CN110310553A - The adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap - Google Patents
The adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap Download PDFInfo
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- CN110310553A CN110310553A CN201910663866.3A CN201910663866A CN110310553A CN 110310553 A CN110310553 A CN 110310553A CN 201910663866 A CN201910663866 A CN 201910663866A CN 110310553 A CN110310553 A CN 110310553A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of adjustable thermionic generation experimental provisions of electrode gap, it includes being arranged with being aligned for the emitter component of launching electronics, with emitter component and for receiving the receiving pole component of the electronics emitted by transmitting level assembly and being arranged between emitter component and receiving pole component and formed the electrode connection component in the space for passing through electronics, wherein, thermionic generation experimental provision further includes the distance regulating mechanism for adjusting the distance between emitter component and receiving pole component.The adjustment and measurement in the gap between emitter component and receiving pole component to thermionic generation experimental provision may be implemented by distance regulating mechanism for thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, thus, it is possible to be furtherd investigate electrode gap as research variable to the power generation characteristics of electrode gap and thermionic generation experimental provision, so that the commercialization for thermionic generation equipment provides theoretical foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermionic generation technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of for thermionic generation system
The thermionic generation experimental provision of characteristic progress experimental study.
Background technique
Thermionic generation is a kind of technology that thermal energy is directly changed into electric energy by way of thermionic emission.By with
The combination of specific heat-supplying mode, thermionic generation can be applied in different occasions, especially combined with nuclear reactor disintegration energy
Manufactured thermionic reactor power supply has unique advantage in space application field, and in the space of Russian TOPAZ series
It is verified in nuclear power system flight test.Thermionic generation experimental provision is that necessity of thermionic generation technological development is set
It is standby.
The principle of thermionic generation is to use to be parallel to each other close refractory metal as electrode pair, wherein emitter quilt
It is heated to 1500 DEG C or more of high temperature and generates thermionic emission, the side of temperature lower (500 DEG C -600 DEG C) is as electronics
Receiving pole.Electron transport pass through electrode before gap when resistance is transported to the generation of the electronics of subsequent transmission.To avoid space electric
The influence of lotus effect, usual way are that caesium steam is filled with into electrode gap, and making the ionization of caesium steam is plasma, to drop
The low potential barrier transported.
Thermionic generation experimental provision belongs to accurate thermoelectricity vacuum device.Influence the principal element packet of thermionic generation
Include: the pressure of electrode material and its caesium steam in temperature, electrode gap width and electrode gap, the change of these parameters is all
It will affect the C-V characteristic of power generator.The basic function of thermionic generation experimental provision be realize different electrode temperatures,
The measurement of VA characteristic curve is carried out under electrode gap width and caesium vapor pressure.In the prior art, thermionic generation experiment dress
The form for the electrode structure set can be divided into flat pole and hollow edged electrode, wherein the processing of the experimental provision of flat pole
It manufactures relatively convenient and is normally used for thermionic generation experimental study.
According to the documentary investigation to the relevant technologies, the electrode system of existing thermionic generation experimental provision is generally deposited
Electrode gap unadjustable and immeasurability the problem of.Due to test the size of interested electrode gap millimeter with
It is interior, and experimental result be affected by it is larger, from submillimeter to some tens of pm change during, the work of thermionic generation device
Condition enters collisionless plasma operating condition from electric arc operating condition.Therefore, in the case where no measuring device, process and assemble precision is difficult
To guarantee that actual size can satisfy design requirement；In addition, uncontrollable electrode gap is restricted as research variable.
Therefore, need in the prior art it is a kind of can change and/or measuring electrode between gap and thus will be between electrode
Thermionic generation experimental provision of the gap as research variable.
Summary of the invention
For related defects present in the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and related existing equipment, the present invention exists
On the basis of the basic demand for meeting the heat of thermionic generation device, electricity and vacuum condition, the solution of drawbacks described above has been comprehensively considered
Certainly scheme, have devised a set of synthetic innovation, it is rigorous easily with the thermion of plate thermion transfer electron system
Generator experimental device.
At least one of in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem aspect, the embodiment provides a kind of electrode gaps
Adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision, the thermionic generation experimental provision include:
Emitter component is used for launching electronics；
Receiving pole component is arranged and for receiving the electronics emitted by transmitting level assembly with being aligned with emitter component；With
And
Electrode connection component is arranged between emitter component and receiving pole component, and forms the sky for passing through electronics
Between,
Wherein, thermionic generation experimental provision further includes for adjusting the distance between emitter component and receiving pole component
Distance regulating mechanism.
Thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention may be implemented by distance regulating mechanism to thermionic generation reality
The adjustment and measurement in the gap between the emitter component and receiving pole component of experiment device, thus, it is possible to using electrode gap as grinding
Study carefully variable to further investigate the power generation characteristics of electrode gap and thermionic generation experimental provision, to set for thermionic generation
Standby commercialization provides theoretical foundation.
One preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, electrode connection component include coaxial
The emitter connecting pipe and receiving pole connecting pipe of ground setting and setting are in emitter connecting pipe and receiving pole connecting tube
Caesium pipeline is filled between road.
In another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, in emitter connecting tube
Elastic connecting element is set in road or receiving pole connecting pipe, when distance regulating mechanism changes emitter component and receiving pole component
The distance between when, elastic connecting element is deformed.
Another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, elastic connecting element include wave
Line pipe.
In another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, distance regulating mechanism packet
The driver plate connected fixedly opposite with receiving pole component or emitter component is included, is drivingly connect with driver plate and drives biography
The drive rod of movable plate movement and the driving mechanism of driving drive rod movement.
An also preferred embodiment for thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, driving mechanism are that can drive
The micrometer driving mechanism of the move distance of drive rod is accurately measured or controlled while dynamic drive rod movement.
In another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, driving mechanism and transmission
Bar is threadedly engaged and driving mechanism axial restraint and circumferential rotatable.
An also preferred embodiment for thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, driving mechanism is arranged to solid
Determine structure, makes rotating motion with the drive rod that driving mechanism is threadedly engaged relative to driving mechanism, between drive rod and driver plate
Can relative rotation and the two it is in axial direction relatively fixed.
It further include that temperature control holds in another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention
Device, emitter component, receiving pole component and electrode connection component are arranged in temperature controlled container.
Another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, temperature controlled container include for holding
It receives and emitter component, the tubular shell of receiving pole component and electrode connection component and closed end cap is carried out to tubular shell.
In another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, temperature controlled container further includes
Pedestal, wherein tubular shell or end cap are slidably arranged on pedestal.
Another preferred embodiment of thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention, on the inner wall of temperature controlled container
It is provided with heating tube or heating coil.
The present invention can not be adjusted and be measured simultaneously in view of electrode gap present in existing thermionic generation experimental provision
And the problem of therefore relationship of electrode gap and the power generation characteristics of thermionic generation experimental provision can not being studied, it proposes
The system schema for solving the problems, such as this is conducive to establish more accurate, rigorous convenient experimental provision.Specifically, according to this
The adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of the electrode gap of invention has the advantages that compared with the existing technology, passes through driving
Mechanism and drive rod drive emitter component and receiving pole component that relative motion occurs, to adjust emitter component and receive
Spacing between the component of pole, further by the micrometer driving mechanism with micrometer come the spacing between measuring electrode, also
By flexible connector, such as bellows, the sealing of the inner cavity of electrode connection component is realized while adjusting spacing.In this way
Spacing and the relationship of the power generation characteristics of thermionic generation experimental provision can be studied by distance regulating mechanism.Also
By being arranged emitter component, receiving pole component and electrode connection component in temperature controlled container, make substantially entire heat from
Sub- generator experimental device maintains in the vacuum environment of certain temperature, and this design method, which can substitute, is all filling caesium pipeline
Wind the scheme of heater strip, it is only necessary to which heating is set on the part for the outside for being exposed to temperature controlled container for filling caesium pipeline on periphery
Silk, thus avoids the appearance of caesium cold spot, thus to the caesium pressure in the inner cavity of the temperature and electrode connection component filled in caesium pipeline
It is accurately controlled.
Detailed description of the invention
By the description made for the present invention of below with reference to attached drawing, other objects and advantages of the present invention will be aobvious and easy
See, and can help that complete understanding of the invention will be obtained.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the part of the removal temperature controlled container of the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap according to the present invention
Cross-sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the section view of the emitter component of the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap according to the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 is the section view of the receiving pole component of the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap according to the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 5 is the part of the electrode connection component of the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap according to the present invention
Cross-sectional view.
It should be noted that attached drawing is not necessarily to scale to draw, but only not influence the schematic of reader's understanding
Mode is shown.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is an implementation of the invention
Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on described the embodiment of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are without creating
Property labour under the premise of every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term or scientific term that the present invention uses should be tool in fields of the present invention
The ordinary meaning for thering is the personage of general technical ability to be understood.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision 10 of electrode gap according to the present invention is shown respectively
Perspective view and partial sectional view.Thermionic generation experimental provision 10 includes the emitter component 12 and hair for launching electronics
Emitter-base bandgap grading component 12 is aligned and the receiving pole component 14 for receiving the electronics emitted by transmitter module 12 and setting are emitting
Between pole component 12 and receiving pole component 14 and formed pass through electronics space electrode connection component 16.Hereinafter with reference to
Attached drawing is respectively illustrated each component part of thermionic generation experimental provision 10 according to the present invention.
Firstly, being said referring to attached drawing 3 to the emitter component 12 of thermionic generation experimental provision 10 according to the present invention
It is bright.Emitter component 12 includes unit heater 122 and transmitting end unit 124, wherein unit heater 122 is electric heater
Unit comprising electric heater 1222, the heater support 1224 for supporting electric heater 1222 are used to be heater support
1224 provide and support and be that electric heater 1222 provides the first flange 1226 of power cathode and for for electric heater
1222 provide the second flange component 1228 of positive pole.Electric heater 1222 can use high-temperature electric heat material, such as can be with
For tungsten, it is of course also possible to use other high-temperature electric heat materials, are not specifically limited herein.Electric heater 1222 can pass through weldering
It the connection types such as connecing and is connected to heater support 1224, heater support 1224 is then fixedly connected to first flange 1226,
This can also be attached by welding.First flange 1226 and the sealing of second flange component 1228 and insulated company
It connects, for example isolating pad can be set between first flange 1226 and second flange component 1228, which can rise
To the effect of sealing, moreover it is possible to play the role of insulation, further, it is also possible to first flange 1226 and second flange component 1228 it
Between sealing ring is set, for improving leakproofness between the two.First flange 1226 can be connected with the cathode of power supply, for for
Electric heater 1222 provides power cathode, and second flange component 1228 can connect to the anode of power supply, for being electric heater
1222 provide positive pole.
Second flange component 1228 for providing positive pole for electric heater 1222 includes second flange 12282, sets
It sets in the ceramic sleeve 12284 in the centre bore of second flange 12282 and the electrode stem being arranged in ceramic sleeve 12284
12286, electrode stem 12286 can connect to the anode of external power supply, to be electric heater by electrode stem 12286
1222 provide positive pole.
Emitting end unit 124 includes emitter end plate 1242, the first support tube for supporting emitter end plate 1242
1244, it is set in the heat shielding pipe 1246 of the periphery of the first support tube 1244 and for supporting above-mentioned first support tube, 1244 and
The third flange 1248 of heat shielding pipe 1246.Emitter end plate 1242 is as thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention
Emitter, for being made of metal material, for example can be made of tungsten to receiving pole launching electronics.Further, since needs pair
The temperature of emitter end plate 1242 is monitored, and accommodates associated temperature detection in being internally provided with for emitter end plate 1242 thus
The monitoring holes of device are herein through-hole.Emitter end plate 1242 can be soldered on the end of the first support tube 1244, such as can
It is welded in a manner of through electron beam welding, the first support tube 1244 can also be made of molybdenum material, and electric heater 1222 is set
It sets in the inside of the first support tube 1244.It can be selected herein according to emitter end plate 1242 and the material of the first support tube 1244
Suitable welding manner is selected, such as the first bearing is made for the emitter end plate 1242 made of tungsten as described above and by molybdenum
For pipe 1244, the welding of tungsten and molybdenum is realized by the way of electron beam welding, herein used welding condition are as follows: electricity
Stream is 18.5mA, weld interval 15s.
The other end of first support tube 1244 is fixedly connected to third flange 1248, herein first support tube 1244
The other end is connected to third flange 1248 by welding manner.Heat shielding pipe 1246 can also be made of molybdenum material, and its
Third flange 1248 can also be soldered to.As shown in Fig. 3, the end plane of heat shielding pipe 1246 and emitter end plate 1242
Outer surface is substantially flush or the outer surface of emitter end plate 1242 is slightly prominent.It can be set in this heat shielding pipe 1246
It for double-layer structure, that is, include two heat shielding pipes of collocated, thus, it is possible to be the first support tube 1244 and its internal
Electric heater 1222 provides more excellent heat-proof quality.
Since third flange 1248 is generally made of stainless steel (herein referring to for S.S.304 type stainless steel, similarly hereinafter), therefore
In order to improve the weldability between the first support tube 1244 and heat shielding pipe 1246 and third flange 1248, in third flange
Setting can cut down transition piece 1250 at 1248 position welded with the first support tube 1244 and heat shielding pipe 1246, can cut down transition piece
1250 may be adapted to be welded with various metals or nonmetallic materials, for example it can be niobium zirconium alloy, by using can cut down
Crossing part 1250 the first support tube 1244 and heat shielding pipe 1246 being made to be respectively welded at can cut down on transition piece 1250, and can cut down
Transition piece 1250 can be then welded on third flange 1248.In addition, in order to which that improves third flange 1248 closes on heat shielding pipe
The leakproofness of 1246 side, can be arranged on the side of heat shielding pipe 1246 accommodate sealing ring annular groove, so as to its
He provides being absolutely sealed for the connection surface when component is tightly connected.Pumping can also be set on the periphery of third flange 1248
Interface 1252 can carry out vacuumize process by inside of the suction interface 1252 to emitter component 12, so that electricity adds
The components such as hot device 1222, which are under vacuum state, to be operated.
In order to ensure the inside of emitter component 12 leakproofness and unit heater 122 and transmitting end unit 124 it
Between dielectric relationship, that is, the dielectric relationship between first flange 1226 and third flange 1248 needs to make unit heater
122 carry out insulated enclosure connection with transmitting end unit 124, i.e., insulation is established between first flange 1226 and third flange 1248
It is tightly connected.By the first metal to ceramic sealing part 126, (metal to ceramic sealing part as described herein can be that can cut down-Al herein2O3-
Can cut down, similarly hereinafter) first flange 1226 and third flange 1248 are welded to connect, Lai Shixian unit heater 122 and transmitting
The insulated enclosure of end unit 124 connects.First metal to ceramic sealing part 126 can be set into including the first ceramic member 1262 and
Component 1266 can be cut down by being arranged in the first of the two sides of the first ceramic member 1262 and can cutting down component 1264 and second, and first can cut down component
1264 side can weld together with third flange 1248, and first other side that can cut down component 1264 can be with the first pottery
Porcelain piece 1262 welds together, and correspondingly, the second side that can cut down component 1266 can weld together with first flange 1226,
And second other side that can cut down component 1266 can weld together with the first ceramic member 1262, it is possible thereby to form emitter group
The inner space of the sealing of part 12.First can cut down component 1264 and second can cut down component 1266 can for kovar alloy, such as
Niobium zirconium alloy, the first ceramic member 1262 can be made of alumina material.Not only by using the first metal to ceramic sealing part 126
Both dielectric relationship can be provided, and can be realized by welding for first flange 1226 and third flange 1248
Between sealed connection.Hereby it is achieved that the sealing and insulation between unit heater 122 and transmitting end unit 124 connect.
Welding between first metal to ceramic sealing part 126 and first flange 1226 and third flange 1248 can use pricker
Weldering mode is realized.Further, in order to avoid substep welding causes the thermal stress breakage gas leakage of the first ceramic member 1262, first
Metal to ceramic sealing part 126 is with the first flange 1226 being made of stainless steel and third flange 1248 for being located at its two sides using whole
The mode of body soldering is welded, for example, carry out simultaneously first flange 1226 and second can cut down between component 1266, second can cut down
Between component 1266 and the first ceramic member 1262, the first ceramic member 1262 and first can be cut down between component 1264 and first can cut down
Welding between component 1264 and third flange 1248, overall, and by unit heater 122 and transmitting terminal
Unit 124 is welded with the first metal to ceramic sealing part 126 simultaneously, that is, carries out the weld job of 4 weld seams simultaneously, by
The thermal stress generated between each welding assembly when this can greatly reduce weld job prevents from generating due to thermal stress
Part distortion, to prevent the rupture of weld seam.Here, needing to mention to before can cutting down component and ceramic member progress vacuum brazing
It is preceding to by Al2O3Manufactured ceramic member carries out metalized, and brazing solder uses AgCu28.4 weld seams are carried out at the same time
It is integral braze-welded when, need to grip workpiece, welding condition are as follows: brazing temperature is 885 DEG C, and soaking time is
15min。
Electric heater 1222 is arranged in the first support tube 1244, and electric heater 1222 is connected by electrode stem 12286
External DC power supply, makes the tungsten heating sheet of electric heater 1222 be increased to 1000 DEG C or so of high temperature under the action of direct current
Thermionic emission is generated, negative pressure is applied to tungsten heating sheet on this basis, so that electronics accelerates bombardment to arrive emitter end plate 1242
On, thus the emission temperature needed for obtaining, and electronics is launched by emitter end plate 1242.
The receiving pole component 14 of 4 pairs of thermionic generation experimental provisions 10 according to the present invention is said referring to the drawings
It is bright.Receiving pole component 14 includes receiving terminal unit 142 and provides the 4th flange 144 of sealing for receiving terminal unit 142.Receiving end
Unit 142 is including receiving pole end plate 1422, the second support tube 1424 for supporting receiving pole end plate 1422 and for supporting
The supporting member 1426 of above-mentioned second support tube 1424.Receiving pole end plate 1422 can have or phase identical as emitter end plate 1242
As structure, receiving pole of the receiving pole end plate 1422 as thermionic generation experimental provision 10 according to the present invention, for receiving
The electronics for carrying out self-electrode, is made of metal material, for example can be made of molybdenum.Due to needing to the extreme plate 1422 of reception
Temperature is monitored, thus receiving pole end plate 1422 be internally provided with accommodate associated temperature detection device monitoring holes, than
Such as through-hole as shown in the figure.Receiving pole end plate 1422 can be soldered on the end of the second support tube 1424, for example can pass through
The mode of electron beam welding is welded, and the second support tube 1424 can also be made of molybdenum material, the second support tube 1424 it is another
End is fixedly connected to supporting member 1426, here, supporting member 1426 can be made by that can cut down material, for example is niobium zirconium alloy.
Second support tube 1424 can be made of molybdenum, it is possible thereby to be welded direct on supporting member 1426.In 1422 He of receiving pole end plate
For second support tube 1424 by situation made of molybdenum material, the two can be integrally formed, such as can be by cylindricality molybdenum
Internal material is removed in material, and receiving pole end plate 1422 and the second support tube 1424 are formed in a manner of forming blind hole.
Further, the 4th flange 144 is used to provide sealing for receiving pole component 14, is connected to when by receiving pole component 14
When electrode connection component 16, the 4th flange 144 can be tightly sealed with electric grade connection component 14.In order to ensure supporting member 1426
Insulation and sealing relationship between the 4th flange 144, that is, in order to realize the 4th flange 144 and receiving terminal unit 142 it
Between insulated enclosure connection, need supporting member 1426 and the progress insulated enclosure connection of the 4th flange 144, herein can be by the
Two metal to ceramic sealing parts 146 are welded to connect supporting member 1426 and the 4th flange 144.Second metal to ceramic sealing part
146, which can be set into the third including the second ceramic member 1462 and the two sides that the second ceramic member 1462 is arranged in, can cut down component
1464 and the 4th can cut down component 1466, and the side that third can cut down component 1464 can weld together with supporting member 1426, and the
Three other sides that can cut down component 1464 can weld together with the second ceramic member 1462, and correspondingly, the 4th can cut down component 1466
Side can weld together with the 4th flange 144, and the 4th other side that can cut down component 1466 can be with the second ceramic member
1462 weld together, it is possible thereby to formed between supporting member 1426 and the 4th flange 144 (namely the 4th flange 144 and reception
Between end unit 142) insulated enclosure connection.Third can cut down component 1464 and the 4th can cut down component 1466 can be by kovar alloy
It is made, for example is niobium zirconium alloy, the second ceramic member 1462 can be made of alumina material.It is sealed by using the second cermet
Fitting 146 can provide the sealed connection with good insulating performance for supporting member 1426 and the 4th flange 144.Since conjunction can be cut down
Fitting has a good welds performance with metal and nonmetallic materials, therefore can be realized between different metal by the way that material can be cut down,
Metal with it is nonmetallic between and it is nonmetallic with it is nonmetallic between be fixedly connected.
Welding between second metal to ceramic sealing part 146 and supporting member 1426 and the 4th flange 144 can use vacuum
Brazing mode is realized.Further, in order to avoid substep welding causes the thermal stress of the second ceramic member 1462 damaged, the second gold medal
Belong to crunch seal part 146 be located at its two sides supporting member 1426 and the 4th flange 144 using overall vacuum be brazed by the way of into
Row welding, for example (as receiving terminal unit 142 and the 4th method can be cut down between component 1464 by carrying out supporting member 1426 and third simultaneously
Orchid 144 between), third can be cut down between component 1464 and the second ceramic member 1462, the second ceramic member 1462 and the 4th can cut down component
Between 1466 and the 4th can cut down Welding between component 1466 and the 4th flange 1466, that is, carry out 4 welderings simultaneously
The weld job of seam, it is possible thereby to the thermal stress generated between each welding assembly when greatly reducing weld job, prevent by
In the part distortion that thermal stress generates, to prevent the rupture of weld seam and associated welds component.
In order to be provided with temperature control component 148 in the second support tube 1424 to the extreme progress of plate 1422 temperature control is received,
The temperature control component 148 includes that the cooling collar 1482 at the center of the second support tube 1424 is arranged in and is formed in second with winding
Electric heating coil 1484 on the inner wall of support tube 1424, it is possible thereby to which it is right to open cooling collar 1482 when needing cooling down
Second support tube 1424 and receiving pole end plate 1422 are cooled down, and when needing heating heating, then pass through electric heating coil
1484 pair of second support tube 1424 and receiving pole end plate 1422 heat, and herein can be DC heating.Cooling collar 1482
For two root canal roads of collocated, two pipelines can be connected in the terminal fluid connecting with receiving pole end plate 1422, thus
Coolant (for example can be inert gas) circulation canal that formed inner tube flows into, outer tube flows out, or form outer tube and flow into, is interior
The coolant circulation passage of pipe outflow.Cooling collar 1482 can connect to external coolant circulating system, thus to cooling
Agent is recycled, to obtain good cooling effect.
The excessive phenomenon in heating region caused by the reinforcement transmitting effect of emitter edge in order to prevent, in receiving pole
Protective case 1428 is arranged in the end of component 14, and protective case 1428 is nested at the end of receiving pole end plate 1422 and the second support tube 1424
In portion.Protective case 1428 can be made of aluminium oxide, be made into cylindrical shape, the protective case 1428 of the cylindrical shape with receiving pole end plate
1422 ends matched are formed with inner chamfer (as shown in Figure 4), thus with 1422 phase of receiving pole end plate with outer chamfer
Match.It is possible thereby to absorb the electronics of the outside of the outer rim for being incident on receiving pole end plate 1422 or outer rim by protective case 1428, and
The excessive phenomenon of electronics is not will form.Protective case 1428 can be locked on the second bearing by the circlip 1429 for the side that sets within it
On the outer surface of pipe 1424.The forming region of plasma can be limited in the positive area of electrode by protective case 1428
On, thereby ensure that the accuracy for receiving electric current.
Fig. 5 shows the electrode connection component 16 of the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision 10 of electrode gap according to the present invention
Partial sectional view.Electrode connection component 16 provides the connection space between emitter component 12 and receiving pole component 14, by sending out
The electronics that emitter-base bandgap grading component 12 emits passes through the connection space and is received by receiving pole component 14.It is provided by electrode connection component 16
The space that passes through of electronics in full of caesium steam, caesium steam makes the electron ionization plasma passed through, to reduce
Potential barrier in Electronic Transport Processes.The electrode connection component 16 includes emitter connecting pipe 162, receiving pole connecting pipe 164
And fill caesium pipeline 166, wherein emitter connecting pipe 162 and receiving pole connecting pipe 164 are coaxially disposed, i.e. emitter
The axis of connecting pipe 162 and the axis of receiving pole connecting pipe 164 are in axial direction aligned or are overlapped, so that being mounted on
Emitter end plate 1242 in emitter connecting pipe 162 and the receiving pole end plate being mounted in receiving pole connecting pipe 164
1422 can centrally be aligned, so that the electronics launched from emitter end plate 1242 can be all transported to as much as possible
On receiving pole end plate 1422.Herein advantageously, caesium pipeline 166 and emitter connecting pipe 162 and receiving pole connecting pipe 164 are filled
It is vertically arranged, i.e., three can be arranged at " fourth " font.It can be arranged on filling caesium pipeline 166 and fill caesium connecting flange 1662,
For linking together with the pipeline from caesium tank, the caesium in caesium tank is thus filled into the intracavitary of electrode connection component 16.
Further, emitter connecting pipe 162 and receiving pole connecting pipe 164 respectively include a mounting flange,
That is emitter connecting pipe 162 includes the first mounting flange 1622, receiving pole connecting pipe 164 includes the second fixation
Orchid 1642, the first mounting flange 1622 can with the third flange 1248 of emitter component 12 it is relatively fixed link together,
And opposing seal between the two, the second mounting flange 1642 then can be relatively solid with the 4th flange 144 of receiving pole component 14
Surely it links together, and also opposing seal between the two.In emitter connecting pipe 162 and receiving pole connecting pipe 164
Between link position at be formed with and can observe relative position between emitter end plate 1242 and receiving pole end plate 1422 and close
The observation window 168 of system.
In order to mitigate the thermal stress of thermionic generation experimental provision 10 according to the present invention and prevent from being caused by thermal stress
Part distortion, elastic connecting element can be set in emitter connecting pipe 162 and/or receiving pole connecting pipe 164, than
For example bellows a, it is preferable that elastic joint part is set in emitter connecting pipe 162 or receiving pole connecting pipe 164
Part.In the embodiment as shown in fig.5, elastic connecting element 170 is only set in receiving pole connecting pipe 164, due to
There is elastic connecting element 170 scalability therefore to cope with by emitter component 12, receiving pole component 14 and/or electrode
The thermal stress of connection component 16 and the deformation generated.
Further, it is also possible to which spare connecting flange 1664 is arranged on filling caesium pipeline 166, caesium connecting flange 1662 can filled
In the case where inconvenient to use, caesium tank is connected using spare connecting flange 1664.It in emitter connecting pipe 162 and can also connect
The spare filling channel 172 of setting at the position that pole connecting pipe 164 connects is received, it can be by spare filling channel 172 to electrode
The intracavitary of connection component 16 is filled with gas needed for others.
As shown in Fig. 2, the adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision 10 of electrode gap according to the present invention further includes for adjusting
The distance regulating mechanism 18 for saving the distance between emitter component 12 and receiving pole component 14, can pass through distance regulating mechanism 18
The distance between the first mounting flange 1622 and the second mounting flange 1642 for adjusting electrode connection component 16, can pass through elasticity
Connecting component 170 realizes that spacing under the conditions of ensuring excellent sealing is adjusted.Distance regulating mechanism 18 is designed for driving
One mounting flange 1622 or the movement of the second mounting flange 1642, thus change emitter end plate 1242 and receiving pole end plate 1422 it
Between distance, thus, it is possible to the distance between emitter end plate 1242 and receiving pole end plate 1422 and thermionic generation experiment fill
The relationship set between 10 power generation characteristics is studied.
Here, by being added in thermionic generation experimental provision 10 between emitter component 12 and receiving pole component 14
The distance distance regulating mechanism 18 that is adjusted and measures, can measure and adjust emitter end plate 1242 and receiving pole end plate
Spacing between 1422, to change the C-V characteristic of thermionic generation experimental provision 10, and based on this to electrode spacing and heat
Correlation between the power generation characteristics of ion generator experimental device carries out experimental study.
Referring to attached drawing 2 to the specific structure of the distance regulating mechanism 18 of thermionic generation experimental provision 10 according to the present invention
It is illustrated.Distance regulating mechanism 18 includes and the relatively fixed driver plate that connect of ground of the 4th flange 144 of receiving pole component 14
182, it is drivingly connect with driver plate 182 and the drive rod 184 and driving drive rod 184 for driving driver plate 182 to move is transported
Dynamic driving mechanism 186.Driving mechanism 186 can be micrometer driving mechanism, can be in the movement of driving drive rod 184
It highly precisely can also measure or control simultaneously the move distance of drive rod 184.Here, driving mechanism 186 can be made and passed
Lever 184 is threadedly engaged, and makes 186 axial restraint of driving mechanism and circumferential rotatable, thus in the driving machine that rotates in a circumferential direction
When structure 186, drive rod 184 is axially moved forward and backward, and thus driver plate 182 is driven to move, and driver plate 182 passes through connection
Bar 188 drives the movement of the 4th flange 144, so that receiving pole connecting tube of the receiving pole component 14 together with electrode connection component 16
One side section of the separate emitter component 12 positioned at elastic connecting element 170 in road 164 moves together, to change emitter
The distance between component 12 and receiving pole component 14.It is of course also possible to driving mechanism 186 is arranged to fixed structure, with driving
The drive rod 184 that mechanism 186 is threadedly engaged can make rotating motion with respect to driving mechanism 186, correspondingly, drive rod 184 and biography
Between movable plate 182 can relative rotation, but the two is in axial direction relatively fixed, drives drive rod 184 to rotate phase as a result,
Driver plate 182 can be then transferred to for the axial movement of driving mechanism 186, driver plate 182 is then connect by the drive of connecting rod 188
Pole component 12 is received to move.Here, distance regulating mechanism 18 can also be arranged to drive being located at for thermionic generation experimental provision 10
The component of the other side of elastic connecting element 170, such as the emitter of driving emitter component 12 and electrode connection component 16
Connecting pipe 162, the thus also spacing between adjustable emitter component 12 and receiving pole component 14.It is, of course, also possible to will
Elastic connecting element 170 is arranged in emitter connecting pipe 162, meanwhile, driving also can be set into distance regulating mechanism 18
Any one of emitter component 12 and receiving pole component 14.
It is possible thereby to change or set the emitter end plate 1242 of emitter component 12 by distance regulating mechanism 18 and connect
The spacing between the receiving pole end plate 1422 of pole component 14 is received, thus to study the spacing and thermionic generation experimental provision 10
The basic guarantee that relationship between power generation characteristics provides.
In order to solve the Temperature Controlling of caesium steam, by emitter component 12, receiving pole component 14 and electrode connection component
16 are arranged in temperature controlled container 20, and temperature controlled container 20 is mainly used for controlling being located at of flowing out from caesium tank and fills caesium pipeline and connect with electrode
The temperature of the intracavitary caesium steam of component 16, to ensure to fill the temperature of the caesium steam in caesium pipeline higher than the caesium steam in caesium tank
Temperature.By the temperature in control caesium tank come the pressure of the intracavitary caesium steam of coordination electrode connection component 16, to be steamed to caesium
Influence of the pressure of gas to the power generation performance of thermionic generation experimental provision 10 is studied.It can be in the inner wall of temperature controlled container 20
Upper arrangement heating tube or heating coil maintain entire thermionic generation experimental provision 10 in 400 DEG C or so of vacuum environment,
This design method can substitute the scheme that heater strip is wound on the periphery for all filling caesium pipeline, it is only necessary to fill the sudden and violent of caesium pipeline
It is exposed on the part of the outside of temperature controlled container 20 and heater strip is set, thus avoid the appearance of caesium cold spot.
Temperature controlled container 20 may include for accommodating the emitter component 12 of thermionic generation experimental provision 10, receiving pole group
The tubular shell 202 of part 14 and electrode connection component 16 and closed end cap 204, cylindrical case are carried out to tubular shell 202
Body 202 and end cap 204 can be separately positioned on pedestal 206, and any one of tubular shell 202 and end cap 204 can slide
Ground is arranged on pedestal 206, for example can be slidably arranged on pedestal 206 by sliding rail, and thus, it is possible to open temperature controlled container
20 so as to be located at thermionic generation experimental provision 10 therein checked and operated.It correspondingly, can be in temperature controlled container 20
External operating member relevant to thermionic generation experimental provision 10 or the connecting component, such as setting of being arranged in tubular shell
Observation panel 208 corresponding with the observation window 168 of electrode connection component 16 on 202 side wall, is arranged in tubular shell 202
External electrode flange 210 corresponding with electrode stem 12286 on end wall.Of course, it is possible in tubular shell 202 and end cap
Being provided on 204 makes thermionic generation experimental provision 10 and external port or the interface for carrying out relevant connection or operation, herein may be used
It is arranged according to actual needs.
Thermionic generation experimental provision 10 according to the present invention has the characteristics that modularized design, mainly includes emitter
The advantages of three component, receiving pole component and electrode connection component modules, this modularized design, is conducive to modules
Maintenance and replacement.Electrode connection component can be used as a relatively-stationary module, can be right when needing replacing electrode material
Emitter component or receiving pole component quickly carry out integral replacing.For example some module occurs to destroy or damage in operation
It ruins, the module of destruction can individually be dismantled, it, then can be with without the module that goes wrong so that it is repaired or replaced
It keeps original state and can continue to use, to accelerate the maintenance process of equipment, shorten maintenance cycle.
Thermionic generation experimental provision according to the present invention by the metal parts to metal to ceramic sealing part and two sides into
Row integral braze-welded welding, solve ceramics in welding process and subsequent use process due to thermal stress and damaged cracking is asked
Topic, it is ensured that metal to ceramic sealing part is with better insulation and sealing performance and has longer service life.Devise set
The ceramic protective sleeve in the end of receiving pole component is set, thus, it is possible to heating region is constrained in the positive area of electrode
In, to prevent the excessive of plasma.The present invention is also driven emitter component and is connect by driving mechanism and drive rod
It receives pole component and relative motion occurs, so that the spacing between emitter component and receiving pole component is adjusted, further by having
The micrometer driving mechanism of micrometer carrys out the spacing between measuring electrode, also by flexible connector, such as bellows, to adjust
Internode away from while realize electrode connection component inner cavity sealing, it is possible thereby to by distance regulating mechanism come to spacing and heat
The relationship of the power generation characteristics of ion generator experimental device is studied.The present invention, which further devises, accommodates thermionic generation experiment
The temperature controlled container of the emitter component of device, receiving pole component and electrode connection component, by being heated to temperature controlled container,
To realize that the temperature to caesium steam controls, without (need to only fill caesium pipe in the periphery arrangement heater strip for all filling caesium pipeline
Heater strip is arranged on the part of the outside for being exposed to temperature controlled container in road), it is thus more accurate to the control of caesium temperature and caesium pressure.
For the embodiment of the present invention, it is also necessary to explanation, in the absence of conflict, the embodiment of the present invention and reality
Applying the feature in example can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiment.
More than, only a specific embodiment of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is of the invention
Protection scope should be subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of adjustable thermionic generation experimental provision of electrode gap, comprising:
Emitter component is used for launching electronics；
Receiving pole component is arranged and for receiving by the electricity of the transmitting level assembly transmitting with being aligned with the emitter component
Son；And
Electrode connection component is arranged between the emitter component and the receiving pole component, and formation makes the electronics
The space passed through,
Wherein, the thermionic generation experimental provision further include for adjust the emitter component and the receiving pole component it
Between distance distance regulating mechanism.
2. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrode connection component includes same
The emitter connecting pipe and receiving pole connecting pipe and setting being arranged to axis connect in the emitter connecting pipe with described
It receives and fills caesium pipeline between the connecting pipe of pole.
3. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the emitter connecting pipe or
Elastic connecting element is set in the receiving pole connecting pipe, when the distance regulating mechanism changes the emitter component and institute
When stating the distance between receiving pole component, the elastic connecting element is deformed.
4. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the elastic connecting element includes wave
Line pipe.
5. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the distance regulating mechanism include with
Driver plate that the receiving pole component or the emitter component connect relatively fixedly is drivingly connect simultaneously with the driver plate
And the driving mechanism that the drive rod and the driving drive rod of the driving driver plate movement move.
6. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the driving mechanism is that can drive
Move the micrometer driving mechanism for accurately measuring or controlling the move distance of the drive rod while drive rod movement.
7. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the driving mechanism and the transmission
Bar is threadedly engaged and the driving mechanism axial restraint and circumferential rotatable.
8. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 6, which is characterized in that be arranged to the driving mechanism solid
Determine structure, makes rotating motion with the drive rod that the driving mechanism is threadedly engaged relative to the driving mechanism, the drive rod
Between the driver plate can relative rotation and the two it is in axial direction relatively fixed.
9. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it further include temperature controlled container, the hair
Emitter-base bandgap grading component, the receiving pole component and the electrode connection component are arranged in the temperature controlled container.
10. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the temperature controlled container includes being used for
Accommodate the emitter component, the tubular shell of the receiving pole component and the electrode connection component and to the cylindrical case
Body carries out closed end cap.
11. thermionic generation experimental provision according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the temperature controlled container further includes bottom
Seat, wherein the tubular shell or the end cap are slidably arranged on the pedestal.
12. the thermionic generation experimental provision according to any one of claim 9-11, which is characterized in that in the temperature control
Heating tube or heating coil are provided on the inner wall of container.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910663866.3A CN110310553B (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2019-07-22 | Electrode gap adjustable thermionic power generation experimental device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910663866.3A CN110310553B (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2019-07-22 | Electrode gap adjustable thermionic power generation experimental device |
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| CN110310553A true CN110310553A (en) | 2019-10-08 |
| CN110310553B CN110310553B (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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| CN201910663866.3A Active CN110310553B (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2019-07-22 | Electrode gap adjustable thermionic power generation experimental device |
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