CN110307564B - Split type combustion chamber and engine and heat protection method thereof - Google Patents
Split type combustion chamber and engine and heat protection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110307564B CN110307564B CN201910503870.3A CN201910503870A CN110307564B CN 110307564 B CN110307564 B CN 110307564B CN 201910503870 A CN201910503870 A CN 201910503870A CN 110307564 B CN110307564 B CN 110307564B
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- oil inlet
- oil outlet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a split type combustion chamber, which comprises a heat-proof frame, an oil inlet ring, an oil outlet ring and a heat exchange panel, wherein the heat-proof frame is arranged in a hollow manner and comprises two end parts and a plurality of parting beads arranged between the two end parts at intervals, and the heat exchange panel is arranged between any two adjacent parting beads; the oil inlet ring and the oil outlet ring are arranged on the periphery of the heat-proof frame in a surrounding mode and are arranged at intervals with the heat-proof frame, and the oil inlet ring and the oil outlet ring are connected to two ends of the heat exchange panel respectively. The invention can play a good thermal protection effect on the engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aerospace, in particular to a thermal protection design for a large-scale reusable ramjet engine combustion chamber wall surface of a liquid heat absorption type hydrocarbon fuel.
Background
The development of hypersonic aircrafts is a hot point in the development of the aerospace field at present, and has attracted great attention from countries such as Europe, america, russia and the like. The key to the design of hypersonic aircraft is to solve the cooling problem of the aircraft, since the high speed of the air flow in hypersonic flight will bring significant aerodynamic thermal loads to the aircraft structure (especially the combustion chamber), and the uncooled combustion chamber can reach 3000K, which is well beyond the bearing capacity of known structural materials. Unlike conventional jet engines which cool the walls of the combustion chamber with air, for scramjet engines, the incoming air cannot be used to cool the engine because the gas temperature after stagnation is very high. The regenerative cooling technology of cooling the combustion chamber by using the heat sink of the fuel itself is an effective solution.
In the future, if the problem of low-cost reusability of hypersonic aircraft is to be solved, the reusability of the combustion chamber must first be realized. The combustion chamber using kerosene as a coolant has the problems of easy coking after once use, and repeated use, and needs to be repaired before secondary use. This will tend to increase the post-cost difficulty of repair for large structural combustors of engineering scale. Meanwhile, the cooling area required by the large-scale combustion chamber structure is large, the nonuniformity of heat distribution is more prominent, and the thermal stress deformation of the heat exchange panel is more easily caused under the thermal gradient effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a split type combustion chamber, which meets the cooling requirement of a large-area combustion chamber in a splicing mode through a split modular heat exchange panel. And simultaneously, the problems of cooling and thermal expansion of an installation gap between the connection panels are solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a split type combustion chamber, which comprises a heat-proof frame, an oil inlet ring, an oil outlet ring and a heat exchange panel, wherein the heat-proof frame is arranged in a hollow mode, the heat-proof frame comprises two end parts and a plurality of parting beads arranged between the two end parts at intervals, and the heat exchange panel is arranged between any two adjacent parting beads;
the oil inlet ring and the oil outlet ring are arranged on the periphery of the heat-proof frame in a surrounding mode and are arranged at intervals with the heat-proof frame, and the oil inlet ring and the oil outlet ring are connected to two ends of the heat exchange panel respectively.
Optionally, the oil inlet ring comprises an oil inlet ring body and a plurality of oil inlet guide pillars, the oil inlet guide pillars are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the oil inlet ring body, and the oil inlet guide pillars are arranged on the inner wall of the oil inlet ring body;
the oil outlet ring comprises an oil outlet ring body and a plurality of oil outlet guide pillars, the oil outlet guide pillars are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the oil outlet ring body, and the oil outlet guide pillars are arranged on the inner wall of the oil outlet ring body.
Optionally, the oil inlet rings, the oil outlet rings and the heat exchange panels are arranged in equal number, and the oil inlet rings and the oil outlet rings are respectively arranged at two ends of the heat exchange panels.
Optionally, the oil inlet ring further comprises an oil inlet, the oil inlet is arranged at the outer end of the oil inlet ring body, and the oil inlet is communicated with the oil inlet guide pillar;
the oil outlet ring further comprises an oil outlet, the oil outlet (32) is arranged at the outer end of the oil outlet ring body, and the oil outlet is communicated with the oil outlet guide pillar.
Optionally, an expansion gap is arranged between the heat protection frame and the heat exchange panel.
Optionally, a hollow cooling channel is arranged inside the heat-proof frame, and a porous medium layer is coated on the inner wall of the heat-proof frame;
the porous medium layer is internally provided with a discharge channel, the discharge channel is communicated with the cooling channel, a diffusion area is formed at one end, close to the cooling channel, of the discharge channel, and a diffusion area is formed at the side edge of the diffusion area along the direction deviating from the diffusion area.
Optionally, the porous medium layer comprises a transverse discharge end, two oblique discharge ends and a vertical discharge end,
the horizontal discharge end is arranged at one end deviating from the hot air flow, the horizontal discharge end is adjacent to the heat exchange panel (4), the two oblique discharge ends are arranged at one end close to the hot air flow, the two oblique discharge ends are arranged at two sides of the porous medium layer, and the vertical discharge end is arranged at one end close to the hot air flow and is arranged between the two oblique discharge ends.
Optionally, the heat-proof frame is cylindrical, the heat exchange panel includes a heat exchange body and a guide plate, a hollow channel is arranged inside the guide plate, at least two flow guide ports are installed on the heat exchange body, and the flow guide ports are communicated with the channel.
The invention also provides an engine which comprises a plurality of combustion chambers, wherein two adjacent combustion chambers are connected by flanges.
The invention also provides a heat protection method of the engine, and the combustion chamber is adopted for heat protection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a split type combustion chamber, which meets the cooling requirement of a large-area combustion chamber in a splicing mode through a split-type modular heat exchange panel. And simultaneously, the problems of cooling and thermal expansion of an installation gap between the connecting panels are solved.
2. The invention is suitable for large-scale scramjet engines and combined engine combustion chambers thereof, and particularly suitable for occasions with strong requirements on thermal protection. The modular split block type heat exchange panel design is adopted, on one hand, the problem of stress concentration caused by large-area single overall design can be prevented, on the other hand, the small panel design can realize low-cost repeated use, is convenient to maintain and detect, and can be quickly replaced.
3. For the heat flow distribution condition of the combustion chamber with uneven heat exchange environment, each heat exchange panel can be adaptively designed according to the difference of the strength before heat exchange of the installation position. By designing the heat exchange channel characteristics of the panels, or by a single control of the flow rate of the coolant in a single panel, an optimized control of the combustion chamber heat exchange process can be achieved.
4. The porous medium is adopted on the frame edges for sweating and cooling, the cooling panel adopts regenerative cooling, and the expansion gap flows out of the contact position, so that the damage of expansion caused by uneven cold and heat to the result can be prevented. The cooling seam is provided with cooling liquid permeated by the porous material, so that the damage of high-temperature hot gas to the structure of the cooling seam can be avoided.
The independent heat exchange panels can greatly reduce the processing difficulty and the manufacturing cost.
Instead of the cylindrical shape, a certain conical configuration can be used.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a split type combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat shielding frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heat exchange panel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a connection relationship between a heat shielding frame and a heat exchange panel in an embodiment of the present invention; (the hollow arrows in the figure indicate the direction of the hot gas flow, and the solid arrows indicate the direction of diffusion of the cooling liquid or cooling gas)
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a connection relationship between a heat shielding frame and a porous medium layer in an embodiment of the present invention; (the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of diffusion of the cooling liquid or cooling gas)
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a baffle configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another baffle configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of connection of two combustion chambers in an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1 a heat protection frame; 10 division bars; 11 a cooling channel; 12 end portion; 13 porous medium heat-proof layer; 130 a discharge passage; 131 a transverse discharge end; 132 oblique discharge end; 133 a vertical discharge end; 2, an oil inlet ring; 20 an oil inlet ring body; 21, feeding an oil into a guide pillar; 22 oil inlet; 3, discharging an oil ring; 30 an oil outlet ring body; 31 an oil outlet guide post; an oil outlet 32; 4, a heat exchange panel; 40 a heat exchange body; 41 a flow guide plate; 410 a channel; 42 a flow guide port; 5, expanding the seam; 6, a flange; 7 combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a split type combustion chamber, which comprises a heat-proof frame 1, an oil inlet ring 2, an oil outlet ring 3 and a heat exchange panel 4, wherein the heat-proof frame 1 is arranged in a hollow manner, the heat-proof frame 1 comprises two end parts 12 and a plurality of parting strips 10 arranged between the two end parts 12 at intervals, and the heat exchange panel 4 is arranged between any two adjacent parting strips 10;
the oil inlet ring 2 and the oil outlet ring 3 are arranged on the periphery of the heat-proof frame 1 at intervals of the heat-proof frame 1, and the oil inlet ring 2 and the oil outlet ring 3 are connected to two ends of the heat exchange panel 3 respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the heat-proof frame can be filled with kerosene or low-temperature air. The oil inlet ring 2 can be cooled by kerosene. When high-temperature hot air generated by combustion passes through the combustion chamber, kerosene flowing through the heat exchange panel takes away heat avoided by the combustion chamber through the wall surface, and the heat is prevented from being accumulated to avoid damage caused by overtemperature.
The combustion chamber in the prior rocket engine is integrated and is used for one-time use and needs to be replaced after use.
The split combustion chamber can be repeatedly used, and the plurality of heat exchange panels can be connected in a hoop or screw mode. The embodiment of the invention adopts the combination of the heat-proof frame and the heat exchange panels to form the split type combustion chamber, which can be conveniently disassembled, cleaned and replaced. The cost is greatly reduced.
Optionally, the oil inlet ring 2 includes an oil inlet ring body 20 and a plurality of oil inlet guide pillars 21, the plurality of oil inlet guide pillars 21 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the oil inlet ring body 20, and the oil inlet guide pillars 21 are arranged on the inner wall of the oil inlet ring body 20;
the oil outlet ring 3 comprises an oil outlet ring body 30 and a plurality of oil outlet guide pillars 31, the oil outlet guide pillars 31 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the oil outlet ring body 30, and the oil outlet guide pillars 31 are arranged on the inner wall of the oil outlet ring body 30.
Optionally, the number of the oil inlet ring 2, the oil outlet ring 3 and the heat exchange panel 4 is equal, and the oil inlet ring 2 and the oil outlet ring 3 are respectively arranged at two ends of the heat exchange panel 4.
Optionally, the oil inlet ring 2 further includes an oil inlet 22, the oil inlet 22 is disposed at the outer end of the oil inlet ring body 20, and the oil inlet 22 is communicated with the oil inlet guide pillar 21;
the oil outlet ring further comprises an oil outlet 32, the oil outlet 32 is arranged at the outer end of the oil outlet ring body 30, and the oil outlet 32 is communicated with the oil outlet guide pillar 31.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the heat exchange panel with split design, forms a large-area heat release structure by a small-area splicing method, and can prevent the structure from deforming caused by heating. The mounting gap between the heat exchange panels can supplement the thermal expansion deformation between the heat exchange panels. The combustion chamber frame is used for bearing a force load, and meanwhile, a porous medium cooling channel is arranged at a part in contact with high-temperature fuel gas, so that a sweating cooling effect is generated.
The embodiment of the invention adopts 20 heat exchange panels, obviously, the invention does not limit the number of the heat exchange panels 4, and can also adopt 8, 15, 30 and the like. In the embodiment of the invention, each heat exchange panel 4 is correspondingly provided with one oil inlet guide pillar 21 and one oil outlet guide pillar 31, wherein the oil inlet guide pillar 21 on one heat exchange panel 4 is connected with the oil inlet 22, and the oil outlet guide pillar 31 is connected with the oil outlet 32. The oil inlet 22 and the oil outlet 32 of the embodiment of the invention both adopt a standard component, namely Ningbo adapter.
Optionally, the heat protection frame 1 and the heat exchange panel 4 are fixedly connected, preferably welded.
Optionally, a hollow cooling channel 11 is arranged inside the heat-proof frame 1, and a porous medium layer 13 is coated on the inner wall of the heat-proof frame 1;
the porous medium layer 13 is internally provided with a discharge channel 130, the discharge channel 130 is communicated with the cooling channel 11, one end of the discharge channel 130 close to the cooling channel 11 forms a diffusion area 1300, and the side edge of the diffusion area 1300 forms a divergent area 1301 along the direction departing from the diffusion area 1300.
Optionally, the layer of porous medium 13 includes a transverse discharge end 131, two diagonal discharge ends 132 and a vertical discharge end 133,
the transverse discharge end 131 is arranged at one end departing from the hot gas flow, the transverse discharge end 131 is arranged adjacent to the heat exchange panel (4), the two inclined discharge ends 132 are arranged at one end close to the hot gas flow, the two inclined discharge ends 132 are arranged at two sides of the porous medium layer 13, and the vertical discharge end 133 is arranged at one end close to the hot gas flow and between the two inclined discharge ends 132.
Optionally, an expansion gap 5 is arranged between the heat protection frame 1 and the heat exchange panel 4. The expansion joint 5 is divided into two sections, one is a first expansion joint between the lateral discharge end 131 and the heat exchange panel 4, and the other is a second expansion joint between the oblique discharge end 132 and the heat exchange panel 4, and the second expansion joint is wider than the first expansion joint.
Optionally, the heat-proof frame 1 is cylindrical, the heat exchange panel 4 includes a heat exchange body 40 and a flow guide plate 41, a hollow channel 410 is arranged inside the flow guide plate 41, at least two flow guide ports 42 are installed on the heat exchange body 40, and the flow guide ports 42 are communicated with the channel 410. Further, the channel 410 may have a bar shape, a spiral shape, or a U shape. Shown as a strip in fig. 6 and a U-shape in fig. 7.
In the micropores of the porous medium heat-proof layer 13, the diameter of the micropores is about 4-110 um, and strong heat exchange is generated between the cooling fluid (kerosene) and the solid heat-proof frame to carry away heat. The injected cooling medium thickens a boundary layer on the solid surface, and heat transfer is blocked. The porous medium heat-proof layer 13 of the embodiment of the invention can adopt silicon material.
Example two
The second embodiment of the invention provides an engine, which comprises a plurality of combustion chambers 7, wherein two adjacent combustion chambers 7 are connected by a flange 6. As shown in fig. 8, the embodiment of the present invention employs two combustion chambers 7 connected by a flange 6.
In the embodiment of the invention, different combustion chamber sections have different heating intensities, and the split design in the embodiment of the invention can optimize the aperture according to different heating intensities.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the invention provides a heat protection method of an engine, which adopts the combustion chamber for heat protection.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the technical essence of the present invention departs from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The split type combustion chamber is characterized by comprising a hollow heat-proof frame (1), an oil inlet ring (2), an oil outlet ring (3) and a heat exchange panel (4), wherein the heat-proof frame (1) comprises two end parts (12) and a plurality of parting beads (10) arranged between the two end parts (12) at intervals, and the heat exchange panel (4) is arranged between any two adjacent parting beads (10);
the oil inlet ring (2) and the oil outlet ring (3) are arranged on the periphery of the heat-proof frame (1) in a winding mode and are arranged at intervals with the heat-proof frame (1), and the oil inlet ring (2) and the oil outlet ring (3) are connected to the two ends of the heat exchange panel (4) respectively.
2. The combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil inlet ring (2) comprises an oil inlet ring body (20) and a plurality of oil inlet guide pillars (21), the plurality of oil inlet guide pillars (21) are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the oil inlet ring body (20), and the oil inlet guide pillars (21) are arranged on the inner wall of the oil inlet ring body (20);
the oil outlet ring (3) comprises an oil outlet ring body (30) and a plurality of oil outlet guide pillars (31), the oil outlet guide pillars (31) are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the oil outlet ring body (30), and the oil outlet guide pillars (31) are arranged on the inner wall of the oil outlet ring body (30).
3. The combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil inlet ring (2), the oil outlet ring (3) and the heat exchange panel (4) are arranged in equal number, and the oil inlet ring (2) and the oil outlet ring (3) are respectively arranged at two ends of the heat exchange panel (4).
4. The combustion chamber as claimed in claim 2, wherein the oil inlet ring (2) further comprises an oil inlet (22), the oil inlet (22) is arranged at the outer end of the oil inlet ring body (20), and the oil inlet (22) is communicated with the oil inlet guide pillar (21);
the oil outlet ring further comprises an oil outlet (32), the oil outlet (32) is formed in the outer end of the oil outlet ring body (30), and the oil outlet (32) is communicated with the oil outlet guide pillar (31).
5. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that an expansion gap (5) is provided between the heat protection frame (1) and the heat exchange panel (4).
6. The combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat protection frame (1) is internally provided with a hollow cooling channel (11), and the inner wall of the heat protection frame (1) is coated with a porous medium layer (13);
the porous medium layer (13) is internally provided with a discharge channel (130), the discharge channel (130) is communicated with the cooling channel (11), a diffusion area (1300) is formed at one end, close to the cooling channel (11), of the discharge channel (130), and a divergent area (1301) is formed on the side edge of the diffusion area (1300) along the direction departing from the diffusion area (1300).
7. A combustion chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that the layer of porous medium (13) comprises a transverse discharge end (131), two inclined discharge ends (132) and a vertical discharge end (133),
the horizontal discharge end (131) is arranged at one end deviating from hot air flow, the horizontal discharge end (131) and the heat exchange panel (4) are arranged adjacently, the two oblique discharge ends (132) are arranged at one end close to the hot air flow, the two oblique discharge ends (132) are arranged at two sides of the porous medium layer (13), and the vertical discharge end (133) is arranged at one end close to the hot air flow and is arranged between the two oblique discharge ends (132).
8. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat protection frame (1) is cylindrical, the heat exchange panel (4) comprises a heat exchange body (40) and a flow guide plate (41), a hollow channel (410) is arranged inside the flow guide plate (41), at least two flow guide openings (42) are arranged on the heat exchange body (40), and the flow guide openings (42) are communicated with the channel (410).
9. An engine, characterized in that it comprises several combustion chambers (7) according to any of claims 1-8, and that two of any adjacent combustion chambers (7) are connected by a flange (6).
10. A method of thermal protection of an engine, characterized in that thermal protection is performed using a combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1-8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910503870.3A CN110307564B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Split type combustion chamber and engine and heat protection method thereof |
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| CN201910503870.3A CN110307564B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Split type combustion chamber and engine and heat protection method thereof |
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| CN110307564A CN110307564A (en) | 2019-10-08 |
| CN110307564B true CN110307564B (en) | 2023-03-10 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111059571A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 湖南云顶智能科技有限公司 | Split combustion chamber with U-shaped channel structure |
| CN111059570A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 湖南云顶智能科技有限公司 | Split combustion chamber with strip-shaped channel structure |
| CN114294679B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-09-16 | 中南大学 | Compound thermal protection concave cavity combustion chamber |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4555901A (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1985-12-03 | General Electric Company | Combustion chamber construction |
| CN101776283B (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2012-06-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Flame stabilizer with jet injection |
| CN105318356A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-02-10 | 北京航天动力研究所 | High aspect ratio variable section heat exchange channel |
| KR20190042071A (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2019-04-23 | 애딕티브 로켓 코포레이션 | Laminated Manufacturing Combustion Engines |
| CN106403661B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | A kind of low speed cooling hydro-thermal protective device |
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