CN110302810B - Preparation method and application of BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-induced photocatalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-induced photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light catalyst, which comprises the following steps: s1, drying the egg membrane and cutting into pieces; s2, calcining the egg membrane fragments, and grinding the calcined egg membrane fragments into particles to obtain a carbonized egg membrane; s3, Bi (NO)3)3Adding hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethanol into the solid, then adding the carbonized egg membrane, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-120 min, stirring for 30min, adding a NaOH solution in the stirring process, aging for 8-12 h, filtering out liquid, drying at 100 ℃ for 12-15 h to obtain a modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane catalyst, and applying the catalyst to degradation of dye wastewater containing rhodamine B, antibiotic wastewater containing tetracycline hydrochloride and industrial wastewater containing organic pollutants. The invention can reduce the pressure of waste treatment and environmental pollution, change waste into valuable and realize the high-efficiency catalytic degradation of industrial wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysts, in particular to a preparation method and application of a BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-induced photocatalyst.
Background
With the rapid development of industry, the discharge amount of various industrial waste water is rapidly increased, so that the problems of water environment and water resource pollution are severe, and the health and safety of human beings are threatened. Among them, organic pollutants in wastewater have the characteristics of high toxicity and chemical stability, difficult biodegradation and the like, and can absorb and reflect sunlight entering water, interfere the growth of organisms such as bacteria and the like, and cause very serious harm to the ecological environment. How to efficiently treat organic pollutants in industrial wastewater becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of domestic and foreign environmental protection. The photocatalysis technology has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, mild reaction conditions, no secondary pollution and the like, is a green environment-friendly technology, and shows great potential in the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. However, the degradation efficiency of the traditional photocatalyst on the organic pollutants in the actual wastewater under the condition of visible light is far from satisfactory, and the preparation of a novel high-efficiency catalyst with visible light catalytic activity is still the focus of the current researchers.
In recent years, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) has attracted great interest to researchers as a novel photocatalytic material, and has become a focus of research. BiOCl is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a highly anisotropic layer structure (i.e., a layer of [ Bi ]2O2]2+Sandwiched between two layers [ Cl2]2-In crystal), both of these advantages contribute to photogeneration of electron holes (e)--h+) The effective separation of the component makes the component have outstanding photocatalytic activity. Researches find that the degradation activity of BiOCl on organic dye is better than that of TiO2(P25, Degussa), and BiOCl has the advantages of no toxicity, low cost, etc., and thus attracts much attention in the field of photocatalysis. However, BiOCl has a band gap of (E)g) Between 3.2 and 3.5eV, the ultraviolet light can only excite the glass. Researchers try to adopt various modification means, such as precious metal deposition, cocatalyst loading, rare earth ion doping, semiconductor composite construction heterojunction and the like, to expand the photoresponse range of the heterojunction, so that the sunlight utilization rate of the heterojunction is improved. However, the above modification methods generally have the disadvantages of high cost, complicated preparation process, and the like. Therefore, the research on the novel visible light response type BiOCl composite photocatalytic material which is low in cost, simple in preparation process and free of environmental pollution has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a preparation method for preparing a carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst with visible light response and high catalytic activity by adopting a one-step method, and applies the photocatalyst to the degradation of pollutants in wastewater.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, separating the egg membrane from the egg shell, cleaning the egg membrane, drying and cutting to obtain egg membrane fragments, wherein the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃;
s2, calcining the egg membrane fragments obtained in the step S1 in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the calcining conditions are as follows: heating to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours to obtain black solids, grinding the black solids to particles to obtain a carbonized egg membrane, and recording the parameters as: CESM;
s3, Bi (NO)3)3Adding hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethanol into the solid, then adding the carbonized egg membrane, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-120 min, stirring for 30min, adding a NaOH solution in the stirring process, finally aging for 8-12 h, filtering out liquid, drying at 100 ℃ for 12-15 h, and finally obtaining the modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane catalyst.
Further, the method for separating the egg membrane from the egg shell in the step S1 is as follows: soaking egg shell in hydrochloric acid, and reacting until egg membrane can be peeled off from egg shell.
Further, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the step S1 is 0.1-0.5 mo/L.
Further, the hydrochloric acid concentration in the step S3 is 2 mol/L.
Further, the concentration of the NaOH solution in the step S3 is 4 mol/L.
Further, the calcining device in the step S2 may be a muffle furnace.
The BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-induced photocatalyst is applied to degradation of dye wastewater containing rhodamine B, antibiotic wastewater containing tetracycline hydrochloride and industrial wastewater containing organic pollutants.
Wherein: the degradation method of the dye wastewater containing rhodamine B comprises the following steps: adding the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light catalyst into wastewater, stirring for 30-60min under a dark condition to reach adsorption balance, then turning on visible light irradiation to perform photocatalytic degradation reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is as follows: stirring at 15-35 deg.C, wherein the visible light is visible light with wavelength of more than 420 nm.
Wherein: the degradation method of the antibiotic wastewater containing tetracycline hydrochloride comprises the following steps: adding the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light catalyst into wastewater, stirring for 30-60min under a dark condition to reach adsorption balance, then turning on visible light irradiation to perform photocatalytic degradation reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is as follows: stirring at 15-35 deg.C, wherein the visible light is visible light with wavelength of more than 420 nm.
Wherein: the degradation method of the industrial wastewater containing the organic pollutants comprises the following steps: adding the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light catalyst into wastewater, stirring for 30-60min under a dark condition to reach adsorption balance, then turning on visible light irradiation to perform photocatalytic degradation reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is as follows: stirring at 15-35 deg.C, wherein the visible light is visible light with wavelength of more than 420 nm. The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention takes the egg membrane as the raw material, is cheap and easy to obtain, has uniform micropores and an interwoven fiber network structure, is rich in carbon elements, and can reduce the production cost by taking the egg membrane as the raw material to prepare the novel carbon material; in addition, the resource recycling of the biological waste can greatly reduce the pressure of waste treatment and environmental pollution, change waste into valuable, and has low price and low energy consumption, thereby being beneficial to popularization and application;
2. the BiOCl nanosheets in the photocatalyst prepared by the invention grow in situ on the surface of carbonized egg membrane fibers with an interwoven network structure and are in crossed petal-shaped distribution, and carbon quantum dots are uniformly modified on the surface of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite material, so that the defects that the BiOCl nanosheets are easy to stack, the specific surface area is reduced, and the exposure of catalytic active sites and the loading of the carbon quantum dots are not facilitated due to a common preparation method are overcome, the prepared photocatalyst has rapid and efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation performance on organic dyes and antibiotics in wastewater, and the COD value of industrial wastewater can be efficiently treated.
Drawings
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it should be understood that these drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the structural configurations described herein and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1-a is an SEM image of pure BiOCl prepared in example 1;
FIG. 1-b is an SEM image of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2-a is a TEM image of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2-b is a TEM image of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2-c is a TEM image of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3-a is an XRD spectrum of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst and pure BiOCl prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3-b is an ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectrum of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst and pure BiOCl prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the degradation of rhodamine B-containing dye wastewater by the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst and pure BiOCl prepared in examples 1 to 4;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the degradation of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in examples 1 to 4 and pure BiOCl to tetracycline hydrochloride-containing antibiotic wastewater;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the COD value changes of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in example 1 and pure BiOCl degraded industrial wastewater.
Detailed Description
Specific structures, features, advantages, etc. of the present invention are described in detail below by way of example, but all descriptions are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Furthermore, any individual technical features described or implicit in the embodiments mentioned herein may still be continued in any combination or subtraction between these technical features (or their equivalents) to obtain still further embodiments of the invention that may not be mentioned directly herein.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and furthermore, the terms "comprises" and "having", and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 1-a, 1-b, 2-a, 2-b, 2-c, and 3-6.
Example one
Preparing a carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light catalyst:
collecting waste egg shells, cleaning the egg shells with clear water, soaking the cleaned egg shells in dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.5mol/L, stripping off egg membranes after reacting for a period of time, washing the egg membranes clean with clear water, drying the egg membranes at 60 ℃, and cutting the egg membranes into pieces with scissors to obtain egg membrane fragments; and putting the obtained egg membrane fragments into a muffle furnace to be calcined in the nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours to obtain black solid, grinding the black solid into particles to obtain the carbonized egg membrane, and recording the number as: and (4) CESM.
To 1.86g Bi (NO)3)3Adding 25mL of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, 20mL of deionized water and 10mL of ethanol into the solid, and then adding 0.05g of carbonized materialCarrying out ultrasonic treatment on the egg membrane for 30min, adding 20mL of NaOH solution with the concentration of 4mol/L in the process of continuously stirring for 30min, finally aging for 8h, filtering out liquid, and drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light photocatalyst, which is recorded as BiC-0.05; under the same conditions, the sample prepared without adding the carbonized egg membrane is marked as pure BiOCl.
As shown in fig. 1-b and fig. 2-a, 2-b, and 2-c of the transmission electron microscope, the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light photocatalyst prepared in this embodiment has a nanosheet-like morphology, grows in a petal-like staggered manner, and is beneficial to exposure of active sites, and the carbon quantum dots are uniformly modified on the nanosheet-like surface, so as to be beneficial to separation of photo-generated electrons and holes. As shown in figures 3-a and 3-b, due to the low content of the carbonized egg membrane, the XRD spectrum of the composite photocatalyst only shows the diffraction peak of BiOCl, and the BiOCl in the composite material has good crystallinity, and has a broadened light absorption range and a narrower band gap compared with pure BiOCl. As can be seen from FIGS. 4-6, the prepared composite material has outstanding visible light photocatalytic activity.
Example two
Preparing a modified BiOCl photocatalyst by using eggshell waste materials:
collecting waste egg shells, cleaning the egg shells with clear water, soaking the cleaned egg shells in dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.5mol/L, stripping off egg membranes after reacting for a period of time, washing the egg membranes clean with clear water, drying the egg membranes at 60 ℃, and cutting the egg membranes into pieces with scissors to obtain egg membrane fragments; calcining the obtained egg membrane fragments in a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours to obtain black solids, grinding the black solids into particles to obtain carbonized egg membranes, and recording the carbonized egg membranes as CESM;
to 1.86g Bi (NO)3)3Adding 25mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, 20mL of deionized water and 10mL of ethanol into the solid, adding 0.01g of carbonized egg membrane, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, adding 20mL of NaOH solution with the concentration of 4mol/L during continuous stirring for 30min, aging for 8h, filtering out liquid, drying at 100 ℃ for 12h, and repairing carbon quantum dotsThe decorated BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light photocatalyst is recorded as BiC-0.01.
EXAMPLE III
Preparing a modified BiOCl photocatalyst by using eggshell waste materials:
collecting waste egg shells, cleaning the egg shells with clear water, soaking the cleaned egg shells in dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.5mol/L, stripping off egg membranes after reacting for a period of time, washing the egg membranes clean with clear water, drying the egg membranes at 60 ℃, and cutting the egg membranes into pieces with scissors to obtain egg membrane fragments; calcining the obtained egg membrane fragments in a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours to obtain black solids, grinding the black solids into particles to obtain carbonized egg membranes, and recording the carbonized egg membranes as CESM;
to 1.86g Bi (NO)3)3Adding 25mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, 20mL of deionized water and 10mL of ethanol into the solid, then adding 0.1g of carbonized egg membrane, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, adding 20mL of NaOH solution with the concentration of 4mol/L during continuous stirring for 30min, finally aging for 8h, filtering out liquid, and drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light photocatalyst, which is recorded as BiC-0.1.
Example four
Preparing a modified BiOCl photocatalyst by using eggshell waste materials:
collecting waste egg shells, cleaning the egg shells with clear water, soaking the cleaned egg shells in dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 0.5mol/L, stripping off egg membranes after reacting for a period of time, washing the egg membranes clean with clear water, drying the egg membranes at 60 ℃, and cutting the egg membranes into pieces with scissors to obtain egg membrane fragments; calcining the obtained egg membrane fragments in a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours to obtain black solids, grinding the black solids into particles to obtain carbonized egg membranes, and recording the carbonized egg membranes as CESM;
to 1.86g Bi (NO)3)3Adding 25mL hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 2mol/L, 20mL deionized water and 10mL ethanol into the solid, adding 0.15g carbonized egg membrane, and performing ultrasonic treatmentAnd (3) adding 20mL of 4mol/L NaOH solution in the process of continuously stirring for 30min, aging for 8h, filtering out liquid, and drying at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible light photocatalyst which is recorded as BiC-0.15.
EXAMPLE five
Evaluation of photocatalytic degradation Performance:
the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in the embodiments 1-4 is applied to degradation of organic dye rhodamine B-containing wastewater. The method specifically comprises the following steps: BiC-0.01, BiC-0.05, BiC-0.1, BiC-0.15 and pure BiOCl, and the method comprises the following steps:
putting 50mg of composite photocatalyst into 80mL of wastewater containing 20ppm of rhodamine B, stirring for 30min under dark conditions, taking a first sample as an initial value, opening a water cooling system to keep the reaction temperature at 25 ℃, simulating visible light (>420nm) by using a xenon lamp light source added with an optical filter, taking a sample every 2min, closing the light source after 12min to stop catalytic reaction, carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained sample, and taking a supernatant;
and measuring the absorbance value of the obtained sample at the position of the maximum absorption wavelength of 554nm by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, recording data, and respectively calculating and evaluating the degradation performance of the prepared sample on rhodamine B in the wastewater. As shown in figure 4, the degradation rate and the removal effect of the composite photocatalyst on rhodamine B are obviously superior to those of pure BiOCl, wherein the decolorization rate of the composite photocatalyst on rhodamine B within 12min can reach 98% by optimizing the composite material, and the effect of the photocatalytic performance is very obvious.
EXAMPLE six
Evaluation of photocatalytic Properties:
the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 is applied to degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC. HCl) containing wastewater. The method specifically comprises the following steps: BiC-0.01, BiC-0.05, BiC-0.1, BiC-0.15 and pure BiOCl, and the method comprises the following steps:
putting 50mg of BiOCl composite photocatalyst into 80mL of wastewater containing 10ppm of TC & HCl, stirring for 30min under a dark condition, taking a first sample as an initial value, opening a water cooling system to keep the reaction temperature at 25 ℃, simulating visible light (>420nm) by using a xenon lamp light source with an optical filter, taking a sample every 5min, closing the light source after 30min to stop catalytic reaction, carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained sample, and taking a supernatant;
measuring the absorbance value of the obtained sample at the position of 375nm of the maximum absorption wavelength of the sample by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, recording data, and respectively calculating and evaluating the degradation performance of the prepared sample on tetracycline hydrochloride (TC. HCl) in the wastewater. As shown in fig. 5. The degradation effect of the prepared composite photocatalyst on TC & HCl is obviously higher than that of pure BiOCl, wherein the degradation efficiency of BiC-0.05 on TC & HCl can reach 100% within 30 min.
EXAMPLE seven
Evaluation of photocatalytic Properties:
the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite photocatalyst BiC-0.05 prepared in the embodiment 1 is applied to degradation of actual wastewater. The implementation steps are as follows:
diluting industrial wastewater to 100 times by taking chemical wastewater of Jiujiang chemical industry company as a research object, weighing 80mL of diluted solution in a light reaction instrument, weighing 50mg of a sample catalyst, putting the sample catalyst into the wastewater, magnetically stirring for dark reaction for 30min, simulating visible light (>420nm) by using a xenon lamp light source added with an optical filter, turning on a water cooling system to keep the reaction temperature at 25 ℃, reacting for 8h, taking 3mL of solution in a digestion tube per hour, and turning off the light source to stop catalytic reaction after 8 h; digesting the obtained sample by a digestion instrument, calculating the COD value of the industrial wastewater according to a potassium dichromate standard method, recording data, and respectively calculating and evaluating the photocatalytic removal performance of the prepared sample on the COD value of the industrial wastewater. As shown in fig. 6. After 8 hours of reaction, the removal rate of the prepared composite photocatalyst to the COD value in the actual wastewater can reach 73%, which is far higher than that of pure BiOCl (50%).
The method utilizes the carbonized egg membrane to modify the BiOCl photocatalyst, and obtains the carbon quantum dot modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite material by a one-step method; the interwoven network structure of the carbonized egg membrane can well promote the electron transmission rate of the BiOCl photocatalyst, and the porosity of the carbonized egg membrane can increase the specific surface area and improve the adsorption capacity, thereby obviously improving the photocatalytic performance of the BiOCl photocatalyst. The preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, and the biological waste egg shells are used as the raw material, so that the method is cheap and easy to obtain, low in cost, green and safe in preparation process, and convenient to popularize and utilize.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the description is only for the preferred examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- The preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:s1, separating the egg membrane from the egg shell, cleaning the egg membrane, drying and cutting to obtain egg membrane fragments, wherein the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃;s2, calcining the egg membrane fragments obtained in the step S1 in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the calcining conditions are as follows: heating to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours to obtain black solids, grinding the black solids to particles to obtain a carbonized egg membrane, and recording the parameters as: CESM;s3, Bi (NO)3)3Adding hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethanol into the solid, then adding the carbonized egg membrane, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-120 min, stirring for 30min, adding a NaOH solution in the stirring process, finally aging for 8-12 h, filtering out liquid, drying at 100 ℃ for 12-15 h, and finally obtaining the modified BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane catalyst.
- 2. The preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method for separating the egg membrane from the egg shell in the step S1 is as follows: soaking egg shell in hydrochloric acid, and reacting until egg membrane can be peeled off from egg shell.
- 3. The preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the step S1 is 0.1-0.5 mo/L.
- 4. The preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the hydrochloric acid concentration in the step S3 is 2 mol/L.
- 5. The preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the NaOH solution in the step S3 is 4 mol/L.
- 6. The preparation method of the BiOCl/carbonized egg membrane composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the calcining device in the step S2 may be a muffle furnace.
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