CN110302756B - Method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar - Google Patents
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- CN110302756B CN110302756B CN201910602464.2A CN201910602464A CN110302756B CN 110302756 B CN110302756 B CN 110302756B CN 201910602464 A CN201910602464 A CN 201910602464A CN 110302756 B CN110302756 B CN 110302756B
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar, which specifically comprises the following steps of (1) pretreating raw materials; (2) activating industrial waste residues; (3) mixing the activated industrial waste residue with the treated organic waste; (4) pyrolyzing the uniformly mixed sample; (5) removing heavy metals in the water solution polluted by the heavy metals by the pyrolysis residues; (6) analyzing the heavy metal ions, calculating the removal rate and the like. According to the invention, cheap industrial waste residues are used as a heat transfer carrier and an activating agent, in the formation process of the biochar, the polymerization degree of aromatic hydrocarbon in the biochar is improved, the physical and chemical microstructures of the biochar are improved, pollution components in the industrial waste residues are fixed in the pyrolysis process, the alkalinity is reduced, and the energy and material utilization of organic wastes and the harmless and resource utilization of the industrial waste residues are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment and carbon material application, in particular to a method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar.
Background
The wood waste is slowly pyrolyzed at high temperature (generally the temperature is less than 700 ℃) under the condition of no oxygen or limited oxygen to generate a type of insoluble, stable and aromatized carbon-rich substance, which is called biochar. Biochar was originally considered as a highly fertile "black soil" that can help plant growth, and can be used for agricultural purposes as well as carbon collection and storage. In recent years, research results at home and abroad show that the biochar plays a positive role in the aspects of improving crop yield, improving soil property, improving fertilizer efficiency of fermentation products, repairing heavy metal polluted soil, controlling carbon emission and the like.
The charcoal is prepared by utilizing the pyrolysis of the wooden wastes, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas can be combusted to supply energy so as to meet the energy requirement of the preparation process, the byproduct wood vinegar can be used as an insecticide, and meanwhile, a high-value charcoal product can be prepared, so that the aim of reducing the wooden wastes by 100 percent is fulfilled. However, the biochar produced by direct pyrolysis of wood waste has larger difference in specific surface area and pore volume compared with activated carbon, and further has larger difference in adsorption function of heavy metals and organic pollutants. In order to improve the adsorption of the toxic pollutant components by the biochar, different activation methods are needed to modify the biochar. The currently common activation methods are mainly divided into physical methods and chemical methods, and the physical methods have high energy consumption and poor effects; the chemical activation method has the advantages of low activation temperature and high efficiency, but the reagent is easy to corrode equipment, a large amount of liquid products are generated, and the price of the reagent is relatively expensive.
The industrial waste residue refers to toxic, inflammable, corrosive and chemically reactive solid waste discharged in industrial production, and specifically comprises aluminum-smelting waste residue, steel-smelting waste residue, copper-smelting waste residue, spent catalyst and the like.
In order to protect the living environment of human beings and further improve the harmless and resource utilization of industrial waste residues, a new industrial waste residue treatment method needs to be searched, and detection shows that the waste residues are rich in active elements such as calcium, aluminum, potassium, sodium, silicon and the like, have a catalytic effect on the cracking reaction of biomass, and the industrial waste residues are used as an activating agent in the preparation process of biochar and form a eutectic with organic components in the pyrolysis process, so that heavy metals in the biochar can be fixed, and the alkalinity is reduced; meanwhile, the physical method and the chemical method are combined, so that the surface characteristic of the biochar can be improved at the pyrolysis source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, utilize cheap industrial waste residues as a heat transfer carrier and an activating agent, reduce the tar yield in the pyrolysis process, improve the energy gas yield, improve the aromatic polymerization degree in the biochar forming process, improve the physical and chemical microstructure of the biochar, fix the pollution components in the industrial waste residues in the pyrolysis process, reduce the alkalinity, and realize the energy and material utilization of organic wastes and the harmless and resource utilization of the industrial waste residues.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar comprises the following specific steps
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the organic waste with the water content of less than 10% to the particle size of less than 3 mm, and storing for later use;
(2) activating industrial waste residues: putting the industrial waste residue into a heating furnace, and carrying out thermal activation for 2 h at the temperature of 500-;
(3) mixing the activated industrial waste residue prepared in the step (2) with the treated organic waste obtained in the step (1) according to the mass ratio of 0: 1-1: 1, uniformly mixing;
(4) respectively putting the samples uniformly mixed according to the proportion obtained in the step (3) into a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis, introducing certain nitrogen, wherein the flow rate of carrier gas is 0.08-0.1L/min, heating to 400-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and carrying out pyrolysis reaction for 40-90 min;
(5) putting the pyrolysis residue obtained by the pyrolysis reaction into a heavy metal polluted water solution, stirring for 60-90 min, and centrifuging for 15-30 min;
(6) and (4) taking the supernatant to perform heavy metal ion analysis, comparing with a blank test, and calculating the removal rate.
Further, the organic waste specifically comprises one or more of agricultural and forestry waste, organic components in biological waste and wood chips in decorative waste.
Further, the industrial waste residue is one or more of aluminum smelting waste residue, steel-making waste residue, copper smelting waste residue, industrial sludge discharged from non-ferrous metal refineries and spent catalysts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method utilizes industrial waste residues, combines physical activation and chemical activation, improves the performance of the biochar at a pyrolysis source, and has the advantages of energy conservation and consumption reduction;
(2) in the process of co-processing the industrial waste residue and the organic solid waste, the pollution components in the industrial waste residue are effectively inhibited, the energy utilization rate of the organic solid waste is improved, the problem of resource waste caused by random stacking of wood waste is solved, the problem of secondary pollution caused by landfill of the industrial waste residue is also solved, and the industrial waste residue and the organic solid waste are harmlessly utilized;
(3) at the pyrolysis source, industrial waste residues are added as an activating agent, so that the energy consumption and the cost in the activation process of the biochar can be reduced, the specific surface area of the obtained biochar is increased by 50-100%, and the average pore diameter is increased by more than 50%;
(4) after industrial waste residues are added in the pyrolysis process, the obtained biochar is applied to the adsorption of heavy metal ions in an aqueous solution, and the removal rate can reach more than 95%;
(5) the biochar after absorbing the heavy metal ions is identified by a standard HJ/T299-.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar disclosed by the invention;
wherein, 1-organic solid waste, 2-crushing, 3-industrial waste residue, 4-calcining, 5-premixing, 6-pyrolysis reactor, 7-biochar, 8-adsorption, 9-ecological risk evaluation, 10-pyrolysis gas and 11-liquid product.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Comparative example:
crushing the organic solid waste with the water content of less than 10% to the particle size of less than 3 mm, putting the organic solid waste into a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis, introducing nitrogen as protective gas, wherein the flow rate of carrier gas is 0.08-0.1L/min, heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and carrying out pyrolysis heating for 60 min to generate pyrolysis gas, liquid products and pyrolytic carbon. Wherein the gas yield is 35 percent, the tar yield is 27 percent, the biochar yield is 23 percent, the pyrolysis water yield is 15 percent, and the specific surface area of the biochar is 110-140 m2(ii)/g, the average pore diameter is 1-3 nm. Putting 1 g of biochar in a hexavalent chromium ion solution of 3 mg/L for adsorption test, stirring for 60-90 min, centrifuging for 15-30 min, taking supernatant for hexavalent chromium analysis, and calculating to obtain a hexavalent chromium ion removal rate of 8.04%. After the biochar adsorbing the chromium ions is dried, ecological risk evaluation is carried out by a standard HJ/T299-2007 method, and the adsorbed chromium ions can be effectively fixed in the biochar.
Examples
Crushing organic solid waste with the water content of less than 10% to the particle size of less than 3 mm, wherein the industrial waste residue used in the embodiment is aluminum smelting waste residue, and calcining the aluminum smelting waste residue at 550 ℃ for 2 hours, and then mixing the aluminum smelting waste residue with the organic solid waste in a mass ratio of 1:1, mixing in a premixing system, entering a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis, introducing nitrogen as protective gas, controlling the flow rate of carrier gas to be 0.08-0.1L/min, heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min, and maintaining the pyrolysis heating for 60 min to generate pyrolysis gas, liquid products and pyrolysis carbon, wherein the gas yield is 38%, the tar yield is 22%, the biochar yield is 29%, the pyrolysis water yield is 11%, and the specific surface area of the biochar is 280 m-280 m2(ii)/g, the average pore diameter is 2-10 nm. Placing 1 g of biochar in 3 mg/L hexavalent chromium ion solution for adsorption test, stirring for 60-90 min, and centrifuging for 15-30And min, taking the supernatant for hexavalent chromium analysis, and calculating to obtain a hexavalent chromium ion removal rate of 95.11%. After the biochar adsorbing the chromium ions is dried, ecological risk evaluation is carried out by a standard HJ/T299-2007 method, and the adsorbed chromium ions can be effectively fixed in the biochar.
Compared with a comparative example without adding industrial waste residues, the method for removing heavy metal ions by using the industrial waste residue modified biochar disclosed by the embodiment mainly comprises two processes, firstly, a pollution component in the industrial waste residue is pyrolyzed at 700 ℃, most of heavy metals are gradually converted into a residue state from a transferable state, and are fixed in the biochar forming process, so that the pollution component is effectively inhibited, the alkalinity is reduced, meanwhile, the tar yield in a product is reduced, the energy gas yield is improved, and the specific surface area and the average pore diameter of the prepared pyrolyzed biochar are increased; secondly, the prepared modified biochar is used for adsorbing chromium ions, so that the chromium ions are combined with the biochar and perform a series of physical and chemical reactions with the biochar, and the biochar is fixed in the biochar to calculate the removal rate of the modified biochar on heavy metals and the solidification effect of the heavy metal ions.
After the biochar adsorbing the chromium ions is dried, ecological risk evaluation is carried out by a standard HJ/T299-2007 method, and the adsorbed chromium ions can be effectively fixed in the biochar.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. However, the above description is only an example of the present invention, the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar is characterized by comprising the following specific steps
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the organic waste with the water content of less than 10% to the particle size of less than 3 mm, and storing for later use;
(2) activating industrial waste residues: putting the aluminum smelting waste residue into a heating furnace for activation, wherein the activation temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the activation time is 2 h;
(3) uniformly mixing the activated industrial waste residue prepared in the step (2) with the treated organic waste obtained in the step (1) in proportion;
(4) respectively putting the samples which are obtained in the step (3) and mixed uniformly according to the proportion into a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis, and introducing certain nitrogen for protection;
(5) putting the pyrolysis residue obtained by the pyrolysis reaction into a heavy metal polluted water solution, stirring for 60-90 min, and centrifuging for 15-30 min;
(6) taking the supernatant to carry out heavy metal ion analysis, comparing with a blank test, and calculating the removal rate;
the mixing mass ratio of the industrial waste residue to the organic waste in the step (3) is 1: 1;
and (4) heating the mixture to 400-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min under the pyrolysis reaction condition in the step (4), and carrying out pyrolysis reaction for 40-90 min.
2. The method for removing heavy metal ions by using industrial waste residue modified biochar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the carrier gas of nitrogen in the step (4) is 0.08-0.1L/min.
3. The method for removing heavy metal ions by using the industrial waste residue modified biochar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic waste comprises one or more of agricultural and forestry waste, organic components in biological waste and wood debris in decoration waste.
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| CN110976487A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏筑原生物科技研究院有限公司 | Method for improving hydrogen yield by catalytic pyrolysis of organic solid waste by using industrial waste residues |
| CN112588261B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-09-17 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of carbon-aluminum composite material |
| CN113842879B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2024-04-12 | 北京建工资源循环利用股份有限公司 | Method for preparing organic adsorbent by utilizing decoration garbage sorting waste, application of organic adsorbent and sewage treatment system |
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