CN110299281A - A method of detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging - Google Patents
A method of detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN110299281A CN110299281A CN201910624408.9A CN201910624408A CN110299281A CN 110299281 A CN110299281 A CN 110299281A CN 201910624408 A CN201910624408 A CN 201910624408A CN 110299281 A CN110299281 A CN 110299281A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for detecting Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging, this method utilize containing when semiclassical theory method, by the scale energy for changing Rydberg atom, and the frequency for changing oscillating electric field obtains the interference pattern for comparing clearly photo-ionisation micro-imaging, by the position for changing detection plane, the oscillating structure for observing directly electron wave function on a macroscopic scale can be achieved, the method of the photo-ionisation micro-imaging of announcement makes people become reality to the observation of microcosmic particle wave function, the imaging method of photo-ionisation micro-interference pattern is to the analysis of related fields experimental result and the explanation of experimental phenomena, and the optimization of instrument and equipment is of great significance, the present invention is not only that the microscopical research and development of photo-ionisation and experimental study provide certain theoretical direction, and in astrophysics, plasma physics, from Son imprison, the design of semiconductor microactuator coupling device and the contour scientific and technological information technical field of research and development have important application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photoelectric information technical fields, and in particular to a kind of detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging
Method.
Background technique
With the development of laser technology, Interaction between laser and atoms or molecules become the mankind explore physical structure attribute and
The important means of physics law.With the development of internet big data and high content information, the development of electronics is showed centainly
Limitation.Due to photon speed much faster, the frequency of light is more much higher than the frequency of radio, for improve spread speed
And current carrying density, the development by electronics to photon are inexorable trends, it can make the development of generation information technology generate breakthrough.
Currently, the detection of information, transmission, storage, display, operation and processing are participated in completing jointly by photon and electronics, it is generated
Photoelectronics technology has been applied to information technology field.Photoelectronics has far-reaching in terms of national security and economic competition
Meaning and potentiality.Wherein, Process of photoionization of the Rydberg atom in high field is to generate a photoelectronic important approach.
In physics, the research of high field Central Plains sub-light ionization belongs to the Disciplinary Frontiers of atomic and molecular physics, is research classical mechanics
The representative instance contacted between quantum mechanics.Since people's 21 century, quantum mechanics has become people to atom, ion
The main tool of research and analysis is carried out with microsystems such as molecules.After photo-ionisation occurs for the atom in outfield, photo-ionisation electronics
Kinetic effect abundant will be shown, development that can promote photoelectron technology is studied it, obtains in experiments and theory
Widely pay close attention to.With the development of Strong-field physics, physicist has become the observation of microcosmic particle wave function from imagination
At reality.When Rydberg atom ionizes in the electric field, if as soon as placing detector perpendicular to direction of an electric field,
It can be by the space interference pattern and time domain electron current distribution of recording light ionization electron, thus to the power of photo-ionisation electronics
Scholarship and moral conduct is to carry out detailed research.During spatial domain records ionization electron interference pattern, if will using electrostatic lenses
Ionization electron projects on Position-Sensitive Detector, this i.e. so-called photo-ionisation micro-imaging technique.Using photo-ionisation it is micro- at
As technology, people can observe directly the oscillating structure of electron wave function on a macroscopic scale, therefore the technology provides use
The method that macroscopical observation instrument directly observes microcosmic particle Quantum Properties.In the research of forefathers, it is concentrated mainly on static
The micro- research of Rydberg atom photo-ionisation in electric and magnetic fields, in oscillating electric field Rydberg atom photo-ionisation it is micro-
The research of interference pattern, research both domestic and external are not reported.Therefore, the Rydberg atom that the present invention announces is in the electricity of oscillation containing when
Research blank both domestic and external has been filled up in the research of photo-ionisation micro-imaging in.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for detecting Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging, on solving
State the problem of proposing in background technique.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation it is micro- at
The method of picture, this method utilize containing when semiclassical theory method, in conjunction with oscillating electric field regulation electronics Classical Motion track,
It is carried out by the wave function of semi classical method tectonic system, and then to the interference pattern of photo-ionisation micro-imaging in detection plane
Observation, specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, the atom that is in oscillating electric field is irradiated with beam of laser, it, will after Electron absorption energy in hydrogen atom
Electronics realizes Process of photoionization from ground state transition to highly excited level；
Oscillating electric field outside S2, application, writes out Hamiltonian H of the photo-ionisation electronics in oscillating electric field and Coulombian field,
Hamiltonian is subjected to scale conversion, obtains the later Hamiltonian of scale conversion, in order to solve hamilton canonical equation, is needed
Equation is eliminated in the singularity of origin, introduces parabolic coordinates (u, v) and its conjugate momentum, at the same define one it is new when
Between variable scaled time variable, to obtain actual Hamiltonian h；Due to Coulomb force and additional oscillating electric field power
Effect, electron motion for a period of time after, can reach in the detection plane of electric field vertical direction, when have two either two
When electron trajectory more than item reaches the same point on detector plane simultaneously, the interference between corresponding electron waves be will lead to
Occur a series of interference figures in detection plane；
S3, assume ionization electron with output angle θiFrom origin emit, by numerical solution containing when Hamilton canonical side
Journey, writes corresponding calculation procedure, electron trajectory of the numerical simulation photo-ionisation electronics in oscillating electric field and Coulombian field, and
It searches out all from origin, reaches in detection plane the electron trajectory of a bit；
S4, using containing when wave function of the semiclassical theory construction electronics in oscillating electric field, write out jth track pair
The electron wave function ψ answeredj(ρ,z0), the wave function of any set point on detector plane is all electron waves for reaching the point
The summation of functionThe phase generated to correct the failure due to semiclassical approximation introduces
Maslov index λj；By means of containing when semiclassical theory, construct wave function and arrival of the Rydberg atom in oscillating electric field
The electronic probability density of any in detection plane；
S5, according to the wave function of the S4 electronics provided, it is several further to derive in detection plane that any electronics occurs
Rate density provides electronic probability density ψj(ρ,z0) calculation formula；
S6, detection plane is fixed on apart from origin is that 4.8um locates, search out scale energy in given electronics with
Under frequency of oscillation, all electron trajectories of any in detection plane are reached, the ρ-θ curve of the condition of satisfaction is drawn, passes through volume
Journey calculates electronic probability density distribution, provides the three-dimensional interference pattern of photo-ionisation micro-imaging；
S7, the frequency for changing oscillating electric field observe the variation of photo-ionisation micro-interference pattern, provide electronic probability density
The regularity of distribution；
S8, the scale energy for changing Rydberg atom observe the variation of photo-ionisation micro-interference pattern, it is several to seek electronics
The regularity of distribution of rate density searches out the condition that clearly interference pattern is met；
The frequency of S9, the scale energy of fixed Rydberg atom and vibration electric field, change the position of detection plane, so that
Distance of the detection plane apart from origin is 2.4mm, obtains clearly photo-ionisation micro-imaging pattern on a macroscopic scale.
Preferably, in the S1, Rydberg atom chooses relatively simple hydrogen atom, and additional electric field is pure oscillation
Electric field.
Preferably, in the S2, effect when photo-ionisation electron synchrotron by Coulomb force and oscillating electric field power, oscillating electric field
Intensity requirement it is very strong, thus by electronics back in detection plane.
Preferably, in the S4, for motion profile of the simulation electronic in Coulombian field and oscillating electric field, it is necessary to write
Corresponding calculation procedure searches out from atom, reaches the movement rail of all photo-ionisation electronics of any in detection plane
Mark.
Preferably, in the S5, the variation range of the scale energy of Rydberg atom are as follows: -1.0 < ε < -0.01；Oscillation
The intensity of electric field are as follows: F=10v/cm, the frequency range of oscillating electric field are as follows: 0.01 π < ω <, 0.09 π.
Preferably, in the S6, distance change range of the detection plane apart from atom are as follows: 4.8 μm of < z0< 2.4mm.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: semi classical method physical image ratio of the present invention
More visible, pure oscillation electric field can be relatively easy to be generated in an experiment, and the time required for entire calculating is shorter, is generated
Interference pattern than more visible, theoretical reference can be provided for the micro- experimental study of photo-ionisation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the physical image of the Redberg hydrogen atom photo-ionisation in oscillating electric field constructed in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is some electricity of a bit (ρ=1.0, z=-4.0) in arrival detection plane obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Sub-trajectory.
Fig. 3 is Redberg hydrogen atom obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1 in given scale energy and oscillating electric field frequency
The three-dimensional interference pattern of lower photo-ionisation micro-imaging；
Fig. 4 is Redberg hydrogen atom photo-ionisation obtained in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation electricity in the embodiment of the present invention 2
ρ-θ the curve of son；
Fig. 5 is Redberg hydrogen atom photo-ionisation obtained in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation electricity in the embodiment of the present invention 2
The two-dimentional possibility density distribution curve of son；
Fig. 6 is Redberg hydrogen atom photo-ionisation obtained in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation electricity in the embodiment of the present invention 2
The three-dimensional possibility density distribution curve of son；
Fig. 7 is that Redberg hydrogen atom photo-ionisation obtained in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation is aobvious in the embodiment of the present invention 2
The three-dimensional interference pattern of micro- imaging；
Fig. 8 is the photo-ionisation electronics that Redberg hydrogen atom obtains under different scale energy in the embodiment of the present invention 3
ρ-θ curve；
Fig. 9 is the photo-ionisation electronics that Redberg hydrogen atom obtains under different scale energy in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Two-dimentional possibility density distribution curve；
Figure 10 is the photo-ionisation electronics that Redberg hydrogen atom obtains under different scale energy in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Three-dimensional possibility density distribution curve；
Figure 11 is that the photo-ionisation that Redberg hydrogen atom obtains under different scale energy in the embodiment of the present invention 3 is micro-
The three-dimensional interference pattern of imaging；
Figure 12 be in the embodiment of the present invention 4 Redberg hydrogen atom that observes on a macroscopic scale in oscillating electric field
The three-dimensional interference pattern of photo-ionisation micro-imaging.
In Fig. 1: detection plane is perpendicular to electric field；Same point on detector plane, several electron trajectories can arrive
It reaches, one group of concentric interference fringes occurs, this i.e. photo-ionisation micro-imaging.
In Fig. 2: scale energy ε=- 0.1, electric field frequency ω=0.1 π；Detector is located at z0=-4.0s.u. ≈-
The angle of emergence of every track is given in the plane of 4.8um, in figure.
In Fig. 3: Fig. 3 (a) is ρ-θ curve of the Redberg hydrogen atom in oscillating electric field；Fig. 3 (b) is that photo-ionisation electronics exists
Two-dimensional electron possibility density distribution curve in detection plane；Fig. 3 (c) is that three-dimensional of the photo-ionisation electronics in detection plane is several
Rate Density Distribution；Fig. 3 (d) is the corresponding photo-ionisation micro-image of Fig. 3 (c).The scale energy ε of Redberg hydrogen atom=-
0.1, electric field frequency ω=0.1 π, detector are located in the plane of z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um.
In Fig. 4: the scale energy ε=- 0.1 of Redberg hydrogen atom, detector are located at z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um's
In plane；The frequency of oscillating electric field is as follows: (a) π of ω=0.01；(b) π of ω=0.02；(c) π of ω=0.03；(d) ω=0.05
π；(e) π of ω=0.07；(f) π of ω=0.09.
In Fig. 5: the scale energy ε=- 0.1 of Redberg hydrogen atom, detector are located at z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um's
In plane.The frequency of oscillating electric field is as follows: (a) π of ω=0.01；(b) π of ω=0.02；(c) π of ω=0.03；(d) ω=0.05
π；(e) π of ω=0.07；(f) π of ω=0.09.
In Fig. 6: the scale energy ε=- 0.1 of Redberg hydrogen atom, detector are located at z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um's
In plane；The frequency of oscillating electric field is as follows: (a) π of ω=0.01；(b) π of ω=0.02；(c) π of ω=0.03；(d) ω=0.05
π；(e) π of ω=0.07；(f) π of ω=0.09.
In Fig. 7: the scale energy ε=- 0.1 of Redberg hydrogen atom, detector are located at z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um's
In plane.The frequency of oscillating electric field is as follows: (a) π of ω=0.01；(b) π of ω=0.02；(c) π of ω=0.03；(d) ω=0.05
π；(e) π of ω=0.07；(f) π of ω=0.09.
In Fig. 8: the frequencies omega of oscillating electric field=0.05 π, detector are located at the plane of z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um
On.The scale energy of Redberg hydrogen atom is as follows: (a) ε=- 0.01；(b) ε=- 0.2；(c) ε=- 0.4；(d) ε=- 0.6；
(e) ε=- 0.8；(f) ε=- 1.0.
In Fig. 9: the frequencies omega of oscillating electric field=0.05 π, detector are located at the plane of z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um
On.The scale energy of Redberg hydrogen atom is as follows: (a) ε=- 0.01；(b) ε=- 0.2；(c) ε=- 0.4；(d) ε=- 0.6；
(e) ε=- 0.8；(f) ε=- 1.0.
In Figure 10: the frequencies omega of oscillating electric field=0.05 π, detector are located at the plane of z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um
On.The scale energy of Redberg hydrogen atom is as follows: (a) ε=- 0.01；(b) ε=- 0.2；(c) ε=- 0.4；(d) ε=- 0.6；
(e) ε=- 0.8；(f) ε=- 1.0.
In Figure 11: the frequencies omega of oscillating electric field=0.05 π, detector are located at the plane of z0=-4.0s.u. ≈ -4.8um
On.The scale energy of Redberg hydrogen atom is as follows: (a) ε=- 0.01；(b) ε=- 0.2；(c) ε=- 0.4；(d) ε=- 0.6；
(e) ε=- 0.8；(f) ε=- 1.0.
In Figure 11: (a) Redberg hydrogen atom reaches three in the farther away detection plane of atomic ratio in oscillating electric field
Tie up possibility density distribution curve.(b) Redberg hydrogen atom is reached in oscillating electric field in the farther away detection plane of atomic ratio
Photo-ionisation micro-imaging figure.The scale energy ε=- 0.01 of Redberg hydrogen atom, frequencies omega=0.05 π of oscillating electric field are visited
Device is surveyed to be located in the plane of z0=-2000.0s.u. ≈ -2.4mm.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the invention.Item in embodiment
Part can be adjusted according to actual conditions are further, to method simple modifications of the invention under concept thereof of the invention
Belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of method for detecting Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging, will be shone first with beam of laser
Hydrogen atom is penetrated, so that outer-shell electron is from ground state transition to highly excited level；Then apply external oscillating electric field, to photo-ionisation electricity
The motion profile of son is regulated and controled, and is found and is reached any all electron trajectories in detection plane；Utilize semi classical method structure
The wave function for making system provides the calculation formula of electronic probability density, finally counts to the probability density of photo-ionisation electronics
It calculates.By changing scale energy, the frequency of oscillating electric field and the position of detection plane of Rydberg atom, clearly light is obtained
The interference pattern of micro-imaging is ionized, realizes the oscillating structure for observing directly electron wave function on a macroscopic scale.
Embodiment 1
S1, hydrogen atom is irradiated with beam of laser, by electronics from ground state transition to highly excited level；
Oscillating electric field outside S2, application, writes out Hamiltonian of the photo-ionisation electronics in oscillating electric field and Coulombian field:
Hamiltonian is carried out to following scale conversion:
Obtain the later Hamiltonian of scale conversion:
In order to eliminate above-mentioned equation in the singularity of origin, parabolic coordinates (u, v) and its conjugate momentum are introduced, is determined
Justice are as follows:
Wherein:
Provide a kind of new scaled time variable:
D τ/dt=1/ (u2+v2) (6)
We obtain actual Hamiltonian are as follows:
H=(u2+v2)(H-ε) (7)
Assuming that ionization electron is with output angle θiEmit from origin:,
θi=tan-1(ρ/z)=2tan-1(v/u) (9)
It is the angle between electronics initial velocity and z-axis forward direction, if h=0 and integrating canonical equations of motion, Wo Menke
To obtain electron trajectory of the ionization electron in oscillating electric field and Coulombian field.
S3, using containing when wave function of the semiclassical theory construction electronics in oscillating electric field.For on detector plane
Any set point M (ρ, z0), there is a plurality of electron trajectory that can reach.For j-th strip track, electron wave function is indicated are as follows:
Wherein, Aj is the amplitude of wave function:
Classical physics amount SjDefinition be
γ=F0 -1/4It is scale factor, λjIt is Maslov index, equal to (number of the extreme point on direction is plus z-axis
The number of intersection point.The purpose for introducing Maslov index is the phase that generates in order to correct the failure due to semiclassical approximation.It arrives
Point M (ρ, a z on up to detector0) at, the wave function ψ of electronicsf(ρ,z0) it is by being reached in detection plane from ion source
All electron trajectories be added:
Set point M (ρ, z in detection plane0) at electronic probability density distribution are as follows:
By above formula as can be seen that electronics possibility density distribution of any in detection plane has two parts: first part
It is classical electron density distribution, second part is probability density caused by the interference for the different classical trajectories for reaching detector
Distribution.
The position of S4, fixed detection plane are z0=4.0s.u. ≈ 4.8um, the mark of Redberg hydrogen atom apart from origin
Spend energy ε=- 0.1, frequencies omega=0.1 π of oscillating electric field.By programming, searches out and reach any movement in detection plane
Track.Fig. 2 gives 6 electron trajectories of the point (ρ=1.0, z=-4.0) in detection plane.
S5, pass through programming, depict the photo-ionisation electricity in the detection plane that origin is z0=4.0s.u. ≈ 4.8um
ρ-θ the distribution curve of son；According to the calculation formula of probability density, the electronic probability density point given in detection plane is calculated
Cloth.It is drawn using origin software, has obtained the interference pattern of the photo-ionisation micro-imaging of Redberg hydrogen atom in detection plane
Sample, as shown in Figure 3.From can be seen that the certain point in detection plane in Fig. 3 (a), there is a plurality of electron trajectory that can reach.
Entire ρ-θ curve can be divided into different regions, be indicated with number 1,2,3 ....In first region, the shadow of oscillating electric field
Very little is rung, the track of electronics is similar to track of the electronics in Coulombian field, parabolically shape.Electron trajectory can be with first motion
Belong to direct track without rotating on ρ-z-plane to detector surface.And in Two Areas, oscillating electric field
Influence starts to show.Before reaching detector plane, electronics will be primary around atom nuclear motion.Between these electron trajectories are
It connects.In third region, electronics will be around atom nuclear motion twice before moving to detector plane.Other regions
Electron trajectory can also be analyzed with similar method.Fig. 3 (b) gives the distribution of the electronic probability density in detection plane.It can
To find out, due to interfering between electron trajectories different in Coulombian field and oscillating electric field, go out in electronic probability density
Oscillating structure is showed.In order to clearly illustrate possibility density distribution of the electronics on detector plane, we calculate detector
Three-dimensional possibility density distribution in plane, as shown in Fig. 3 (c).Fig. 3 (d) corresponds to the photo-ionisation micro-imaging of Fig. 3 (c),
It can be measured in practical photo-ionisation microscope experiment.In electronic probability density distribution, occur a series of bright, same between dark phase
Heart interference ring.Caused by bright ring is the constructive interference as different electron trajectories, and Crape ring is then by between different electron trajectories
Caused by destructive interference.
Embodiment 2
Similar to Example 1, difference is in step 5, the position of fixed detection plane and the scale of Redberg hydrogen atom
Energy, z0=4.0s.u. ≈ 4.8um, the scale energy ε=- 0.1 of Redberg hydrogen atom, changes the frequency of oscillating electric field, real
Now to the regulation of photo-ionisation micro-interference imaging.Assuming that the frequency of oscillating electric field changes between 0.01 π to 0.09 π.Gained knot
Fruit is as shown in figs. 4-7.Fig. 4 gives in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation, reaches the t- ρ distribution curve in detection plane.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that with the increase of oscillating electric field frequency, the photo-ionisation electronics of any in arrival detection plane
Motion profile reduce, and electronics reach detection plane on maximum crash radius reduce.
Fig. 5 gives in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation, and the Two-dimensional electron possibility density distribution in detection plane is bent
Line.It can be seen from the figure that when the frequency very little of oscillating electric field, influence very little of the oscillating electric field to electron motion is reached and is visited
The maximum crash radius surveyed in device plane is larger, and electronic probability density distribution is larger.With the increasing of oscillating electric field frequency
Add, the influence enhancing of oscillating electric field, oscillating electric field will will limit movement of the electronics on ρ-z-plane, reach detector electronics rail
Mark can be reduced, and electronics reaches the maximum crash radius in detection plane and reduces, so as to cause the vibration in electronic probability density
Swing region reduction.
Fig. 6 gives in the electric field of different frequencies of oscillation, and the three-dimensional electronic possibility density distribution in detection plane is bent
Line.Fig. 7 is the micro- image of photo-ionisation corresponding with Fig. 6 item.It can be seen from the figure that occurring in photo-ionisation micro-imaging
A series of concentric cyclic structures, and the increase of the frequency with oscillating electric field, the distribution radius of photo-ionisation micro-imaging
It is gradually reduced.
Embodiment 3
Similar with embodiment 1,2, difference is in step 5, the position of fixed detection plane and the frequency of oscillating electric field,
z0=4.0s.u. ≈ the π of 4.8um, ω=0.05 changes the scale energy of Redberg hydrogen atom, realizes to photo-ionisation micro-interference
The regulation of imaging.Assuming that the scale energy of Redberg hydrogen atom changes between -0.01 to -1.0.Acquired results such as Fig. 8-11
It is shown.Fig. 8 gives when Redberg hydrogen atom takes different scale energy, reaches the photo-ionisation electronics in detection plane
ρ-θ distribution curve.Fig. 9 gives the two-dimentional possibility density distribution that Redberg hydrogen atom reaches detection plane in oscillating electric field
Curve with scale energy variation.Figure 10 and 11 gives Redberg hydrogen atom and reaches the three of detection plane in oscillating electric field
Possibility density distribution curve and photo-ionisation micro-imaging are tieed up with the variation of scale energy.It can be seen from the figure that working as Rydberg
The scale energy ε=- 0.01 of hydrogen atom, when changing frequencies omega=0.05 π of oscillating electric field, photo-ionisation micro-imaging is more clear
It is clear.
Embodiment 4
Similar with embodiment 1,2,3, difference is in step 5, the scale energy ε of fixed Redberg hydrogen atom=-
0.01, oscillating electric field frequencies omega=0.05 π changes the position of detection plane, observes the variation of photo-ionisation micro-image.It will visit
The position for surveying plane is placed on the distance far apart from hydrogen atom, z0=2000.0s.u. ≈ 2.4mm.This distance has reached
Macro-scale has been arrived, can be easy to realize in the lab.As shown in figure 12, our still available comparisons are clearly
The micro- interference pattern of photo-ionisation.
In short, using containing when semiclassical theory, the present invention provides a kind of detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation it is micro- at
The method of picture, and electron probability of the Redberg hydrogen atom in detection plane in oscillating electric field has been obtained by program calculation
Density Distribution.The result shows that: due to reaching interfering between the different electron trajectories of any in detection plane, electronics is several
Occurs a series of oscillating structure in rate Density Distribution, and the oscillating structure of probability density depends on the frequency of oscillating electric field
The position of rate, scale energy and detection plane.Even if detection plane is located at light ionization source apart from far macroscopical distance, light
Ionizing micro- interference pattern can also clearly observe.Therefore, our work provides the Rydberg in oscillating electric field
Research method of the atomic photoelectric from micro-imaging.In this patent, what we chose is Redberg hydrogen atom, because this is former
Son is simplest, only one outer electronics of atomic nucleus, and analysis is relatively easy.However, method used by this patent is general
, it can extend to many electron atoms, such as helium atom, lithium atom etc..Therefore, our research provides one kind experimentally
The method for generating photo-ionisation micro-imaging has very strong novelty.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of detect Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging method, it is characterised in that: this method utilize containing when half warp
Allusion quotation theoretical method, in conjunction with the Classical Motion track of oscillating electric field regulation electronics, by the wave function of semi classical method tectonic system,
And then the interference pattern of photo-ionisation micro-imaging in detection plane is observed, specifically comprise the following steps:
S1, hydrogen atom is irradiated with beam of laser, by electronics from ground state transition to highly excited level, realizes Process of photoionization；
Oscillating electric field outside S2, application, writes out Hamiltonian H of the photo-ionisation electronics in oscillating electric field and Coulombian field, will breathe out
Close amount carries out scale conversion, obtains the later Hamiltonian of scale conversion, in order to solve hamilton canonical equation, needs to eliminate
Equation introduces parabolic coordinates (u, v) and its conjugate momentum in the singularity of origin, while defining a new time variable
Scaled time variable, to obtain actual Hamiltonian h；
S3, assume ionization electron with output angle θiFrom origin emit, by numerical solution containing when hamilton canonical equation, write
Corresponding calculation procedure, electron trajectory of the numerical simulation photo-ionisation electronics in oscillating electric field and Coulombian field, and search out institute
There is the electron trajectory that any is reached in detection plane from origin；
S4, using containing when wave function of the semiclassical theory construction electronics in oscillating electric field, write out the corresponding electricity in j-th strip track
Wavelet function ψj(ρ,z0), the wave function of any set point on detector plane is all electron wave functions for reaching the point
SummationThe phase generated to correct the failure due to semiclassical approximation introduces Maslov
Index λj；
S5, according to the wave function of the S4 electronics provided, the probability for further deriving in detection plane that the electronics of any occurs is close
Degree, provides electronic probability density ψj(ρ,z0) calculation formula；
S6, by detection plane be fixed on apart from origin be 4.8um locate, search out give electronics scale energy and oscillation frequency
Under rate, all electron trajectories of any in detection plane are reached, the ρ-θ curve of the condition of satisfaction is drawn, passes through program calculation
Electronic probability density is distributed out, provides the three-dimensional interference pattern of photo-ionisation micro-imaging；
S7, the frequency for changing oscillating electric field observe the variation of photo-ionisation micro-interference pattern, provide the distribution of electronic probability density
Rule；
S8, the scale energy for changing Rydberg atom observe the variation of photo-ionisation micro-interference pattern, seek electronic probability density
The regularity of distribution, search out the condition that clearly interference pattern is met；
The frequency of S9, the scale energy of fixed Rydberg atom and vibration electric field, change the position of detection plane, so that detection is flat
Identity distance is 2.4mm with a distance from origin, obtains clearly photo-ionisation micro-imaging pattern on a macroscopic scale.
2. the method for detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the S1
In, Rydberg atom chooses relatively simple hydrogen atom, and additional electric field is sinusoidal oscillating electric field.
3. the method for detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the S2
In, effect when photo-ionisation electron synchrotron by Coulomb force and oscillating electric field power, the intensity requirement of oscillating electric field is very strong, thus by electric
Son returns in detection plane.
4. the method for detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the S4
In, for motion profile of the simulation electronic in Coulombian field and oscillating electric field, it is necessary to write corresponding calculation procedure, search out from
Atom sets out, and reaches the motion profile of all photo-ionisation electronics of any in detection plane.
5. the method for detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the S5
In, the variation range of the scale energy of Rydberg atom are as follows: -1.0 < ε < -0.01；The intensity of oscillating electric field are as follows: F=10v/
Cm, the frequency range of oscillating electric field are as follows: 0.01 π < ω <, 0.09 π.
6. the method for detection Rydberg atom photo-ionisation micro-imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the S6
In, distance change range of the detection plane apart from atom are as follows: 4.8 μm of < z0< 2.4mm.
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