CN110292400A - A kind of transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device based on supersonic blood detection guidance - Google Patents

A kind of transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device based on supersonic blood detection guidance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110292400A
CN110292400A CN201910602287.8A CN201910602287A CN110292400A CN 110292400 A CN110292400 A CN 110292400A CN 201910602287 A CN201910602287 A CN 201910602287A CN 110292400 A CN110292400 A CN 110292400A
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China
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ultrasonic
transnaso
hypophysoma
doppler
positioning device
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CN201910602287.8A
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CN110292400B (en
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郑音飞
姚磊
闫伟
吴德林
高申平
李超
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Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology
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Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/06—Measuring blood flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
    • A61B8/085—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating body or organic structures, e.g. tumours, calculi, blood vessels, nodules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
    • A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
    • A61B8/4455—Features of the external shape of the probe, e.g. ergonomic aspects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
    • A61B8/4483—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
    • A61B8/4483—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
    • A61B8/4488—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer the transducer being a phased array
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B8/488—Diagnostic techniques involving Doppler signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A61B2090/378—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound
    • A61B2090/3782—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound transmitter or receiver in catheter or minimal invasive instrument
    • A61B2090/3784—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound transmitter or receiver in catheter or minimal invasive instrument both receiver and transmitter being in the instrument or receiver being also transmitter

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning devices based on supersonic blood detection guidance, the present invention is made of phased array supersonic Doppler's transducer and ultrasonic host, the ultrasonic host includes central control processing unit, transmitting/receiving circuit module and image display module, and the ultrasonic Doppler transducer includes piezoelectric unit, emission amplifier and reception amplifier.The present invention uses phased-array technique, different delayed time processing is carried out to the signal that the array in energy converter is output and input, by calculating the information such as tissue distance, vessel depth and Doppler frequency shift amount under obtaining at directional bearing and showing in the form of images, without mechanically rotating energy converter, improving the efficiency of blood vessel detection and avoiding the unexpected injury that may cause in surgical procedure.

Description

A kind of transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device based on supersonic blood detection guidance
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical instruments field, specially a kind of transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma based on supersonic blood detection guidance is fixed Position device.
Background technique
Hypophysoma is the common neurosurgery benign tumour of encephalic, and it is swollen to be only second to neural epidermis for morbidity in intracranial tumors Tumor and meningioma account for about the 10% of whole intracranial tumors.The treatment of hypophysoma mainly includes operative treatment, radiotherapy and drug Treatment.Though radiotherapy can obtain certain curative effect, since radiotheraphy secondary reaction is larger, drug therapy is also only as operation and radiotherapy Householder method.At present to the treatment of hypophysoma still with operation based on, be aided with drug therapy, radiotherapy.
With the development of minimal invasive techniques, transnaso-sphenoidal approach resection operation becomes the treatment most common Minimally Invasive Surgery side of hypophysoma at present Method.It is the Minimally Invasive Surgery carried out by nasal endoscopes, and it is excellent to have that operating time is short, wound is small, few intercurrent disease, post-operative recovery are fast etc. Point.But in transnaso-sphenoidal approach pituitary tumor surgery, injury of blood vessel is potential catastrophic complication in neck, should be paid attention at any time in art Keep center approach can not deviation, instrumentation is maintained at the visible state that gets a clear view at any time, in order to avoid accidentally injure blood vessel in neck, because It needs to detect blood vessel.
Ultrasonic Doppler technique is generallyd use at present to detect blood vessel in neck.Ultrasonic transducer issues ultrasonic wave letter Number, it propagates, is traveled at the erythrocyte of movement towards the red blood cell flowed in blood vessel, sound wave generates a Doppler frequency shift fd； The reflected ultrasonic signal of red blood cell through moving reflexes to receiving transducer, and the ultrasonic wave being connected to generates primary new frequency again Move fd, therefore total frequency shift amount Δ f=2fd(f, c, v, θ are respectively supersonic frequency, the velocity of sound, Hemodynamic environment to=2fv/ccos θ Angle between degree, doppler beam and blood flow direction).Doppler's frequency that more common supersonic frequency generates in tissue Just in the sharp auditory receptive region of human ear, the doppler shifted signal of amplification has shifting amount for driving audio tweeter The doctor of experience can obtain valuable clinical diagnosis information.
As described above, the doppler shifted signal of transsphenoidal surgery process medium vessels is through played from audio speakers.If only There are faint or flow without the sense of hearing, then mechanical rotation energy converter is needed, the folder between doppler beam and blood flow direction is changed Angle θ is in frequency shift amount Δ f in human ear audio range.In most cases, the blood flow sound of blood vessel will become bright It is aobvious.Then energy converter is moved up and down, to judge blood vessel in the trend upwardly extended along its side.
By nasal cavity, this narrow operation path needs ultrasonic Doppler transducer mechanically to be rotated or moved, no The efficiency for only detecting blood vessel substantially reduces, and can only detect every time to the small range region that probe radiating surface is covered, and And patient's schneiderian membrance bleeding due to trauma is easily caused, or even cause the accidental injury to blood vessel in neck.
In addition, Doppler signal largely depends on the experience of doctor to the detection of transsphenoidal surgery blood vessel.It is different People audio range it is different, to the perception of sound frequency also difference, this brings biggish to the detection of blood vessel It is uncertain.Ultrasonic frequency is very high in minimal invasive surgical procedures, can reach 20MHz, resulting excessively high Doppler sometimes Frequency shift amount may make audio tweeter is more difficult to reveal, the auditory receptive region beyond doctor.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the supersonic blood detection systems based on phased-array technique System, can in real-time display surgical procedure under each orientation blood vessel distribution and blood flow velocity, greatly facilitate transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysis Detection during resection of the tumor to patient vessel.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is made of phased array supersonic Doppler's transducer and ultrasonic host, and described is super Sound host includes central control processing unit, transmitting/receiving circuit module and image display module, and the ultrasonic Doppler changes Energy device includes piezoelectric unit, emission amplifier and reception amplifier.
Further, the ultrasonic Doppler transducer is encapsulated in elongated shell, and shell is a kind of nichrome material Material, there is certain intensity and plasticity, intensity 150Mpa~200Mpa, and elongation percentage is greater than 10%.Long 10cm~the 25cm of energy converter, it is horizontal Cross-sectional outer diameter 2mm~4mm, after the energy converter sterilization processing of elongated flexible can via intranasal application extend in cranial cavity and detected.Energy converter Frequency bandwidth is 5MHz~20MHz, considers size and the interval of array element, array element quantity is generally between 2~48.
The piezoelectric unit of energy converter is array structure, and the piezoelectric chip array element comprising several regular distributions, each array element can It works independently.Apply the pumping signal of different delayed time to array element, array can control to emit signal toward required orientation；Array element is received Signal carry out different delayed time processing, can control some orientation of array directional reception signal.
Further, the multi-pass that the central control processing unit in the ultrasonic host exports ultrasonic Doppler transducer Road signal is handled, be calculated the distance of tissue under each orientation, the depth of blood vessel (blood vessel to tissue surface away from From), Doppler frequency shift amount and blood flow velocity.
Preferably, the display module of the ultrasonic host, includes the blood vessel distance under each orientation, ultrasonic Doppler frequency displacement Amount, blood flowing speed information, perform image display output.
It is an advantage of the invention that controlling ultrasonic Doppler transducer directionally to transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma by phased-array technique Inadvertent closure medium vessels are detected, and the distance of blood vessel under each orientation, Doppler frequency shift amount and blood flow velocity are obtained, can The location distribution information for efficiently grasping blood vessel, also reduces the unexpected injury by probe mechanical movement to surgical procedure.Pass through Image output display is carried out to the information of detection blood vessel, and is not limited to played from audio speakers acoustical signal, it is right before overcoming The dependence of operator's experience improves the accuracy of the detection of blood vessel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is supersonic blood detection system block diagram；
Fig. 2 is energy converter piezoelectric chip sectional view；
Fig. 3 is ultrasonic Doppler transducer encapsulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is ultrasonic Doppler transducer directional detection schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is supersonic blood detection system display schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Fig. 1 gives the structural block diagram of the supersonic blood detection system in transnaso-sphenoidal approach resection of pituitary tumor surgical procedure, includes Ultrasonic Doppler transducer 1 and ultrasonic host 2, wherein ultrasonic Doppler transducer 1 is by piezoelectric unit 10,11 and of emission amplifier Reception amplifier 12 is constituted, and ultrasonic host 2 is by transmitting/receiving circuit module 21, central processing unit 22 and image display 23 are constituted.Transmitting/receiving circuit module 21 is made of frequency oscillator 211, time delay unit 212,213.
As shown in Fig. 2, the ultrasonic Doppler transducer piezoelectric unit 10 in the present embodiment includes the pressure of several regular distributions Electric chip array element 101, the 101 acoustic-electric isolation of each piezoelectric chip array element.101 material of piezoelectricity array element can be used monocrystalline piezoelectric material, Piezo-electricity composite material and piezoelectric film material.Piezoelectric unit 10 is encapsulated in the structural schematic diagram of probe as shown in figure 3, energy converter Shell 13 is elongated flexible material, and conducting wire 14 is connected to ultrasonic host 2.
According to Fig. 1, it provides and determining for transnaso-sphenoidal approach resection of pituitary tumor surgical procedure medium vessels is realized based on phased-array technique To detection process.Firstly, setting ultrasonic Doppler transducer needs the target direction of directed radiation sound wave, by central processing unit The 22 coordinate information calculating being distributed according to piezoelectric chip array element 101 each in the target direction of setting, piezoelectric unit 10 need to be applied to The time delay τ of each piezoelectric chip array element 1011、τ2、τ3……τn(number that n is piezoelectric chip array element 101), and the time is prolonged Slow unit 212 is set.
Ultrasonic 2 frequency oscillation device 211 of host generates the pulse signal s1 that multichannel centre frequency is f, through time delay list First 212 delay process, as shown in figure 4, amplifying each road signal into ultrasonic Doppler transducer 1 by emission amplifier 11 and swashing The vibration of piezoelectric chip array element 101 is encouraged, energy converter radiates ultrasonic wave into tissue, the acoustic beam oriented toward the radiation of the direction P is formed, It is θ with transducer axes deflection angle0.And the delay time Δ τ of two adjacent piezoelectric chip array elements 101 is calculated according to following formula
Wherein d indicates the spacing of adjacent two piezoelectric chips array element 101, θ0Indicate the folder of radiation acoustic beam and ultrasonic transducer axis Angle, c are the velocity of sound in tissue.
After the acoustic beam in the direction direction P encounters blood vessel or other interfaces, the scattered signal of generation is back to ultrasonic transducer 1, 101 ultrasonic signals received of each piezoelectric chip array element in energy converter are converted to electric signal output.The electric signal of output passes through Reception amplifier 12 amplifies, and after the time delay that tries again, and it is s2 signal that these signals are converged into together, at this time ultrasonic transduction Device shows as selectively receiving the wave in the direction P.
Central processing unit 22 in ultrasonic host 2 handles the Doppler signal received, obtains blood vessel detection Information.Frequency demodulation is done to Doppler signal, obtains Doppler frequency shift amount Δ f, the speed of blood flow is by v=c Δ f/ (2f Cos θ) it is calculated.It is generally acknowledged that Doppler frequency shift amount Δ f or blood flow velocity v are zero, there is no vascular distribution under the orientation, this When show as receive signal s2 there was only primary reflection s21, to transmitting signal s1, receive signal s21 do relevant treatment, obtain arteries and veins Rush the time difference Δ t of signal s1 and s211, then the distance of tissue to ultrasonic transducer can be represented by the formula:
R1=c1·Δt1/ 2, wherein c1The velocity of sound for being ultrasonic wave in tissue fluid.
If Doppler frequency shift amount Δ f or blood flow velocity v are not zero, then it is assumed that have blood vessel under the orientation, show as receiving letter Number s2 has back wave s21, s21 twice, obtains the time difference Δ t of pulse signal s21 and s222, then the depth of blood vessel can use following formula It indicates
R2=c Δ t2/2。
It handles signal is received, obtains the blood flow velocity of Doppler frequency shift amount and blood vessel.
The processing of central processing unit 22 is obtained in θ0The tissue distance of blood vessel detection, vessel depth, Doppler's frequency under orientation After shifting amount, blood flowing speed information, it is transmitted to real-time display in image display module 23 and exports, as shown in Figure 5.In subsequent operation In, the phase of each road pumping signal of ultrasonic transducer 1 is entered by changing, blood vessel is visited at other required orientation It surveys, vascular distribution information can be grasped in the course of surgery without mechanical rotation or mobile ultrasonic Doppler probe.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device based on supersonic blood detection guidance, by phased array supersonic Doppler's transducer It is constituted with ultrasonic host, the ultrasonic host includes central control processing unit, transmitting/receiving circuit module and graphical display Module, the ultrasonic Doppler transducer include piezoelectric unit, emission amplifier and reception amplifier, it is characterised in that:
The ultrasonic Doppler transducer is encapsulated in elongated shell, and shell uses alloy material, ultrasonic Doppler transducer After sterilization processing can via intranasal application extend in cranial cavity and detected；
Wherein the piezoelectric unit of ultrasonic Doppler transducer be array structure, the piezoelectric chip array element comprising several regular distributions, Each array element can work independently；Apply the pumping signal of different delayed time to array element, array can control to emit signal toward required orientation； The processing of different delayed time is carried out to array element received signal, can control the signal in some orientation of array directional reception；
At the multi channel signals that central control processing unit in the ultrasound host exports ultrasonic Doppler transducer Tissue distance, vessel depth and blood flow velocity under each orientation is calculated in reason.
2. transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the alloy material is nickel chromium triangle conjunction Golden material, intensity are 150Mpa~200Mpa, and elongation percentage is greater than 10%.
3. transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The ultrasonic Doppler transducer frequency bandwidth is 5MHz~20MHz.
4. transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the piezoelectric chip array number Amount is between 2~48, and acoustic-electric is isolated between array element.
5. transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tissue distance use with Lower formula is calculated:
R1=c1·Δt1/2
Wherein c1The velocity of sound for being ultrasonic wave in tissue fluid, Δ t1For the time difference of transmitting signal and reception signal.
6. transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vessel depth use with Lower formula is calculated:
R2=c Δ t2/2
Wherein c is the velocity of sound of ultrasonic wave in the tissue, Δ t2For the time difference for receiving back wave twice in signal.
7. transnaso-sphenoidal approach hypophysoma positioning device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blood flow velocity use with Lower formula is calculated:
V=c Δ f/ (2fcos θ)
Wherein c is the velocity of sound of ultrasonic wave in the tissue, and Δ f is Doppler frequency shift amount, and θ is between doppler beam and blood flow direction Angle, f is ultrasonic frequency.
8. transnaso-sphenoidal approach resection of pituitary tumor device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the figure in the ultrasound host Display module will be performed image display comprising the blood vessel distance under each orientation, ultrasonic Doppler frequency shift amount, blood flowing speed information Output.
CN201910602287.8A 2019-07-05 2019-07-05 Intranasal pituitary adenoma positioning device based on ultrasonic blood flow detection and guidance Active CN110292400B (en)

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CN116458925A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-07-21 山东百多安医疗器械股份有限公司 Portable non-blind area multi-mode ultrasonic electrocardio system

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