CN110291715A - Motor driver - Google Patents
Motor driver Download PDFInfo
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- CN110291715A CN110291715A CN201780086357.8A CN201780086357A CN110291715A CN 110291715 A CN110291715 A CN 110291715A CN 201780086357 A CN201780086357 A CN 201780086357A CN 110291715 A CN110291715 A CN 110291715A
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor switch
- switch
- motor driver
- semiconductor
- link
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P29/027—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an over-current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
- H02H3/162—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems
- H02H3/165—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems for three-phase systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
- H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
- H02H7/0838—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements with H-bridge circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
- H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of motor drivers (10) including rectifier bridge (12), rectifier bridge (12) is connected to DC link (16), DC link (16) is connected to the inverter bridge mutually exported, mutually output is configured to connect to elevator motor, and the drive control device (42) of the semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of control inverter bridge, inverter bridge has the anode for being connected to DC link (16), the semiconductor-on-insulator of upside switchs (30a-30c) and is connected to the cathode of DC link (16), the lower semiconductor of downside switchs (30d-30f), it is no desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c that semiconductor-on-insulator, which switchs (30a-30f), 42) semiconductor switch (30a-30f), and lower semiconductor switch (30 It a-30c) include desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c, 42), or vice versa, drive control device (42) includes ground fault control circuit, it is configured as establishing ground fault test, including desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c, each of 42) individual semiconductor switch (30a-30f) is primary within period testing time only switches one, wherein ground fault control circuit is configured as only not resulting in the desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c of one of semiconductor switch (30d-30f) in ground fault test, 42) when tripping, just enable the starting of motor driver (10).
Description
In the motor driver for passenger conveyors (for example, elevator, escalator, mobile slope or movable sidewalk)
Or in frequency converter, it is in demand for providing motor earth-fault protection.Motor ground fault means one or more motors
Winding or its input grounding.Such ground fault should be detected, it is special to prevent excessive electric current from flowing through and damage any component
It is not the semiconductor switch for damaging inverter bridge.A possibility that ground fault or fault to ground occur during invertor operation is very
It is small, but the failure is likely to occur when power source during installation.Therefore, in most cases, opened when in frequency converter
Ground fault is detected when connection main power source during dynamic, the stream of earth-fault current is then prevented by using some switch elements
It is dynamic just enough.
Phase fault between motor output ground fault and machine winding or input may cause excessive electric current stream
It crosses the semiconductor of inverter bridge and leads to the permanent damage of semiconductor switch.Therefore, it detects and interrupts by ground fault or alternate
The device of electric current caused by short circuit is preferred.
There are several different methods that can provide the ground fault and phase fault protection of inverter motor output.Substantially
On, it is known that method be in some way measure inverter bridge in electric current and its be more than predetermined value when interrupt it.Usually pass through
The switch element of inverter bridge is controlled to off state to the interruption for completing electric current.These semiconductor switch are usually for example
The semiconductor switch of IGBT, silicon MOSFET, silicon carbide MOSFET or equivalent switch etc.
Current measurement can be completed from several positions in motor driver, for example, each semiconductor switch of inverter bridge
Series connection in and/or at mutually output.
Current measurement directly from output phase is advantageous, because the information is also other than switching overcurrent protection
It can be used for current of electric control purpose.Current measurement device can be such as Hall current sensor, in route to be measured and
Electrical isolation is also provided between measuring circuit.
In addition, shunt resistance can be used for current measurement, but the solution need additional circuit provide mutually output and
Electrical isolation between controller.Isolation can for example, by based on photo-coupler isolated amplifier or some other isolation skills
Art is completed.The current measurement techniques of electrical isolation in need response time it is often relatively slow, and bandwidth ratio do not need every
From solution want small.Slower response means these technologies not necessarily for protecting semiconductor switch from overcurrent thing
The influence of part.
As manufacturer tends to increase its current density and therefore reduces cost, die size becomes at any time
It is smaller and smaller.However, the disadvantage is that their short circuit current rated value accordingly decreases.This means that must be in several milliseconds very
Short circuit current is interrupted fastly.Otherwise switch will be burned.Therefore, when using hall effect current sensor (or other slow-responses
Technology) when providing current information to drive control device, it is necessary to it realizes and the additional measurement of quick overcurrent protection is provided.This can be with
It is completed by the gate drivers protected with desaturation or for the overcurrent comparator of measuring shunt.Desaturation protection meaning
Taste gate drivers itself can by sensing collector to emitter voltage come detection of excessive current event simultaneously interruptive current.
Current interruptions are conducive to decline gate emitter voltage slowly, so that " soft " shutdown of IGBT, to avoid by the height in circuit
High voltage spike between collector and emitter caused by di/dt and leakage inductance.It is this that there is desaturation protection and soft switching
The gate drivers cost of function is very high.In addition, upper side driver must have electrical isolation.If motor driver is with direct current
(DC) link is reference, then low side driver need not have isolation.If motor driver is referenced to ground, high side and downside
Driver must be isolated.
A kind of solution for earth-fault protection is disclosed in US 9,296,589.However, in the known solution
Certainly in scheme, it is impossible to which detection is inputted from driver and switched by active line bridge semiconductor-on-insulator and by the upper of inverter bridge
Semiconductor switch flow to the earth-fault current of output and ground.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of motor drivers, can detect motor driver with seldom hardware consumption
Motor side more kinds of ground faults.
Using according to claim 1 or 7 motor driver solves above-mentioned purpose.Utilize according to claim 13 or 15
Method further solve the purpose.The preferred embodiment of the present invention is the theme of dependent claims.Of the invention is preferred
Embodiment also describes in specification part and attached drawing.
According to the present invention, motor driver includes rectifier bridge, and one side is connected to exchange (AC) power supply, and the other side is connected to
DC link.DC link connection is to inverter bridge, and the inverter bridge is with the mutually output for being configured to connect to elevator motor.In addition, electric
Machine driver includes the drive control device for controlling the semiconductor switch of inverter bridge.Inverter bridge itself, which has, is being connected to DC link just
The semiconductor-on-insulator of the upside of pole switchs and is connected to the lower semiconductor switch of the downside of the cathode of DC link.
Semiconductor-on-insulator switch is the semiconductor switch of no desaturation and/or overcurrent protection, and lower semiconductor switch packet
Desaturation and/or overcurrent protection are included, vice versa.Drive control device includes ground fault control circuit, is configured as building
Vertical ground fault test, including the individual semiconductor of each of desaturation and/or overcurrent protection in period testing time
It is interior it is primary only switch one, therefore, ground fault control circuit is configured as only not resulting in ground fault test and related partly lead
When the desaturation and/or overcurrent protection of one of body switch trip, the starting of motor driver is just enabled.
This solution offers a kind of motor driver with ground fault protection circuit, which can be in dynamic
In the case of detect motor ground fault, without adding the expensive upside gate driving with desaturation protection or shunt resistance
Device.By the way that desaturation detection circuit to be only added to the downside semiconductor switch of inverter bridge, desaturation inspection can be inexpensively carried out
It surveys.
It is an advantage of the invention that the small addition cost in the kit form with earth-fault protection and short-circuit protection.?
In the present invention, do not need to combine the upper half for inverter bridge to lead using the expensive gate drivers with desaturation protection feature
Body switch is galvanically isolated.It can also avoid using third current sensor in third motor phase, and allow sensor
Response time is slower, to reduce the totle drilling cost of current of electric sensing.
According to the present invention, desaturation detector is only integrated into the downside igbt transistor of inverter bridge.This details is very
It is cost-efficient, especially because the control circuit (dsp processor) of semiconductor switch, especially igbt transistor, coupling
To the negative DC bus of DC link, therefore downside semiconductor switch does not need to be galvanically isolated (such as optoisolator).Desaturation detector
It may not also be the independent assembly of the driving circuit of downside semiconductor switch, but the dsp processor for controlling low side transistors (drives
Movement controller) there may also be measurement to input, the collector on downside semiconductor switch is read to emitter voltage, and is determined
Desaturation condition.This is that cost-effectiveness is available, because dsp processor is directly coupled to downside semiconductor switch, without appointing
What is galvanically isolated.Certainly, collector emitter voltage is very high, and it is therefore preferred to need attenuator amplifier by voltage electricity
It is flat to drop below 5 volts from several hectovolts, it is inputted with being measured for the A/D converter of dsp processor.This can substantially pass through certain
Simple resistor network is planted to complete, therefore very cost efficient.
Motor driver of the invention has inverter, which has inversion bridge control circuit or drive control device,
It is advantageously reference with dc link cathode.Inversion bridge control circuit can be separated or be integrated with drive control device.Therefore,
The driver of lower semiconductor switch does not need electrical isolation, and (upside) driver of semiconductor-on-insulator switch only needs functionality
Isolation, without the isolation of enhancing.The upper side driver of semiconductor switch is basic drive, without desaturation or other mistakes
Current protection.The current measurement of drive control device is equipped with current sensor preferably in two output phasies.In no ground connection electricity
In the case where stream flowing, the electric current in third phase can be calculated by drive control device.At side switch, exist based on sensing
Collector to emitter voltage overcurrent protection (that is, desaturation detection).This can pass through the grid with desaturation protection
Driver or other control circuits (such as comparator built in DSP) are completed.
Before normal elevator driving circulation starts, controller carries out special ground fault and short-circuit test.The survey
Examination includes the specific on off sequence of inverter bridge side switch.Side switch is controlled as in bursts period (such as several milliseconds)
It switchs one at a time in the conductive state.In the case where ground fault at any motor output, desaturation can detecte
Tripping and failure.Preferably, drive control device is reference with the cathode of DC link, and lower semiconductor switch includes desaturation
And/or overcurrent protection.The solution provides protection with least hardware consumption.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the desaturation of semiconductor switch and/or overcurrent protection by they
Gate drivers are realized.The solution is cheap and the motor driver that is not related in desaturation protection task.
Alternatively, the desaturation of semiconductor switch and/or overcurrent protection can be realized by drive control device, so that
It can be arranged and monitor all relevant parameters in conjunction with drive control device.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the input of rectifier bridge include in response to semiconductor switch desaturation and/or
The tripping of overcurrent protection and/or the contactor controlled in response to current sensor signal.Therefore, motor driver can be with
Effectively disconnect with AC power supplies to prevent from bringing into operation.It on the other hand, can also be in no machinery in some other embodiments
Motor driver of the invention is realized in the case where contactor.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, semiconductor-on-insulator switch is partly leading for no desaturation and/or overcurrent protection
Body switch, and lower semiconductor switch includes desaturation and/or overcurrent protection.The solution very cost efficient, and easily
In implementation.
Preferably, period testing time, the time cycle was selected enough to short between 1 to 20 microseconds, so that surveying
Any ground fault will not result in the deterioration of corresponding semiconductor switch during the examination period.Therefore, by select it is short enough come
Detection ground fault but the test period for avoiding corresponding to the missing of semiconductor, test can be highly effective.
In this connection it should be mentioned that usual motor driver has three-phase, so that if within period testing time
Switch all three lower semiconductors or semiconductor-on-insulator with desaturation and/or overcurrent protection, then terminates ground fault test.
In the another aspect of the present invention for preventing phase fault, motor driver includes rectifier bridge, the rectification
Bridging is connected to DC link, and for the DC link connection to having the inverter bridge mutually exported, this, which is mutually exported, is configured to connect to elevator electricity
Machine.Motor driver further includes the drive control device for controlling the semiconductor switch of inverter bridge.Inverter bridge, which has, is connected to DC link
Anode upper inverter side semiconductor-on-insulator switch and be connected to the lower semiconductor of lower inverter side of cathode of DC link and open
It closes.The semiconductor switch of inverter bridge is controlled by drive control device, which includes phase fault control circuit, the circuit
Be configured as establishing phase fault test and motor driver include it is in at least two phases output of inverter bridge and/or
With the concatenated current sensor of all semiconductor switch of inverter bridge, the phase fault control circuit quilt that wherein phase fault is tested
It is configured to execute following steps:
- control a semiconductor switch of a phase and upside or downside as on state within the specific time period,
And
- during the specific time period, inverter bridge it is different mutually and the semiconductor of not ipsilateral (lower or on) is short
On state is controlled as in pulse period, which is preferably shorter than the specific time period, when thus this is specific
Between the period it is at least partly Chong Die with the bursts period.
Phase fault control circuit includes comparator, and the increase of sensor signal and at least one threshold value are compared
Compared with phase fault control circuit is configured as control switch element at least to disable the inverter bridge of motor driver.
Using the solution, to be realized with a low cost effective phase fault detection.
Preferably, switch element is the contactor of motor driver and/or the semiconductor switch of inverter bridge.
Preferably, the special time period is between 10 to 30 milliseconds (ms), and long enough is to check another bridge side and its
Two semiconductor switch of his phase.Bursts period is arranged between 10 to 100 microseconds (μ s) to assess current signal increase, and
And the damage to prevent semiconductor switch short enough.
It preferably, is threshold value U*dt/L for the increased threshold value of current signal, wherein U is DC link voltage and L is electricity
Electromechanics sense.DL link voltage 560 volts (V) between 650V and motor inductances be 2 milihenries (mH) motor in, the value is about
For 28 peaces (A).Therefore, the preferred scope of threshold value di 20 between 35A, preferably 25 between 30A.The value allows
It is explicitly distinguished between the normal increase of current signal and phase fault situation.
Preferably, semiconductor switch is IGBT or mosfet transistor, is reliable in this motor driver.
The invention further relates to a kind of method for driving elevator motor using motor driver, the motors
Driver includes rectifier bridge, which is connected to DC link, and for the DC link connection to having the inverter bridge mutually exported, this is mutually defeated
It is connected to elevator motor out, and controls the drive control device of the semiconductor switch of the inverter bridge.Inverter bridge, which has, is connected to DC
Link anode upside semiconductor-on-insulator switch and be connected to DC link cathode downside lower semiconductor switch, thus on
Semiconductor switch is the semiconductor switch of no desaturation and/or overcurrent protection, and lower semiconductor switch include desaturation and/
Or overcurrent protection, or vice versa.Before elevator motor is put into operation, preferably after elevator maintenance is installed, into
Row ground fault test, wherein each lower semiconductor individually including desaturation and/or overcurrent protection is in week testing time
Primary in phase only to switch one, therefore, ground fault control circuit does not only result in any of these semiconductors in ground fault test
Desaturation and/or overcurrent protection tripping when, just enable motor driver starting.About feature of the invention and excellent
Point, with reference to the foregoing description of motor driver of the invention.This method provides economic ground fault test.
The invention further relates to a kind of method using motor driver, which includes rectifier bridge, the rectifier bridge
It is connected to DC link, to having the inverter bridge mutually exported, this mutually exports and is connected to elevator motor the DC link connection, and control
The drive control device of the semiconductor switch of the inverter bridge.The inverter bridge has every phase the upside for the anode for being connected to DC link
Semiconductor-on-insulator switch, and for every phase have be connected to DC link cathode downside lower semiconductor switch, Yi Ji
Inverter bridge at least two phases output in and/or with the concatenated current sensor of all semiconductor switch.
This method provides the cycle tests for verifying phase fault, wherein holding before elevator motor is enabled operation
Row follows the cycle tests of following steps sequence:
- control a semiconductor of a phase and upside or downside as on state within the specific time period, and
- during the specific time period, by the semiconductor of different phases and not ipsilateral (lower or on) in short pulse week
On state is controlled as in phase, to generate very narrow pulse,
- sensor signal assessed according to the increment rate of the sensor signal of at least one current sensor, thus
- be compared increment rate at least one threshold value, if it exceeds the threshold, then start secure measure is to prevent electricity
Machine starting.
Cycle tests through the invention realizes phase fault detection.Thus, for example, by one within the specific time period
Semiconductor-on-insulator switch control is on state, is then conducting by out of phase lower semiconductor switch control in bursts period
Whether state is natural grade property or very fast increase with the electric current increase checked in winding.Motor stator impedance is drawn
It plays the slow electric current of nature to increase, and quicklys increase and will be diagnosed as phase fault.If not detecting failure, controlled half
Conductor switch becomes another phase.The example of the gate driving sequence of two tests is as shown in Figure 3.If detecting failure, electricity
Stream can be interrupted by side switch, because being easier to realize soft switching (slow grid capacitance electric discharge) there.
Preferably, the specific time period is set 10 between 30ms by the specific time period.Preferably, short pulse week
Phase is arranged between 10 to 100 μ s.Preferably, threshold value is 20 between 35A.
In advantageous embodiment of the invention, before elevator motor is enabled operation, out of phase semiconductor-on-insulator is utilized
Carry out retest sequence with all possible combinations of lower semiconductor.Pass through this measure, it is ensured that start Shi Bucun in motor operation
Phase fault between any phase.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, semiconductor switch is igbt transistor.These transistors and electricity of the invention
It is very reliable that machine driver or frequency converter, which combine, and is adapted to together with corresponding desaturation and/or overcurrent protection,
It is tested with executing by the quick and reliable ground fault that ground fault control circuit originates.
Preferably, the ground fault test originated by ground fault control circuit is only opened when based on hardware exchange elevator
Begin.In general, ground fault can be generated during installing or safeguarding elevator.Therefore, only first time install after or safeguard it
Before elevator comes into operation afterwards, the inspection to ground fault is just carried out.
Preferably, drive control device is with the extremely reference of DC link, the semiconductor including desaturation and/or overcurrent protection
Switch is located at the pole.If these are lower semiconductors, drive control device is reference with the cathode of DC link.If upper half is led
Body switch includes desaturation and/or overcurrent protection, then drive control device is with the positive reference of DC link.Preferably, with DC
The cathode of link is reference.
If elevator motor is mutually isolated from each other, due to the magnetoimpedance of machine winding, the switching of the winding between two-phase
It would always result in being slowly increased for current signal.When short circuit occurring only between any machine winding, it just will appear and sharply increase
Add.Therefore, this method allows to be effectively tested phase fault, to avoid any damage of machine winding or semiconductor switch.
It is controlled via the short pulse of one of semiconductor, it is ensured that generated electric current cannot burn semiconductor switch or electrical-coil.It must
It must should be mentioned that, according to another method, this phase fault test can also be provided independently of ground fault test.When
So, phase fault is repeated using all possible combinations of semiconductor-on-insulator and lower semiconductor.Via this measure, electricity can be checked
Phase fault between any phase of terraced motor.
Certainly, the above method can execute in any embodiment of motor driver as described above.Otherwise also
So, any embodiment of motor driver of the invention is able to carry out any of above method, so that method and apparatus claim
Corresponding method and device characteristic can combine can support one another it is any.It is apparent to those skilled in the art
It is that above-described embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with each other.
In order to work normally Earth Fault Detection of the invention, advantageously, the input side of rectifier should be directly connected to
AC power supplies, alternatively, the secondary windings of transformer is answered if using additional isolating transformer between AC power supplies and rectifier bridge
This is ground connection or otherwise referenced to ground.
Following term in the application is used as synonym: frequency converter-motor driver；Drive control device-motor control
Device；Semiconductor-on-insulator driver-high-side driver；Lower semiconductor driver-low side driver；Dsp processor-drive control
Device；Ground fault-fault to ground；
For a person skilled in the art it is clear that the component of motor driver, especially drive control device, can integrate
In motor driver, or it can be placed on different positions, such as connect with electric life controller.The driver of semiconductor can
To be integrated in drive control device or be separated with drive control device.
The present invention is described below by way of the exemplary embodiment in conjunction with attached drawing.In these figures:
Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of the motor driver including ground fault detection circuit,
Fig. 2A is the substitution inverter components according to the motor driver of Fig. 1, wherein the IGBT desaturation of semiconductor switch
Protection realized with gate drivers,
Fig. 2 B is according to the inverter components of the motor driver of Fig. 1, and drive control device is used in wherein IGBT desaturation protection
It realizes, and
Fig. 3 is the pulse mode of Earth Fault Detection and phase fault detection.
Fig. 1 shows motor driver or frequency converter 10 of the invention, has and corresponds to traditional public three-phase AC confession
The three-phase UVW of electric network.
Frequency converter 10 includes the rectifier bridge 12 formed by controlled semiconductor switches 14a-14f.In the outlet side of rectifier bridge 12,
DC link 16 is connected with smoothing capacity device 22 between anode 18 and cathode 20 with anode 18 and cathode 20.DC link 16
It is connect with inverter bridge 24, inverter bridge 24 includes being connected to the upper bridge side 26 of the anode 18 of DC link and being connected to DC link 16
The side Xia Qiao 28 of cathode 20.In upper bridge side 26, there are three semiconductor switch 30a, 30b and 30c, every pole one is switched, and under
Bridge side 28 includes three lower semiconductor switches 30d, 30e, 30f, every phase one switch.Optionally, for each of inverter bridge 24
Semiconductor switch 30a-30f, current sensor 32a-f are connected in series.Optionally, in addition, for inverter bridge 24 and elevator electricity
In the three-phase output 34,36,38 of the connection of machine, mutually exports current sensor 40a-c and be located therein.The lower semiconductor of inverter bridge 24
30d-30f has the desaturation or excess current control realized by drive control device 42, and drive control device 42 at least controls inverter bridge
24 semiconductor 30a-30f is controlled via the individual gate drivers of each lower semiconductor switch 30d-30f.Rectifier bridge
12 input includes the contactor 44 controlled by drive control device 42.Smooth electricity is connected between contactor 44 and rectifier bridge 12
Road 43.
Frequency converter 10 of the invention works as follows.Before frequency converter puts into operation, drive control device 42 executes ground connection event
Barrier test and phase fault test.
Firstly, drive control device 42 is closed contactor 44, so that rectifier bridge 12 is connected to AC power supplies u, v, w.Allowing electricity
Before the starting of machine driver 10 (i.e. operation elevator motor rotation), ground fault test is first carried out.For this purpose, lower semiconductor
30d, 30e, 30f (primary only one semiconductor) switch within period testing time, period testing time be so short that enough as
Fruit should have the ground fault of corresponding phase without damaging corresponding semiconductor.Ground fault will immediately result in corresponding semiconductor
Desaturation or overcurrent protection tripping.Therefore, period testing time must long enough with allow desaturation protect tripping, and
And it on the other hand must the damage to avoid semiconductor switch short enough.
Its on state has only been controlled as within period testing time in each lower semiconductor switch and has not been gone
After saturation and/or overcurrent protection tripping, just motor driver 10 is allowed to operate elevator motor.
It is emphasized that in order to work normally Earth Fault Detection of the invention, advantageously, the input side of rectifier
It should be directly connected to AC power supplies, or if use additional isolating transformer, transformer between AC power supplies and rectifier bridge
Secondary windings should be grounded or it is referenced to ground.
Additionally or alternatively, before the operation of motor driver 10, inverter 24 or elevator motor can be checked
It whether there is any phase fault between phase 34,36,38.For this purpose, controlling the semiconductor of upper bridge side 26 within the specific time period
Switch 30a-30c switches, and out of phase lower semiconductor switch 30d-30f switching is controlled in bursts period, thus the spy
Fix time the period and the bursts period it is least partially overlapped.This overlapping causes by mutually exporting at least one of 34,36,38
In the current sensor 40a-40d or current sensor 32a-32f being connected in series with the semiconductor switch 30a-30f of inverter bridge 24
A current sensor sensing current signal increase.If by current sensor 32a-f, 40a-c electric current measured
Increase too steep, i.e., threshold value more than setting, then contactor 44 is opened, so that motor driver 10 is prohibited to operate.The test is
Utilize the semiconductor-on-insulator switch 30a-c of upper bridge side 26 and out of phase any other lower semiconductor switch 30d- of the side Xia Qiao 28
The combination of 30f is performed.If phase fault test does not show any short circuit between output phase 40a, 40b, 40c, motor
Driver 10 enters normal operating.
In Fig. 1, all principles for having used active line bridge, but having discussed in this document are also applied for utilizing passive two
The inverter of pole pipe bridge input topological realization.
Fig. 2A shows the inverter bridge 24 of the frequency converter 10 of Fig. 1 in the first alternate embodiment, and wherein lower semiconductor switchs
Desaturation control with gate drivers 46a-46c realize.In contrast, in the second embodiment of Fig. 2 B, lower semiconductor is opened
The desaturation or overcurrent protection for closing 30d-30f are realized by drive control device 42.
Fig. 3 shows the pulse mode of ground fault test in left side, wherein each lower semiconductor 30d- of inverter 24
30f is switched in period testing time t.On right side, switch the semiconductor-on-insulator 30a of the first phase in specific time period c1,
Then switch the lower semiconductor 30e and 30f of second and third phase in bursts period p.Via the test, it is ensured that in the first He
Without short circuit between second phase and first and third phase.Hereafter, switch the upper of the second phase in the second specific time period c2
Semiconductor 30b, the second specific time period c2 are shorter than the first specific time period c1 of the first semiconductor switch 30a, because this
In the lower semiconductor switch 30f of only third phase be examined via bursts period p.Hereafter ensure that there is no in three-phase
Short circuit between any phase.
Test is executed via the current signal of monitoring current sensor 32a-f and/or 40a-c.When the increasing of current signal
When adding the threshold value more than setting, it is believed that there is short circuit and contactor relay 44 trips.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but can change within the scope of the appended claims.Therefore, rectifier bridge
12 can also be with diode rather than semiconductor switch routinely constructs.
Reference signs list
10 motor drivers-frequency converter
12 rectifier bridges
The semiconductor of 14 rectifier bridges
16 DC links
The anode of 18 DC links
The cathode of 20 DC links
22 smoothing capacity devices
24 inverter bridges
26 upper bridge sides
28 sides Xia Qiao
Semiconductor switch-MOSFET-IGBT of 30a-f inverter bridge
The current sensor that 32a-f and semiconductor switch are connected in series
First phase of 34 inverter bridges exports
Second phase of 36 inverter bridges exports
The third phase of 38 inverter bridges exports
The current sensor that 40a, b, c phase export
42 drive control devices
43 smooth circuits
44 contactors
The gate drivers of the lower semiconductor switch of 46a, b, c inverter
T period testing time
C1, c2 specific time period
P bursts period
Claims (according to the 19th article of modification of treaty)
1. a kind of motor driver (10) of passenger conveyors for such as elevator or escalator, the motor driver packet
It includes rectifier bridge (12), the rectifier bridge (12) is connected to DC link (16), and the DC link (16) is connected to have and be configured as
It is connected to the inverter bridge of elevator motor mutually exported, and controls the driving of the semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of the inverter bridge
Controller (42),
The inverter bridge has the anode for being connected to DC link (16), upside semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30c) and connects
Lower semiconductor that be connected to the cathode of DC link (16), downside switchs (30d-30f),
The semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30c) is the semiconductor switch of no desaturation protection, and the lower semiconductor switchs
(30d-30f) includes desaturation protection (46a-c, 42), or vice versa, wherein drive control device (42) includes ground fault control
Circuit processed is configured as establishing ground fault test, which is characterized in that the ground fault control circuit is configured as executing
Ground fault test, described includes that the individual semiconductor of each of desaturation protection (46a-c, 42) is opened in ground fault test
(30a-30f) primary only switching one within period testing time is closed, wherein the ground fault control circuit is configured as only
The jump of the desaturation protection (46a-c, 42) of one of described semiconductor switch (30d-30f) is not resulted in ground fault test
When lock, the starting of the motor driver (10) is just enabled.
2. motor driver (10) according to claim 1, wherein period testing time (t) 1 to 20 microseconds it
Between.
3. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the drive control device (42) is with described
The cathode of DC link (16) is reference, and lower semiconductor switch (30d-30f) includes desaturation protection (46a-c, 42).
4. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (30d-30f)
Desaturation protects (46a-c, 42) to be realized by their gate drivers (46a-46c).
5. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (30d-30f)
Desaturation protects (46a-c, 42) to be realized by the drive control device (42).
6. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims, wherein partly being led from the drive control device to the downside
The control signal path of the control electrode of such as grid of body switch is realized in the case where not being galvanically isolated.
7. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the input of the rectifier bridge (12) includes connecing
Tentaculum or contactor relay (44), in response to the desaturation and/or overcurrent protection of semiconductor switch (30d-30f)
It the tripping of (46a-c, 42) and/or is controlled in response to current sensor signal.
8. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (30a-30f) is
IGBT or mosfet transistor.
9. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), be configured as executing according to following following claims it
One method.
10. method of the one kind for driving elevator motor using motor driver (10), the motor driver
Including rectifier bridge (12), the rectifier bridge (12) is connected to DC link (16), and the DC link (16) is connected to have and be connected to
The inverter bridge (24) of the mutually output (34,36,38) of the elevator motor and the semiconductor switch of the control inverter bridge (24)
The drive control device (42) of (30a-30f),
The inverter bridge (24) have the anode for being connected to DC link (16), the semiconductor-on-insulator of upside switch (30a-30c) with
And be connected to DC link (16) cathode, the lower semiconductor of downside switch (30d-30f),
Wherein, semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30f) is partly leading for no desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c, 42)
Body switchs (30a-30f), and lower semiconductor switch (30a-30c) include desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c,
42), or vice versa,
It is characterized in that, ground fault test is carried out before the starting of the elevator motor, including desaturation and/or mistake
Each of current protection (46a-c, 42) individual lower semiconductor switch (30a-30f) within period testing time (t) it is primary only
Switching one, wherein the ground fault control circuit does not only result in any of these semiconductor switch in ground fault test
When the tripping of the desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c, 42) of (30a-30f), the motor driver (10) is just enabled
Starting.
11. according to method described in preceding claims 10, according to claim 1 to motor driver described in one of 9
(10) it is executed in.
Claims (22)
1. a kind of motor driver (10) of passenger conveyors for such as elevator or escalator, the motor driver packet
It includes rectifier bridge (12), the rectifier bridge (12) is connected to DC link (16), and the DC link (16) is connected to have and be configured as
It is connected to the inverter bridge of elevator motor mutually exported, and controls the driving of the semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of the inverter bridge
Controller (42),
The inverter bridge has the anode for being connected to DC link (16), upside semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30c) and connects
Lower semiconductor that be connected to the cathode of DC link (16), downside switchs (30d-30f),
The semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30c) is the semiconductor switch of no desaturation protection, and the lower semiconductor switchs
(30d-30f) includes desaturation protection (46a-c, 42), or vice versa.
2. motor driver (10) according to claim 1, wherein drive control device (42) includes ground fault control electricity
Road is configured as establishing ground fault test, and described includes desaturation protection (46a-c, 42) in ground fault test
Each individually semiconductor switch (30a-30f) is primary within period testing time only to switch one, wherein the ground fault
Control circuit is configured as only not resulting in the desaturation of one of described semiconductor switch (30d-30f) in ground fault test
When protecting the tripping of (46a-c, 42), the starting of the motor driver (10) is just enabled.
3. motor driver (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein period testing time (t) is micro- 1 to 20
Between second.
4. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the drive control device (42) is with described
The cathode of DC link (16) is reference, and lower semiconductor switch (30d-30f) includes desaturation protection (46a-c, 42).
5. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (30d-30f)
Desaturation protects (46a-c, 42) to be realized by their gate drivers (46a-46c).
6. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (30d-30f)
Desaturation protects (46a-c, 42) to be realized by the drive control device (42).
7. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims, wherein partly being led from the drive control device to the downside
The control signal path of the control electrode of such as grid of body switch is realized in the case where not being galvanically isolated.
8. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the input of the rectifier bridge (12) includes connecing
Tentaculum or contactor relay (44), in response to the desaturation and/or overcurrent protection of semiconductor switch (30d-30f)
It the tripping of (46a-c, 42) and/or is controlled in response to current sensor signal.
9. a kind of motor driver (10), including rectifier bridge (12), the rectifier bridge (12) is connected to DC link (16), the DC
Link (16) is connected to the inverter bridge (24) with the mutually output (34,36,38) for being configured to connect to elevator motor, and control
The drive control device (42) of the semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of the inverter bridge is made,
The inverter bridge has the anode for being connected to DC link (16), upper bridge side (26) semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30c)
And be connected to DC link (16) cathode, the lower semiconductor of the side Xia Qiao (28) switch (30d-30f),
The semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of the inverter bridge (24) is controlled by drive control device (42),
The drive control device (42) includes phase fault control circuit, is configured as establishing phase fault test,
And motor driver (10) includes in at least two phases output of inverter bridge and/or partly leads with all of inverter bridge
Body switchs (30a-30f) concatenated current sensor (32a-f, 40a-c),
Wherein phase fault is tested:
- by a semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of a phase and upside or downside in specific time period (c1, c2) internal control
It is made as on state, and
- during the specific time period, the inverter bridge (24) it is different mutually and different bridges side (lower or on) semiconductor
Switch (30a-30f) is controlled as on state in bursts period (p), and the bursts period (p) is preferably shorter than institute
Specific time period (c1, c2) is stated, thus the specific time period is at least partly Chong Die with the bursts period (p),
The phase fault control circuit includes comparator, for the current sensor signal increased change rate with
At least one threshold value,
The phase fault control circuit is configured as control switch element (44,30a-30f) to disable the inverter bridge (24).
10. motor driver (10) according to claim 9, wherein the switch element is the motor driver
(10) semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of contactor (44) or the inverter bridge (24).
11. motor driver (10) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the special time period is at 10 to 30 milliseconds
Between.
12. according to motor driver (10) described in claim 9,10 or 11, wherein the bursts period is micro- 10 to 100
Between second.
13. the motor driver according to one of claim 9 to 12 (10), wherein the threshold value di is in 20 to 35 peaces
Between, especially between 25 to 30 peaces.
14. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (30a-30f)
It is IGBT or mosfet transistor.
15. the motor driver according to one of preceding claims (10) is configured as executing according to following following claims
One of method.
16. method of the one kind for driving elevator motor using motor driver (10), the motor driver
Including rectifier bridge (12), the rectifier bridge (12) is connected to DC link (16), and the DC link (16) is connected to have and be connected to
The inverter bridge (24) of the mutually output (34,36,38) of the elevator motor and the semiconductor switch of the control inverter bridge (24)
The drive control device (42) of (30a-30f),
The inverter bridge (24) have the anode for being connected to DC link (16), the semiconductor-on-insulator of upside switch (30a-30c) with
And be connected to DC link (16) cathode, the lower semiconductor of downside switch (30d-30f),
Wherein, semiconductor-on-insulator switch (30a-30f) is partly leading for no desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c, 42)
Body switchs (30a-30f), and lower semiconductor switch (30a-30c) include desaturation and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c,
42), or vice versa,
Wherein, ground fault test is carried out before the starting of the elevator motor, including desaturation and/or over current protection
The individual lower semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of each of shield (46a-c, 42) once only switches one within period testing time (t)
It is a, wherein the ground fault control circuit does not only result in any of these semiconductor switch (30a- in ground fault test
When the tripping of desaturation 30f) and/or overcurrent protection (46a-c, 42), the starting of the motor driver (10) is just enabled.
17. a kind of method using the motor driver (10) for including rectifier bridge (12), the rectifier bridge (12) are connected to DC chain
Road (16), the DC link (16) are connected to the inverter bridge (24) with the mutually output (34,36,38) for being connected to elevator motor,
And the drive control device (42) of the semiconductor switch (30a-30f) of the control inverter bridge (24),
The inverter bridge (24) has every phase the anode for being connected to DC link (16), upside semiconductor-on-insulator to switch
(30a-30f) mutually has the cathode for being connected to DC link (16), downside lower semiconductor switch (30a-30f) with for every,
And inverter bridge at least two phases output in and/or with all semiconductor switch (30a-30f) concatenated current sense
Device (32a-f, 40a-c),
Wherein, the cycle tests for verifying phase fault is provided, is abided by wherein being executed before elevator motor is enabled operation
Follow the cycle tests of following steps sequence:
- by a semiconductor switch (30a-30c) of a phase and upside or downside in specific time period (c1, c2) internal control
It is made as on state, and
- during the specific time period, it is different mutually and the semiconductor switch (30d-30f) of not ipsilateral (lower or on) exists
It is controlled as on state in bursts period (p),
- measure the sensor signal of at least one current sensor (32a-f, 40a-c) and carry out it at least one threshold value
Compare, if it exceeds the threshold value, then it is assumed that there are phase faults, and
- (44) are taken safety measures to prevent electric motor starting.
18. according to the method for claim 17, wherein the specific time period (c1, c2) is arranged at 10 to 30 milliseconds
Between.
19. method described in 7 or 18 according to claim 1, wherein the bursts period is arranged between 10 to 100 microseconds.
20. method described in 7,18 or 19 according to claim 1, wherein the threshold value di especially exists between 20 to 35 peaces
Between 25 to 30 peaces.
21. method described in one of 7 to 20 according to claim 1, wherein being utilized before the elevator motor is enabled operation
Out of phase semiconductor-on-insulator switch and lower semiconductor switch all possible combinations of (30a-30f) to repeat the cycle tests.
22. the method according to one of preceding claims 16 to 21, according to claim 1 to electricity described in one of 15
It is executed in machine driver (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2017/055830 WO2018166578A1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Motor drive |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110291715A true CN110291715A (en) | 2019-09-27 |
| CN110291715B CN110291715B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780086357.8A Active CN110291715B (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Motor driver |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11038457B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3539211A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110291715B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018166578A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113131511A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-16 | 江苏和网源电气有限公司 | IGBT device desaturation detection protection circuit control method |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3300243A1 (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-28 | Celeroton AG | Converter and method for operating a converter |
| SE541306C2 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-06-25 | Dlaboratory Sweden Ab | Method and apparatus for detecting faults in and protection of electrical networks |
| US11050418B2 (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2021-06-29 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Gate level triggered desaturation blanking |
| CN110233470A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-13 | 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 | Frequency converter |
| DE102019217747A1 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-20 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Detecting an inverter short circuit between two phases |
| AT523610B1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-12-15 | Avl List Gmbh | converter assembly |
| DE102020211728A1 (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for short-circuit detection when operating an electrical machine |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11038457B2 (en) | 2021-06-15 |
| WO2018166578A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
| EP3539211A1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
| US20190326845A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
| CN110291715B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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