CN110286482A - A kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination - Google Patents

A kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination Download PDF

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CN110286482A
CN110286482A CN201910443248.8A CN201910443248A CN110286482A CN 110286482 A CN110286482 A CN 110286482A CN 201910443248 A CN201910443248 A CN 201910443248A CN 110286482 A CN110286482 A CN 110286482A
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group
fourier
lamination
reconstructing
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许廷发
张继洲
张一舟
陈思凝
王杏
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00Microscopes
    • G02B21/36Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
    • G02B21/365Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00Microscopes
    • G02B21/36Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
    • G02B21/365Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
    • G02B21/367Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison

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Abstract

The invention proposes a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination, can overcome the shortcomings of conventional Fourier lamination method for reconstructing in speed, realize Fourier's lamination and rebuild promotion of the speed on the order of magnitude.The micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier's lamination of the invention, using by slightly being rebuild to packet type Fourier's lamination of essence, and operation is rebuild come parallel processing using graphics processor, conventional Fourier lamination method for reconstructing is overcome the shortcomings of in speed, is realized Fourier's lamination and is rebuild promotion of the speed on the order of magnitude;And it can easily be combined with existing Fourier's lamination algorithm for reconstructing, without excessive hardware resource or special operating procedure is added.

Description

A kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination
Technical field
The invention belongs to calculate technical field of imaging, and in particular to a kind of packet type Fourier lamination high-resolution is micro- heavy Construction method, target are to realize the quick reconstruction of Fourier's lamination high-resolution micro-image.
Background technique
High-resolution and wide visual field always are the target that optical microscopy is pursued, however, being limited to optical system sheet The limitation that body can not be broken through, high-resolution and wide visual field cannot be considered in terms of, and this problem significantly limits optical microscopy and exists The application in many fields.The novel calculating imaging that Fourier's lamination micro-imaging technique (FPM) is developed as a kind of this year Technology realizes the super-resolution reconstruction of wide visual field image by introducing the technology of phase recovery and synthetic aperture.Fourier is folded Layer micro-imaging technique is because it has merged the plurality of advantages of wide visual field, high-resolution, phase imaging, in light since proposition Learn micro-, clinical treatment, bio-science field obtains numerous studies and extensive concern.
But Fourier's lamination imaging technique is to sacrifice temporal resolution as cost to the raising of spatial resolution. With the conventional imaging techniques of What You See Is What You Get the difference is that Fourier's lamination micro-imaging technique the result is that more to width up to a hundred The reconstruction of angle illumination image, the process for acquiring original image and image reconstruction consume the plenty of time, wherein rebuilding consumption Time, this seriously affected the practical application of Fourier's lamination micro-imaging technique often in hours.When in order to solve acquisition Between too long problem, there are a large amount of scholars to propose method.For example, paper " the Multiplexed that Lei Tian et al. is delivered It is public in coded illumination for Fourier Ptychography with an LED array microscope " The multiplexing type means of illumination opened can shorten the time of image acquisition process consumption at double.It is too long in order to solve reconstruction time Problem, some scholars propose certain methods, but these methods are often to sacrifice reconstruction quality as cost.For example, Paper " the Content adaptive illumination for Fourier that Liheng Bian et al. is delivered Ptychography " weeds out the intensity image less comprising high-frequency information, to subtract by analyzing the spectrum information of sample Lack original image quantity to improve the speed of image reconstruction.Although this method can improve reconstruction speed to a certain extent, It is to weed out the original image comprising effective information to will cause the decline of reconstruction quality.How under conditions of guaranteeing reconstruction quality Improving the speed rebuild is urgent problem in the research of Fourier's lamination.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention proposes a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination high-resolution, Neng Gouke Deficiency of the conventional Fourier lamination method for reconstructing in speed is taken, Fourier's lamination is realized and rebuilds speed mentioning on the order of magnitude It rises.
To achieve the above object, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, Fourier's lamination micro imaging system is constructed, the lighting module in the imaging system is programmable LED array, LED array center and microscopic system optical axis alignment;
Step 2, sample to be seen is imaged with imaging system described in step 1, environment light is covered when imaging, one by one Light the LED in LED array, record it is single led under original image;
Step 3, centered on LED array center, LED is successively lighted outward, the original image for the LED layer being successively lit
Corresponding record is the 1st group, the 2nd group ... n-th group original image, wherein the 2nd group includes the 1st group of LED, the 3rd group of packet LED ... the n-th group for including the 2nd group includes all LED;
Step 4, frequency spectrum is initialized, obtains null tone spectrum;Each of LED array is obtained using the result of step 2 The corresponding position in frequency spectrum LED;As unit of group, using step 3 as a result, successively utilizing each group original since the 1st group Image is updated frequency spectrum, wherein for every group of LED, according to the corresponding position in frequency spectrum wherein each LED, obtains The update of corresponding position frequency spectrum, the update until obtaining all groups of corresponding spectrum, completes the micro- reconstruction of Fourier's lamination.
Wherein, in the step 4, frequency spectrum is updated using each group raw image data specific steps are as follows:
Step 41, image complex amplitude initial value is obtained using the corresponding original image of center LED, then switches to frequency The Fourier spectrum of initialization is obtained in domain;
Step 42, for jth group raw image data, j=1,2,3 ... n choose corresponding region simultaneously in Fourier spectrum It is obtained by inverse transformation and is estimated corresponding to the complex amplitude of each LED, then updated using the intensity of jth group raw image data Complex amplitude, then switch back in frequency domain the frequency spectrum corresponding region replaced corresponding to each LED;
Step 43, step 42 is repeated in group, the Rule of judgment of next group of iteration is entered until meeting, wherein the iteration Rule of judgment are as follows:
Wherein mean indicates that array mean function, abs indicate ABS function, IkIndicate kth time in current group reconstruction The high-resolution intensity image obtained after iteration, Ik-1Indicate that the high-resolution obtained after -1 iteration of kth in current group reconstruction is strong Spend image;
Step 44, step 42~step 43 is repeated, is finished until all n group image datas all update;
Step 45, the Fourier spectrum contravariant rebuild is changed in airspace, thus intensity and phase after being rebuild Image.
Wherein, in the step 1, by the way that typical Photobiology is microscopical reflective or active lighting system is torn open It removes, programmable LED array is installed with bracket or pedestal, substitute former lighting system.
Wherein, in the step 2, LED array, the specific location including lighting LED are controlled by Arduino microcontroller And color;Original image is acquired by cmos image sensor camera, the Arduino microcontroller and cmos image pass Sensor camera is controlled by PC machine.
Wherein, the sample to be seen is biological tissue section or blood smear.
Wherein, the LED array is rectangular array or circular array, and the array center is 1 LED or 12 × 2 square The LED array of battle array.
The utility model has the advantages that
The micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier's lamination of the invention, using by slightly to essence packet type Fourier lamination into Row is rebuild, and rebuilds operation using graphics processor come parallel processing, overcomes conventional Fourier lamination method for reconstructing in speed On deficiency, realize Fourier's lamination and rebuild promotion of the speed on the order of magnitude, while realizing super-resolution reconstruction;And it can Easily to be combined with existing Fourier's lamination algorithm for reconstructing, without excessive hardware resource or special is added Operating procedure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the micro- method for reconstructing flow chart of packet type Fourier's lamination of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the basic composition of Fourier's lamination microscopic system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is every group of calculation flow chart of packet type Fourier lamination algorithm for reconstructing of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the emulation schematic diagram of conventional Fourier lamination algorithm for reconstructing;
Fig. 5 is the emulation schematic diagram of packet type Fourier lamination algorithm for reconstructing of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Objects and advantages in order to better illustrate the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing do furtherly the present invention with example It is bright.
Fourier's stack technology is modeled by the imaging samples process under the quasi-monochromatic light illumination to oblique incidence, thus It has developed and has carried out reverse reconstruction using several intensity images to restore the method for the high-resolution complex amplitude of sample.Packet type Fu In leaf lamination algorithm for reconstructing be based on the development and improvement to existing Fourier's lamination image-forming principle, packet type Fu of the invention In leaf lamination method for reconstructing be middle imaging and reconstruction based on existing Fourier's lamination imaging technique basic process.
Wherein the middle imaging process of existing Fourier's lamination imaging technique is as follows:
In the imaging of Fourier's lamination, for a thin sample, optical property can be expressed as an airspace and pass Delivery function o (r).When the sample is u by a wave vectorlPlane Electromagnetic Wave in Oblique it is illuminated when, reach the complex amplitude of sample plane For exp (i2 π ulR), the complex amplitude of the emergent light after modulating by sample can be formulated are as follows:
E (r)=o (r) exp (i2 π ulR),
The complex amplitude is transformed into frequency domain and is obtained:
This can be found the result is that the center of original frequency spectrum is moved to u from zero pointlThe result at place.If by the pupil of object lens Function representation is P (u), then reaching the complex amplitude on sensor cover can indicate are as follows:
The formula is also referred to as the forward model of Fourier's lamination imaging, it establishes illumination and the institute's acquisition figure of LED Relationship as between;
The middle reconstruction process of existing Fourier's lamination imaging technique is as follows:
The main process that Fourier's lamination restores image is exactly that will contain the multiple image of different frequency domain informations in frequency domain In synthesized, to obtain the frequency domain information that be imaged far more than single, and then raising spatial resolution.But since image passes Sensor can only acquire the strength information of complex amplitude, and cannot collect phase information, therefore also introduce in Fourier's stack technology Phase recovery method, the phase information of loss is estimated when being synthesized, so that the complex amplitude recovered is more accurate.? In conventional method, actual recovery process is the correspondence sub-district constantly updated in spectrogram using collected intensity image Domain is formulated are as follows:
For simplified formula form, by forward model that Fourier's lamination is imaged and formula vector form table can be restored It is shown as:
gle=F-1(POl)
With
Frequency-domain transform after reconstruction finally can be obtained to the high-resolution intensity image and phase diagram of sample into airspace Picture:
Ih=abs (F-1(Ou))2,Gh=angle (F-1(Ou))。
Traditional recovery algorithms are generally divided into two class of list type and global formula, and one is once only estimated and updated to list type Frequency spectrum subregion, and all frequency spectrum subregions are then disposably estimated and restored to global formula.List type has committed memory few, as a result Restrain fast feature, although and global formula calculation amount and EMS memory occupation amount are big, better reconstructed results can be obtained.
Packet type Fourier's lamination algorithm for reconstructing proposed by the invention combines traditional list type method for reconstructing and complete Office formula method for reconstructing the advantages of, in one cycle simultaneously update a part of frequency domain subregion, by by update area gradually from Low frequency expands to high frequency and carrys out accelerated reconstruction process, has taken into account reconstruction speed and effect.Collected original image is grouped It is based on such a fact to reach the thinking of fast convergence, in existing research, researchers' discovery one is preferably first Initial value can greatly accelerate convergent speed, such as to be faster than with convergence rate when the initialization of low resolution figure and be carried out with zero Initialization.If multiple initial values can be arranged, allows frequency spectrum to carry out stepped update, can greatly speed up and converge to final result Speed.The invention proposes the frequency spectrum iteration more new strategies of packet type, when convergence rate is slower and slower in one group for iteration, Next group of data are introduced, such iteration speed can greatly improve.
In order to being rebuild using the strategy of packet type, need to be grouped LED according to its position in an array, And group belonging to original image is determined according to the grouping of corresponding LED.LED array is successively expanded into most edge from array center Position is successively recorded as the 1st group, the 2nd group ... n-th group, when LED array is (2n+1) × (2n+1) rectangular array, the 1st group of packet Containing 3 × 3, center LED, the 2nd group includes 5 × 5, center LED, and so on until n-th group includes all (2n+1) × (2n+ 1) a LED.When LED array is 2n × 2n rectangular array, the 1st group includes 2 × 2, center LED, and the 2nd group includes center 4 × 4 A LED, and so on until n-th group include all 2n × 2n LED.
The reason of taking this mode to be grouped LED is corresponded to the image of the LED acquisition compared with center position Compared with the information of low frequency in spectrogram, and the information of higher-frequency in spectrogram is corresponded to the image of the LED acquisition compared with edge.For It realizes slightly to the more new strategy of essence, must allow the more new range of frequency spectrum gradually to expand to high frequency from low frequency in iteration, without It can arbitrarily be grouped.In traditional global formula method for reconstructing, each iteration requires all intensity images carrying out operation, disappears A large amount of calculation amount has been consumed, although reconstruction quality is higher, it is slow to rebuild speed.The present invention from less to more will be strong after grouping Degree image is updated in reconstruction process, has benefited from iteration less data amount early period, is rebuild speed and is accelerated;It is final all strong Degree image has been involved in reconstruction, also ensures the quality of reconstruction.
Referring to Fig.1, the micro- method for reconstructing of a kind of packet type Fourier lamination high-resolution proposed by the present invention, including it is as follows Step:
Step 1, Fourier's lamination high-resolution micro imaging system is constructed:
Traditional optical microscopy mainly includes the major parts such as lighting system, object lens, tube lens, camera and bracket, And there is differences for the microscopical hardware configuration of Fourier's lamination and conventional optical microscope, it can be aobvious by reequiping existing optics Micro mirror is realized.Specific repacking mode is to remove original lighting system, and programmable LED is installed with bracket or pedestal Array.LED array is mounted on about 10 centimeters of distance below objective table, and module axis is aligned with microscopes optical axis.LED array Typical pattern is the printed circuit board for having welded adopting surface mounted LED element, and LED component is arranged in matrix, the LED array For rectangular array or circular array, the array center is the LED array of 1 LED or 12 × 2 matrix.In LED element uses Set the programmable full-color LED of SK6812 chip, so as to by the position of programming Control LED illumination, color, when Between.In order to obtain biggish visual field and higher increase resolution effect, Fourier's lamination microscope is typically chosen using low Times object lens such as 2 × or 4 ×.The typical microscopical structure of Fourier's lamination can refer to Fig. 2.
Step 2, Fourier's lamination microscope raw image data is acquired:
Also there is differences with conventional optical microscope for the microscopical image acquisition process of Fourier's lamination.To be seen When imaging samples, Fourier's lamination micro imaging system needs to carry out shading treatment, to reduce environment light to the shadow of LED light source It rings.LED array is controlled using Arduino microcontroller, and the instruction of PC machine is received by serial ports, lights LED with control Specific location, color, time for exposure.Original image is acquired using highly sensitive cmos image sensor, passes through CMOS Transmitting data between imaging sensor capture card and PC machine, cmos image sensor receives the instruction of PC machine, adjustment sampling resolution, Shutter speed and time for exposure etc..LED array and the control program of imaging sensor in PC machine by programming realization, one by one It lights LED and acquires correspondence image.The pretreatment such as noise reduction is carried out to acquired image, to improve final reconstruction effect.
Step 3, the original image of Fourier's lamination imaging is grouped:
Grouping gradually expands to most marginal position from center centered on the center of LED array.By 2n × 2n or (2n+1) The rectangular LED arrays of × (2n+1), most marginal position is successively expanded to from array center, is successively recorded as the 1st group, the 2nd group ... N-th group.When LED array is (2n+1) × (2n+1) rectangular array, the 1st group includes 3 × 3, center LED, and the 2nd group includes 5 × 5 LED of the heart, and so on until n-th group includes all a LED of (2n+1) × (2n+1).When LED array is 2n × 2n square When shape array, the 1st group includes 2 × 2, center LED, and the 2nd group includes 4 × 4, center LED, and so on include until n-th group All 2n × 2n LED.The information in spectrogram compared with low frequency is corresponded to compared with the LED of the center position image acquired, and compared with side The image of LED acquisition at edge corresponds to the information of higher-frequency in spectrogram.Intensity image corresponding compared with low-frequency information has higher Signal-to-noise ratio, therefore restrain fast, reconstruction error is small.In traditional global formula method for reconstructing, each iteration requires to own Intensity image carries out operation, consumes a large amount of calculation amount, although reconstruction quality is higher, it is slow to rebuild speed.Root of the present invention According to the number of iterations the intensity image after grouping being updated in reconstruction process from less to more, have benefited from the less number of iteration early period According to amount, rebuilds speed and accelerated;Final all intensity images have been involved in reconstruction, also ensure the quality of reconstruction.
Step 4, it is grouped the reconstruction of formula Fourier's lamination:
Frequency spectrum is initialized, null tone spectrum is obtained;It is corresponding that each LED in LED array is obtained using the result of step 2 Position in frequency spectrum;As unit of group, using step 3 as a result, successively using each group original image to frequency since the 1st group Spectrum is updated, wherein for every group of LED, according to the corresponding position in frequency spectrum wherein each LED, obtains corresponding position The update of frequency spectrum, the update until obtaining all groups of corresponding spectrum, completes the micro- reconstruction of Fourier's lamination.The step is packet type The core of the micro- method for reconstructing of Fourier's lamination high-resolution.Frequency spectrum is updated using each group raw image data specific Step are as follows:
Step 41, image complex amplitude initial value is obtained using the corresponding original image of center LED, then by Fu The Fourier spectrum O of initialization is obtained in leaf transformation F to frequency domain0
Step 42, for jth group raw image data, j=1,2,3 ... n choose subregion in Fourier spectrum Ol(j-1)And it is obtained by inverse transformation and estimates g corresponding to the complex amplitude of each LEDlj, then utilize the strong of jth group original image Spend IljComplex amplitude estimation is updated, then switches back in frequency domain the frequency spectrum subregion replaced corresponding to each LED;
Step 43, step 42 is repeated in group, and the Rule of judgment of next group of iteration is entered until meeting, it thus can be significant Accelerate subsequent group of other renewal process;
Step 44, step 42~step 43 is repeated, is finished until all n group image datas all update;
Step 45, the Fourier spectrum O that will have been rebuildjCarry out Fourier inversion F-1Into airspace, to be rebuild High-resolution intensity and phase image afterwards.Entire reconstruction process can be formulated are as follows:
Wherein the grouping of j representative image also represents the grouping of reconstruction process, and P indicates the pupil function of microcobjective, WjFor Correct the weight of spectrum overlapping.
Judge whether the formula into next group of iteration are as follows:
Wherein mean indicates that array mean function, abs indicate ABS function, IkIndicate kth time in current group reconstruction The high-resolution intensity image obtained after iteration, Ik-1Indicate that the high-resolution obtained after -1 iteration of kth in current group reconstruction is strong Spend image.The physical meaning of the formula is for kth time iteration to the more new effects of image already below certain threshold value.The formula is same It can be applied in the reconstruction of conventional Fourier lamination, as the criterion for terminating iteration.
Similar with traditional reconstructing method, the high-resolution that the frequency-domain transform after reconstruction can be obtained sample into airspace is strong Spend image and phase image:
Ih=abs (F-1(Oj))2,Gh=angle (F-1(Oj))。
In packet type Fourier's lamination algorithm for reconstructing of the invention, most of image-processing operations can be utilized into figure Processor carries out parallel processing, the speed calculated far more than traditional CPU is obtained, to substantially increase the efficiency of algorithm.Ginseng It is flow chart of the present invention for every group of algorithm for reconstructing according to Fig. 3.Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, conventional method and grouping are respectively utilized The schematic diagram that formula Fourier's lamination algorithm for reconstructing is emulated.Method proposed by the invention combine list type method for reconstructing and The advantages of global formula method for reconstructing, greatly accelerates the speed of reconstruction on the basis of keeping good reconstructed results, compared to The speed-increasing effect of global formula method at 10 times or so, compared to list type method speed-increasing effect at 8 times or so.
To sum up, the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention Within the scope of.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, Fourier's lamination micro imaging system is constructed, the lighting module in the imaging system is programmable LED Array, LED array center and microscopic system optical axis alignment;
Step 2, sample to be seen is imaged with imaging system described in step 1, environment light is covered when imaging, is lighted one by one LED in LED array, record it is single led under original image;
Step 3, centered on LED array center, LED is successively lighted outward, and the original image for the LED layer being successively lit is corresponding It is recorded as the 1st group, the 2nd group ... n-th group original image, wherein the 2nd group includes the 1st group of LED, the 3rd group includes the 2nd group LED ... n-th group includes all LED;
Step 4, frequency spectrum is initialized, obtains null tone spectrum;Each LED pairs in LED array is obtained using the result of step 2 It should be in the position in frequency spectrum;As unit of group, using step 3 as a result, successively utilizing each group original image pair since the 1st group Frequency spectrum is updated, wherein for every group of LED, according to the corresponding position in frequency spectrum wherein each LED, obtains corresponding positions The update for setting frequency spectrum, the update until obtaining all groups of corresponding spectrum, completes the micro- reconstruction of Fourier's lamination.
2. a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step In 4, frequency spectrum is updated using each group raw image data specific steps are as follows:
Step 41, image complex amplitude initial value is obtained using the corresponding original image of center LED, then switches to frequency domain and works as The middle Fourier spectrum for obtaining initialization;
Step 42, for jth group raw image data, j=1,2,3 ... n choose corresponding region and are passed through in Fourier spectrum Inverse transformation is obtained to be estimated corresponding to the complex amplitude of each LED, then updates multiple vibration using the intensity of jth group raw image data Width, then switch back in frequency domain the frequency spectrum corresponding region replaced corresponding to each LED;
Step 43, step 42 is repeated in group, the Rule of judgment of next group of iteration is entered until meeting, wherein the iteration is sentenced Broken strip part are as follows:
Wherein mean indicates that array mean function, abs indicate ABS function, IkIt indicates in current group reconstruction after kth time iteration The high-resolution intensity image of acquisition, Ik-1Indicate the high-resolution intensity map obtained after -1 iteration of kth in current group reconstruction Picture;
Step 44, step 42~step 43 is repeated, is finished until all n group image datas all update;
Step 45, the Fourier spectrum contravariant rebuild is changed in airspace, thus intensity and phase image after being rebuild.
3. a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step It, can with bracket or pedestal installation by the way that typical Photobiology is microscopical reflective or active lighting system is removed in 1 The LED array of programmatic method substitutes former lighting system.
4. a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step In 2, LED array, specific location and color including lighting LED are controlled by Arduino microcontroller;Pass through cmos image Sensor camera acquires original image, and the Arduino microcontroller and cmos image sensor camera are controlled by PC machine.
5. a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination high-resolution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The sample to be seen is biological tissue section or blood smear.
6. a kind of micro- method for reconstructing of packet type Fourier lamination high-resolution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The LED array is rectangular array or circular array, and the array center is the LED array of 1 LED or 12 × 2 matrix.
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