CN110286442A - A kind of coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler - Google Patents
A kind of coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN110286442A CN110286442A CN201910694679.1A CN201910694679A CN110286442A CN 110286442 A CN110286442 A CN 110286442A CN 201910694679 A CN201910694679 A CN 201910694679A CN 110286442 A CN110286442 A CN 110286442A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre couplers, are specifically configured to: conical fiber and conical fiber probe；The conical fiber include fibre core and be wrapped in the fibre core outer surface covering, the radius of covering and fibre core is according to drawing the variation of cone-shaped function；The conical fiber probe is placed on the cone lumbar region of conical fiber, and shape is that breaked conical fiber, conical fiber probe and conical fiber are adsorbed at the cone lumbar region by Van der Waals for and electrostatic force.It does not need patch to melt optical fiber according to fixed angle welding, by way of absorption, bores lumbar region herein and form coupled zone, the coupling ratio between two optical fiber can change by the angle that adjusting probe and conical fiber bore lumbar region；Angle and coupling ratio are in linear approximate relationship；At 30 ° of angle, coupling ratio is approximately 50%: 50%.Optical signal more preferably can be adjusted or control using the fiber coupler of this structure and reduces the complexity and cost of fiber coupler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser field more particularly to a kind of output of realization laser and the adjustable fiber couplings of coupled ratio
Device.
Background technique
Fiber coupler (Coupler) is also known as beam splitter (Splitter), connector, adapter, end optical fiber flange plate, is to use
In realizing optical signal branch/combining, or for the element of extended fiber link, belong to light passive device field, telecommunication network route,
Cable television network, user loop system can be all applied in local-area network, it is a kind of multi-functional, multipurpose and most important
One of optical passive component.With the further investigation of fiber coupler, there are mainly three types of be respectively rubbing down method, corruption for production method
Erosion method and fused biconical taper method.Fused biconical taper method is because its operating method is simple, low manufacture cost, device loss is small and is made extensively
With.
With the rapid development of fiber coupler, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler also starts to occur.Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler has
Low polarization interference, is kept for linearly polarized photon the advantages that polarization state is constant in transmission process at lower added loss.In recent years, it is
Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is greatly developed and studies, country has put into a large amount of fund, and a large amount of science researcher, which is added, to be protected
The studying team of inclined fiber coupler, the following polarization-maintaining fiber coupler will be rapidly developed and be widely applied.Meanwhile single mode polarised light
Fine coupler is as a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, it may have good performance advantage, can efficiently solve polarization interference, partially
The problems such as vibration dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion, improve the stability of optical communication system.
Other than above-mentioned polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, in fibre system most important device first is that be based on photonic crystal fiber
Directional coupler.In recent years, the research of photonic crystal optical fiber coupler causes the interest of many scientific research personnel, and achieves
Certain achievement.It can be divided into three categories according to the structure of photonic crystal optical fiber coupler: melting cone type photonic crystal optical fiber coupler,
Side polishing type photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, twin-core or multicore photonic crystal optical fiber coupler.In order to make in a communications system
With photonic crystal fiber, it is desirable to provide some basic optical fiber components of photonic crystal fiber.Therefore, photonic crystal optical fiber coupler
Future prospect must be considerable.
In recent years, there is a kind of novel fiber coupler, i.e. fibre optic grating coupler.Fiber bragg grating coupling
Device can be operated easily designed for selective wavelength, especially thick wavelength division multiplex system.Single mode optical fiber forms length
Period optical fiber grating device, the cladding mode that it allows strong optical coupling to select from core mode formula to one group in specific wavelength, from
And play the role of bandstop filter.The early stage research of grating fibers coupler mainly introduces in waveguide or fiber coupler
Bragg grating realizes wavelength selectivity.One of Bragg grating device is the disadvantage is that work reflects signal in reflective condition
Unnecessary light feedback can be generated after recovery, cause additional loss.On the other hand, long period fiber Bragg grating coupler work exists
The extensive use of fibre optic grating coupler is greatly facilitated in areflexia problem in transmission process, these advantages, and market potential is
It is huge.
Fiber coupler just becomes more and more important, and will become fiber optic communication and the indispensable a part of sensory field.
The fiber coupler of various function admirables, such as polarization fiber coupler, photonic crystal optical fiber coupler are quickly grown, prospect ten
Divide considerable.
Single-mode optical-fibre coupler is most widely used.2 × 2 single-mode optical-fibre couplers have typicalness.It there are two input terminal and
There are one section of coupled zone in two output ends, centre.Using fusing drawing process production.Stretched portion forms taper coupled zone.It draws
The luminous energy in the area Shen Shixin is to core external expansion；Meanwhile keeping two fibre cores close to each other, both effects all enhance coupling.Input
Optical signal exports after taper coupled zone is distributed from output end.It will be in the optical fiber of certain curvature insertion quartz wedge frequently with grinding and polishing method
Part of clad is removed, then quartz wedge as two pieces, which is adjacent to, keeps two fibre cores close to each other, constitutes fiber coupler.
Patent 2014108108669 proposes that a kind of optical fiber based on drawing cone method condenses device and preparation method thereof, to single mode
Optical fiber obtains the single mode optical fiber of preset diameter using cone mode is drawn according to preset diameter；To the list of the preset diameter
Mode fiber obtains the single mode optical fiber cone of predetermined angle using cone mode is drawn according to predetermined angle；By the list of the predetermined angle
Mode fiber cone and less fundamental mode optical fibre obtain fiber coupler using molten mode is pasted.By the single mode optical fiber of the preset diameter of acquisition
The single mode optical fiber cone of predetermined angle is obtained using cone mode is drawn according to predetermined angle.
In the prior art fiber coupler device be according to predetermined angle grinding and polishing be embedded in or paste fusion welding, once sizing,
Its parameter can not change, and mould field and coupling ratio are non-adjustable, not can avoid to higher wavelength dependency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves to be the nonadjustable technical problem of existing fiber coupler coupling ratio, and it is adjustable to provide a kind of coupling ratio
Fiber coupler more preferably can adjust or control optical signal using the fiber coupler of this structure.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler a, comprising: conical fiber and a conical fiber probe；The conical fiber
Include:
Fibre core and be wrapped in the fibre core outer surface covering；The radius of its covering and fibre core is according to drawing cone-shaped letter
Number variation；The conical fiber probe is the tapered fiber that one end has male-tapered structure；
The conical fiber probe is placed on the cone lumbar region of conical fiber；Conical fiber probe and conical fiber are described
Cone lumbar region at adsorbed by Van der Waals for and electrostatic force.
Conical fiber probe and conical fiber are configured to be placed in parallel at the cone lumbar region or conical fiber probe
Around the conical fiber.
The conical fiber probe includes the covering of fibre core and the outer surface for being wrapped in the fibre core；
The conical fiber probe shape is breaked conical fiber.
The conical fiber and conical fiber probe are all made of by the method for single mode optical fiber fused biconical taper, and the cone
Shape optical fiber
Cone waist diameter be less than or equal to 5 μm.
Preferably, the conical fiber, initial radium are 62.5 μm, and fiber core radius is 4.1 μm, and drawing cone length is
14mm, the cladding radius for boring lumbar region is 2.765 μm, and fiber core radius is 0.1814 μm, cladding index 1.4629, fibre core refraction
Rate is 1.4682.
The preparation method of the conical fiber probe will draw the conical fiber after cone to break or be truncated.
Optionally, the conical fiber probe is placed on the cone lumbar region of conical fiber, and coincidence length is 2mm.
Optionally, the central wavelength of the coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler incident light is 1550nm or 1064nm.
The coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler is adjusted by the size of adjusting probe and the angle of conical fiber cone lumbar region
Section is coupled into the luminous intensity of probe optical fiber, and then adjusts the coupling ratio of fiber coupler.
Optionally, the conical fiber probe and the angle α of conical fiber cone lumbar region change to 90 ° from 5 °.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects: the present invention provides one kind
Coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler.Do not need traditional grinding splicing, do not need yet patch it is molten by optical fiber according to fixed angle welding,
It only needs for conical fiber probe to be adsorbed in the cone lumbar region of conical fiber with Van der Waals for, coupling can be formed in secondary cone lumbar region
Area is closed, the angle by adjusting probe and conical fiber cone lumbar region can change the coupling ratio between two optical fiber；Angle and coupling
Composition and division in a proportion is in linear approximate relationship；At 30 ° of angle, coupling ratio is approximately 50%: 50%.Utilize the fiber coupler energy of this structure
It is enough more preferably to adjust or control optical signal and reduce the complexity and cost of fiber coupler.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without any creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler structure schematic diagram provided by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is conical fiber probe around the conical fiber schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the mode distributions figure of different angles, in which: (a) is 5 ° of mode distributions figures of angle, (b) is 30 ° of mould fields of angle
Distribution map (c) is 70 ° of mode distributions figures of angle, 90 ° of mode distributions figures for (d) being；
Fig. 4 is the fiber coupler distribution of light intensity distribution map that angle provided by the present invention is 30 °；
Fig. 5 is the relation curve of angle provided by the present invention and coupling ratio.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre couplers, can using the fiber coupler of this structure
It more preferably adjusts or controls optical signal and reduce the complexity and cost of fiber coupler.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler structure schematic diagram provided by the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of coupling
Than adjustable optic fibre coupler, comprising: conical fiber 1 and conical fiber probe 2；The conical fiber 1 includes fibre core 1-1 and packet
It is rolled in the covering 1-2 of the outer surface of the fibre core 1-1；The radius of the covering 1-2 and fibre core 1-1 becomes according to drawing cone-shaped function
Change；Covering 2-2 of the conical fiber probe 2 including fibre core 2-1 and the outer surface for being wrapped in the fibre core 2-1；The cone
Shape optical fiber probe 2 is placed on the cone lumbar region of conical fiber 1, and shape is breaked conical fiber；The conical fiber probe
It is placed on the cone lumbar region of conical fiber；Conical fiber probe and conical fiber pass through Van der Waals at the cone lumbar region
Absorption.
The working principle of above-mentioned coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler are as follows: as shown in Figure 1, distinctive using taper micro-nano fiber
Transmission characteristic and coupled characteristic are realized.It is a conical fiber that general single mode fiber, which is drawn cone, using fused biconical taper method,
Middle r0For single mode optical fiber radius, l is that single mode optical fiber prestretching bores length, L0For draw bore before single mode optical fiber initial length, ε be shrink back because
Son, rWTo bore lumbar region diameter, it is assumed that the cone lumbar region diameter L of conical fiberWIt is uniform.
Cone one conical fiber probe of preparation is drawn again by fused biconical taper method, probe is placed on to the beam of tapered fiber
Light splitting coupling is carried out on the domain of lumbar region.Fused biconical taper legal system makees the tensile elongation of conical fiber and the relationship of fiber radius r are as follows:
Adjustable optic fibre coupler is mainly to realize attenuated optical signal using the coupling between two conical fibers.So adopting
Theory analysis is carried out to attenuator model with coupled-mode theory.In view of double-tapered fiber and probe-type conical fiber are all single modes
Step weakly guiding optical fiber meets the condition of local area mode coupling, can carry out theory analysis with local mode- coupled theory.It is led weak
Under approximate with weak coupling, ignore self-coupling effect, it is assumed that optical fiber is without absorption loss then coupled wave equation are as follows:
A (z) in formula, B (z) are the mould field amplitudes of two optical fiber,It is that longitudinal mould of the optical fiber under encouragement state passes
Constant is broadcast,It is the coefficient of coup, is believed that under actual conditionsWithValue be it is equal, solve:
Wherein,
The coefficient of coup are as follows:
Wherein ρ is fiber radius；D is the distance of two fiber optic hubs；U is fibre core transverse propagation constant；W is that covering laterally declines
Subtract constant；V is the normalized frequency of isolated optical fiber；K0、K1It is that zero and first order corrects the second class Bessel function.Coupler
Power distribution is given by:
F2It is the maximum coupled power between two optical fiber.Coupling regime is can be found that according to above-mentioned formula (6) and formula (7)
Power is periodical exchange.This shows that two interaction waveguides may be implemented by selecting suitable interaction length
Between arbitrary power distribution.
When not considering the transmissivity of coupling optical system, coupling efficiency depends primarily on incident field and is distributed in single mode optical fiber
The overlapping area of middle basement membrane field distribution, integral domain are entire coupling surface.The coupling ratio for defining optical attenuator is to stay in drawing cone light
The ratio between the transimission power in power and coupled into optical fibres probe in fibre:
Eif(r, θ) is incident field intensity, Eff(r, θ) is coupled to the mode distributions of double-tapered fiber, Ejf(r, θ) is coupling
To the mode distributions of tapered probe, r is conical fiber radius, and θ is incident angle.Coupling ratio and cone of light as the above analysis
Fine radius r and incident angle θ have very big relationship.
There are mainly three types of be respectively rubbing down method, etch and fused biconical taper method for the preparation method of conical fiber.With molten daraf(reciprocal of farad)
The characteristics of optical taper of production is that the covering of optical fiber and the diameter of fibre core are tapered along optical fiber axial direction.It is general to be believed that whole
The diameter ratio of a cone lumbar region, covering and fibre core is kept constant.Conical fiber probe be then conical fiber is broken rapidly or
Truncation, section self-assembling formation smooth flat.The method of this production optical taper is easy to control, favorable repeatability, at cone rear surface
It is smooth, it is a kind of more satisfactory production method.
The SME-28e single mode optical fiber that the present invention selects Corning Incorporated to produce is as tapered fiber, cladding radius R1=62.5 μ
M, fiber core radius R2=4.1 μm, if drawing cone length l=14mm.By draw cone-shaped function calculate conical fiber cone waist
The cladding radius R in area11=2.765 μm, fiber core radius R21=0.1814 μm, cladding index n1=1.4629, fiber core refractive index
n2=1.4682, the size of probe is as conical fiber.Using Mode solution as simulation software, parsed using EME
Device calculates entire coupling length, and EME method is a kind of complete vector sum bidirectional technique to solve Maxwell equation.This method according to
Rely in the basic set that the mode decomposition of electromagnetic field is eigen mode, by the way that geometry is divided into multiple units and then solves adjacent list
The mode of interface between member calculates.Incident light λ=the 1550nm for selecting wavelength to be is squeezed into from port 1 (as shown in Figure 1)
The fibre core of conical fiber, and the field distribution situation of monitor observation coupler is set.
In order to increase contact surface, conical fiber probe is around several circles of conical fiber, as shown in Fig. 2, can obtain
Obtain better adsorption effect.
It is 5 ° that Fig. 3 (a) to Fig. 3 (d), which is respectively angle provided by the present invention, 30 °, 70 °, and 90 ° of mode distributions figure.By
Fig. 3 can be seen that the increase with angle, is coupled to the light field inside probe and gradually weakens.When angle α increases to 70 ° of Shi Rutu
Shown in 3 (c), it can be seen that other than there are coupling mode distributions in the part that probe is close to conical fiber cone lumbar region, probe lift
There is no optical field distribution inside high part fiber, i.e. optic fibre end does not have light output.From Fig. 3 (d) it can be seen that when angle α is greater than
Probe raised portion after 70 ° can determine the critical angle of light field output by mode distributions simulation all without optical field distribution
It is approximately 60 °.
Fig. 4 is the fiber coupler distribution of light intensity distribution map that angle provided by the present invention is 30 °.Such as with angle [alpha]=30 °
Coupling ratio is calculated for shown in Fig. 3 (b), the coupled mode curve of field distribution of fiber coupler is as shown in Figure 4.Left region is to draw cone
The mould field of optical fiber, right region are the mould field of tapered probe.It is integrated respectively and compares the coupling for obtaining fiber coupler
Than.When angle α=30 °, coupling ratio 1.05 illustrates that this is light field in probe as the distribution of light intensity of tapered fiber
(i.e. coupling ratio is approximately 50%: 50%).
Fig. 5 is that probe provided by the present invention and conical fiber bore the angle α of lumbar region and the relation curve of coupling ratio η.It can be with
Find out, as the increase coupling ratio η of angle α is also with increase, curve carries out linear fit, it can be seen that angle α and coupling ratio η
Relation curve approximation and straight line y=0.48843+0.02038x, and then it can be concluded that the novel optical fiber coupler of this structure can
To carry out the linear modulation of light.Therefore, the luminous intensity for being coupled into probe optical fiber can be realized by changing angle, come with this real
Now fiber coupler is tunable.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler characterized by comprising a conical fiber and a conical fiber probe；
The conical fiber include fibre core and be wrapped in the fibre core outer surface covering；The radius of its covering and fibre core is pressed
According to drawing cone-shaped function variation；
The conical fiber probe is the tapered fiber that one end has male-tapered structure；
The conical fiber probe is placed on the cone lumbar region of conical fiber；Conical fiber probe and conical fiber are at cone lumbar region
It is adsorbed by Van der Waals for and electrostatic force.
2. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that conical fiber probe and cone of light
Fibre is configured to be placed in parallel at the cone lumbar region.
3. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that conical fiber probe and cone of light
Fibre is configured to conical fiber probe around the conical fiber at the cone lumbar region.
4. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the conical fiber and cone of light
Fine probe is all made of by the method for single mode optical fiber fused biconical taper, and the cone waist diameter of the conical fiber is less than or equal to 5 μm.
5. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 4, which is characterized in that initial radium is 62.5 μm, fine
Core radius is 4.1 μm, and drawing cone length is 14mm, and the cladding radius for boring lumbar region is 2.765 μm, and fiber core radius is 0.1814 μm, packet
Layer refractive index is 1.4629, fiber core refractive index 1.4682.
6. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the system of the conical fiber probe
Preparation Method are as follows: the conical fiber after cone will be drawn to break or be truncated.
7. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that conical fiber probe to be placed on
The cone lumbar region of conical fiber, coincidence length are 2mm.
8. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the central wavelength of incident light
For 1550nm or 1064nm.
9. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that by adjusting probe and cone
The size of the angle of shape optical taper lumbar region adjusts the luminous intensity for being coupled into probe optical fiber, and then adjusts the coupling of fiber coupler
Than.
10. coupling ratio adjustable optic fibre coupler according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that probe and conical fiber are bored
The angle α of lumbar region changes to 90 ° from 5 °.
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