CN110286068B - 2D simulation experiment method for soil particle flowing condition in vibration compaction process - Google Patents
2D simulation experiment method for soil particle flowing condition in vibration compaction process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2D simulation experiment method for soil particle flowing state in vibration compaction process, which comprises the steps of preparing a wooden box with a transparent front wall and detachably adjustable left and right walls, preparing a group of aluminum rods with different diameters, marking different colors on the end surfaces of the aluminum rods according to the different diameters, mixing the aluminum rods according to a certain proportion, wrapping gauze and fine sand on the surfaces of the aluminum rods to simulate an internal friction angle, simulating cohesive force by using butter or slow-drying weak-viscosity glue, manufacturing small loading equipment, paving the aluminum rods in the carton, measuring and calculating porosity before experiment, starting compaction experiment, measuring and calculating porosity after compaction, comparing the porosity before and after compaction, determining compaction effect, observing pictures obtained by a high-speed camera, and analyzing a microscopic motion mechanism. The invention can conveniently and detailedly simulate the flowing state of soil particles in the vibration compaction process, provides convenience for explaining the vibration compaction mechanism from a microscopic angle, and provides an intuitive and effective experimental means for researching the relation between microscopic motion and macroscopic parameters in the vibration compaction process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of road engineering, and particularly relates to a method for performing 2D experimental simulation on soil particle flowing conditions in a vibration compaction process by using an aluminum bar.
Background
In recent years, as the traffic volume of roads is gradually heavy, the load of vehicles is gradually increased, and the running time of the roads is continuously prolonged, the roads are easy to be damaged by sinking, potholes, water damage, cracks, ruts and the like in the operation process. In order to adapt to a new traffic environment, prolong the service life of a highway and improve the service quality, broad scholars put forward higher requirements on the compaction quality of a roadbed and a road surface. The good compaction quality can effectively improve the strength and rigidity of the soil foundation filling and the pavement material, and the water impermeability and the overall stability of the compacted material are obviously improved, so that the roadbed and the pavement are prevented from exceeding standard deformation under the influence of vehicle load and other factors, and the structure of a soil body is forced to be damaged. The experience of road construction shows that: the compaction operation of the roadbed and the road surface is a very effective and economic technical measure for ensuring the due stability and strength of the road surface and the soil foundation.
In order to improve the quality of vibrocompaction, experts and scholars have conducted a great deal of research on vibrocompaction techniques. In the initial development of vibratory compaction technology, researchers have focused on improving the compaction machinery itself and often overlooked the knowledge of the motion and response of the compacted material itself. Through a large amount of experimental research and grope, the scholars gradually realize that a more ideal compaction effect can be obtained only by comprehensively considering the association of compaction equipment and compacted materials, so that the concept of a dynamic system of 'machinery-ground' is developed, a vibration roller and the compacted materials form a closed-loop vibration system, and then the research aiming at the vibration compaction technology is mostly established on the basis of the system.
At present, the research on the vibration system at home and abroad is mainly divided into a macro aspect and a micro aspect. Firstly, on a macroscopic level, soil is mainly simplified into an elastic-damping element to establish a road roller-soil system dynamic model with different degrees of freedom, and a numerical simulation analysis method is adopted to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the system; or by a finite element analysis method, assuming the soil as a continuous and uniform elastic or elastic-plastic structure, and performing mechanical response analysis by simulating construction load; also can simulate the construction scene through the method of outdoor experiment way or indoor reduced scale experiment, but these experimental method work volume is too big, the cost is too high, even if indoor reduced scale experiment, in order to guarantee small-size road roller's influence range and certain movement distance, it is also very high to experiment consumptive material and experimental groove volume requirement, and these experiments can only all reach macroscopic parameters such as soil body displacement, vibration acceleration, to the soil particle flow state among the vibratory compaction process, microcosmic mechanism such as closely knit, packing can not reveal yet. In the aspect of microcosmic, most of the previous researches are focused on discrete element simulation analysis, but effective microcosmic experiments are always lack of being combined with the discrete element simulation analysis, so that the processes of particle movement, filling and gap decay in the soil compaction link are really disclosed, and the macroscopic dynamic response is explained from the view point of microcosmic movement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 2D simulation test method for the soil particle flow state in the vibration compaction process, so that the processes of void decay, particle movement and filling in the soil compaction process can be observed and recorded in detail, and an experimental means is provided for researching the micro-action mechanism of vibration compaction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method adopted by the invention is as follows: A2D simulation experiment method for soil particle flowing condition in a vibration compaction process comprises the following steps:
step 1: a cuboid wooden box is prepared, the front wall of the box is transparent, and the left wall and the right wall of the box are detachable, so that the length of the wooden box can be conveniently adjusted.
Step 2: selecting an aluminum bar to simulate soil particles, preparing a group of aluminum bars, wherein the length of each aluminum bar is slightly less than the width of a wooden box but greater than 2/3 of the width of the wooden box, the diameter of each aluminum bar is selected according to grading requirements, and the end faces of the aluminum bars with different diameters are coated with different colors;
and step 3: simulating soil body cohesion and an internal friction angle, and for sandy soil, wrapping a layer of gauze on the periphery of an aluminum rod to provide friction; for the cohesive soil, on the basis of the operation, the aluminum bar is soaked or coated with a layer of butter on the surface of the aluminum bar to provide substrate suction and simulate cohesive force, if the requirement on the cohesive force is higher, a paste solution diluted by water or a slow-drying weak-viscosity glue such as building 801 glue is selected and coated on the surface of the aluminum bar to provide chemical cementing effect;
and 4, step 4: simulating loading equipment, and manufacturing a road roller model, wherein a pressing wheel of the road roller model is provided with a driving motor;
and 5: weighing the processed aluminum bar, wherein the mass is m, the density of the aluminum bar is G2.69G/cm 3, the volume of the aluminum bar is V1 m/G, then paving the aluminum bar in a wooden box, slightly leveling the aluminum bar into a cuboid, measuring the length, the width and the height of the cuboid, calculating the volume of the cuboid to be V2, and calculating the porosity of e1 to be (1-V1/V2) 100%;
step 6: pushing a road roller model to move, starting a motor in the 1 st to 2 nd round trip to serve as initial pressure, starting the motor in the next round trip for a plurality of times, starting the motor in the forward process, closing the motor in the backward process to simulate re-pressure, simultaneously shooting and recording the whole process by using a high-speed camera, measuring the volume of the cuboid of the aluminum bar after loading is finished, marking the volume as V3, and calculating the porosity e2 to be (1-V1/V3) 100%;
and 7: and comparing the porosity e1 with the porosity e2, confirming the compaction effect, observing the motion process of the aluminum bar with different colors according to the picture data obtained by the high-speed camera, and analyzing the microcosmic motion rule.
As a modification of the invention, the length, width and height of the rectangular wood box in the step 1 are respectively selected to be 60cm, 15cm and 20 cm.
As a modification of the invention, the number of compaction passes in step 6 is 2 for the initial compaction and 4 for the second compaction.
As an improvement of the invention, if a larger internal friction angle needs to be simulated in the step 3, dense gauze is selected, a certain amount of fine sand is scattered on the inner surface of the gauze according to the requirement, and then the gauze is adhered to the periphery of the aluminum bar, so that the internal friction angle is adjusted.
As an improvement of the invention, in the step 2, the diameter of the aluminum bar is selected from 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 9.0mm and is mixed according to a certain proportion.
As an improvement of the invention, the manufacturing steps of the road roller model are as follows: selecting an empty pop can, cutting the empty pop can along the middle, uniformly and symmetrically sticking a certain amount of steel balls as balance weights on the inner wall of the empty pop can by using an adhesive tape, then selecting one half of the empty pop can, fixing a small motor at the center of the cross section of the opening of the empty pop can, fixing an eccentric steel ball on a rotating shaft of the motor, re-sticking the two halves of pop can by using the adhesive tape, wrapping a layer of abrasive paper on the surface of the pop can, then respectively fixing a plastic short pipe at the center of the cross sections of the two ends of the pop can, finally preparing an L-shaped small rod, inserting the short edge of the L-shaped small rod into the plastic short pipe, and fixedly supporting the long edge of the L-shaped small rod on a trolley.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the conventional vibration compaction simulation test method, the method has the following obvious advantages:
(1) economic nature, at present to the simulation experiment of vibrocompaction, conventional way is at outdoor laying experiment road or at indoor utilizing small-size road roller to carry out the scale experiment, but either, the experimental work volume is all very huge, the experiment cost is too high, even if indoor scale experiment, in order to guarantee small-size road roller's influence scope and certain movement distance, the experimental consumptive material volume of required experiment groove size and pavement all is not a little worth. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of small size of the required wooden box, low consumption of the aluminum bar, low experiment cost, short preparation period and convenient operation.
(2) Microcosmic, outdoor experiment way or indoor scale experiment all belong to the simulation experiment on the macroscopic level, and the experimental data that obtain all are macroscopic parameters including displacement, soil pressure, acceleration etc. but can't reflect to the motion filling mechanism on the soil particle microcosmic level, and this experiment uses the aluminium bar to simulate soil particle, reflects the microcosmic process of vibration compaction on the two-dimensional level, and shoot the record with high-speed camera, the convenient deep research to microcosmic mechanism.
The invention can conveniently and detailedly simulate the flowing state of soil particles in the vibration compaction process, provides convenience for explaining the vibration compaction mechanism from a microscopic angle, and provides an intuitive and effective experimental means for researching the relation between microscopic motion and macroscopic parameters in the vibration compaction process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific experimental apparatus according to the present invention. Among them are: 1. an aluminum bar; 2. compacting wheels; 3. balancing weight by steel balls; 4. a trolley is provided.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a 2D simulation experiment method for soil particle flow condition in a vibration compaction process, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: prepare a cuboid wooden case, the antetheca of case is transparent glass, is convenient for observe, and the left and right wall of case is detachable, is convenient for adjust the length of wooden case according to the experiment needs.
Step 2: a group of aluminum bars is prepared, the length of the aluminum bars is slightly smaller than the width of a wooden box but larger than 2/3 of the width of the wooden box, the diameter of the aluminum bars can be selected according to the grading requirements, generally, the aluminum bars can be formed by mixing 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 9.0mm and the like according to a certain proportion, and the end faces of the aluminum bars with different diameters are coated with different colors, so that the aluminum bars are convenient to observe.
And step 3: and simulating soil mass cohesion and internal friction angle. For sandy soil, only an internal friction angle exists, so that a layer of gauze wraps the periphery of the aluminum rod to provide friction force, if a larger internal friction angle needs to be simulated, dense gauze is selected, a certain amount of fine sand is spread on the inner surface of the gauze according to needs, and then the gauze is adhered to the periphery of the aluminum rod, so that the adjustment of the internal friction angle is realized. For cohesive soil, both cohesive force and internal friction angle exist, in order to simulate the shearing strength of the cohesive soil, an aluminum bar is soaked or a layer of butter is coated on the surface of the aluminum bar on the basis of the operation, if the requirement on the cohesive force is higher, slow-drying weak-viscosity glue such as a paste solution diluted by water or building 801 glue is selected and coated on the surface of the aluminum bar, so that the chemical cementing effect is provided.
And 4, step 4: and simulating the loading equipment. Selecting an empty bottle pop can, cutting the empty bottle pop can along the middle, uniformly and symmetrically sticking a certain amount of steel balls as balance weights on the inner wall of the empty bottle pop can by using an adhesive tape, then selecting one half of the empty bottle pop can, fixing a small motor at the center of the cross section of the opening of the empty bottle pop can, fixing an eccentric steel ball on a rotating shaft of the motor, re-sticking the two half pop cans by using the adhesive tape, wrapping a layer of abrasive paper on the surface of the two half pop cans, fixing a plastic short pipe at the center of the cross sections of the two ends of the pop can respectively, finally preparing an L-shaped small rod, inserting the short edge of the L-shaped small rod into the plastic short pipe, and fixedly supporting the long edge of the L-shaped small rod on a trolley, thereby completing a road roller model.
And 5: the treated aluminum bar was weighed with the mass m and the density G of the aluminum bar 2.69G/cm3The volume occupied by the aluminum bar is V1m/G, thenSpreading the aluminum bar in a wooden box, slightly leveling the aluminum bar into a cuboid, measuring the length, the width and the height of the cuboid, and calculating the volume of the cuboid to be V2Calculating the porosity as e1＝(1-V1/V2)*100％。
Step 6: the pop can is pushed by the trolley from one end, the motor is not started for 1 st to 2 nd round trip to serve as initial pressure, the motor is started when the pop can goes forward and is closed when the pop can goes back for a plurality of times to simulate re-pressing, and meanwhile, the whole process is recorded by shooting with a high-speed camera. After the loading is finished, the volume of the cuboid of the aluminum bar is measured and is marked as V3Calculating the porosity e2＝(1-V1/V3)*100％。
And 7: comparative porosity e1And e2And confirming the compaction effect. And observing the motion process of the aluminum bars with different colors according to the picture data obtained by shooting by the high-speed camera, and analyzing the microcosmic motion rule.
Example 1:
the determination method of the invention has been well tested and verified. The method of the invention simulates the micro-flow process of soil particles in the vibration compaction process.
The instruments and materials required for this embodiment include:
the length, the width and the height of the cuboid wooden box are respectively 60cm, 15cm and 20cm, the front wall of the box is made of transparent glass, and the left wall and the right wall of the box are detachable; a group of aluminum bars 1 respectively comprise four different diameters of 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 9.0mm, and the number of each diameter is several; 2, empty pop-top can; one trolley 4; a small electric motor; a plurality of counterweight steel balls 3, two plastic short pipes and two L-shaped small rods; one electronic scale and one measuring scale; one piece of gauze, sand paper, a color pen, an adhesive tape and glue are arranged on the high-speed camera.
Preparing a cuboid wooden box and an aluminum bar, wherein the aluminum bar contains four different diameters of 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 9.0mm and the like, the end surfaces of the aluminum bar are respectively coated with different colors, the aluminum bar and the aluminum bar are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:4:2:1, the outer surface of the aluminum bar is coated with glue, a layer of gauze is wrapped, and a loading equipment model is assembled by using materials such as pop-top cans, steel balls, motors, trolleys and the like.
Weighing aluminiumThe mass of the rod is 12.11kg, and the density of the aluminum rod is G2.69G/cm3The volume occupied by the aluminum bar is V1＝12.11×1000÷2.69＝4502cm3Spreading the aluminum bar in a wooden box, slightly leveling the aluminum bar into a cuboid, measuring and calculating the volume of the cuboid to be V2＝5868cm3Calculating the porosity as e1＝(1-4502/5868)×100％＝23.3％。
Pushing the pop can by a trolley, starting from one end, pressing for 2 times at first time and pressing for 4 times again, simultaneously recording and shooting by using a high-speed camera, and measuring the volume V of the cuboid of the aluminum bar once after loading is finished3＝4902cm3Calculating the porosity e2＝(1-4502/4902)×100％＝8.2％。
Comparative porosity e1And e2The porosity is greatly attenuated, and although a certain difference is still existed between the porosity and the compaction degree of the actual engineering, the compaction effect of the experiment is very obvious and is enough for effectively simulating the actual vibration compaction. And after the experiment is determined to be effective, analyzing the micro motion process of the soil particles according to the picture data obtained by the high-speed camera, and summarizing the relevant rules.
It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A2D simulation experiment method for soil particle flow condition in a vibration compaction process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a cuboid wooden box, wherein the front wall of the box is transparent, and the left wall and the right wall of the box are detachable, so that the length of the wooden box can be conveniently adjusted;
step 2: selecting an aluminum bar to simulate soil particles, preparing a group of aluminum bars, wherein the length of each aluminum bar is smaller than the width of a wooden box but larger than 2/3 of the width of the wooden box, the diameter of each aluminum bar is selected according to grading requirements, and the end faces of the aluminum bars with different diameters are coated with different colors;
and step 3: simulating soil body cohesion and an internal friction angle, and for sandy soil, wrapping a layer of gauze on the periphery of an aluminum rod to provide friction; for the cohesive soil, on the basis of the operation, an aluminum bar is soaked or a layer of butter is coated on the surface of the aluminum bar to provide a substrate suction force and simulate cohesive force, if the requirement on the cohesive force is higher, a paste solution diluted by water or a slow-drying weak-viscosity adhesive is selected and coated on the surface of the aluminum bar to provide a chemical cementing effect;
and 4, step 4: simulating loading equipment, and manufacturing a road roller model, wherein a pressing wheel of the road roller model is provided with a driving motor; the manufacturing steps of the road roller model are as follows: selecting an empty pop can, cutting the empty pop can along the middle, uniformly and symmetrically sticking a certain amount of steel balls as balance weights on the inner wall of the empty pop can by using an adhesive tape, then selecting one half of the empty pop can, fixing a small motor at the center of the cross section of the opening of the empty pop can, fixing an eccentric steel ball on a rotating shaft of the motor, re-sticking the two halves of pop cans by using the adhesive tape, wrapping a layer of abrasive paper on the surface of the two halves of pop cans, fixing a plastic short pipe at the center of the cross section of each of the two ends of the pop can, finally preparing an L-shaped small rod, inserting the short edge of the L-shaped small rod into the plastic short pipe, and fixedly supporting the long edge of the L-shaped small rod on a trolley;
and 5: the treated aluminum bar was weighed with the mass m and the aluminum bar density G =2.69G/cm3The volume occupied by the aluminum bar is V1= m/G, then paving the aluminum bar in a wooden box, leveling the aluminum bar into a cuboid, measuring the length, width and height of the cuboid, and calculating the volume of the cuboid to be V2Calculating the porosity as e1=(1- V1/ V2)*100%；
Step 6: promote road roller model and move, the motor is not opened to 1 st ~2 round trip to as the initial pressure, and a plurality of times round trip later, start the motor when advancing, close the motor when returning, with the simulation repression, record the overall process with high-speed camera shooting simultaneously, after the loading, at the volume of measuring the aluminium bar cuboid, mark as V3Calculating the porosity e2=(1- V1/ V3)*100%；
And 7: comparative porosity e1And e2Confirming the compacting effect and shooting according to a high-speed cameraAnd observing the motion process of the aluminum bars with different colors according to the obtained photo data, and analyzing the microcosmic motion rule.
2. The method for 2D simulation experiment of soil particle flow during vibratory compaction of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length, width and height of the cuboid wooden box in the step 1 are respectively selected to be 60cm, 15cm and 20 cm.
3. The method for 2D simulation experiment of soil particle flow during vibratory compaction of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 6, performing primary pressing and selection for 2 times and performing secondary pressing and selection for 4 times.
4. The method for 2D simulation experiment of soil particle flow during vibratory compaction of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 3, if a larger internal friction angle needs to be simulated, selecting dense gauze, spreading a certain amount of fine sand on the inner surface of the gauze according to the requirement, and then adhering the gauze to the periphery of the aluminum bar to realize the adjustment of the internal friction angle.
5. The method for 2D simulation experiment of soil particle flow during vibratory compaction of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, the diameter of the aluminum bar is selected from 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 9.0mm and is mixed according to a certain proportion.
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| CN110865175A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-06 | 东南大学 | Modular variable cross section road bed compaction model analogue means |
| CN110849728A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 东南大学 | Intelligent compaction device capable of automatically controlling and adjusting compaction speed and application method thereof |
| CN111077066A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 东南大学 | Model test method for simulating intelligent compaction of pavement structure |
| CN111272614A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-12 | 中南大学 | Test device and method for researching vibration compaction mechanism of coarse-grained soil |
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| CN108507878A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-07 | 中铁建设集团有限公司 | A kind of soil pressure simulating test device and method |
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