CN110285473B - Solar heat collection heating system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Solar heat collection heating system and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN110285473B
CN110285473B CN201910570801.4A CN201910570801A CN110285473B CN 110285473 B CN110285473 B CN 110285473B CN 201910570801 A CN201910570801 A CN 201910570801A CN 110285473 B CN110285473 B CN 110285473B
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water
temperature
fuzzy
heat collection
outer box
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CN110285473A (en
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高晓红
杨小天
赵阳
杨佳
迟耀丹
杨帆
闫兴振
王立光
赵春雷
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Jilin Jianzhu University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar heat collection heating system, comprising: the heat collection system is used for collecting solar heat energy; the water storage system is communicated with the heat collection system through a first circulating pump and is used for realizing heat exchange with the heat collection system; and the heat supply system is communicated with the water storage system through a second circulating pump and is used for realizing heat exchange with the water storage system. The invention also provides a control method of the solar heat collection heating system, which can collect the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box, and output the rotating speed of the first circulating pump based on a fuzzy control method to realize rapid heat exchange. The shielding area of the electric curtain can be controlled when the temperature difference between the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box exceeds the maximum temperature difference value, so that the service life of the heat collection water bag is prolonged, and the use safety of the heat collection heating system is improved. And when the illumination intensity is low, the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device can be controlled to meet the heating requirement.

Description

Solar heat collection heating system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar heat collection heating, in particular to a solar heat collection heating system and a control method thereof.
Background
Solar energy is taken as renewable energy with great application prospect, is fully fused with the building energy-saving technology, can effectively reduce energy consumption and building operation cost, and can save the energy cost by more than 40-60% by utilizing the maximum efficiency of the solar energy; meanwhile, the clean and green solar energy is adopted, so that the pollution of mineral fuel to the environment can be effectively avoided, and the solar energy and mineral fuel combined device has very positive significance in energy conservation, environmental protection and cost reduction. The solar energy can be fully utilized in the building, so that people can enjoy the healthy life brought by green energy, and the solar energy building has great potential in solving the problem of energy supply and saving energy and protecting environment.
The existing solar heat collection device only realizes collection and heating of solar heat energy under the condition of sufficient strong light, but does not consider that when sunlight is too sufficient, the temperature of the heat collector is too high, so that the damage of the heat collector can be caused, the service life is prolonged, and meanwhile, when the illumination intensity is lower, the heat-clearing heating can not be well realized, so that a series of problems are urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and develop a solar heat collection heating system, which realizes heat exchange through a heat collection system, a water storage system and a heating system and has a simple structure.
The invention also aims to design and develop a control method of the solar heat collection heating system, which can collect the water temperature in the hot water bag and the water temperature in the outer box and output the rotating speed of the first circulating pump based on a fuzzy control method to realize rapid heat exchange.
The invention can also control the shielding area of the electric curtain when the temperature difference between the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box exceeds the maximum temperature difference value, thereby prolonging the service life of the heat collection water bag and improving the use safety of the heat collection heating system.
The invention can also meet the heating requirement by controlling the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device when the illumination intensity is lower.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a solar thermal collection heating system comprising:
the heat collection system is used for collecting solar heat energy; and
the water storage system is communicated with the heat collection system through a first circulating pump and is used for realizing heat exchange with the heat collection system;
and the heat supply system is communicated with the water storage system through a second circulating pump and is used for realizing heat exchange with the water storage system.
Preferably, the heat collecting system includes:
a glass housing, the top surface of which is obliquely arranged; and
the heat collection water bag is flatly laid in the glass shell and is communicated with the water storage system through the first circulating pump;
a thermally conductive strip disposed on the glass housing;
the polystyrene board is arranged below the heat collection water bag and used for preserving heat of the heat collection water bag;
a water emptying and draining valve which is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom surface of the heat collecting water bag and is used for emptying the water in the heat collecting water bag;
and the electric curtain is arranged above the glass shell and is used for selectively shielding sunlight.
Preferably, the water storage system includes:
the outer box is communicated with the heat collection water bag through a first circulating pump and is communicated with the heat supply system through a second circulating pump;
an inner tank which is arranged in the outer tank, is isolated from the outer tank and is used for storing domestic water;
and the electric auxiliary heating device is connected with the outer box and is used for heating the water in the outer box.
Preferably, the solar water heater further comprises an automatic water replenishing device which is communicated with the heat collection water bag and is used for replenishing water to the heat collection water bag.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a plurality of temperature sensors respectively arranged in the heat collecting water bag and the outer box and used for detecting the water temperatures in the heat collecting water bag and the outer box;
a plurality of rotation speed sensors respectively arranged on the impellers of the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump and used for detecting rotation speed;
the light intensity sensor is arranged on the top surface of the glass shell and used for detecting the illumination intensity;
the pressure sensor is arranged in the outer box and used for detecting the water pressure in the outer box;
and the controller is connected with the temperature sensor, the light intensity sensor, the pressure sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the electric auxiliary heating device, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump, the clearance drain valve and the electric curtain, is used for receiving the detection data of the temperature sensor, the light intensity sensor, the pressure sensor and the rotating speed sensor, and controls the electric auxiliary heating device, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump, the clearance drain valve and the electric curtain to work.
A control method for solar heat-collecting heating system includes a fuzzy controller for collecting light intensity according to sampling period when light intensity is Is≥4.5×104lx is:
the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsInputting a fuzzy controller, the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxs7 grades are divided;
the fuzzy controller outputs the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump, and the output is divided into 7 grades;
the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcHas a fuzzy domain of [0, 1]]A quantization factor of 70; the water temperature T in the outer boxsHas a fuzzy domain of [0, 1]]The quantization factor is 60; the fuzzy domain of the rotating speed n of the output first circulating pump is [0, 1%]The quantization factor is 5000;
the fuzzy set of inputs and outputs is { NB, NM, NS, 0, PS, PM, PB }.
Preferably, the fuzzy PID controller is further included:
inputting the water temperature T in the water collecting bag in the ith sampling periodcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Δ T and temperature difference threshold Δ TtThe proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the PID are output, and the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient are input into a PID controller to carry out the rotation speed error compensation control of the first circulating pump.
It is preferable that the first and second liquid crystal layers are formed of,
the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcAnd in the outer boxWater temperature TsTemperature difference Δ T and temperature difference threshold Δ TtThe ambiguity field of the deviation e of (a) is [ -1,1]The quantization factor is 30; the ambiguity domain of the deviation change rate ec is [ -1,1 [ ]]The quantization factor is 3;
the fuzzy domain of the proportional coefficient of the output PID is [ -1,1], and the quantization factor of the output PID is 0.1; the fuzzy domain of the proportional-integral coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantization factor of the proportional-integral coefficient is 0.1; the ambiguity domain of the differential coefficients is
[ -1,1], with a quantization factor of 0.0001;
the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec are divided into 7 grades; the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are divided into 7 grades;
the fuzzy set of the input and output of the fuzzy PID controller is { NB, NM, NS, 0, PS, PM, PB }.
It is preferable that the first and second liquid crystal layers are formed of,
when the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Delta T is more than or equal to Delta TmaxAnd when the electric curtain is controlled to shield the glass shell, the shielding area meets the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002110817800000041
wherein S is the shielding area of the electric curtain0Is the top surface area of the heat collecting water bag, n01Is the basic speed of the first circulation pump, xi is the correction coefficient, VoIs the maximum volume, V, of water contained in the outer boxiIs the maximum volume of water contained in the inner tank, Δ TmaxIs the maximum value of the temperature difference;
when the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Delta T is less than or equal to Delta TminWhen the first circulating pump stops working;
in the formula,. DELTA.TminThe temperature difference is minimal.
Preferably, when the illumination intensity Is＜4.5×104And in lx, the electric auxiliary heating device works, and the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device is controlled to meet the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002110817800000042
wherein T is the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device, lambda is the correction coefficient, nsAt a rotational speed of the second circulation pump, n02Is the basic speed, T, of the second circulation pumpgTemperature required for heating, T0Setting the basic heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device;
wherein, the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagc≤TminWhen the water in the water collecting bag is drained, the first circulating pump stops working, and the emptying drain valve is controlled to be opened to empty the water in the water collecting bag;
in the formula, TminIs the lowest threshold value of the water temperature in the water collecting bag.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the solar heat collection heating system designed and developed by the invention realizes heat exchange through the heat collection system, the water storage system and the heating system, and has a simple structure.
(2) The control method of the solar heat collection heating system designed and developed by the invention can collect the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box, and output the rotating speed of the first circulating pump based on a fuzzy control method to realize rapid heat exchange. The shielding area of the electric curtain can be controlled when the temperature difference between the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box exceeds the maximum temperature difference value, so that the service life of the heat collection water bag is prolonged, and the use safety of the heat collection heating system is improved. And when the illumination intensity is low, the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device can be controlled to meet the heating requirement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a solar heat collection heating system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a control schematic of the fuzzy controller and fuzzy PID controller according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the temperature T of water in the input hot water collecting bag of the fuzzy controllercA membership function graph of (1).
FIG. 4 is a fuzzy controller in accordance with the present inventionWater temperature T input into the outer boxsA membership function graph of (1).
Fig. 5 is a graph of the membership function of the output first circulation pump n of the fuzzy controller according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the membership function of the input deviation e of the fuzzy PID controller according to the invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of membership function for the input offset rate of change ec of the fuzzy PID controller according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is the output scaling factor K of the fuzzy PID controller according to the inventionpA membership function graph of (1).
FIG. 9 is the output proportional integral coefficient K of the fuzzy PID controller according to the inventioniA membership function graph of (1).
FIG. 10 is the output differential coefficient K of the fuzzy PID controller according to the inventiondA membership function graph of (1).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a solar heat collection heating system including: the heat collection system is used for collecting solar heat energy; the water storage system is communicated with the heat collection system through a first circulating pump and is used for realizing heat exchange with the heat collection system; and the heat supply system is communicated with the water storage system through a second circulating pump and is used for realizing heat exchange with the water storage system.
The heat collecting system comprises: the top surface of the glass shell is obliquely arranged to prevent water accumulation; the heat collection water bag is flatly laid in the glass shell and is communicated with the water storage system through the first circulating pump, and the heat collection water bag is required to be provided with a pressure sensor, an automatic exhaust valve and a manual exhaust valve, so that the damage to the water bag caused by overlarge internal air pressure at high temperature is avoided; the heat conducting belt is arranged on the glass shell and is controlled by electricity, so that the heat collecting cover plate (the glass shell) and the device are protected when snow falls in winter, and the heat collecting water bag can not be frozen at-40 ℃ in winter; a 2-5cm polystyrene board needs to be laid below the heat collection water bag to be isolated from the roof, so that the heat conduction is isolated and the heat is preserved; a water emptying and draining valve which is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom surface of the heat collecting water bag and is used for emptying the water in the heat collecting water bag; and the electric curtain is arranged above the glass shell and is used for selectively shielding sunlight.
The heat collection water bag is connected with a heat collection water storage tank (water storage system), the water storage system is connected with an indoor heating device (heating system), hot water in the heat collection water bag exchanges heat with the indoor heating device through the heat collection water storage tank, the hot water in the heat collection water bag is discharged into the heat collection water storage tank through the circulating pump at night or when the temperature is too low, and the residual water is drained through the emptying drain valve, so the emptying drain valve is required to be arranged at the lowest point of the heat collection water bag; an automatic water supply part (automatic water supply device) from tap water is directly connected to a solar heat collection system (heat collection water bag) and is conveyed by a pump; the water replenishing device is used for replenishing water to the heat collection water bag and avoiding insufficient water pressure in the heat collection water bag.
The water storage system comprises two subsystems of heat collection water storage (an outer box) and domestic water storage (an inner box), wherein the outer box is communicated with the heat collection water bag through a first circulating pump and is communicated with the heat supply system through a second circulating pump; the inner box is arranged in the outer box, is isolated from the outer box and is used for storing domestic water; the heat collection and water storage system is directly connected with the solar heat collection system and the heat supply system, and the heat energy absorption and storage and the user heat supply functions of the solar heat collection system are realized through the heat collection circulating pump and the heat supply circulating pump respectively; the domestic hot water storage system exchanges heat with the heat collection water storage system through the interlayer mechanism to achieve energy acquisition, is directly connected with municipal water supply, and achieves cyclic heating and derivation of domestic hot water by using the pressure of a tap water pipe. In non-heating seasons, the heat supply circulation function is stopped, and the heat collection and water storage system is only used as a heat source for collecting heat for storage and a domestic water storage system. The solar water heater further comprises an electric auxiliary heating device, wherein the electric auxiliary heating device is connected to the outer layer of the outer box, and the inner layer domestic water (the inner box) is heated by the heat conduction of the outer layer water tank and used for heating the water in the outer box when the illumination intensity is not enough and the heating requirement cannot be met. The connection with the heat supply pipeline needs to use a filter, the electromagnetic valve is prevented from being blocked by heat supply circulation bad water, and the two ends of the filter can be connected by using valves, so that the filter element can be conveniently replaced later. The electric auxiliary heating part can use electromagnetism to assist the heating, is connected to the outer layer of outer box, is convenient for assist the thermal treatment when the temperature does not reach the requirement.
In this embodiment, the solar water heater further comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein the temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the heat collecting water bag and the outer box and are used for detecting the water temperatures in the heat collecting water bag and the outer box; a plurality of rotation speed sensors respectively arranged on the impellers of the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump and used for detecting rotation speed; the light intensity sensor is arranged on the top surface of the glass shell and used for detecting the illumination intensity; the pressure sensor is arranged in the outer box and used for detecting the water pressure in the outer box; and the controller is connected with the temperature sensor, the light intensity sensor, the pressure sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the electric auxiliary heating device, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump, the clearance drain valve and the electric curtain, and is used for receiving detection data of the temperature sensor, the light intensity sensor, the pressure sensor and the rotating speed sensor and controlling the electric auxiliary heating device, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump, the clearance drain valve and the electric curtain to work.
The control principle is as follows:
(1) the solar heat collection device is a key component in the whole system, and mainly plays a role in collecting solar energy, heating heat storage media (such as water), performing heat exchange with water in the heat collection water storage tank through circulation, and heating the water in the heat collection water storage tank. The solar heat collecting device is generally arranged on the roof of a building or in an area with sufficient building illumination, so that good lighting conditions are ensured, and solar energy is fully absorbed. The designed solar heat collecting device mainly comprises a heat collecting water bag, a glass cover plate, a clearance drain valve, a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and the like, has the characteristics of simple structure, proper cost, strong bearing capacity, large heat absorption area and the like, and is suitable for cold buildings.
(2) The heat collection water storage tank is used for meeting the storage and supply of domestic hot water and is arranged into a double-layer structure, the outer layer of the heat collection water storage tank is solar energy circulation and heat supply circulation water, and the inner interlayer is domestic hot water;
(3) the circulating water pump is responsible for delivering hot water in the solar water storage tank to each heat supply area through circulation, and the temperature of a room is increased.
The system work flow is as follows:
(1) temperature sensor measuring points are respectively arranged at the lower parts of the solar heat collector and the heat storage water tank. In fine weather, solar heat collection absorbs solar radiation energy, and the temperature of the heat collector is continuously increased. Through detection of the sensor node, when the temperature difference between the detection point of the heat collector and the water temperature of the heat storage water tank is increased to the upper limit value, the water pump of the solar system is started to circularly heat the water temperature of the water storage tank, and the energy of the solar heat collector is continuously stored in the water storage tank;
(2) the temperature of the heat collector is gradually reduced along with the continuous circulation of water in the water storage tank, when the temperature difference between the detected temperature of the heat collector and the temperature difference of the heat storage tank reaches a set lower limit value, the water pump of the solar system is stopped, and water in the heat collector and a system pipeline is drained back to the water tank through the installation gradient of the pipeline, so that the emptying and anti-freezing effects of the system are achieved;
(3) under the condition of overcast and rainy days or insufficient solar energy, when the temperature of the water storage tank does not reach the set temperature, the auxiliary system can be started to circularly heat the water in the heat storage tank to reach the set temperature so as to meet the heating requirement;
(4) hot water in the interlayer part in the water storage tank circulates in a floor pipeline or a fan coil heating system through a heating circulating pump to supply heat to the interior of a building so as to meet the indoor temperature requirement; the heating circulating water pump can be started and stopped according to the set temperature requirement of the room;
(5) the water in the interlayer part inside the water storage tank is supplied to domestic water points such as a kitchen, a toilet and the like through the pressure of tap water, and the daily hot water requirement of a building is met.
(6) The operation state and the manual instruction setting of the system are realized according to a human-computer interaction interface operated on the touch screen.
The solar heat collection heating system designed and developed by the invention realizes heat exchange through the heat collection system, the water storage system and the heating system, and has a simple structure.
The invention also provides a control method of the solar heat collection heating system,
the method comprises the following steps of (1) acquiring illumination intensity according to a sampling period, wherein the control method comprises a fuzzy controller and a fuzzy PID controller, as shown in figure 2When the intensity of light irradiation is Is≥4.5×104lx, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsCarrying out fuzzy processing on the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump; without control, the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcHas a fuzzy domain of [0, 1]]A quantization factor of 70; the water temperature T in the outer boxsHas a fuzzy domain of [0, 1]]The quantization factor is 60; the fuzzy domain of the rotating speed n of the output first circulating pump is [0, 1%]The quantization factor is 5000; in order to ensure the accuracy of the control, to achieve a better control, the experiments were repeated to determine the optimal input and output levels, wherein the temperature of the water T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxs7 grades are divided; outputting the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump, wherein the output is divided into 7 grades; the fuzzy sets of inputs and outputs are { NB, NM, NS, 0, PS, PM, PB }. Wherein, the control rule of the fuzzy controller is as follows:
(2.1) Water temperature T in Water collecting bagcConstant water temperature T in the outer boxsIncreasing, namely reducing the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump;
(2.2) Water temperature T in outer BoxsThe water temperature T in the water collecting bag is fixedcWhen the rotation speed n is increased, the rotation speed n of the first circulating pump needs to be increased;
the specific control rules of the fuzzy control are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 fuzzy control table of first circulation pump speed
Figure BDA0002110817800000091
The fuzzy controller inputs the water temperature T in the hot water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsAnd obtaining the rotating speed n of the output first circulating pump of the fuzzy controller by using the fuzzy control rule table I, and defuzzifying the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump by using a gravity center method.
Step 2: fuzzy PID controller
The water temperature T in the water collecting bag of the ith sampling periodcAnd water in the outer boxTemperature TsTemperature difference Δ T and temperature difference threshold Δ TtThe deviation e, the deviation change rate ec, the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are subjected to fuzzy processing, and the fuzzy domain of the deviation e is [ -1,1] in the uncontrolled state]The quantization factor is 30; the ambiguity field of the deviation change rate ec is [ -1,1]The quantization factor is 3; proportional coefficient K of PIDpHas a fuzzy domain of [ -1,1 [)]The quantization factor is 0.1; proportional integral coefficient KiHas a fuzzy domain of [ -1,1 [)]The quantization factor is 0.1; differential coefficient KdHas a fuzzy domain of [ -1,1 [)]The quantification factor was 0.0001. In order to ensure the control precision and realize better control, the optimal input and output levels are determined by repeatedly carrying out experiments, wherein the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec in the fuzzy controller are divided into 7 levels; the proportional coefficient, proportional integral coefficient and differential coefficient of the output PID are divided into 7 grades; the fuzzy sets of the input and the output are { NB, NM, NS, 0, PS, PM, PB }, and the membership functions of the input and the output are triangular membership functions, as shown in detail in FIGS. 3-10. The fuzzy control rule is as follows:
1. when the deviation e is large, K is increasedpSo that the deviation is reduced rapidly, but a larger deviation change rate is generated at the same time, and a smaller K is requireddUsually take Ki＝0；
2. When ec and e are equal, K is properly reduced to avoid overshootpIs taken to be value of KiSmaller, select a proper size of Kd；
3. When the deviation e is smaller, K is increasedpKiTo avoid the unstable oscillation phenomenon near the steady state value of the system, the value of (c) is usually smaller when ec is larger than ecd(ii) a When ec is smaller, take the larger Kd(ii) a Specific fuzzy control rules are detailed in tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2PID proportionality coefficient KpFuzzy control table of
Figure BDA0002110817800000101
TABLE 3PID proportional-integral coefficient KiFuzzy control table of
Figure BDA0002110817800000102
TABLE 4 differential coefficient K of PIDdFuzzy control table of
Figure BDA0002110817800000103
Figure BDA0002110817800000111
The water temperature T input into the ith hot water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Δ T and temperature difference threshold Δ TtThe deviation e and the deviation change rate ec of the first circulating pump are output, the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the PID are output, the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient are defuzzified by a height method, and input into a PID controller to carry out error compensation control on the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump, and the control formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002110817800000112
the experiment repeatedly determines that the fuzzy PID controller accurately controls the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump, the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump is the sum of the output rotating speed of the fuzzy controller and the rotating speed error compensation value of the PID controller, so that the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump is accurately controlled, and the deviation of the rotating speed n is smaller than 0.1%.
(1) When the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Delta T is more than or equal to Delta TmaxAnd when the electric curtain is controlled to shield the glass shell, the shielding area meets the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002110817800000113
wherein S is the shielding area of the electric curtain0Is the top surface area of the heat collecting water bag, n01Is the basic speed of the first circulation pump, xi is the correction coefficient, VoIs the maximum volume, V, of water contained in the outer boxiIs the maximum volume of water contained in the inner tank, Δ TmaxIs the maximum value of the temperature difference.
(2) When the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Delta T is less than or equal to Delta TminWhen the first circulating pump stops working, water in the heat collector and the system pipeline is drained back to the water tank through the installation gradient of the pipeline, and the emptying and anti-freezing effects of the system are achieved;
in the formula,. DELTA.TminThe temperature difference is minimal.
(II) when the illumination intensity Is＜4.5×104And in lx, the electric auxiliary heating device works, and the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device is controlled to meet the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002110817800000121
wherein T is the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device, lambda is the correction coefficient, nsAt a rotational speed of the second circulation pump, n02Is the basic speed, T, of the second circulation pumpgTemperature required for heating, T0Setting the basic heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device;
wherein, the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagc≤TminWhen the water in the water collecting bag is drained, the first circulating pump stops working, and the clearance drain valve is controlled to be opened to drain the water in the water collecting bag;
in the formula, TminIs the lowest threshold value of the water temperature in the water collecting bag.
The control method of the solar heat collection heating system designed and developed by the invention can collect the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box, and output the rotating speed of the first circulating pump based on a fuzzy control method to realize rapid heat exchange. The shielding area of the electric curtain can be controlled when the temperature difference between the water temperature in the heat collection water bag and the water temperature in the outer box exceeds the maximum temperature difference value, so that the service life of the heat collection water bag is prolonged, and the use safety of the heat collection heating system is improved. And when the illumination intensity is low, the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device can be controlled to meet the heating requirement.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The control method of the solar heat collection heating system is characterized by comprising a fuzzy controller, wherein the fuzzy controller collects the illumination intensity according to the sampling period, and when the illumination intensity is Is≥4.5×104lx is:
the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsInputting a fuzzy controller, the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxs7 grades are divided;
the fuzzy controller outputs the rotating speed n of the first circulating pump, and the output is divided into 7 grades;
the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcHas a fuzzy domain of [0, 1]]A quantization factor of 70; the water temperature T in the outer boxsHas a fuzzy domain of [0, 1]]The quantization factor is 60; the fuzzy domain of the rotating speed n of the output first circulating pump is [0, 1%]The quantization factor is 5000;
the fuzzy set of inputs and outputs is { NB, NM, NS, 0, PS, PM, PB }.
2. The method of controlling a solar thermal heating system according to claim 1, further comprising a fuzzy PID controller:
inputting the water temperature T in the water collecting bag in the ith sampling periodcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Delta T and temperature difference threshold Delta TtDeviation e, deviation changeAnd the rate ec outputs the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the PID, and the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient are input into the PID controller to carry out the rotation speed error compensation control of the first circulating pump.
3. The control method of a solar thermal collection heating system according to claim 2,
the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsTemperature difference Delta T and temperature difference threshold Delta TtThe ambiguity field of the deviation e of (a) is [ -1,1]The quantization factor is 30; the ambiguity domain of the deviation change rate ec is [ -1,1 [ ]]The quantization factor is 3;
the fuzzy domain of the proportional coefficient of the output PID is [ -1,1], and the quantization factor of the output PID is 0.1; the fuzzy domain of the proportional-integral coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantization factor of the proportional-integral coefficient is 0.1; the ambiguity domain of the differential coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantization factor is 0.0001;
the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec are divided into 7 grades; the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are divided into 7 grades;
the fuzzy set of the input and output of the fuzzy PID controller is { NB, NM, NS, 0, PS, PM, PB }.
4. The control method of a solar thermal collection heating system according to claim 3,
when the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsThe temperature difference delta T is not less than delta TmaxAnd when the electric curtain is controlled to shield the glass shell, the shielding area meets the following requirements:
Figure FDA0002836973130000021
wherein S is the shielding area of the electric curtain0Is the top surface area of the heat collecting water bag, n01Is the basic speed of the first circulation pump, xi is the correction coefficient, VoIs the maximum volume, V, of water contained in the outer boxiIs the maximum volume of water contained in the inner tank, Delta TmaxIs the maximum value of the temperature difference;
when the water temperature T in the water collecting bagcAnd the water temperature T in the outer boxsThe temperature difference delta T is less than or equal to delta TminWhen the first circulating pump stops working;
in the formula, Delta TminThe temperature difference is minimal.
5. The control method of solar heat collection heating system according to claim 4, wherein the light intensity is Is<4.5×104And in lx, the electric auxiliary heating device works, and the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device is controlled to meet the following conditions:
Figure FDA0002836973130000022
wherein T is the heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device, lambda is the correction coefficient, nsAt a rotational speed of the second circulation pump, n02Is the basic speed, T, of the second circulation pumpgTemperature required for heating, T0Setting the basic heating temperature of the electric auxiliary heating device;
wherein, the temperature T of the water in the water collecting bagc≤TminWhen the water in the water collecting bag is drained, the first circulating pump stops working, and the emptying drain valve is controlled to be opened to empty the water in the water collecting bag;
in the formula, TminIs the lowest threshold value of the water temperature in the water collecting bag.
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