CN110284924A - Fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure and method for protecting support - Google Patents
Fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure and method for protecting support Download PDFInfo
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- CN110284924A CN110284924A CN201910556606.6A CN201910556606A CN110284924A CN 110284924 A CN110284924 A CN 110284924A CN 201910556606 A CN201910556606 A CN 201910556606A CN 110284924 A CN110284924 A CN 110284924A
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- adhesive bond
- class adhesive
- obturation
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- multilayer position
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure and method for protecting support, multilayer position obturation includes I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond, I class adhesive bond is located at the top of II class adhesive bond, I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond it is of same size, it is acted against at the top of I class adhesive bond on the direct top above tunnel, II class adhesive bond bottom is located on the roadway floor in goaf.Multilayer position obturation can reduce the direct roof pendant normal stress in tunnel and the stress of obturation itself is concentrated, and high stress is shifted to coal side side, optimizes the carrying environment of itself, improves the stability of obturation.I class adhesive bond relies on " deforming-the allow pressure " characteristic absorption and transfer part external loads of itself, the stress for reducing the direct roof pendant normal stress in tunnel and obturation itself is concentrated, the higher II class adhesive bond of intensity can ensure that directly to push up and providing secure support, the two combines the revolution for being adapted to directly push up and sinks, and enhances the stability of obturation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Roadway Support Technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation
Bearing structure and method for protecting support.
Background technique
Gob side entry retaining is the tailgate that the haulage way of upper curtate working face is used as to lower curtate working face, it reduces
The driving amount in tunnel alleviates the nervous situation of excavation replacement, reduces staying for coal column and sets, eliminates the stress of coal column lower regions
It concentrates, realizes the ventilation of working face Y type, solve the problems, such as face upper corner angle gas exceeding limit and accumulation.
In recent years, Chinese scholar has carried out in terms of staying lane country rock mechanics, support in mine gateway largely
Research, to stay lane wall stability and Surrounding Rock Control to establish theoretical basis abundant.Core of the filled wall as gob side entry retaining,
Stable bearer properties are particularly significant.With working face extraction, the crucial block that gob side entry retaining base object model is periodically broken to form will
It turns round to goaf side as axle center to rotate basic point, and is much larger than the sinking of entity coal side close to the sinking of wall side
Value, in the process, filled wall are to avoid fracture unstability and generate suitable " deforming-allow pressure " to adapt to directly push up very
It is necessary to.In order to reach this purpose, soft-medium is served as by clogging timber between concrete wall and directly top, is utilized
The high compression ratio of soft-medium come adapt to the revolution directly pushed up sink；Paste filling material elaborates that " upper soft lower hard " does not wait strong filling
" allow-resist " mechanism of body under the conditions of hard direct top.Reserved top coal is improved to the stress of filled wall as soft-medium
Environment.These attempt to provide new approaches further to improve the force environment of obturation, improving improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway.Gao Shui
Material because have many advantages, such as rapid hardening is early strong, intensity can flexibly reconcile easy construction due to be widely used in gob side entry retaining.But it is simple
Equally it is faced with that " deforming-allow pressure " ability is weak with the obturation that high-water material is constructed, with asking for direct top cooperative transformation ability difference
Topic, this results in obturation that the phenomenon that brutal fracture or even unstability may occur at direct top movable initial stage.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a kind of be directed to the insufficient improved technology scheme of the above-mentioned prior art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the above-mentioned obturation constructed in the prior art with high-water material merely with " deformation-
Allowing pressure " ability is weak, and with the problem for directly pushing up cooperative transformation ability difference, this results in obturation may at direct top activity initial stage
There is the phenomenon that brutal fracture or even unstability.Therefore the present invention provides a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation
Bearing structure and method for protecting support solve the above problems.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure, multilayer position obturation bearing structure position
In the top plate in goaf, being used to support in goaf；
The multilayer position obturation bearing structure includes I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond；
The I class adhesive bond is located at the top of the II class adhesive bond, acts against on tunnel at the top of the I class adhesive bond
On the directly top of side, the II class adhesive bond bottom is located on the roadway floor in goaf；
The I class adhesive bond and the II class adhesive bond it is of same size, the height of the II class adhesive bond is greater than described I
The height of class adhesive bond；
The compression ratio of the I class adhesive bond is greater than the compression ratio of the II class adhesive bond, and the rigidity of the I class adhesive bond is low
In the rigidity of the II class adhesive bond.
Fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that the I class adhesive bond
Height be the II class adhesive bond height 20%~30%, the I class adhesive bond allows pressure for deforming, the II class glue
Knot body is for carrying.
Fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that II class is cementing
Body is the high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of the first and second two kinds of slurry compositions, and first slurry main component is sulphoaluminate cement clinker, second slurry master
Wanting ingredient is lime stone-gypsum, and the proportion of the first and second two kinds of slurries is 1:1.
Fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that the I class adhesive bond
For high-water expansion material, the slurries of the I class adhesive bond are by adding air entraining agent into the slurries of the II class adhesive bond and gathering
Tacryl is made, and the air entraining agent of addition and the total amount of polypropylene fibre are no more than the 3 ‰ of I class adhesive bond slurries total amount；
Further preferably, the compression ratio of the I class adhesive bond is 6 ‰~10 ‰.
Fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that the I class adhesive bond
Height be 0.5m, the height of the II class adhesive bond is 2.5m.
The method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that institute
Method for protecting support is stated to include the following steps:
S1 establishes multilayer position obturation bearing structure mechanical model, analyzes multilayer position obturation stress characteristic, obtain
The height of each adhesive bond of multilayer position obturation out；
S2 analyzes multilayer position obturation load metamorphism mechanism, from which further follows that the multilayer under two kinds of working conditions
The deformation behaviour of position obturation, carries out filling carrying using I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond；
S3 is tested and is analyzed to the material of I class adhesive bond material and II class adhesive bond in step S2, respectively Gao Shui
Expanding material and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material；
S4 first configures II class adhesive bond high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries and carries out slip casting, then in II class adhesive bond slurries
On the basis of configure the slurries of I class adhesive bond and carry out slip casting again；
S5 is monitored the deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel after the multilayer position obturation carrying in step S4.
The method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, the step S1
Specifically comprise the following steps:
S101 establishes multilayer position obturation bearing structure mechanical model according to the theory that masonry beam is broken, and obtains:
In formula: P is the pressure that old top rotation sinking applies the next rock stratum；
E1For the cementing bulk modulus of I class；
E2For the cementing bulk modulus of II class；
E3Directly push up equivalent elastic modulus；
E4Ground coal elasticity modulus；
h1For I class adhesive bond height；
h2For II class adhesive bond height；
h3For direct heights of roofs；
h4For ground coal height；
x0The distance helped for crucial block breaking point away from coal；
B is to stay lanewidth degree；
A is obturation width；
L is crucial block breaking length；
S102, the obturation model of structural mechanics obtained according to step S101, by h1Increased to 3m by 0m and is filled
The factor of the stress characteristic curve of body, comprehensive obturation maximum compressibility and material cost obtains the height and II of I class adhesive bond
The height of class adhesive bond.
The method for protecting support of gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that the step S2 tool
Body includes the following steps:
S201, the working face that will be filled are divided into two kinds of operating conditions, respectively operating condition one: obturation uses II class cementing completely
Body；Operating condition two: using multilayer position obturation, and obturation bottom uses height for the II class adhesive bond of 2.5m, and top is using height
For the I class adhesive bond of 0.5m；
S202 carries out load to the filling body Model in operating condition one and operating condition two respectively and applies vertical stress, and obtains and fill
The deformation curve of body is filled out, and show that the high compression rate of I class adhesive bond and the high strength bond of II class adhesive bond get up to be adapted to
The revolution of top plate is sunk, and the stability of obturation is enhanced.
The method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that institute
Step S3 is stated to specifically comprise the following steps:
S301, to PTGS sample made of PZGS sample made of high-water expansion material slurry and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries
Uniaxial compression test is carried out respectively；
S302 show that the stress-of two kinds of samples under uniaxial compression is answered according to the test result of two kinds of samples in step S301
Varied curve；
S303 is obtained according to the load-deformation curve in step S302 by high-water expansion material and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material knot
It is combined into multilayer position obturation.
The method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described above obturation bearing structure, it is preferred that institute
Step S4 is stated to specifically comprise the following steps:
S401 first by the first and second two kinds of slurries and water according to the proportional arrangement high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of ratio of water to material 1.5:1, and is carried out
Slip casting forms II class adhesive bond, stops slip casting when II class adhesive bond slip casting is to 2.5m；
S402 obtains high-water expansion material after adding air entraining agent and polypropylene fibre on the basis of high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries
Slurry liquid, and slip casting is carried out again, I class adhesive bond is formed, stops slip casting when the height of I class adhesive bond reaches 0.5m.
Compared with the immediate prior art, technical solution provided by the invention has following excellent effect:
The present invention provides a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure and method for protecting support, this hairs
It is bright at least to have the following technical effect that compared with prior art:
1, multilayer position obturation can reduce the direct roof pendant normal stress in tunnel and the stress of obturation itself is concentrated, and will be high
Stress is shifted to coal side side, is optimized the carrying environment of itself, is further improved the stability of obturation；
2, I class adhesive bond relies on " deforming-the allow pressure " characteristic absorption and transfer part external loads of itself, and it is straight to reduce tunnel
The stress for connecing roof pendant normal stress and obturation itself is concentrated, and the higher II class adhesive bond of intensity can ensure that provide can directly to push up
By support, the two combines the revolution that can well adapt to directly push up and sinks, and enhances the stability of obturation；
3, the adhesive bond in the obturation of multilayer position has the early strong, intensity of rapid hardening flexibly adjustable, simple to operate, is suitble to work
Author can reduce rock mass energy rate of release simultaneously in underground smooth operation, prevent stress from concentrating, and reduce rock burst harm.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of sample load-deformation curve under uniaxial compression in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is multilayer position obturation bearing system mechanical model schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is multilayer position obturation stress characteristic curve synoptic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is top plate vertical stress distribution characteristics curve synoptic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is obturation stress variation indicatrix schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is obturation absciss layer schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is tunnel rock deformation and contraction percentage of area schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1, top plate；2, Lao Ding；201, A is pushed up always；202, B is pushed up always；203, C is pushed up always；3, it directly pushes up；4, coal body；5, lane
Road；6, I class adhesive bond；7, II class adhesive bond；8, goaf；9, multilayer position obturation.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is general
Logical technical staff's every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is
It is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than instruction or dark
Show that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as pair
Limitation of the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " third " are used for description purposes only, and it should not be understood as instruction or dark
Show relative importance.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention be can be combined with each other.
Explanation of nouns:
Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model: one is often used the nonlinear model of Soil Parameters based on engineering, but is not included the soil body
All nonlinear characteristics, Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model can be applied to the actual bearer ability of ground and the calculating of failure load, with
And it is other using damage of soil body as the calculating of key factor.
The present invention provides a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure, the multilayer position of gob side entry retaining
Obturation is located in goaf, the top plate 1 being used to support in goaf, and tunnel 5 is underground mining and the channel tunneled；Underground mining
When mine, for mining promotions, transport, ventilation and drainage, power supply etc. and driving channel, 5 section configuration of tunnel be mostly arch,
Trapezoidal or rectangle, country rock is soft for round, ellipse or the shape of a hoof, and tunnel 5 again may be used according to long axis and horizontal relation of plane
To be divided into upright tunnel, entry and inclined shaft, coal body 4 is the coal for needing to excavate along the direction of tunnelling；Coal
Ground is transported to by tunnel after excavating, top plate 1 is the rock stratum above coal body, and top plate 1 includes directly pushing up 3 and old top 2,
Old top 2 includes old top A201, old top B202 and pushes up C203 always.Under normal conditions, it is close on coal body be false roof, false roof is pole
The relatively slice being easily caving simultaneously with the extraction of coal, thickness is generally 0.3~0.5m, mostly by groups such as shale, carbonaceous shales
At being often caving with bracket is withdrawn, thickness if the rock stratum on coal body 4 is exactly direct top 3 in the case where no false roof
Generally in 1~2m, directly top 3 is clipped under normal circumstances between coal body 4 and base object model, mostly by mud stone and rock, siltstone etc. are easier to
The rock composition being caving, the thick and hard rock stratum on direct top 3 are base object model, the also known as old top 2, Chang of base object model
Dew a period of time is hanged above goaf 8, can be just caving until reaching equivalent area once, usually by sandstone, conglomerate, lime
The composition of the solid rocks such as rock.After coal body 4 has been exploited, it is formed goaf 8, directly top 3 above is without coal body 4
Support, which is easy to happen to be caving, causes safety accident, and directly being caving for top 3 will also result in the hanging of old top 2 and cause to collapse, mined out
Area 8 refers to the hole area left after subterranean coal is plucked out of, occur it is mined out after, the rock stratum covered thereon will lose support, originally
Equilibrium condition be corrupted such that overlying rock generates movement and deformation, until destroying slump, finally result in all kinds of buildings of earth's surface and become
Shape is destroyed, and earth's surface large area sinks, is recessed.It successively needs to fill obturation 9 between 5 bottom plate of coal body 4 and tunnel, support directly
Stablize the balance between coal body 4, directly top 3 and old top 2 so that reaching a kind of new balance between coal body 4 and directly top 3 in top 3
Relationship.
The present invention provides a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure, and multilayer position obturation 9 is held
Carrying structure includes I class adhesive bond 6 and II class adhesive bond 7, and I class adhesive bond 6 is located at the top of II class adhesive bond 7, I class adhesive bond 6
Top act against the direct of the top of tunnel 5 and push up on 3, II class adhesive bond, 7 bottom is located on 5 bottom plate of tunnel in goaf, I class glue
Knot body 6 is the novel high-water expansion material of high compression rate, Low rigidity, the compatible deformation of enhancing multilayer position obturation 9 and directly top 3
Ability, II class adhesive bond 7 are the high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of little compressible, high rigidity, for multilayer position obturation 9 and directly push up 3 and provide
Reliable support, 9 top of multilayer position obturation are connected with directly top 3, the lower part of multilayer position obturation 9 and work face contact
Connection, for 9 horizontal direction of multilayer position obturation between tunnel 5 and goaf 8, vertical direction is located at directly top 3 and 5 bottom of tunnel
Between plate；I class adhesive bond 6 relies on " deforming-the allow pressure " characteristic absorption and transfer part external loads of itself, and it is direct to reduce tunnel
The stress for pushing up 3 vertical stress and obturation itself is concentrated, and the higher II class adhesive bond 7 of intensity can ensure that directly to push up and provide reliably
Support, the two combine the revolution that can well adapt to directly push up and sink, and enhance the stability of obturation.
The height of II class adhesive bond 7 is greater than the height of I class adhesive bond 6, and the height of I class adhesive bond 6 is II class adhesive bond 7
Height 20%~30% (such as 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%), I class
6 deformable upper part of adhesive bond allows pressure, and the carrying of II class adhesive bond, 7 lower part enhances the stability of 9 bearing structure of multilayer position obturation, if I
The thickness of class adhesive bond 6 is greater than the thickness of II class adhesive bond 7, only has I class adhesive bond 6 self-dependent when directly top is caving
The deformability of " deforming-allow pressure " is coordinated, and adapts to the revolution directly pushed up and sinks, and II class adhesive bond 7 cannot play it and should have
Supporting role, this multilayer position obturation just loses due effect.II class adhesive bond 7 and I class adhesive bond 6 are selected real
The stereochemical structure of the heart, while the specification of bilevel stereochemical structure will be also consistent, solid three-dimensional shape can be more preferable
Performance its support and " deformation-interest concessions " effect, concrete shape can carry out unrestricted choice according to the actual conditions in live tunnel,
Such as: cylindrical body, cuboid etc., cylindrical body are suitble to space is small and is caving in the case that place is not especially severe and uses,
Cuboid applies in general to big tunnel, directly pushes up single-block area large surface complications and is easy the place being caving.
As shown in Figure 1, the top of multilayer position obturation 9 is I class adhesive bond 6, using with high compression rate and Low rigidity
Novel high-water expansion material (hereinafter referred to as PZGS), by " deforming-allow pressure " the Lai Zengqiang multilayer position obturation 9 of material itself with
The directly compatible deformation ability on top 3, the revolution for adapting to directly top 3 are sunk, and the attribute of novel high-water expansion material itself has height
Compression ratio, when directly 3 revolution of top is sunk, material itself, which carries directly top according to distinctive attribute, 3 and can melt major part
Active force vertically downward protects the adhesive bond of bottom；The bottom of multilayer position obturation 9 is II class adhesive bond 7, is contracted using low pressure
The high percentage of water rapid solidifying material (hereinafter referred to as PTGS) of rate, high rigidity, it is ensured that multilayer position obturation 9 can provide reliable for directly top 3
Support.It is divided into two layer positions, novel high-water expansion material from top to bottom according to the different multilayer positions obturation 9 of two kinds of material properties
The II class adhesive bond 7 expecting I class adhesive bond 66 of composition and being made of high percentage of water rapid solidifying material.According to the height of lane space height come
Provide the height of obturation, II class adhesive bond 7 has many advantages, such as that rapid hardening is early by force, intensity can flexibly reconcile easy construction, when II class
After the filling of adhesive bond 7 reaches specified altitude, configured modifying agent is added in slurries on the basis of original material and is made
PZGS material continues the filling that I class adhesive bond 6 is completed in pumping therewith.
II class adhesive bond 7 is the high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of little compressible, high rigidity, and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material is by two kinds of slurry groups
At the material of slurry and the ratio of water are 1:1.2~1:1.8, (such as 1:1.2,1:1.3,1:1.4,1:1.5), the present embodiment
It is preferred that the material of slurry and the ratio of water are 1:1.5, extra quality slurry can lose flowability after mixing in 8~10min, 18~
20min hardening, 1d intensity up to final strength 50%；I class adhesive bond 6 is the novel high-water expansion of high compression rate, Low rigidity
Material, the compression ratio of I class adhesive bond 6 are 6 ‰~10 ‰ (such as 6 ‰, 7 ‰, 8 ‰, 9 ‰, 10 ‰), novel high-water expansion material
That high-water expansion material is obtained after adding appropriate air entraining agent and polypropylene fibre on the basis of high percentage of water rapid solidifying material, air entraining agent and
Polypropylene fibre additive amount is no more than the 3 ‰ of I class adhesive bond, 6 total amount.High-water expansion material, which removes, has the early strong characteristic of rapid hardening
Outside, also there is relatively high compression ratio and residual strength.
II class adhesive bond is the high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of the first and second two kinds of slurry compositions, and first slurry main component is aluminium sulfate water
Mud clinker, second slurry main component are lime stone-gypsum, and the proportion of the first and second two kinds of slurries is 1:1, high percentage of water rapid solidifying material and traditional
Cement concrete is compared, and replaces sand material with water, has the function of " water Cheng Shi ", it is widely used in coal metallurgy, building, ring
The fields such as guarantor, water conservancy, traffic, petroleum are a kind of multifunctional engineering construction materials.The material early strength is high, and bonding capacity is good,
It is used particularly suitable as tunnel collateral branch shield and cementing filler.
It is also mentioned to be better understood by effect and the practical manifestation in real coal mine, the present invention of above-mentioned multilayer position filling
For a kind of method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure, the test method includes following step
It is rapid:
S1 establishes multilayer position obturation bearing structure mechanical model, analyzes multilayer position obturation stress characteristic, obtain
The height of each adhesive bond of multilayer position obturation out.
S101 establishes multilayer position obturation bearing structure mechanical model according to the theory that masonry beam is broken, and obtains:
S102, the obturation model of structural mechanics obtained according to step S101, by h1Increased to 3m by 0m and is filled
The factor of the stress characteristic curve of body, comprehensive obturation maximum compressibility and material cost obtains the height and II of I class adhesive bond
The height of class adhesive bond.
According to masonry beam theory, the shape that can be hinged with periphery rock mass after cash is stablized is touched in goaf in the old top 2 of fracture
At the balanced body for being similar to masonry structure, 9 bearing structure mechanical model of multilayer position obturation is established, as shown in Figure 3.
Assuming that rock stratum is evenly applied to push up on 2 always, the old B202 that pushes up applies lower rock stratum in revolution sinking watching
Given deformation S may be expressed as:
In formula: x0The distance helped for crucial block breaking point away from coal；
B is to stay lanewidth degree；
A is obturation width；
L is crucial block breaking length；
Δ S is maximum sinking value of the crucial block in goaf side.
It can be acquired by formula (2):
Δ S=m+h3(1-K) (2)
In formula: K is directly to push up remaining broken expansion factor:
h3For direct heights of roofs, m is working face mining height.
Crucial block breaking length L are as follows:
In formula: l ' is working face periodic weighting step pitch；
D is face length.
Known 4311 working face x0=6.9m, D=210m, l '=30m, K=1.13, m=6.3m, b=3m, a=2m, h3
=38.4m, the maximum compressibility that can acquire obturation is 433mm.
Old top B202 revolution sink the given deformation that the next rock mass is applied mainly by directly push up 3, multilayer position, 9 bodies of filling and
Ground coal shared, therefore have:
S=S1+S2+S3+S4 (4)
In formula: S1For the deflection of I class adhesive bond 6；
S2For the deflection of II class adhesive bond 7；
S3For the deflection directly pushed up；
S4For the deflection of ground coal.
It can be respectively indicated in elastic range with the deflection of mantlerock are as follows:
In formula: P is the pressure that old 2 rotation sinking of top applies the next rock stratum；
E1For I class adhesive bond, 6 elasticity modulus；
E2For II class adhesive bond, 7 elasticity modulus；
E3Directly push up equivalent elastic modulus；
E4Ground coal elasticity modulus；
h1For I class adhesive bond, 6 height；
h2For II class adhesive bond, 7 height；
h3For direct heights of roofs；
h4For ground coal height.
Known to stay lane actual height for 3m, bringing formula (5) into (4) can obtain:
Formula (1) and (6) indicate the deflection of the next rock mass in directly top rotation sinking watching, and two formulas are equal, arrange
After can acquire P are as follows:
I class adhesive bond, 6 height h can be analyzed by formula (7)1Variation to the affecting laws of obturation stress, take E1=
1.6GPa, E2=2.17GPa, E4=2.6GPa, directly top equivalent elastic modulus E3=3.2GPa, as I class adhesive bond, 6 height h1
When increasing to 3m by 0, the stress characteristic curve of obturation is as shown in Figure 6.
As shown in figure 4,9 stress characteristic curve of multilayer position obturation: multilayer position obturation stress and I class adhesive bond, 6 thickness
In inverse relation, i.e., as 9 stress of increase multilayer position obturation of I class adhesive bond, 6 thickness gradually decreases.I class adhesive bond 6 has
Stronger " deforming-allow pressure " ability can absorb simultaneously transfer part external loads, be conducive to the stabilization of multilayer position obturation 9.
S2 analyzes multilayer position obturation load metamorphism mechanism, from which further follows that the multilayer under two kinds of working conditions
The deformation behaviour of position obturation, carries out filling carrying using I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond.
S201, the working face that will be filled are divided into two kinds of operating conditions, respectively operating condition one: obturation uses II class cementing completely
Body；Operating condition two: using multilayer position obturation, and obturation bottom uses height for the II class adhesive bond of 2.5m, and top is using height
For the I class adhesive bond of 0.5m；
S202 carries out load to the filling body Model in operating condition one and operating condition two respectively and applies vertical stress, and obtains and fill
The deformation curve of body is filled out, and show that the high compression rate of I class adhesive bond and the high strength bond of II class adhesive bond get up to be adapted to
The revolution of top plate is sunk, and the stability of obturation is enhanced.
Mine 4311 working face in the village Xian Yicheng is that simulated object carries out road test, verifies the supporting effect of multilayer position obturation
The excellent supporting effect in other obturations.
4311 working faces arrange 3 tunnels, 43111 lanes, 43112 lanes and 43113 lanes, and working face uses two into a Hui Tongfeng
Mode, i.e. 43111 lanes and 43113 lanes are air inlet, and 43112 lanes are air return lane, and drift section is 5 × 3.2m, using anchor rete cord
Supporting, working face tilt width 210m, move towards long 1318.4m.Using the stability at 4311 coal mine structure of village mine as simulation pair
As the convenience of accuracy and test operation to test data provides advantage.The working face adjoining rock physical force
It is as shown in table 2 to learn parameter.When modeling, according to symmetry principle, 145 × 120 × 45m of moulded dimension (length × width × height) is total
85800 cell cubes.Model coboundary applies 11MPa vertical stress, and right boundary applies the displacement constraint of horizontal direction, bottom
Boundary applies vertical direction displacement constraint, and coefficient of horizontal pressure takes 0.5.Coal seam, obturation and other rock stratum are all made of More-in model
Coulomb constitutive model.Working face each follows bad excavation 3m, excavates 40 times altogether.The size of 9 bearing structure of multilayer position obturation be 6 ×
2 × 3m (length × width × height), the excavation for following hard on working face are filled.For the carrying for preferably embodying multilayer position obturation
Characteristic and influence to roadway surrounding rock stress, simulation be divided tos two kinds of operating conditions progress.
Operating condition one: obturation uses II class adhesive bond 7 completely；
Operating condition two: using multilayer position obturation 9, i.e. it is highly 2.5m that obturation bottom, which uses II class adhesive bond 7, top
It is highly 0.5m using I class adhesive bond 6.
2 4311 working face adjoining rock physical and mechanical parameter of table
(2) simulation result analysis
As shown in figure 5, top plate vertical stress distribution characteristics curve:
A) goaf belongs to distressed zone, and overlying rock load is by coal body 4 and obturation shared, directly 3 vertical stress of top
Distribution is in bimodal shape.
B) " multilayer position " obturation, which has, shifts heavily stressed feature.Above one: II class adhesive bond of operating condition, 7 obturation directly
Pushing up 3 vertical stress peak values is 12.1MPa, positioned at the position away from model left margin 44.1m, and 4 upper vertical peak stress of coal body
For 23.8MPa, peak point is away from coal wall about 3.3m.Operating condition two: 3 vertical stress peak values are directly pushed up and are in obturation 9 top in multilayer position
9.5MPa, compared with the decline of operating condition one about 21.5%, peak stress is located at the position away from model left margin 44.6m, and 4 side of coal body is directly pushed up
3 vertical stress peak values are 25.7MPa, increase about 8.0% compared with operating condition one, peak point is located at the position away from 2.6m in coal wall.
C) " multilayer position " obturation can further decrease and directly push up 3 vertical stress above tunnel, and optimization roadway surrounding rock is answered
Power distribution, makes roadway maintenance be in low stress area, is conducive to the stabilization of roadway surrounding rock.One tunnel upper vertical stress of operating condition is most
Small value is 8.3MPa, and tunnel upper vertical stress minimum value is 7.3MPa in operating condition two, reduces about 12.0% compared with operating condition one.
As shown in fig. 6, obturation stress variation indicatrix: the variation tendency base of two kinds of operating condition retrofilling body bearer properties
This is consistent.But the vertical stress and horizontal stress of " multilayer position " obturation are significantly less than to be filled by what II class adhesive bond 7 formed completely
Body (i.e. operating condition one) is filled out, this shows that " multilayer position " obturation 9 reduces the stress of itself by stress transfer and " deforming-allow pressure "
It concentrates.By taking advance of the face 24.0m as an example, operating condition one at this time: the vertical stress in obturation is 21.2MPa, and horizontal stress is
4.7MPa；Operating condition two: the vertical stress of obturation is acted on as 17.6MPa, horizontal stress 3.2MPa, the two is divided compared with operating condition one
About 17.0% and 31.9% is not reduced.
S3 is tested and is analyzed to the material of I class adhesive bond material and II class adhesive bond in step S2, respectively Gao Shui
Expanding material and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material.
S301, to PTGS sample made of PZGS sample made of high-water expansion material slurry and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries
Uniaxial compression test is carried out respectively；
S302 show that the stress-of two kinds of samples under uniaxial compression is answered according to the test result of two kinds of samples in step S301
Varied curve；
S303 is obtained according to the load-deformation curve in step S302 by high-water expansion material and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material knot
It is combined into multilayer position obturation.
The rigid servo testing machine for selecting performance indicator and test macro to meet the requirements carries out pressure test, this hair to sample
Bright preferred RMT-301 type single shaft rock mechanics experiment machine carries out pressure test to sample.
The sample of high percentage of water rapid solidifying material is the cylindrical specimens of d=50mm, high L=100mm.
The sample of novel high-water expansion material is the cylindrical specimens of d=50mm, high L=100mm.
According to Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses: GB/T 50266-2013, selection sample are d=50mm, high L=100mm
Cylindrical specimens.Show that the rigidity of II class adhesive bond, 7 to I class adhesive bond 6 is strong, the low conclusion of compression ratio.
The power for the two class high-water materials that sample in step S2 and step S3 is measured by the mechanics machine in step S1
It learns parameter and is shown in Table 1.
R in tablecFor peak strength；εcFor peak strain；C is cohesive force；For internal friction angle；E is elasticity modulus；μ is pool
Loose ratio.
1 high-water material mechanics parameter of table
Specimen broke form under uniaxial compression it can be seen that PTGS destroys under uniaxial compression with longitudinal splitting based on, and
With localized delamination, sample shows relatively apparent brittle break feature, shows typical tensile failure mode, PZGS
It is broked into master with the shearing with extensional crack, sample brittleness weakens, and shows as drawing and cuts failure mode.
As shown in Fig. 2, sample load-deformation curve obtains under uniaxial compression: the load-deformation curve tool of PZGS and PTGS
There is biggish difference.The densification stage (oa or o'a'), since, there are more micro-pore, the recessed degree of curve is bright inside PZGS
It is aobvious to be higher than PTGS material；Elastic stage (ab or a'b'), the average modulus of PZGS is less than PTGS, is bearing identical load
Afterwards, it will generate and biggish allow compressive strain；After into yielding stage (bc or b'c'), curve gradually slows down, and slope reduces, examination
Sample internal tiny crack is gradually extended, is penetrated through, and sample generates irreversible plastic deformation, but the corresponding slope of curve of PTGS is higher than
PZGS shows that the former has the higher ability for resisting inelastic deformation.The peak strength R of PZGSc=9.86MPa, accordingly
The peak strength R of PTGSc=12.94MPa, but the former corresponding peak strain εc1=6.72 × 10-3, the peak strain of the latter
εc2=4.8 × 10-3, PZGS peak strain improves about 28.6% on the basis of PTGS；After into rear failure stage (cd or
C'd'), the remote bottom of stress dropping rate of PZGS is in PTGS, and corresponding residual strength is higher than PTGS, this is primarily due to poly- third
Alkene fiber plays the effect of one-dimensional lacing wire or net formula three-dimensional lacing wire inside PZGS, can share portion of external load.In addition, table
1 also shows, the Poisson's ratio μ of PZGS, internal friction angleLess than PTGS, and cohesive force c is greater than PTGS.
The above analysis it can be concluded that, two class materials after resisting inelastic deformation, peak strain, peak stress dropping rate with
And the difference of destructive characteristics etc. shows that PTGS has the Brittleness more more obvious than PZGS.Although PTGS tool is higher
Intensity, compressibility is poor, although and PZGS intensity is declined compared with the former but its own compressibility with higher.
S4 first configures II class adhesive bond high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries and carries out slip casting, then in II class adhesive bond slurries
On the basis of configure the slurries of I class adhesive bond and carry out slip casting again.
S401 first by the first and second two kinds of slurries and water according to the proportional arrangement high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of ratio of water to material 1.5:1, and is carried out
Slip casting forms II class adhesive bond, stops slip casting when II class adhesive bond slip casting is to 2.5m；
S402 obtains high-water expansion material after adding air entraining agent and polypropylene fibre on the basis of high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries
Slurry liquid, and slip casting is carried out again, I class adhesive bond is formed, stops slip casting when the height of I class adhesive bond reaches 0.5m.
S5 is monitored the deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel after the multilayer position obturation carrying in step S4.
Two obturations spaced apart are selected, beat vertical drilling to obturation center respectively in tunnel side,
One group of multipoint displacement meter (comprising three displacement basic points) is installed in each drilling, basic point buried depth is followed successively by 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m,
Two groups of displacement meters are successively named as SJD-1 and SJD-2, by monitor obtain deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel stablize after obturation it is final
Absciss layer amount and absciss layer percentage, calculated result are shown in Table 3.Absciss layer percentage is absciss layer amount measured by different basic points and total absciss layer amount
The percentage of ratio.
3 obturation transverse direction absciss layer Tab of table
In order to intuitively show obturation transverse direction absciss layer characteristic, now extract SJD-1 multipoint displacement meter monitoring data, draw from
The curve that layer amount and absciss layer percentage change with obturation lateral depth, as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen that in Ith area (0~0.5) m
In range, the absciss layer amount of obturation reaches 178mm, accounts for the 86% of absciss layer total amount, obturation level of breakage is larger；IIth area (0.5~
1.0) the absciss layer amount of m and IIIth area (1.0~1.5) m are respectively 17mm and 12mm, account for the 8.2% and 5.8% of absciss layer total amount respectively,
Obturation keeps higher integrality.Apparent area is shown by the distribution of mining influence, " multilayer position " obturation transverse direction absciss layer
Domain property, absciss layer amount are substantially reduced with the increase of obturation lateral depth." multilayer position " obturation relies on the " deformation-of itself
Consumption carries " characteristic, given deformation and additional load that part is generated because crucial block turns round are absorbed and shifted, is effectively kept away
Exempt from the globality that obturation occurs because brittleness is excessive to destroy.
The deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel amount and the contraction percentage of area drawn according to measured data are as shown in Figure 8, it can be seen that adopt shadow
The final amount of shifting near for ringing lower roadway's sides is 350~490mm, and the final amount of shifting near of roof and floor is 290~470mm, drift section
Average shrinkage ratio be 20~30%, can satisfy the demand of lower curtate working face extraction.
In conclusion it can be concluded that
(1) based on destroying under PTGS uniaxial compression with longitudinal splitting, typical tensile failure mode is showed, it is modified
PZGS is to cut failure mode with based on the failure by shear in extensional crack, showing as drawing；It is PZGS average modulus E, Poisson's ratio μ, interior
Angle of frictionCompression strength Rc and stress dropping rate are less than PTGS, and peak strain ε accordinglyc, cohesive force c and residual strength
Then it is greater than PTGS, PTGS has the brittle break feature more more obvious than PZGS.
(2) the combination filling thinking for constructing " multilayer position " obturation is proposed, " multilayer position " obturation carrying knot is established
Structure mechanical model calculates the maximum compressibility of " multilayer position " obturation, has obtained 9 stress of " multilayer position " obturation and I class glue
6 thickness of knot body is in the relationship of inverse ratio.
(3) I class adhesive bonds 6 rely on " deformation-consumption carries " characteristic absorption and transfer part external loads of itself, reduce tunnel
Top plate vertical stress and the stress of obturation itself are concentrated, and the higher II class adhesive bond 7 of intensity can ensure that provide for top plate can
By support, the two combines the revolution sinking that can well adapt to top plate, enhances the stability of obturation.
(4) deformation of " multilayer position " obturation 9 can be divided into three phases, wherein including two rapid deformation phases, difference position
In within the scope of 35~90m of working face rear and 110~140m；Practice have shown that " multilayer position " obturation 9 is undergoing violent top plate
Higher integrality is still able to maintain after structural adjustment, drift section average shrinkage ratio is 20~30%, can satisfy lower curtate work
Make the demand of face back production.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, within accompanying claims protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position obturation bearing structure, which is characterized in that multilayer position obturation
Bearing structure is located in goaf, the top plate being used to support in goaf；
The multilayer position obturation bearing structure includes I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond；
The I class adhesive bond is located at the top of the II class adhesive bond, acts against above tunnel at the top of the I class adhesive bond
Directly on top, the II class adhesive bond bottom is located on the roadway floor in goaf；
The I class adhesive bond and the II class adhesive bond it is of same size, the height of the II class adhesive bond is greater than the I class glue
The height of knot body；
The compression ratio of the I class adhesive bond is greater than the compression ratio of the II class adhesive bond, and the rigidity of the I class adhesive bond is lower than institute
State the rigidity of II class adhesive bond.
2. fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described in claim 1 obturation bearing structure, which is characterized in that described
The height of I class adhesive bond is the 20%~30% of the height of the II class adhesive bond, and the I class adhesive bond allows pressure for deforming,
The II class adhesive bond is for carrying.
3. fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described in claim 1 obturation bearing structure, which is characterized in that described
II class adhesive bond is the high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of the first and second two kinds of slurry compositions, and first slurry main component is sulphoaluminate cement clinker,
Second slurry main component is lime stone-gypsum, and the proportion of the first and second two kinds of slurries is 1:1.
4. fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as described in claim 1 obturation bearing structure, which is characterized in that described
I class adhesive bond is high-water expansion material, and the slurries of the I class adhesive bond are drawn by adding into the slurries of the II class adhesive bond
Gas agent and polypropylene fibre are made, and the air entraining agent of addition and the total amount of polypropylene fibre are no more than I class adhesive bond slurries total amount
3‰；
Preferably, the compression ratio of the I class adhesive bond is 6 ‰~10 ‰.
5. fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as claimed in claim 2 obturation bearing structure, which is characterized in that described
The height of I class adhesive bond is 0.5m, and the height of the II class adhesive bond is 2.5m.
6. the supporting of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 obturation bearing structure
Method, which is characterized in that the method for protecting support includes the following steps:
S1 establishes multilayer position obturation bearing structure mechanical model, analyzes multilayer position obturation stress characteristic, obtain more
The height of the layer each adhesive bond of position obturation；
S2 analyzes multilayer position obturation load metamorphism mechanism, from which further follows that the multilayer position under two kinds of working conditions is filled
The deformation behaviour for filling out body carries out filling carrying using I class adhesive bond and II class adhesive bond；
S3 is tested and is analyzed to the material of I class adhesive bond material and II class adhesive bond in step S2, respectively high-water expansion
Material and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material；
S4 first configures II class adhesive bond high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries and carries out slip casting, then on the basis of II class adhesive bond slurries
The slurries of I class adhesive bond of upper configuration simultaneously carry out slip casting again；
S5 is monitored the deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel after the multilayer position obturation carrying in step S4.
7. the method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as claimed in claim 6 obturation bearing structure, special
Sign is that the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
S101 establishes multilayer position obturation bearing structure mechanical model according to the theory that masonry beam is broken, and obtains:
In formula: P is the pressure that old top rotation sinking applies the next rock stratum；
E1For the cementing bulk modulus of I class；
E2For the cementing bulk modulus of II class；
E3Directly push up equivalent elastic modulus；
E4Ground coal elasticity modulus；
h1For I class adhesive bond height；
h2For II class adhesive bond height；
h3For direct heights of roofs；
h4For ground coal height；
x0The distance helped for crucial block breaking point away from coal；
B is to stay lanewidth degree；
A is obturation width；
L is crucial block breaking length；
S102, the obturation model of structural mechanics obtained according to step S101, by h1By 0m increase to 3m and obtain obturation by
The factor of power indicatrix, comprehensive obturation maximum compressibility and material cost show that the height of I class adhesive bond and II class are cementing
The height of body.
8. the method for protecting support of gob side entry retaining multilayer as claimed in claim 6 position obturation bearing structure, which is characterized in that described
Step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
S201, the working face that will be filled are divided into two kinds of operating conditions, respectively operating condition one: obturation uses II class adhesive bond completely；
Operating condition two: use multilayer position obturation, obturation bottom use height for the II class adhesive bond of 2.5m, top use highly for
The I class adhesive bond of 0.5m；
S202 carries out load to the filling body Model in operating condition one and operating condition two respectively and applies vertical stress, and obtains obturation
Deformation curve, and show that the high compression rate of I class adhesive bond and the high strength bond of II class adhesive bond get up to be adapted to top plate
Revolution sink, enhance the stability of obturation.
9. the method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as claimed in claim 6 obturation bearing structure, special
Sign is that the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
S301 distinguishes PTGS sample made of PZGS sample made of high-water expansion material slurry and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries
Carry out uniaxial compression test；
S302 show that the stress-strain of two kinds of samples under uniaxial compression is bent according to the test result of two kinds of samples in step S301
Line；
S303 is obtained according to the load-deformation curve in step S302 by high-water expansion material and high percentage of water rapid solidifying material combination group
At multilayer position obturation.
10. the method for protecting support of fully mechanized coal face gob side entry retaining multilayer position as claimed in claim 6 obturation bearing structure, special
Sign is that the step S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
S401 first by the first and second two kinds of slurries and water according to the proportional arrangement high percentage of water rapid solidifying material of ratio of water to material 1.5:1, and is infused
Slurry forms II class adhesive bond, stops slip casting when II class adhesive bond slip casting is to 2.5m；
S402 obtains high-water expansion material slurry after adding air entraining agent and polypropylene fibre on the basis of high percentage of water rapid solidifying material slurries
Liquid, and slip casting is carried out again, I class adhesive bond is formed, stops slip casting when the height of I class adhesive bond reaches 0.5m.
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