CN110284875A

CN110284875A - A kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method and apparatus based on current parameters

Info

Publication number: CN110284875A
Application number: CN201910511894.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马海; 杨康敏; 王海娟; 胡英才; 薛洋; 郝丽娜; 马利娟
Original assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
Current assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
Priority date: 2019-06-13
Filing date: 2019-06-13
Publication date: 2019-09-27

Abstract

The Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method and apparatus based on current parameters that the present invention relates to a kind of detect the actual current curve of electric submersible pump first, extract the characteristic quantity in actual current curve；Then the characteristic quantity in actual current curve is compared with the Diagnosis of Work Conditions model of foundation；The finally current curve that determining and actual current curve matches in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model according to the characteristic quantity in actual current curve, and then determine the actual condition of electric immersible pump well.Current parameter is related only in this method, correspondingly, acquisition equipment is only required to the relevant device of acquisition electric current, reduces input cost.The realization process of the diagnostic method of working condition is fairly simple, wherein not being related to comparatively laborious data acquisition and data handling procedure, correspondingly, the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic method of working condition is with regard to relatively high.In addition, diagnostic method of working condition diagnosis easy to automate, accuracy is high, speed is fast, is conducive to the intelligent management for reinforcing oil field.

Description

A kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method and apparatus based on current parameters

Technical field

The Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method and apparatus based on current parameters that the present invention relates to a kind of.

Background technique

Submersible electric pump (hereinafter referred to as electric submersible pump) due to its good DP technology performance and reliable mechanical performance, Oil field is widely applied.But it is widely applied in electric submersible pump simultaneously as live lack corresponding Diagnosis of Work Conditions side Method can not carry out fine monitoring in real time to the production of belt type pumping unit, prevent the abnormal conditions on underground and ground from and Shi Faxian and judgement processing, bring great loss to scene.

Currently, complexity is implemented according to Diagnosis of Work Conditions principle and technology, it can be (hereinafter referred to as electric by submerged electric oil pump well Latent pump sump) Diagnosis of Work Conditions technology is broadly divided into conventional diagnostic, modern diagnosis and other diagnostic method three categories.Wherein, tradition is examined Disconnected method mainly includes current cards method, build the pressure diagnosis and electric submersible pumping system efficiency control graphics method etc.；Modem diagnostic methods master It to include Fault Tree Analysis, fuzzy mathematics diagnosis, Neural Network Diagnosis method, Diagnose Instrument for Working Status of Electric Pump method etc..

Researchers at home and abroad are mainly by using modal analysis, to improve system effectiveness and reduce energy consumption as target, Optimize electric immersible pump well device parameter, production system can not real-time optimization adjustment.Need electric immersible pump well Optimizing manufacture theory with On the basis of method, analysis oil well production changed condition rule, real-time optimization adjusts oil extraction system.Electric work figure is measured due to having Convenient, installation and maintenance cost are low, and high resolution, information response is comprehensive, can react underground situation, can also react ground feelings Condition, and many advantages, such as can continuously measure for a long time, therefore, its application is increasingly by the attention in each oil field.However currently, electricity The advantages of application situation of the function figure in oil field is more limited to, electric work figure does not obtain adequately universal and utilizes, especially in oil In terms of well Diagnosis of Work Conditions.Moreover, depending on artificial to the analysis of indicator card at present or being sentenced using simple geometrical analysis It is disconnected, the rich experiences of manual analysis heavy dependence field personnel, and inefficiency, and geometry analysis method can not be to complexity Function diagram shape carries out accurate judgement, therefore accuracy is not high.

How researchers at home and abroad mainly have studied according to the running parameter and characteristic curve of on-the-spot test, analysis at present Fault type existing for electric immersible pump well, and take corresponding measure removal failure.On this basis, the life of analysis oil well is also needed Occurrence condition, the changing rule of research characterization production system working condition index, establishes future malfunction and operating condition prediction model, guarantees The target of electric immersible pump well operating condition real-time intelligent diagnosis.

A kind of electric immersible pump well tractometer is disclosed in the Chinese patent application file that application publication number is CN105781527A Parameter diagnosis analysis method draws the parameter curve plate of typical electric immersible pump well fault type first, and then acquisition includes pump Suction inlet temperature, motor winding temperature, pump inlet pressure, pump discharge pressure, leakage current and motor oscillating frequency are extremely Few six groups of parameters, are compared with parameter curve plate finally by the parameter curve got is compared, determine fault type.Though Right this method can be realized the Diagnosis of Work Conditions of electric immersible pump well, and still, the implementation of this method needs to acquire many parameters, and is related to To a variety of different types of parameters, different types of parameter just needs different equipment to be acquired, correspondingly, it is necessary to very much Detection device, higher cost, and fault point are with regard to more.Moreover, the acquisition of many kinds of parameters is obtained compared to the acquisition of single parameter Take process more cumbersome.Since the number and type of required parameter are relatively more, then, the realization process of the diagnostic analysis method With regard to comparatively laborious, correspondingly, reliability is lower.

Summary of the invention

The Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method and apparatus based on current parameters that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, to solve The lower problem of the reliability of certainly existing Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' analysis method.

To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention includes:

A kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method based on current parameters, comprising the following steps:

(1) the actual current curve for detecting electric submersible pump, extracts the characteristic quantity in the actual current curve；

(2) characteristic quantity in the actual current curve is compared with the Diagnosis of Work Conditions model of foundation, wherein described Diagnosis of Work Conditions model includes the characteristic quantity at least two operating conditions, current curve corresponding with each operating condition and each current curve；

(3) determining bent with the actual current in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model according to the characteristic quantity in the actual current curve The current curve that line matches, and then determine the actual condition of electric immersible pump well.

Actual condition inspection is carried out according to the actual current curve of collected electric submersible pump and the characteristic quantity being directed to It surveys, relates only to current parameter in this method, do not need to acquire a variety of data informations, correspondingly, acquisition equipment is only required to The relevant device for acquiring electric current, reduces input cost, correspondingly, fault point relevant to data acquisition just significantly drops It is low.Moreover, data acquisition is simpler for the acquisition of single parameter is compared to the acquisition of many kinds of parameters, it is not cumbersome.By It is fewer in the type of required parameter, then, the realization process of the diagnostic method of working condition is with regard to fairly simple, wherein not being related to comparing Cumbersome data acquisition and data handling procedure, correspondingly, the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic method of working condition is with regard to relatively high.Separately Outside, which strengthens the real-time monitoring and Diagnosis of Work Conditions to electric submersible pump, improves the production efficiency of electric submersible pump；It should Diagnostic method of working condition extracts characteristic value from Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' model, judges convenient for the comparison of current curve and operating condition, Diagnosis easy to automate, accuracy is high, speed is fast, is conducive to the intelligent management for reinforcing oil field.

Further, the characteristic quantity in current curve includes the current curve feature and electric current for characterizing curent change situation The sequencing for each current curve feature for including in curve.Pass through the electricity of the characterization curent change situation in analysis current curve The sequencing of flow curve feature and each current curve feature being related to diagnoses the actual condition of electric immersible pump well, Neng Goujin One step promotes diagnostic accuracy and reliability.

Further, the current curve feature includes five kinds: the stable stabling current feature of characterization electric current characterizes electric current The fluctuating current feature of fluctuation, the shutdown current characteristic that characterization electric submersible pump is shut down, the reduction current characteristic that characterization electric current reduces, with And the increase current characteristic that characterization electric current increases, wherein reducing current characteristic includes that electric current slowly reduces feature and electric current is quick Reduce feature.The current curve feature for characterizing curent change situation is further refined according to the actual situation, can further be mentioned Rise diagnostic accuracy and reliability.

Further, in order to differentiate that each current curve feature, the stabling current feature specifically refer to: in current curve Curent change slope absolute value be less than or equal to electric current stablize given threshold；The fluctuating current feature specifically refers to: The absolute value of curent change slope in current curve is greater than the electric current and stablizes given threshold and be less than or equal to current wave Dynamic setting upper limit threshold, and current curve includes the process and the change of at least two electric currents that at least two curent change slopes are positive value Change slope be negative value process, curent change slope be positive value process and curent change slope be negative value process alternately go out It is existing, and each curent change slope is the process duration of positive value less than the first set period of time, each electric current Changing slope is the process duration of negative value less than the second set period of time；The shutdown current characteristic specifically refers to: Curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and the numerical value of the curent change slope is less than or equal to shutdown variation Threshold value, the shutdown change threshold is a negative value, and curent change is to 0；The electric current, which slowly reduces, to be specifically referred to: electric current is bent Curent change slope in line is a negative value, and the absolute value of curent change slope is greater than the electric current and stablizes given threshold, And it is less than or equal to electric current and slowly reduces setting upper limit threshold, and curent change slope is that a negative value duration is big In third set period of time；The electric current, which quickly reduces, to be specifically referred to: the curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, And the absolute value of curent change slope is greater than electric current and quickly reduces setting lower threshold, and is less than electric current and quickly reduces the setting upper limit Threshold value, and curent change slope is that a negative value duration is greater than the 4th set period of time, wherein the electric current is slow Reduce setting upper limit threshold and quickly reduces setting lower threshold less than the electric current；The increase current characteristic specifically refers to: electricity Curent change slope in flow curve is a positive value, and curent change slope is greater than the electric current and stablizes given threshold, and small Increase in or equal to electric current and set upper limit threshold, and curent change slope is that a positive value duration is set greater than the 5th It fixes time section.

Further, include following operating condition in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model in order to diagnose to obtain each operating condition: running well, electricity It is shut down under source voltage fluctuation, underload protection failure, overload shutdown, emergency case, frequently restarts, contains impurity holddown in well liquid It shuts down, containing gaseity, pump gas lock and pump depletion, wherein

The corresponding current curve feature that runs well is stabling current feature；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of mains fluctuations and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current Feature+fluctuating current feature；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of failure and each current curve feature is protected in underload are as follows: stabling current Feature+electric current slowly reduces feature+stabling current feature+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of overload shutdown and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature + increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of corresponding current curve feature and each current curve feature is shut down under emergency case are as follows: stablize electricity Flow feature+shutdown current characteristic；

Frequently restart including restarting process at least twice, process is restarted for any one, corresponding electric current is bent The sequencing of line feature and each current curve feature are as follows: increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of corresponding current curve feature and each current curve feature is shut down in well liquid containing impurity holddown Are as follows: fluctuating current feature+increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；

It is fluctuating current feature containing the corresponding current curve feature of gaseity；

Pump the sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of gas lock and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+ Electric current slowly reduces feature+fluctuating current feature+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of pump depletion and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+ Electric current slowly reduces feature+shutdown current characteristic.

The present invention also provides a kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device based on current parameters, including memory, processor And the computer program that can be run in the memory and on a processor is stored, the processor is executing the calculating The treatment process realized when machine program the following steps are included:

Actual condition inspection is carried out according to the actual current curve of collected electric submersible pump and the characteristic quantity being directed to It surveys, relates only to current parameter in the treatment process which realizes, do not need to acquire a variety of data informations, correspondingly, acquisition Equipment is only required to the relevant device of acquisition electric current, reduces input cost, correspondingly, event relevant to data acquisition Barrier point is just greatly lowered.Moreover, data acquisition is more for the acquisition of single parameter is compared to the acquisition of many kinds of parameters Simply, not cumbersome.Since the type of required parameter is fewer, then, the realization process in the Diagnosis of Work Conditions device is just simpler It is single, wherein not being related to comparatively laborious data acquisition and data handling procedure, correspondingly, the realization in the Diagnosis of Work Conditions device The accuracy and reliability of journey is with regard to relatively high.In addition, the realization process in the Diagnosis of Work Conditions device strengthens the reality to electric submersible pump When monitoring and Diagnosis of Work Conditions, improve the production efficiency of electric submersible pump；Realization process in the Diagnosis of Work Conditions device is from electric immersible pump well Characteristic value is extracted in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model, is judged convenient for the comparison of current curve and operating condition, it is easy to accomplish automated diagnostic, accurately Degree is high, speed is fast, is conducive to the intelligent management for reinforcing oil field.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method provided by the invention based on current parameters；

Fig. 2 is the current curve schematic diagram to run well；

Fig. 3 is the current curve schematic diagram of mains fluctuations；

Fig. 4 is the current curve schematic diagram of underload protection failure；

Fig. 5 is the current curve schematic diagram of overload shutdown；

Fig. 6 is the current curve schematic diagram that burst is shut down；

Fig. 7 is the current curve schematic diagram frequently restarted；

Fig. 8 is the current curve schematic diagram shut down in well liquid containing impurity holddown；

Fig. 9 is the current curve schematic diagram containing gaseity；

Figure 10 is the current curve schematic diagram for pumping gas lock；

Figure 11 is the current curve schematic diagram of pump depletion；

Figure 12 is the current curve characteristic pattern under the typical condition of Diagnosis of Work Conditions model first part；

Figure 13 is the current curve characteristic pattern under the typical condition of Diagnosis of Work Conditions model second part.

Specific embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method based on current parameters, comprising the following steps:

Below in conjunction with attached drawing, further details of theory is done to the above-mentioned Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method based on current parameters It is bright.

Step 1: the actual current data of electric submersible pump are detected by relevant current detecting equipment, according to collected electricity Flow data forms actual current curve, and extracts the characteristic quantity in the actual current curve, in the present embodiment, in order to improve operating condition The accuracy of diagnosis, the characteristic quantity in current curve include two large divisions, and first part is the electric current for characterizing curent change situation Curvilinear characteristic, second part are the sequencing for each current curve feature for including in current curve.Wherein, according to current detecting The actual current data of equipment detection electric submersible pump belong to conventional technical means, just no longer illustrate here.Moreover, according to reality It needs to carry out type selecting to current detecting equipment.Current detecting equipment samples electric current according to the sampling period of inner setting, Therefore, the current curve of formation is made of the current value that each sampling period (also referred to as current detecting point) detection obtains, sampling week Phase is set according to actual needs.In addition, the characteristic quantity in current curve can also be other as other embodiments The characteristic that can be realized Diagnosis of Work Conditions.

Step 2: the characteristic quantity in actual current curve is compared with the Diagnosis of Work Conditions model of foundation.Wherein, operating condition It just needs to include the feature at least two operating conditions, current curve corresponding with each operating condition and each current curve in diagnostic model Amount, wherein specific operating condition number is determined according to the actual situation, and operating condition number is more, and Diagnosis of Work Conditions is more accurate.

In order to establish Diagnosis of Work Conditions model, it is necessary to the failure (i.e. operating condition) that can occur to electric immersible pump well is analyzed, And then it analyzes and obtains the morphological feature of current curve under the common operating condition type of electric submersible pump and every class operating condition.

The failure that can first occur to electric submersible pump below is illustrated.According to Oil Field to the total of electric immersible pump well operating condition Knot, the failure occurred generally comprise motor (motor of electric submersible pump, generally three-phase bipolar motor), electric submersible pump, cable Etc. device fails, oil well failure, valve, which have leakage, equipment to fall into well, connects equipment the various faults such as loosens.It is latent according to electricity The component part of pump sump, electric immersible pump well failure are divided into following several big classifications:

1) oil well failure: fault type mainly includes feed flow deficiency, and leakage is shaked out, wax deposition, gas lock, and well liquid contains impurity Deng.

If guaranteeing, electric immersible pump well is worked normally, and needs to maintain sand content within 0.05%, and gas-oil ratio supplies within 30% Liquid is reasonable, and rationally, oilwell produced fluid amount and electric submersible pump unit equipment are mating for lower-continuous mapping and pump intake pressure design.

1. feed flow is insufficient:

If oil well liquid-supplying is insufficient, operating current will slowly reduce, when electric submersible pump entrance starts air inlet, due to gases affect Cause electric current that mixed and disorderly short-term fluctuation is presented, when operating current be lower than electric submersible pump underload current value when, electric immersible pump well just because Underload and cause to shut down.When reopening electric submersible pump, well fluid level declines quickly, reduces into the liquid in electric submersible pump, because This electric current is also reduced rapidly, and occurs the case where underload leads to shutdown again.The reason of leading to this situation, is that oil well supplies Liquid scarce capacity, in addition, submergence and Pump type selection it is unreasonable be also its influence factor.

2. gases affect:

Since gas occupies the segment space in electric submersible pump, the load of electric immersible pump well is caused to reduce, oil well operating current exists It can present in long-term and regularly fluctuate, but operating current is not less than underload electric current and is in the presence of that underload is shut down.Cause This situation is since gas is excessive in well liquid, in addition, well deliverability is poor, pump diameter selects excessive or lower-continuous mapping too big Caused electric submersible pump inlet induction is also major reason.

3. gas lock:

When air content is excessive in electric submersible pump, gas lock will lead to.Electric submersible pump actual displacement is less than rated discharge, due to a large amount of gas Body causes the operating current of electric submersible pump to reduce and fluctuation characteristic is presented, when hydrodynamic face is reduced to electric submersible pump entrance into electric submersible pump When, system causes to shut down because of underload.When restarting electric submersible pump, this change procedure reappears on current curve, mainly Reason is that bulk gas enters in electric submersible pump, meanwhile, oil well liquid-supplying is insufficient, and pump diameter is excessive, and lower-continuous mapping is too low also all to lead The main reason for causing gas lock failure.

4. sand plug:

When sand plug failure occurs for electric immersible pump well, electric submersible pump load will increase, and cause electric submersible pump operating current to be higher than specified Electric current, when serious conditions, it is formation sand production mistake that operating current, which can be higher than overload current cause the reason of shutting down, leading to this situation, It is more.

5. paraffin blockage:

When paraffin blockage occurs, electric submersible pump load will increase, and electric submersible pump operating current is caused to be higher than rated current, serious conditions When, operating current, which can be higher than overload current, to be caused to shut down, main reason is that oil well is for a long time without the content of wax in wax removal or well liquid It measures excessively high.

2) electrical fault: fault type specifically includes that motor is burnt, and motor temperature is excessively high, mechanical failure, winding failure, Motor oscillating.Under nominal situation, motor operation is normal, and power, revolving speed, electric current, voltage are within the scope of reasonable.For example, Operating voltage (three-phase) fluctuating range may not exceed 5%, and operating current (three-phase) fluctuating range may not exceed 5%, D.C. resistance For (three-phase) degree of unbalancedness less than 2%, underload electric current and overload current are respectively 0.8 times and 1.2 times of rated current, supply voltage Fluctuation range is within 5%, and motor overload ability is between 1.8 to 2.6 etc..

1. motor oscillating:

When vibration fault occurs in motor, since electric submersible pump load becomes larger, operating current is more bigger than rated current, but will not Cause operating current that can be higher than overload current to cause the case where shutting down, main cause has that unit is uneven, rotor and fixed Son friction is excessive, and damaging occurs in motor bearings.

2. winding failure:

When machine winding breaks down, operating current will be immediately resulted in higher than overload current to cause to shut down, mainly The reason is that operating voltage is excessively high, winding short circuit or mechanical breakdown.

3. motor overheating:

When overheating fault occurs for motor, operating current is caused gently to increase, under serious overheat condition, it will lead to work Electric current is higher than overload current to causing to shut down, cause such case be due to viscosity of produced liquid in oil well is big, electric motor starting excessively Frequently, improper, line short of Pump type selection etc..

4. motor is burnt:

When burning fault occurs for motor, it will lead to system power and increase rapidly and be higher than overload current and cause to shut down immediately, Leading to such case is the imbalance due to voltage extreme, and dynamo oil severe leakage, motor is cooling to be not thorough, and motor lubrication is not thorough Bottom, protector have well liquid entrance, and electric submersible pump discharge capacity is excessively high.

5. mechanical failure:

When there is the damage of electric immersible pump well unit equipment, it will lead to electric submersible pump operating current greater than rated value, cause this Situation is casing is severely deformed etc. since electric submersible pump guide wheel or protector block.

3) electric submersible pump failure: fault type specifically includes that pump shaft fractures, pump leakage, holddown etc..

1. pump abrasion:

When pump occurs wearing this failure, cause electric submersible pump electric current slightly above or slightly below rated current, however will not Cause to shut down, main cause has excessive corrosive substance to be present in well liquid, and choosing pumps the improper or unit working time too It is long.

2. holddown:

When generation electric submersible pump is stuck situation, cause electric submersible pump running current more slightly higher than normal value, under serious conditions, electricity Stream, which is higher than overload current, to be caused to shut down, the main reason is that wax deposition is excessive, oil well seriously shakes out, well liquid contains excessive impurity Deng.

3. pump shaft is disconnected:

When generation pump shaft fractures, electric submersible pump running current is increased rapidly, and electric current then just occurs and makes higher than overload current At shutdown, causing this failure is due to separator and impeller Severe blockage, and pump shaft fractures.

4. pump blocking:

When plugging fault occurs for electric submersible pump, it will lead to electric submersible pump running current greater than rated current, however can't send out Raw shutdown situation, causing this failure is shaked out due to oil well paraffinication, and impurity etc. is contained in well liquid.

4) cable fault: fault type specifically includes that cable breakdown, end are burnt, and insulation resistance is too low.

1. insulation resistance is low:

When cable resistance is too small, it will lead to electric submersible pump running current greater than rated value, however not will lead to shutdown shape Condition occurs, and there are many factor for causing this failure to occur, and temperature is excessively high, and insulating layer is corroded, artificial damage, is also not excluded for normal The factor of aging.

2. cable breakdown:

When there is cable breakdown, and then electric submersible pump operating current falls to zero, and causing such case is due to cable Protective layer be corroded damage, temperature is excessively high or mechanical damage is serious etc..

3. end is burnt out:

When generation end is burned failure, electric submersible pump hard stop, main cause may be that end has well liquid Into.

5) protector failure: fault type specifically includes that protector temperature is excessively high, and protector has well liquid entrance.

1. protector feed liquor:

When protector feed liquor failure occurs, electric submersible pump running current will lead to greater than rated current, but will not be immediately Shutdown situation is caused to occur, principal element includes thrust bearing abrasion, and air locking is by mechanical damage, migration or installation side Formula is unreasonable etc..

2. protector overheats:

When protector when the temperature is excessively high, electric submersible pump operating current is more slightly higher than normal value, but will not immediately result in overload and stop Machine, main cause may be that oil is contaminated in protector or misses.

6) other failures: fault type specifically includes that power failure, separator failure, pipeline occur missing or block.

1. decoupler shaft is disconnected:

When such a malfunction occurs, it will lead to electric submersible pump running current greater than load current value, main cause may be Holddown is serious or casing deformation is serious.

2. being gone here and there under separator:

When there is this situation, electric submersible pump current curve is caused to fluctuate, main cause may be unit imbalance And occur shaking or unreasonable installation.

3. power failure:

Power grid power supply will appear power failure when abnormal, causes electric submersible pump operating voltage to change, current curve is caused to be sent out Raw fluctuation.

4. pipeline blocks:

This failure will lead to electric submersible pump running current greater than rated value, but not will lead to the generation of shutdown situation, it may be possible to Sand production rate or wax deposition amount are excessively high, and the impurity contained in well liquid results in blockage.

5. pipeline is missed:

This failure will lead to the reduction of electric submersible pump load, and running current is less than rated current, and whens serious conditions, which will lead to, to stop Machine, main cause may be that pipeline loosens.

The morphological feature of the current curve of the common operating condition of electric immersible pump well is illustrated below.

1) current curve to run well:

Electric current of the electric submersible pump in steady load be it is constant, current characteristic curve is more satisfactory, in this case, electric current Operation figure may generate tiny fluctuation, but can not have biggish fluctuation as shown in Fig. 2, be a smooth straight line, no Then indicate that oil well has gone wrong.

2) current curve under mains fluctuations:

The reason of Fig. 3 is the fluctuation of current value caused by mains fluctuations, leads to this phenomenon may be other set Standby to cause supply voltage sudden change, several lesser fluctuations are combined, or due to the electrical interference of other factors, such as thunderstorm weather Influence.

3) current curve of underload protection failure:

Current curve shown in Fig. 4 illustrates after electric submersible pump unit normally starts, under running a period of time electric current gradually Drop until dropping to close to no-load current always, almost runs one section of unexpected overload shutdown of long time under idle condition. Such case shows to dally due to motor, and no liquid, which flows through, to be taken away heat that motor is distributed and temperature is caused constantly to increase, It is burned out so as to cause motor or cable.

4) current curve of overload shutdown:

Fig. 5 is shown due to overload and the current curve of termination of pumping.After electric submersible pump operates normally a stage, running current starts Increase, when increasing to overload current, electric current is strongly reduced to zero, causes to shut down.Such case may be due to liquid viscosity Increase, sand plug, paraffin blockage, winding failure, motor overheating, holddown, pump shaft is disconnected, end is burnt out, caused by pipeline failure etc..

5) current curve shut down under emergency case:

As shown in fig. 6, after electric submersible pump steadily operates normally a stage, unexpected load subtracts after electric submersible pump unit normally starts As low as 0, cause electric current to be rapidly decreased to 0, causing the reason of shutting down, causing this operating condition includes that pump shaft fractures, motor is burnt, cable It is breakdown etc..

6) current curve frequently restarted:

Fig. 7 shows that electric current fluctuates in the shutdown process of electric submersible pump unit in periodic, and such case may be that electricity is latent Caused by having leakage in the excessive or system of the specification choosing of pump, after electric submersible pump starting, oil well load declines quickly, electricity Machine load lightens, and running current drops to underload electric current hereinafter, shutdown situation is caused to occur, and restarting is electric after a period of time Machine, current curve variation characteristic will repeat.Such case be it is extremely harmful, pump or trimming need to be changed immediately.

7) current curve shut down in well liquid containing impurity holddown:

Fig. 8 shows that electric submersible pump unit has been started up, and runs to and sometime fluctuates suddenly, and electric current increases, and increases When being added to overload current, lead to overload shutdown, leading to the factor of this operating condition includes causing holddown containing silt particle or clast in well liquid.

8) containing the current curve under gaseity:

Fig. 9 shows the current curve feature under gases affect.The gas contained in the production fluid of stratum enters in electric submersible pump, Electric submersible pump load fluctuation is caused, causes running current regular fluctuation for a long time, and can be seen that the frequency of this fluctuation It with amplitude close to identical, holds time longer, but fluctuating range is smaller, not will lead to overload or underload, it may be considered that application is broken Emulsion or rotary separator solve the problems, such as this.

9) current curve when gas lock is pumped:

Figure 10 shows the termination of pumping phenomenon that electric submersible pump is generated due to gas lock, and electric submersible pump ran well after a period of time, by In liquid level decline, the operating current decline lower than rated discharge, gas deaerates near electric submersible pump, and electric current starts to fluctuate. Due to well fluid level close to electric submersible pump entrance, interval outlet and irregular liquid stream cause running current and meanwhile reduce and wave It is dynamic, finally underload is caused to be shut down.This occurs it is contemplated that will arrive degassing or less under electric submersible pump using method appropriate.

10) current curve when pump depletion:

Figure 11 shows that electric submersible pump evacuates and the current curve of underload termination of pumping.Electric submersible pump unit normally starts one stage of operating Afterwards, since well fluid level reduces, electric submersible pump discharge capacity is less than its rated discharge, oil well load and running current is caused to reduce, when When electric current is down to the underload electric current of setting or less, termination of pumping is caused to shut down, restart electric submersible pump unit, running current strongly reduces To 0, lead to quick shutdown.There is such case and is contemplated that the suitable electric submersible pump of replacement.

The description of the above-mentioned relevant morphological feature of current curve given under common operating condition, then, it is above-mentioned by extracting Current curve characteristic quantity under each common operating condition is (in current curve feature and current curve comprising characterizing curent change situation The sequencing for each current curve feature for including), so that it may foundation is related to the Diagnosis of Work Conditions model of different operating conditions.

In the present embodiment, current curve feature includes following five kinds: the stable stabling current feature of characterization electric current, characterization electricity The fluctuating current feature of fluctuation is flowed, the shutdown current characteristic that characterization electric submersible pump is shut down characterizes the reduction current characteristic that electric current reduces, And the increase current characteristic that characterization electric current increases.Wherein, reducing current characteristic includes that electric current slowly reduces feature and electric current is fast Speed reduces feature.

A kind of processing and deterministic process of current curve feature is given below:

Firstly, needing first to be standardized current data to improve the efficiency of data processing.Obtain electricity in real time It after flow data, needs to be standardized, to solve the comparativity between data, initial data is by data normalization After reason, all data are in the same order of magnitude, are appropriate for Comprehensive Correlation evaluation.According to the Oil Field actual measurement being collected into Current curve, the corresponding value of running current is 40A, and the corresponding value of electric current after shutdown is 0A.So diagnosis can be treated Current data be handled as follows, to carry out subsequent signature analysis:

In formula,For i point (i.e. i-th of current detecting point, that is, ith sample period collected current value, under Current value after being standardized together), I_(i)For the measured current value of i point, unit A, I_nIt is (corresponding for normal working current value 40A among the above), unit A.

In addition, the current curve corresponding time in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model is 24 hours, it is therefore desirable to also carry out the time Standardization:

In formula,For the time after the corresponding standardization of i point；t_(i)For the measured time of i point, unit h； t_maxFor the maximum duration (corresponding among the above for 24 hours) in measured current curve, unit h.

Certainly, standardization is a kind of embodiment of optimization, can also be without as other embodiments Standardization.

It after completing standardization, needs to calculate the slope of each current detecting point, obtains one group of reflection curent change rule Calibration slope (i.e. curent change slope) data of rule:

In formula,For slope of the current curve at i point after standardization,For (the i.e. (i-1)-th electric current inspection of i-1 point Current value after measuring point, that is, (i-1)-th sampling period collected current value, similarly hereinafter) being standardized,For i-1 Time after the corresponding standardization of point.

That is, the curent change slope of some current detecting point passes through electric current, electric current of the current detecting point The time of test point corresponding time, the electric current of upper current detecting point and upper current detecting point are calculated.By Belong to routine techniques in the calculating of curent change slope, the present embodiment can also take other calculating of existing curent change slope Mode.

Then, the extraction and analysis of current curve feature are carried out.Current curve feature under the common operating condition of comprehensive analysis, with It is lower that five kinds of current curve features are specifically described respectively:

1. stabling current feature:

The curent change slope of current curve data point (i.e. current detecting point) is basically stable near 0, i.e. current curve In curent change slope absolute value be less than or equal to electric current stablize given threshold, here, electric current stablize given threshold with For 12, it may be assumed that -12≤k^*≤12。

2. fluctuating current feature:

The curent change slope variation of current curve data point it is larger, in particular to: the curent change in current curve is oblique The absolute value of rate is greater than above-mentioned electric current and stablizes given threshold and be less than or equal to current fluctuation setting upper limit threshold, here, electricity Stream fluctuation setting upper limit threshold is for 800, it may be assumed that -800≤k^*< -12,12 < k^*≤800；Moreover, current curve includes at least Two curent change slopes be positive value process and at least two curent change slopes be negative value process, curent change slope is The process and curent change slope of positive value are that the process of negative value is alternately present, i.e., curent change slope is in certain period of time memory In positive and negative alternate situation of change, also, each curent change slope is the process duration of positive value less than first Set period of time, each curent change slope are the process duration of negative value less than the second set period of time.Generally For, current fluctuation indicates that electric current increases and reduce the number occurred more than once, and each electric current increases or reduces Process duration it is all very short, as shown in figure 9, so, the setting mesh of the first set period of time and the second set period of time Be in order to illustrate the process that each curent change slope is positive value and process that each curent change slope is negative value Duration do not grow.

3. shutting down current characteristic:

Curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and the curent change slope of current curve data point is exhausted Very big to being worth, i.e., the numerical value of curent change slope, which is less than or equal to, shuts down change threshold, and therefore, which is One negative value shuts down change threshold for -1000, i.e. k here^*≤ -1000, moreover, electric current is decreased to 0.In addition, n_t>=1, n_tIndicate machine stop times.

4. reducing current characteristic:

The curent change slope of current curve data point is smaller negative value.Wherein, electric current slowly reduces feature and specifically refers to: Curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and the absolute value of curent change slope is greater than above-mentioned electric current and stablizes setting Threshold value, and be less than or equal to electric current slowly reduces setting upper limit threshold, here, electric current slowly reduce set upper limit threshold with For 400, i.e. -400≤k^*< -12, and, in order to indicate that electric current is to reduce variation, and be not belonging to fluctuating current feature, here, Curent change slope is a negative value duration, i.e., the time that electric current persistently reduces is greater than third set period of time, Third set period of time can be more than or equal to the second set period of time, indicate that electric current slowly reduces the electric current under feature and continues The time to become smaller is longer than the process duration that an electric current under fluctuating current feature becomes smaller, and certainly, third is set The specific value for section of fixing time is determined according to the actual situation.

Electric current quickly reduces feature and specifically refers to: the curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and electric current becomes The absolute value for changing slope is greater than electric current and quickly reduces setting lower threshold, and is less than electric current and quickly reduces setting upper limit threshold, on State electric current slowly reduce setting upper limit threshold be less than the electric current quickly reduces set lower threshold, here, electric current, which quickly reduces, to be set Lower threshold is determined for 600, and electric current quickly reduces setting upper limit threshold for 1000, i.e. -1000 < k^*< -600, and, Similarly with upper section, in order to indicate that electric current is to reduce variation, and be not belonging to fluctuating current feature, here, curent change slope is one A negative value duration, i.e., the time that electric current persistently reduces are greater than the 4th set period of time, and the 4th set period of time can To be more than or equal to the second set period of time, indicate that electric current quickly reduces time that the electric current under feature persistently becomes smaller than wave The process duration that an electric current under streaming current feature becomes smaller will be grown, certainly, the specific number of the 4th set period of time Value is determined according to the actual situation.

5. increasing current characteristic:

The curent change slope of current curve data point is larger positive value, and curent change slope is stablized greater than above-mentioned electric current Given threshold, and it is less than or equal to electric current increase setting upper limit threshold, here, electric current increase setting upper limit threshold is with 300 Example, i.e. 12 < k^*≤ 300, here, similarly with reduction current characteristic, in order to indicate that electric current is to increase variation, and be not belonging to fluctuate Current characteristic, here, curent change slope are a positive value duration, i.e., the time that electric current persistently increases is greater than the Five set period of time, the 5th set period of time can be more than or equal to the second set period of time, indicate that electric current increases under feature Time for persistently increasing of electric current it is longer than the process duration that an electric current under fluctuating current feature increases, when So, the specific value of the 5th set period of time is determined according to the actual situation.

Above-mentioned to give the specific judgment mode of five kinds of current curve features, certainly, this five kinds of current curve features belong to In existing feature, therefore, the judgement of this five kinds of current curve features can also use other modes, such as: pass through convolution The mode that neural network is trained sample data.

Therefore, include in the Diagnosis of Work Conditions model established based on above-mentioned common operating condition and corresponding current curve feature Operating condition have: normal operation, underload protection failure, overload shutdown, shuts down under emergency case, frequently opens again at mains fluctuations It is shut down in dynamic, well liquid containing impurity holddown, containing gaseity, pump gas lock and pump depletion.Below to the corresponding current curve of each operating condition The sequencing of feature and each current curve feature is illustrated respectively:

The corresponding current curve feature that runs well is stabling current feature；The corresponding current curve of mains fluctuations is special The sequencing of sign and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+fluctuating current feature；Underload protects failure corresponding The sequencing of current curve feature and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+electric current slowly reduces feature+stabilization Current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of overload shutdown and each current curve feature Are as follows: stabling current feature+increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；Shut down under emergency case corresponding current curve feature with And the sequencing of each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+shutdown current characteristic；Frequently restart including at least twice Restart process, process restarted for any one, corresponding current curve feature and each current curve feature it is successive Sequentially are as follows: increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；In well liquid containing impurity holddown shut down corresponding current curve feature and The sequencing of each current curve feature are as follows: fluctuating current feature+increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；Containing gaseity pair The current curve feature answered is fluctuating current feature；Pump the elder generation of the corresponding current curve feature of gas lock and each current curve feature Sequence afterwards are as follows: stabling current feature+electric current slowly reduces feature+fluctuating current feature+shutdown current characteristic；Pump depletion is corresponding The sequencing of current curve feature and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+electric current slowly reduces feature+shutdown Current characteristic.

Figure 12 and Figure 13 summarizes Diagnosis of Work Conditions model.

Step 3: special according to the current curve for the characterization curent change situation extracted in the actual current curve of electric submersible pump The sequencing for each current curve feature for including in sign and the actual current curve is determined and is somebody's turn to do in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model The current curve that actual current curve matches, and then determine the actual condition of electric immersible pump well.

A kind of specific application example is given below:

By taking live a bite electric immersible pump well as an example, measured current curve is as shown in Figure 6.In conjunction with measured current curve, motor is flat After steady normal operation (electric current is steady) stage, unexpected load is decreased to 0, and electric current is caused to be rapidly decreased to 0, causes to shut down.

Typical characteristics calculate (automatically extract characteristic value by software, while calculating following result):

-12≤k^*≤12；k^*≤-1000。

Software model analyzes feature value attribute:

(1) stabling current feature: -12≤k^*≤12；

(2) current characteristic: k is shut down^*≤-1000。

Diagnostic result is obtained by comparing with Diagnosis of Work Conditions model, are as follows: emergency case is shut down.

The above-mentioned Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method based on current parameters can be used as a kind of computer program, be stored in electricity In memory in latent pump sump Diagnosis of Work Conditions device, and run on the processor in Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device.

Specific embodiment is presented above, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.Base of the invention This thinking is above-mentioned basic scheme, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, various changes are designed in introduction according to the present invention The model of shape, formula, parameter do not need to spend creative work.It is right without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention The change, modification, replacement and modification that embodiment carries out are still fallen in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method based on current parameters, which comprises the following steps:

(2) characteristic quantity in the actual current curve is compared with the Diagnosis of Work Conditions model of foundation, wherein the operating condition Diagnostic model includes the characteristic quantity at least two operating conditions, current curve corresponding with each operating condition and each current curve；

(3) it is determined and the actual current curve phase in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model according to the characteristic quantity in the actual current curve Matched current curve, and then determine the actual condition of electric immersible pump well.

2. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method according to claim 1 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that electric current is bent Characteristic quantity in line includes each current curve for including in the current curve feature and current curve for characterize curent change situation The sequencing of feature.

3. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method according to claim 2 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that the electricity Flow curve feature includes five kinds: the stable stabling current feature of characterization electric current characterizes the fluctuating current feature of current fluctuation, characterizes The increase electricity that the shutdown current characteristic that electric submersible pump is shut down, the reduction current characteristic that characterization electric current reduces, and characterization electric current increase Flow feature, wherein reducing current characteristic includes that electric current slowly reduces feature and electric current quickly reduces feature.

4. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method according to claim 3 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that

The stabling current feature specifically refers to: the absolute value of the curent change slope in current curve is less than or equal to electric current Stablize given threshold；

The fluctuating current feature specifically refers to: the absolute value of the curent change slope in current curve is stablized greater than the electric current Given threshold and be less than or equal to current fluctuation set upper limit threshold, and current curve include at least two curent changes it is oblique Rate be positive value process and at least two curent change slopes be negative value process, curent change slope be positive value process and electricity Rheology slope is that the process of negative value is alternately present, and each curent change slope is small for the process duration of positive value In the first set period of time, each curent change slope is the process duration of negative value less than the second setting time Section；

The current characteristic of shutting down specifically refers to: curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and the curent change The numerical value of slope, which is less than or equal to, shuts down change threshold, and the shutdowns change threshold is a negative value, and curent change is to 0；

The electric current, which slowly reduces, to be specifically referred to: the curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and curent change is oblique The absolute value of rate is greater than the electric current and stablizes given threshold, and is less than or equal to electric current and slowly reduces setting upper limit threshold, and Curent change slope is that a negative value duration is greater than third set period of time；The electric current quickly reduces Refer to: the curent change slope in current curve is a negative value, and the absolute value of curent change slope is greater than electric current and quickly reduces Set lower threshold, and be less than electric current quickly reduces setting upper limit threshold, and curent change slope for a negative value it is lasting when Between section be greater than the 4th set period of time, wherein the electric current slowly reduces setting upper limit threshold and quickly reduces less than the electric current Set lower threshold；

The current characteristic that increases specifically refers to: the curent change slope in current curve is a positive value, and curent change is oblique Rate is greater than the electric current and stablizes given threshold, and is less than or equal to electric current increase setting upper limit threshold, and curent change slope It is greater than the 5th set period of time for a positive value duration.

5. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' method according to claim 3 or 4 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that

Include following operating condition in Diagnosis of Work Conditions model: normal operation, underload protection failure, overload shutdown, is dashed forward at mains fluctuations It shuts down in the case of hair, frequently restart, containing the shutdown of impurity holddown in well liquid, containing gaseity, pump gas lock and pump depletion, wherein

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of mains fluctuations and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature + fluctuating current feature；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of failure and each current curve feature is protected in underload are as follows: stabling current feature + electric current slowly reduces feature+stabling current feature+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of overload shutdown and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+increasing High current feature+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of corresponding current curve feature and each current curve feature is shut down under emergency case are as follows: stabling current is special Sign+shutdown current characteristic；

Frequently restart including restarting process at least twice, process is restarted for any one, corresponding current curve is special The sequencing of sign and each current curve feature are as follows: increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of corresponding current curve feature and each current curve feature is shut down in well liquid containing impurity holddown are as follows: wave Streaming current feature+increase current characteristic+shutdown current characteristic；

Pump the sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of gas lock and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+electric current Slowly reduce feature+fluctuating current feature+shutdown current characteristic；

The sequencing of the corresponding current curve feature of pump depletion and each current curve feature are as follows: stabling current feature+electric current Slowly reduce feature+shutdown current characteristic.

6. a kind of Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device based on current parameters, including memory, processor and it is stored in described In memory and the computer program that can run on a processor, which is characterized in that the processor is executing the computer The treatment process realized when program the following steps are included:

7. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device according to claim 6 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that electric current is bent Characteristic quantity in line includes each current curve for including in the current curve feature and current curve for characterize curent change situation The sequencing of feature.

8. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device according to claim 7 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that the electricity Flow curve feature includes five kinds: the stable stabling current feature of characterization electric current characterizes the fluctuating current feature of current fluctuation, characterizes The increase electricity that the shutdown current characteristic that electric submersible pump is shut down, the reduction current characteristic that characterization electric current reduces, and characterization electric current increase Flow feature, wherein reducing current characteristic includes that electric current slowly reduces feature and electric current quickly reduces feature.

9. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device according to claim 8 based on current parameters, which is characterized in that

10. the Diagnosing The Faults of Esp ' device based on current parameters according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that