CN110280145B - Super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110280145B
CN110280145B CN201910599253.8A CN201910599253A CN110280145B CN 110280145 B CN110280145 B CN 110280145B CN 201910599253 A CN201910599253 A CN 201910599253A CN 110280145 B CN110280145 B CN 110280145B
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CN110280145A (en
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顾林
曾志翔
张哲鹏
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D17/00Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0202Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0079Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/36Hydrophilic membranes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in deionized water to form a mixed dispersion liquid; and depositing the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane. The modified separation membrane has super-hydrophilicity and super-oleophobicity under water, good stability and high oil-water separation efficiency, can effectively separate oil-water emulsion, has simple preparation process, safety, environmental protection and low price, can realize large-scale preparation, and has good industrial application prospect.

Description

Super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil-water separation membrane, in particular to a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, a preparation method and application thereof, for example, application in oil-water separation, and belongs to the field of functional materials.
Background
With the rapid development of industry and the acceleration of urbanization process, wastewater containing a large amount of pollutants is discharged into the environment, so that the ecological environment is destroyed, and the human health is threatened. Among these contaminants, emulsified oil is particularly difficult to handle. The traditional methods of gravity separation, ultrasonic separation, air flotation, centrifugation, coagulation, biological treatment and the like are limited due to low separation efficiency and large secondary pollution, and the development of an efficient, energy-saving and economic emulsified oil separation method is urgently needed.
Membrane separation techniques have been used to separate various emulsified oils from water due to their simple process and considerable flux. However, most polymer membranes are hydrophobic, even highly hydrophobic, and the hydrophobic membranes formed thereby will strongly adsorb emulsified oil, resulting in a sharp drop in water flux. Imparting superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity to membranes may be effective approaches to solving these problems.
However, how to impart membrane superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity has long been a challenge addressed by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, a preparation method and application thereof, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in deionized water to form a mixed dispersion liquid;
and depositing the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and depositing the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, and then airing to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane prepared by any one of the methods.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane in the field of oil-water separation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the water contact angle can be changed into 0 degree within 1 second, the super-hydrophilic property is realized, the underwater oil contact angle is more than 150 degrees, the super-oleophobic property is realized, the stability is good, the oil-water separation efficiency is high, and the oil-water emulsion can be effectively separated.
(2) The super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, safety, environmental protection and low price, can realize large-scale preparation of the modified separation membrane, and has good industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the water contact angle of the modified nylon membrane prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a contact angle of the modified nylon membrane prepared in example 1 with methylene chloride under water;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a contact angle of the modified mixed cellulose film prepared in example 2 with toluene under water;
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the contact angle of the modified cellulose acetate film prepared in example 3 with cyclohexane under water;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the experimental apparatus for oil-water separation in examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies and extensive practices to provide technical solutions of the present invention. The technical solution, its implementation and principles, etc. will be further explained as follows.
One aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane, which includes:
dispersing graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in deionized water to form a mixed dispersion liquid;
and depositing the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane, and drying to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: adding graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-60 minutes to form the mixed dispersion liquid;
in some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and depositing the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, and then airing to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane.
Furthermore, the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube is a one-dimensional nano material formed in nature, has a unique and perfect nano tubular structure, and has strong hydrophilicity.
Further, the graphene oxide may be prepared by a Hummer method or a derivative method thereof.
Further, the polymer microfiltration membrane includes any one of a polysulfone microfiltration membrane, a nylon microfiltration membrane, a cellulose acetate microfiltration membrane, and a mixed cellulose microfiltration membrane, but is not limited thereto.
Furthermore, the aperture of the filter pores contained in the polymer microfiltration membrane is preferably 0.2-0.5 micron.
Further, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the one-dimensional single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube is preferably 1: 10 to 200.
Furthermore, the content of the graphene oxide in the mixed dispersion liquid is 1-5 mg/L, and the content of the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube is 10-100 mg/L.
Furthermore, the thickness of a covering layer formed by the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nano-tube deposited on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane is 0.1-2 microns.
In some more specific embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane can be performed according to the following steps:
(1) adding graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion;
(2) and (3) performing suction filtration on the mixed dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) by using a vacuum suction filtration method, depositing the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane, and airing to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic modified separation membrane prepared by any of the methods described above.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the invention, an oil-water separation device comprises the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an oil-water separation method, including: and enabling the oil-water mixed system to pass through the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane to realize oil-water separation.
Preferably, the oil-water mixture system comprises an oil-water emulsion.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube and graphene oxide are compounded and deposited on the surface of the polymer microfiltration membrane by vacuum filtration and other methods, so that the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modification of the polymer microfiltration membrane is realized, the polymer microfiltration membrane has oil-water separation capability, the process is simple, safe and environment-friendly, and can be implemented on a large scale, the water contact angle of the obtained modified separation membrane can be changed into 0 degree within 1 second, meanwhile, the underwater oil contact angle is more than 150 degrees, the stability is good, the oil-water emulsion can be effectively separated, the separation effect is good, the membrane can be repeatedly used, and the membrane has a good application prospect.
The present invention is described in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1 a method for preparing a superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic modified nylon membrane can be performed according to the following steps:
(1) adding 0.1mg of graphene oxide and 1.0mg of one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube into 30mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes;
(2) and (3) performing suction filtration on the mixed dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) by using a vacuum suction filtration method, depositing the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the nylon microfiltration membrane, and airing to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified nylon membrane.
The modified nylon membrane obtained in this example had a water contact angle of 0 ° (see fig. 1), and it was measured under water to have a contact angle of about 153 ° (see fig. 2) with 1 microliter of methylene chloride.
The oil-water separation test of the modified nylon membrane obtained in this example was carried out using an experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 5. The polymer membrane is fixed in the middle of a clamp, emulsion of dichloromethane and water (volume ratio is 1: 99, stirring speed is 1000 r/min, oil drop particle size is 4-20 microns) is poured into a container above a testing device, and filtrate flows into a receiving bottle below. The oil-water separation efficiency measured by infrared photometry was 99.5%.
The same experiment was carried out by substituting the aforementioned dichloromethane for rapeseed oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, camellia oil, sunflower seed oil, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, benzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, diiodomethane, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, various solvent oils and the like, and the results showed that the oil-water separation efficiency was 99% or more.
Example 2 a method for preparing a superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic modified mixed cellulose membrane can be performed according to the following steps:
(1) adding 0.1mg of graphene oxide and 2mg of one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotubes into 30mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40 minutes;
(2) and (2) carrying out suction filtration and deposition on the mixed dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to the surface of the mixed cellulose microfiltration membrane by using a vacuum suction filtration method, and airing to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified mixed cellulose membrane.
The modified mixed cellulose obtained in this example had a water contact angle of 0 ° and the film was measured to have a contact angle of about 153 ° with 1. mu.l of toluene when placed under water (see FIG. 3).
The modified mixed cellulose obtained in this example was subjected to an oil-water separation test using an experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 5. The polymer membrane is fixed in the middle of a clamp, an emulsion of toluene and water (volume ratio is 2: 98, stirring speed is 1000 r/min, oil drop particle size is 5-25 microns) is poured into a container above a testing device, and filtrate flows into a receiving bottle below. The oil-water efficiency was found to be 99.7% by infrared photometry.
Example 3 a method for preparing a superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic modified cellulose acetate film can be performed according to the following steps:
(1) adding 0.1mg of graphene oxide and 3mg of one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube into 30mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 50 minutes;
(2) and (2) performing suction filtration on the mixed dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) by using a vacuum suction filtration method, depositing the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of the cellulose acetate microfiltration membrane, and airing to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified cellulose acetate membrane.
The modified cellulose acetate film obtained in this example had a water contact angle of 0 ° and the contact angle of the film with 1. mu.l of cyclohexane was measured by placing it under water to be about 151 ° (see FIG. 4).
The modified cellulose acetate film obtained in this example was subjected to an oil-water separation test using an experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 5. The polymer membrane is fixed in the middle of a clamp, an emulsion of cyclohexane and water (volume ratio of 1: 99, magnetic stirring speed of 1000 r/min, oil drop particle size of 6-30 microns) is poured into a container above a testing device, and the filtrate flows into a receiving bottle below. The oil-water efficiency was found to be 99.8% by infrared photometry.
Comparative example 1: a modified nylon membrane was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that:
the step (1) comprises the following steps: 2mg of one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube is added into 30mL of deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 40 minutes.
The modified nylon membrane obtained in this comparative example was tested for hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity in the manner described in example 1, and the result showed that the modified nylon membrane had a water contact angle of 35 ° and a contact angle of about 138 ° with methylene chloride under water.
Referring again to the method of example 1, the oil-water separation test of the modified nylon membrane obtained in the comparative example showed that the oil-water efficiency was 90.5%.
Comparative example 2: a modified nylon membrane was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that:
the step (1) comprises the following steps: 0.1mg of graphene oxide was added to 30mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically dispersed for 40 minutes.
The modified nylon membrane obtained in this comparative example was tested for hydrophilicity and underwater superlipophobicity in the same manner as in example 1, and it was found that the modified nylon membrane had a water contact angle of 25 ° and a contact angle with methylene chloride under water of about 140 °.
Referring again to the method of example 1, the oil-water separation test of the modified nylon membrane obtained in the comparative example showed that the oil-water efficiency was 95%.
In addition, the inventor also refers to the previous embodiment and carries out corresponding experiments under other process conditions mentioned in the specification, and the results show that the obtained super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane has relatively ideal oil-water separation performance.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and that other variations and modifications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dispersing graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube in deionized water to form a mixed dispersion liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube is 1: 10-200;
depositing the graphene oxide and the one-dimensional single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube in the mixed dispersion liquid on the surface of a polymer microfiltration membrane to form a covering layer with the thickness of 0.1-2 microns by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, and then drying the covering layer to obtain the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane;
the aperture of the filter pores contained in the polymer microfiltration membrane is 0.2-0.5 micron.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising: adding graphene oxide and a one-dimensional single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-60 minutes to form the mixed dispersion liquid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the polymer microfiltration membrane comprises any one of a polysulfone microfiltration membrane, a nylon microfiltration membrane, a cellulose acetate microfiltration membrane and a mixed cellulose microfiltration membrane.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the content of the graphene oxide in the mixed dispersion liquid is 1-5 mg/L, and the content of the one-dimensional single-wall aluminosilicate nanotube is 10-100 mg/L.
5. A superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic modified separation membrane prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-4.
6. An oil-water separation device, characterized by comprising the super hydrophilic-underwater super oleophobic modified separation membrane of claim 5.
7. An oil-water separation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the oil-water mixed system passes through the super-hydrophilic-underwater super-oleophobic modified separation membrane in claim 5 to realize oil-water separation; the oil-water mixed system is an oil-water emulsion.
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