CN110278960A - The control method of phytophthora infestans and its caused plant disease - Google Patents
The control method of phytophthora infestans and its caused plant disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN110278960A CN110278960A CN201910602444.5A CN201910602444A CN110278960A CN 110278960 A CN110278960 A CN 110278960A CN 201910602444 A CN201910602444 A CN 201910602444A CN 110278960 A CN110278960 A CN 110278960A
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- allyl isothiocyanate
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- carrier
- late blight
- plant
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/14—Powders or granules wettable
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/46—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=C=S groups
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides the control method of phytophthora infestans and its caused plant disease.The method includes allyl isothiocyanate and/or its controlled release system, such as controlled release capsule, sustained-release granular formulation, wettable powder to be applied in the soil of planting plants, especially apply before planting.The control efficiency of allyl isothiocyanate controlled release system Phytophthora infestans provided by the invention is good, can long-acting control disease, reduce times for spraying, reduce drug cost.Allyl isothiocyanate, which is used alone, can effectively control phytophthora infestans, and the lasting period is up to 2 months.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides, and particularly relates to a potato late blight bacterium and a method for preventing and treating plant diseases caused by the potato late blight bacterium.
Background
Potatoes are important economic crops, grow rapidly, have high yield per mu and can be planted on soil which is not suitable for cereal crops such as rice, wheat, corn and the like. Edible potatoes are usually buried in the ground and are dug out when needed.
Potatoes are susceptible to certain pathogens, thereby limiting efficient potato production. Among them, late blight is a very important fungal disease that damages potatoes.
Phytophthora late is an oomycete pathogen that can infect and destroy the leaves, stems, fruits and tubers of potatoes. When late blight bacteria grow and reproduce rapidly on host crops, serious late blight disease can occur. It is propagated by sporangia produced by infected plant tissues and the rate of propagation is fastest at high humidity and mild temperatures (15-25 ℃). The sporangia spread late blight bacteria to healthy tissues by rain water spray or air flow from wind in the field, and air flow and contact in the storage room. Each sporangium can cause new lesions, resulting in the growth and spread of late blight. The control of late blight bacteria in the soil prior to potato planting is an important part of the control of this disease.
Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC), particularly in the form of mustard seed powder, has been used as an antimicrobial food preservative. It is also used as a soil fumigant, typically for effective control of soil nematodes, fungi and certain bacteria in brassica crops during growth and cultivation. Allyl isothiocyanate is a compound with high activity, and if the allyl isothiocyanate is directly applied to soil in a form without adding any protective agent, the duration is short, so that the control effect of phytophthora infestans is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating potato late blight bacteria and plant diseases caused by the potato late blight bacteria.
In order to achieve the object, the invention provides, in a first aspect, application of allyl isothiocyanate in controlling potato late blight bacteria (phytophthora infestans) and plant diseases caused by the potato late blight bacteria.
In the present invention, the plant diseases include, but are not limited to, late blight of potato.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a fumigant for preventing and treating potato late blight bacteria, wherein the effective component is allyl isothiocyanate.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a controlled release system for allyl isothiocyanate, the controlled release system being any one of ① to ③:
① controlled release capsule;
② sustained release granule;
③ wettable powder.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a controlled-release capsule containing allyl isothiocyanate as an active ingredient, wherein the capsule is made of at least one material selected from Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), polyether amide block copolymer (PEBAX), and the like.
Preferably, the controlled release capsule has an inner diameter of 2-6mm, a wall thickness of 0.2-1.0mm and a length of 35-120mm, and 0.3-2mL of allyl isothiocyanate can be filled in the controlled release capsule. Preferably 4mm in inner diameter, 0.5mm in wall thickness and 100mm in length, and 1mL of allyl isothiocyanate can be filled in the capsule.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a sustained-release granule, wherein an active ingredient of the sustained-release granule is allyl isothiocyanate, a core material of the sustained-release granule is a mineral-source or plant-source carrier adsorbing the allyl isothiocyanate, and the surface of the core material is coated with a polymer coating; optionally, the sustained-release granules contain a wetting agent, a thickening agent, a stabilizing agent and/or an antioxidant.
In the present invention, the mineral-derived or plant-derived carrier is at least one selected from vermiculite, kaolin, bentonite, activated clay, sepiolite, white carbon black, diatomaceous earth, light calcium carbonate, talc powder, plaster, chalk, china clay, montmorillonite, clay, high purity soil, wood flour, bamboo flour, corn cob and the like, preferably vermiculite or wood flour.
The raw material of the polymer coating is at least one selected from paraffin, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, palm wax, polysulfone resin, cellulose acetate, butyl acetate cellulose, polyvinyl acetate and the like.
The mass ratio of allyl isothiocyanate to the carrier to the polymer coating in the sustained-release granules is 1-50: 50-90: 5-10.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the sustained-release granule, including:
scheme I:
1) mixing allyl isothiocyanate with carrier particles of mineral sources or plant sources to saturate the adsorption capacity of the carrier particles;
2) mixing the rest allyl isothiocyanate with an organic solvent, adding polysulfone resin, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, butyl acetate cellulose and/or polyvinyl acetate, and uniformly mixing; wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from acetone, ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane, isopropanol, etc.;
3) spraying the mixture obtained in the step 2) on the surface of the carrier particles adsorbed with allyl isothiocyanate in the step 1), and drying to obtain the allyl isothiocyanate-containing carrier particles. Or,
scheme II:
mixing allyl isothiocyanate with carrier particles of mineral sources or plant sources to saturate the adsorption capacity of the carrier particles; and then, adding the carrier particles adsorbed with allyl isothiocyanate into molten paraffin, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax or palm wax, stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the allyl isothiocyanate-containing carrier particle.
In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a wettable powder, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-45 parts of active ingredient allyl isothiocyanate, 50-95 parts of mineral source or plant source carrier, 0.25-2.0 parts of thickening agent, 1-5 parts of anionic surfactant and 0.25-2.0 parts of antioxidant.
Wherein the mineral source or plant source carrier is at least one selected from vermiculite, kaolin, bentonite, activated clay, sepiolite, white carbon black, diatomite, light calcium carbonate, talcum powder, plaster, chalk soil, pottery clay, montmorillonite, clay, high purity soil, wood flour, bamboo powder, corn cob and the like, and preferably montmorillonite, wood flour or bamboo powder.
The thickener is at least one selected from xanthan gum, methylcellulose, alginate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, carrageenan, etc., preferably xanthan gum.
The anionic surfactant is at least one selected from sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan-20-monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan-20-oleic acid and lauric acid, preferably sodium dodecyl sulfonate.
The antioxidant is at least one selected from butylhydroxytoluene, Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), vitamin E, etc., preferably butylhydroxytoluene.
Preferably, the wettable powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-45 parts of active component allyl isothiocyanate, 0.25-2.0 parts of xanthan gum, preferably 1-5 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, preferably 2 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.25-2.0 parts of butyl hydroxy toluene.
More preferably, the wettable powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-45 parts of active ingredient allyl isothiocyanate, 0.5 part of xanthan gum, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.25-2.0 parts of butyl hydroxy toluene.
In an eighth aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the wettable powder, including: mixing allyl isothiocyanate and butyl hydroxy toluene, adding the mixture into the mixture of the carrier, the xanthan gum and the sodium dodecyl sulfate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the allyl isothiocyanate-butyl hydroxy toluene-sodium dodecyl sulfate composite.
In a ninth aspect, the invention provides an application of the controlled release capsule, the sustained release granule or the wettable powder in controlling potato late blight and plant diseases caused by potato late blight.
In a tenth aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling potato late blight and plant diseases caused thereby, which comprises applying allyl isothiocyanate and/or a controlled-release system thereof, such as a controlled-release capsule, a controlled-release granule, a wettable powder and the like, to soil where plants are grown, particularly before the growth.
By the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the allyl isothiocyanate controlled release system provided by the invention has a good control effect on potato late blight bacteria, can control the disease for a long time, reduces the medication times and reduces the medication cost. The allyl isothiocyanate can be used alone to effectively control the potato late blight bacteria, and the lasting period is as long as 2 months.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the release rate of allyl isothiocyanate from a blocked polymer capsule in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing AITC release rate measurement curves of the uncoated mineral-derived carrier and the uncoated plant-derived carrier in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available products.
The "%" referred to in the present invention means mass% unless otherwise specified; but the percent of the solution, unless otherwise specified, refers to the grams of solute contained in 100mL of the solution.
The late blight bacteria (potato late blight bacteria) referred to in the following examples are publicly available from the university of agriculture in china. Reference documents: daayf F, Adam L and Fernando WGD (2003) compatible scanning of bacteria for biological control of post-plate height (strain US-8) using input, decoded leaves, and floor plant testing systems, Canadian Journal of plant Pathology, 25: 276-284.
Example 1 controlling Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on Potato late blight bacterium
In vitro experiments were performed to determine whether allyl isothiocyanate at various concentrations could inhibit the growth of late blight potato on rye agar. Allyl isothiocyanate concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0ml/L were determined, respectively. Adding allyl isothiocyanate with different concentrations into a flask filled with an uncured sterile rye agar culture medium to obtain allyl isothiocyanate with a preset concentration, and pouring into a culture dish. The other group of dishes was filled with allyl isothiocyanate-free rye agar medium as a control. Bacterial plaques with the diameter of 8mm are taken from the edges of the cultured late blight bacteria, the late blight bacteria are inoculated to the central positions of the prepared culture dishes, and 5 culture dishes are inoculated in each treatment. All dishes were incubated at 25. + -. 1 ℃. When the bacteria in the control dish had grown over the entire dish, the growth of late blight bacteria in all dishes was measured, and then the percentage of linear growth in the average diameter of the bacteria and reduction in hyphal growth in the allyl isothiocyanate treatment at each concentration compared to the control was calculated. The test was repeated three times and the results are shown in table 1. Under the test conditions, the result shows that the allyl isothiocyanate with the concentration of 0.25g/L or more has better control effect on the potato late blight bacteria.
TABLE 1 Effect of AITC in the control of late blight bacteria in growth Medium
| Allyl isothiocyanate concentration ml/L | Average diameter of linear growth (mm) | Percentage reduction of hyphal growth |
| 0.00 | 100 | 0％ |
| 0.125 | 23 | 77％ |
| 0.25 | 0 | 100％ |
| 0.50 | 0 | 100％ |
| 1.00 | 0 | 100％ |
| 2.00 | 0 | 100％ |
After the inhibitory effect of allyl isothiocyanate on late blight bacteria was determined, the next in vitro study was conducted to determine the duration of action and to determine whether it acted via volatile or liquid phase.
Spores of late blight were spread on 20 petri dishes containing rye agar. A2.5 cm diameter agar disc was removed from the center of the dish and placed in the air on 10cm diameter sterile filter paper treated with 0, 1, 2 and 5. mu.L of allyl isothiocyanate containing 2% BHT for 0, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature in the absence of light before placing the filter paper over the hollow center of the dish. All dishes were kept at 25. + -. 1 ℃ for 7 days. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2. In the treated dishes, hyphae only grew on the very edge of the dish. From this experiment, it was confirmed that the action of allyl isothiocyanate proceeds by volatilization, and the time for which the volatilization lasts is short. In order to slow volatilization to prolong the lasting period of allyl isothiocyanate, the inventor conducts a series of experiments on different carriers and polymers to provide possibility for the controlled release of allyl isothiocyanate.
TABLE 2 Effect of gas phase AITC on the inhibition of late blight bacteria
| Allyl isothiocyanate concentration ml/L | Average diameter of linear growth (mm) | Percentage reduction of hyphal growth |
| 0.0 | 100 | 0％ |
| 1.0 | 5 | 95％ |
| 2.0 | 0 | 100％ |
| 5.0 | 0 | 100％ |
Example 2 controlled Release Capsule and method of preparation
This example tests a number of polymer capsules in order to identify polymers that may be suitable as a controlled release particle matrix or carrier coating. The capsules consist of a polymeric tube containing a suitable amount of fumigant mixture, sealed and cut in suitable lengths. The polymers tested included high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate and mixtures of these, as well as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyurethane and polyether/amide block copolymer (PEBAX). A tube having an inner diameter of 4mm, a wall thickness of 0.5mm and a length of 100mm was filled with 1mL of AITC, and sealed with a hot iron. The sealed capsules were stored at room temperature (21-25 ℃) and weighed on an analytical balance every other week for three months or until the contents of the capsule were completely released. The results are shown in Table 3.
The target field duration of the granule formulation in soil at 20 ℃ is about 7 days. Experimental results show that EVA, TPU and PEBAX are potential materials, but LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE and blends containing these polymers volatilize too slowly to function.
Table 3 rate of allyl isothiocyanate release from the capped polymer capsules
The release rate profile of allyl isothiocyanate from the blocked polymer capsule is shown in figure 1.
Example 3 sustained-release granules and preparation method thereof
The first consideration is the ability of the polymer to accommodate allyl isothiocyanate. Tests have confirmed that a granular matrix consisting entirely of EVA, TPU and PEBAX can accommodate allyl isothiocyanate levels. 100 pellets of EVA, TPU and PEBAX were weighed to the nearest 0.1mg, soaked overnight in allyl isothiocyanate and then rolled on paper to remove surface residues. And then reweighed to determine the amount of AITC absorbed.
The results show that the adsorption capacity of the polymer to AITC is limited. Subsequently, two mineral-derived carriers (vermiculite and montmorillonite clay particles, each having a particle size of 2-3mm) and two plant-derived carriers (wood flour and bamboo, each having a particle size of 2-3mm) were tested for their ability to absorb AITC. These vectors were found to absorb higher concentrations of AITC. The test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 AITC adsorption Capacity of Polymer, mineral-derived Carrier and plant-derived Carrier
| Carrier | Capacity, mg/g |
| EVA | 12 |
| TPU | 21 |
| PEBAX 2533 | 15 |
| Vermiculite | 520 |
| Montmorillonite clay | 440 |
| White wood powder | 580 |
| Bamboo powder | 330 |
As can be seen from table 4, the adsorption capacity of the polymer is limited, but the adsorption capacity of the mineral-derived and plant-derived carriers is large.
2g each of vermiculite and wood flour particles were dispersed in a weighing pan made of aluminum, left at room temperature in a fume hood for 12 days, and the release rate was measured by weighing with an accuracy of 0.1 mg. Therefore, they are very convenient in case of a need for rapid release of AITC, but further refinement of slow release of AITC is required. The test results are shown in table 5. The results show that the AITC is released from the carrier particles at a high rate.
TABLE 5 AITC Release rates for uncoated mineral-and plant-derived Carriers
The AITC release rate measurement curves of the uncoated mineral-derived carrier and the plant-derived carrier are shown in FIG. 2.
To slow the release rate of the particles, the carrier particles in table 5 were coated with polysulfone resin (PSF), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Cellulose Acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CB). The coating material is formed from a polymer solution by a phase inversion technique.
The preparation process of the polymer coating mainly comprises four steps:
1. the carrier having the AITC adsorbed thereon was stirred and rotated by a 50% rotary stirrer to saturate the adsorption amount, and the carrier was dried, and when further AITC was added, a wet product was produced.
2. The coated polymers polysulfone resin (PSF), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Cellulose Acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CB) were added to an additional 50% mixture of allyl isothiocyanate and solvent (acetone) and then stirred for 5min during which additional AITC was absorbed into the particles and the polymer covered the surface. 400g of polymer mixture were coated per 1kg of vermiculite support.
3. And (3) adding 1-2% of water into the mixture obtained in the step (2), and spraying the mixture on the surface of the carrier particles adsorbed with allyl isothiocyanate in the step (1) to form a controlled release coating to prevent the particles from being adhered.
4. Stirring in air at 20-25 deg.C to dry the granules and remove solvent to obtain sustained-release granule. The addition ratio and the amount of the solvent for each composition are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 ratio of AITC, different polymers and solvents
| Test specimen | Active ingredient | Polymer and method of making same | Solvent(s) |
| AITC％ | Polysulfone resin% | Acetone% | |
| Control 1 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Control 2 | 50 | 0 | 50 |
| Control 3 | 30 | 0 | 70 |
| 1 | 50 | 10 | 40 |
| 2 | 50 | 15 | 35 |
| 3 | 50 | 20 | 30 |
| AITC％ | Polyacrylonitrile% | Acetone% | |
| 4 | 50 | 10 | 40 |
| 5 | 50 | 15 | 35 |
| 6 | 50 | 20 | 30 |
| AITC％ | Cellulose acetate% | Acetone% | |
| 7 | 50 | 10 | 40 |
| 8 | 50 | 15 | 35 |
| 9 | 50 | 20 | 30 |
| AITC％ | Cellulose acetate% | Acetone% | |
| 10 | 50 | 10 | 40 |
| 11 | 50 | 15 | 35 |
| 12 | 50 | 20 | 30 |
In addition, a coating process that can use wax as a coating agent is as follows:
1. the carrier having the AITC adsorbed thereon was stirred and rotated by a 50% rotary stirrer to saturate the adsorption amount, and the carrier was dried, and when further AITC was added, a wet product was produced.
2. Melting wax, gradually adding into the soaked granules, stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sustained-release granule.
The wax and the addition ratio of each composition are shown in Table 7, for example.
TABLE 7 ratio of AITC in vermiculite carrier and different waxes
2g of each sample prepared in Table 6 was weighed at room temperature (20-22 ℃ C.), placed in a fume hood for 3 weeks, dispersed in a small aluminum weighing pan and weighed 3 times per week with a precision of 0.1mg, and the release rate of the coated particles was measured, and the test results are shown in Table 8.
Effect of in vitro coated and in vitro uncoated granules:
inoculating late blight bacteria spore suspended on sterile physiological saline surface on culture dish containing rye agar by coating
The method comprises the following steps: one each (1.5-2.0mg) of uncoated vermiculite (table 5) or polysulfone resin coated vermiculite (table 6, sample 2) and untreated vermiculite (control) were placed in the center of the dish using sterile forceps and incubated at room temperature for 7 days (20-22 ℃). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The dishes were examined to determine the diameter of the center of the dish that inhibits fungal growth. Control 1 was untreated vermiculite and control 2 was uncoated vermiculite particles. A liquid formulation consisting of 1.0% AITC at a span of 0.1% per increase, for a total of 20 emulsifiers was control 3.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: the same treatment as in method 1 was set up, except that each particle required 3 days of aging in a fume hood at room temperature before being placed in a petri dish, so that its effect could be measured 3 days after the AITC was released.
The method 3 comprises the following steps: the same treatment as in method 1 was set up except that each pellet required aging in a fume hood at room temperature for 7 days before being placed in a petri dish. This enabled the effect of the AITC to be measured 7 days after its release.
The results of methods 1, 2 and 3 are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 AITC in the vermiculite carrier with coating, growth of the coated particles of late blight bacteria after 0, 1, 3, 7 days.
The growth rate of late blight bacteria in the culture dish was determined. Control 2 was uncoated vermiculite particles, containing AITC, relative to control 1. The AITC formulation of control 3, which was added with more solvent, had a poorer effect of inhibiting late blight than control 2, which was added with relatively less solvent. Uncoated particle formulations were effective, but the particles without the coating lasted long. Thicker polymer coatings, in 7 day exposure experiments, had longer field lifetimes and superior efficacy. Therefore, the slow-release granules can better control the late blight bacteria.
EXAMPLE 4 wettable powder and method for producing the same
In some cases, AITC formulations of wettable powders may be convenient. Three formulations are provided in this example and are shown in table 9. Mixing carrier powder (wood powder, bamboo powder, montmorillonite) with xanthan powder and sodium dodecyl sulfate. BHT and AITC were mixed and dissolved together, then gradually added to the powder, and mixed until the powder formulation was completely dry and homogeneous.
TABLE 9 wettable powder formulation of AITC (%, mass fraction)
| Composition (I) | A％ | B％ | C％ |
| AITC | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Butylated hydroxytoluene | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Wood flour | 66.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Bamboo powder | 0 | 66.7 | 0 |
| Montmorillonite clay | 0 | 0 | 66.7 |
| Xanthan gum | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Sodium dodecyl sulfate | 2 | 2 | 2 |
The effectiveness of different formulations was investigated under simulated field conditions:the control effect of three formulas with different application rates on the potato blight is tested.
The test subjects were wettable powder (table 9, formulation B), uncoated and polymer coated vermiculite particles (table 6, control 3 and table 6, formulation 6) and wax coated vermiculite particles (table 7, formulation 24).
The diameter of the flowerpot is 25cm, and the flowerpot can contain about 1.8L of high-quality sandy loam. The potato late blight spores harvested on the surface of 20 pieces of rye agar were suspended in 200mL of water, and the spore suspension was inoculated into each pot.
Each of the treated and positive control groups was inoculated with 2mL of concentrated spore suspension. Only 2mL of water was added to each negative control group. After inoculation, each pot of soil was watered with 500mL of water to mix and disperse the inoculum. Each pot was treated 5 days after soil inoculation. After another 7 days, 3 small potatoes were planted in each pot and the pots were placed in a greenhouse at 20-25 ℃. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The potato tubers were examined after 6 weeks for signs of late blight infection.
The application rates and results of the simulated field trials are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 field simulation test of AITC granules and wettable powder for controlling potato late blight
All treatment groups, including the wettable powder formulation, were significantly superior to the untreated group. This indicates that the formulation is effective. The faster the AITC release rate, the better the control effect on late blight bacteria.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The application of allyl isothiocyanate in preventing and treating potato late blight bacteria (Phytophthora infestans) and plant diseases caused by the potato late blight bacteria;
wherein the plant disease comprises potato late blight.
2. A controlled release capsule is characterized in that the controlled release capsule contains an active ingredient allyl isothiocyanate, and the material of the capsule is at least one selected from ethylene vinyl acetate, thermoplastic polyurethane and polyether amide block copolymer.
3. The controlled-release capsule according to claim 2, wherein the controlled-release capsule has an inner diameter of 2 to 6mm, a wall thickness of 0.2 to 1.0mm, and a length of 35 to 120 mm; and/or
The capsule is filled with 0.3-2.0mL of allyl isothiocyanate.
4. The sustained-release granules are characterized in that the active ingredient of the sustained-release granules is allyl isothiocyanate, a core material of the sustained-release granules is a mineral source or plant source carrier adsorbing the allyl isothiocyanate, and the surface of the core material is coated with a polymer coating; optionally, the sustained-release granules contain a wetting agent, a thickening agent, a stabilizing agent and/or an antioxidant;
the mineral source or plant source carrier is selected from at least one of vermiculite, kaolin, bentonite, activated clay, sepiolite, white carbon black, diatomite, light calcium carbonate, talcum powder, plaster, chalk soil, pottery clay, montmorillonite, clay, high-purity soil, wood flour, bamboo flour and corn cob, and preferably vermiculite or wood flour; and/or
The raw material of the polymer coating is selected from at least one of paraffin, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, palm wax, polysulfone resin, cellulose acetate, butyl acetate cellulose and polyvinyl acetate.
5. The sustained-release granule according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of allyl isothiocyanate, carrier and polymer coating in the sustained-release granule is 1-50: 50-90: 5-10.
6. The method for preparing the sustained-release granules according to claim 4 or 5, which comprises:
scheme I:
1) mixing allyl isothiocyanate with carrier particles of mineral sources or plant sources to saturate the adsorption capacity of the carrier particles;
2) mixing the rest allyl isothiocyanate with an organic solvent, adding polysulfone resin, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, butyl acetate cellulose and/or polyvinyl acetate, and uniformly mixing; wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from acetone, ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane and isopropanol;
3) spraying the mixture obtained in the step 2) on the surface of the carrier particles adsorbed with allyl isothiocyanate in the step 1), and drying to obtain the allyl isothiocyanate-containing carrier particles; or,
scheme II:
mixing allyl isothiocyanate with carrier particles of mineral sources or plant sources to saturate the adsorption capacity of the carrier particles; and then, adding the carrier particles adsorbed with allyl isothiocyanate into molten paraffin, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax or palm wax, stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the allyl isothiocyanate-containing carrier particle.
7. The wettable powder is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2-45 parts of active ingredient allyl isothiocyanate, 50-95 parts of mineral source or plant source carrier, 0.25-2.0 parts of thickening agent, 1-5 parts of anionic surfactant and 0.25-2.0 parts of antioxidant;
wherein the mineral source or plant source carrier is at least one selected from vermiculite, kaolin, bentonite, activated clay, sepiolite, white carbon black, diatomite, light calcium carbonate, talcum powder, plaster, chalk soil, pottery clay, montmorillonite, clay, high purity soil, wood flour, bamboo powder and corn cob, preferably montmorillonite, wood flour or bamboo powder; and/or the thickener is selected from at least one of xanthan gum, methylcellulose, alginate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, carrageenan, preferably xanthan gum; and/or
The anionic surfactant is at least one selected from sodium dodecyl sulfate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan-20-monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan-20-oleic acid and lauric acid, preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate; and/or
The antioxidant is at least one selected from butylated hydroxytoluene, Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and vitamin E, and preferably butylated hydroxytoluene.
8. A process for producing a wettable powder as claimed in claim 7, which comprises mixing allyl isothiocyanate with an antioxidant, adding the mixture to the mixture of the carrier, the thickener and the anionic surfactant, and stirring the mixture to obtain the wettable powder.
9. Use of the controlled-release capsule of claim 2 or 3, or the controlled-release granule of claim 4 or 5, or the wettable powder of claim 7 or 8 for controlling potato late blight and plant diseases caused thereby;
wherein the plant disease comprises potato late blight.
10. A method for controlling potato late blight and plant diseases caused by the same, which comprises applying allyl isothiocyanate, or the controlled-release capsule of claim 2 or 3, or the controlled-release granule of claim 4 or 5, or the wettable powder of claim 7 or 8 to soil where plants are planted;
wherein the plant disease comprises potato late blight.
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