CN110277766B - Three-phase linkage circuit breaker magnetizing inrush current suppression method based on switching-on and switching-off control - Google Patents
Three-phase linkage circuit breaker magnetizing inrush current suppression method based on switching-on and switching-off control Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
- H02H9/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off limiting inrush current on switching on of inductive loads subjected to remanence, e.g. transformers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for suppressing magnetizing inrush current of a three-phase linkage breaker based on switching-on and switching-off control, which comprises the steps of selecting a reference phase in a three-phase transformer, determining an optimal switching-off phase according to a target residual magnetism mode, selecting the optimal switching-off phase for simultaneous switching-off, collecting a winding voltage signal when the optimal switching-off phase is switched off, calculating iron core residual magnetism, and determining the optimal switching-on time of the three-phase linkage breaker. According to the invention, the set residual magnetism mode is obtained by controlling the opening, the three-phase residual magnetism is obtained by collecting the three-phase voltage during opening and integrating calculation, and the optimal closing time is calculated according to the residual magnetism, so that the cost required by inhibiting the magnetizing inrush current can be reduced on one hand, and the effect of inhibiting the magnetizing inrush current can be effectively realized on the other hand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetizing inrush current of transformers, and particularly relates to a method for suppressing magnetizing inrush current of a three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on switching-on and switching-off control.
Background
The power transformer is an important electrical device in a power system, and a large amount of excitation inrush current can be generated instantly when a no-load transformer is closed. The magnetizing inrush current is asymmetric impact current generated by magnetic flux saturation of a transformer core, and the maximum magnetizing inrush current can reach 6-8 times of rated current of the transformer. The presence of a magnetizing inrush current can have many undesirable effects such as: cause differential protection malfunction; large currents in the windings can reduce transformer life; the magnetizing inrush current can also generate a large amount of harmonic waves, which affect the quality of electric energy and the like.
The selection correlation technique for controlling the circuit breaker is the most effective method for economically reducing the magnetizing inrush current at present. The principle of the selected correlation is that the switching-on is carried out when the transient magnetic flux in the winding is equal to the pre-induction magnetic flux at the moment of switching-on of the transformer, and the iron core magnetic flux of the transformer cannot be saturated, so that the excitation inrush current cannot be generated. At present, three typical switching strategies exist for a no-load transformer with a grounded neutral point: the two previous closing strategies require independent operating mechanisms for each phase of the used circuit breaker, and the simultaneous closing strategy can be applied to a three-phase linkage circuit breaker but has specific requirements on a remanence mode (the remanence of one phase is zero, and the remanence levels of the other two phases are higher and opposite in polarity).
At present, China also has a considerable part of traditional circuit breakers which can not be operated independently in three phases, and the circuit breakers of the part can only be closed at the same time. At present, no effective method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current generated by the closing of a no-load transformer based on a three-phase linkage breaker in a power grid in China exists, and the magnetizing inrush current generated by the no-load closing can cause the misoperation of differential protection. The common measures for limiting the magnetizing inrush current of the no-load transformer mainly comprise a closing resistance method, a parallel capacitor and changing the distribution of transformer windings. Practice proves that the magnetizing inrush current suppression measures have the following defects: on one hand, these solutions require the addition of external equipment, increasing costs; on the other hand, these methods merely reduce the magnitude of the magnetizing inrush current and do not fundamentally eliminate the magnetizing inrush current.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of a three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on switching-on and switching-off control.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a three-phase linkage circuit breaker magnetizing inrush current suppression method based on switching-on and switching-off control comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting one phase of the three-phase transformer as a reference phase, and determining the zero crossing point time of the reference phase positive-phase voltage as an initial time;
s2, performing simultaneous switching-off in a power frequency period of the reference phase according to set interval time, and collecting three-phase winding voltage when the transformer is switched off;
s3, calculating residual magnetism in the three-phase iron core of the transformer according to the three-phase opening voltage signals of the transformer collected in the step S2; determining an optimal opening phase according to the target remanence mode;
s4, opening the brake at the optimal brake opening phase position determined in the step S3, collecting a winding voltage signal when the brake is opened by the three-phase linkage breaker at the optimal brake opening phase position, and calculating the residual magnetism of the iron core by adopting an integral mode;
and S5, determining the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage breaker according to the iron core residual magnetism obtained in the step S4.
Further, in step S2, a switching-off interval time is set within one power frequency cycle of the reference voltage of the three-phase transformer, and switching-off is performed sequentially according to the switching-off interval time by using the three-phase linkage circuit breaker.
Further, in step S2, the residual magnetism of each phase in the three-phase transformer when the three-phase linkage breaker is used for opening according to the opening interval time is calculated, and then the optimal opening phase of the three-phase linkage breaker is selected according to the set target residual magnetism mode.
Further, the calculation formula of the residual magnetism in the three-phase iron core of the transformer is expressed as
Wherein phirRepresenting residual magnetism, N, in a three-phase iron core1Representing the number of turns of the primary winding, topenThe opening time of the three-phase linkage breaker is shown, and u (t) shows each phase voltage.
Further, in step S3, data fitting is performed on the collected three-phase opening voltage signal of the transformer, and then trapezoidal integration is used to integrate the voltage signal, so as to obtain a target residual magnetism mode.
Further, the target remanence mode is embodied as
Wherein phiAr，ΦBr，ΦCrRespectively three-phase remanence。
Further, in step S5, the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is specifically a closing time when the absolute value of the residual magnetism and the pre-induced magnetic flux difference between the residual magnetism and the pre-induced magnetic flux difference is the minimum in each phase of the selected transformer.
Further, the calculation model of the absolute value of the difference between the residual magnetism in each phase iron core of the transformer and the three-phase pre-induction magnetic flux is specifically
Wherein phiAp(t)，ΦBp(t)，ΦCp(t) three-phase pre-induced magnetic fluxes, respectively.
Further, the calculation formula of the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is specifically
Wherein, toptRepresents the optimal closing time phi of the three-phase linkage breakermRepresenting the core flux peak in steady state operation of the transformer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the reference phase in the three-phase transformer is selected, simultaneous opening is carried out according to the set interval time, the three-phase winding voltage during opening of the transformer is collected, the residual magnetism in a three-phase iron core of the transformer is calculated, the optimal opening phase is determined according to the target residual magnetism mode, the winding voltage signal during opening at the optimal opening phase is collected, the residual magnetism of the iron core is calculated, and the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage breaker is determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for suppressing magnetizing inrush current of a three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on opening and closing control, disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on switching-on and switching-off control according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetizing inrush current generation in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the selective correlation technique of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the opening remanence condition in one power frequency cycle in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the deviation of magnetic flux and remanence in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic simulation model of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic magnetic flux of the random closing in the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the magnetizing inrush current generated by the random closing of the no-load transformer in the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic flux of the transformer core after opening the brake of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic flux of the transformer core after closing of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the excitation current after closing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method is a schematic flow diagram and a schematic principle diagram of a method for suppressing magnetizing inrush current of a three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on switching-on and switching-off control according to the present invention; a three-phase linkage circuit breaker magnetizing inrush current suppression method based on switching-on and switching-off control comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting one phase of the three-phase transformer as a reference phase, and determining the zero crossing point time of the reference phase positive-phase voltage as an initial time;
s2, performing simultaneous switching-off in a power frequency period of the reference phase according to set interval time, and collecting three-phase winding voltage when the transformer is switched off;
s3, calculating residual magnetism in the three-phase iron core of the transformer according to the three-phase opening voltage signals of the transformer collected in the step S2; determining an optimal opening phase according to the target remanence mode;
s4, opening the brake at the optimal brake opening phase position determined in the step S3, collecting a winding voltage signal when the brake is opened by the three-phase linkage breaker at the optimal brake opening phase position, and calculating the residual magnetism of the iron core by adopting an integral mode;
and S5, determining the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage breaker according to the iron core residual magnetism obtained in the step S4.
As shown in fig. 3, the magnetizing inrush current in the present invention is that when the no-load transformer operates at the rated voltage, the core flux does not enter saturation, and the magnetizing current is small and is only 0.35% to 10% of the rated current. However, due to the non-linearity and the existence of remanence of ferromagnetic materials of the transformer, when the transformer is switched on under light load or no load, the magnetic flux of the iron core enters a deep saturation region to generate excitation inrush current with large amplitude; as shown in fig. 2, when the magnetic flux enters the saturation region, the excitation current increases exponentially, and can reach 6-8 times of the rated current at most.
As shown in fig. 4, when the circuit breaker is closed, it depends on the magnitude and polarity of the residual magnetism in the transformer core. The breaker is closed at a proper phase, the residual magnetism of the transformer core is equal to the pre-induction magnetic flux at the closing moment, and the transformer directly enters into the steady state operation at the moment, so that the magnetizing inrush current is eliminated.
The invention takes a three-phase three-column transformer as an example, the primary side of the three-phase transformer is grounded, any residual magnetism exists in three iron cores of the three-phase transformer, and residual magnetism information in the iron cores of the three-phase transformer, namely phiAr，ΦBr，ΦCrWherein phiAr|≥|ΦCr|，|ΦBr|≥|ΦCr|，ΦAr＞0。
Setting three-phase magnetic flux in three-phase circuit as
Wherein phiAp(t)，ΦBp(t)，ΦCp(t) represents three-phase magnetic fluxes of A, B and C, respectively,. phimRepresenting the peak value u of the magnetic flux of the steady-state core of the transformerAGIs the a-phase voltage.
In step S1, residual magnetism remains in the three-phase transformer after opening due to hysteresis effect of the transformer core. The existence of residual magnetism can seriously affect the magnetizing inrush current when closing. Therefore, the control remanence is within an ideal range during opening and the effect of inhibiting the magnetizing inrush current is better during closing.
According to the invention, one phase in the three-phase transformer is selected as a reference phase, the switching-off interval time is set according to the power frequency cycle of the three-phase transformer, and the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is used for switching off according to the switching-off interval time in sequence.
The three phases of the traditional circuit breaker only have one operating mechanism, so the three phases can not be selected and switched on and off. The power frequency of the national power grid is 50Hz, and the period is 20 ms. The phase A is taken as a reference phase, and the zero crossing point of the phase A voltage is taken as an initial moment. And opening the three-phase transformer once every 1ms in a power frequency period. As shown in fig. 5.
In step S2, the present invention calculates the residual magnetism of each phase in the three-phase transformer when the three-phase linkage breaker is used to open the switch according to the switch-off interval time.
Let the on-off time of the three-phase linkage breaker be topenWhen the no-load transformer is cut off, the current is also cut off at the same time, and the calculation formula of residual magnetism remained in each phase core of the three-phase transformer is expressed as
Wherein phirRepresenting remanence in three-phase transformers, N1Representing the number of turns of the primary winding, toptThe opening time of the three-phase linkage breaker is shown, and u (t) shows each phase voltage.
Because the magnitude of the residual magnetism is closely related to the opening phase, but because the cutoff exists when the transformer opens, the residual magnetism can only be about the upper formula calculated value, therefore, the invention selects the optimal opening phase of the three-phase linkage breaker according to the residual magnetism condition of each phase in the three-phase transformer, specifically selects the opening time with one phase of residual magnetism being zero and the other two phases of residual magnetism being larger as the optimal opening phase of the three-phase linkage breaker.
Analysis of fig. 5 reveals that at the moment of 7.5ms, the C-phase flux is open, near zero flux, and the two remaining phases have a remanence close to 0.7 pu. But the time dispersion of the breaker when the breaker is opened and the current interception when the breaker is opened are the problems. Therefore, the remanence of the C phase is not completely equal to zero, but the mode that the C phase is near the zero remanence and the other two phases are larger can be obtained by opening the switch near the zero remanence.
In step S3, according to the optimal opening phase of the three-phase linkage breaker obtained in step S2, winding voltage signals are collected at the optimal opening phase when the three-phase linkage breaker is used for opening, matlab software is used for performing data fitting processing on the collected winding voltage signals, and then trapezoidal integration is used for integrating the voltage signals, so that a target remanence mode is obtained.
The target remanence mode is specifically
Wherein phiAr，ΦBr，ΦCrThree-phase remanence.
In step S4, at any time, the remanence of each phase cannot be simultaneously equal to the pre-induced magnetic flux. Therefore, the three-phase gang breaker cannot completely eliminate the magnetizing inrush current. However, as can be seen from the relationship between the magnetic flux and the current, the magnitude of the magnetizing inrush current depends on the deviation of the residual magnetism from the pre-induced magnetism.
According to the target residual magnetism mode determined in the step S3, calculating the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage breaker; the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is specifically selected when the deviation between residual magnetism in each phase iron core of the transformer and three-phase pre-induction magnetic flux is minimum.
The specific calculation model for selecting the absolute value of the difference value between the residual magnetism in each phase of iron core of the transformer and the three-phase pre-induction magnetic flux is
Wherein phiAp(t)，ΦBp(t)，ΦCp(t) three-phase pre-induced magnetic fluxes, respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention can obtain a suitable time by the above formula. At this time, the absolute value of the difference between the remanence of the C phase and the pre-induction flux in the three-phase transformer core is zero, and the remanence of the AB phase and the pre-induction flux are equal in deviation.
Namely, it is
|ΔΦA|＝|ΔΦB|
At toptWhen the switch is closed, the C-phase pre-induction magnetic flux is equal to remanence phiCr：
According to toptSubstituted into absolute value equation to obtain two sides
The result of adding the above equation is zero, i.e. it is proved at toptWhen the switch is switched on, the remanence of the two phases AB is equal to the absolute value of the pre-induction magnetic flux difference.
The calculation formula of the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is specifically
Wherein, toptRepresents the optimal closing time phi of the three-phase linkage breakermRepresenting the core flux peak in steady state operation of the transformer.
As shown in FIG. 7, a three-phase linkage strategy is used at toptDynamic magnetic flux in the transformer core at the moment of closing: the solid line is the transformer core dynamic flux and the dashed line is the pre-induced flux. Deviation | Delta phi between AB two-phase remanence and pre-induction magnetic flux in three-phase transformer coreA|，|ΔΦBAnd l is equal and relatively small, and the magnetic flux of the iron core is not saturated in the switching-on process, so that the magnetizing inrush current is inhibited.
The invention adopts a three-phase three-column transformer with the capacity of 30kva, the original secondary side voltage is 0.4/10kV, the Y/delta connection mode is adopted, the neutral point is grounded, the no-load loss is 0.13kW, and the no-load current is 2.3%. Injecting direct current into the winding during simulation to simulate the distribution condition of the residual magnetism of the iron core before closing; simulation a dynamic simulation model was built using ATP-EMTP software, as shown in fig. 8.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, when the transformer has residual magnetism, the core flux is randomly switched on and the excitation inrush current is generated, the maximum peak value of the inrush current reaches 256A, which is far more than the rated current 43A of the transformer and is 6.5 times of the rated current.
From the above analysis, it can be known that the invention can obtain a relatively ideal remanence mode by controlling the opening. As shown in fig. 11.
After the no-load three-phase transformer is opened, the residual magnetism in the three-phase iron core is as follows: phiAr＝0.7p.u.，ΦBr＝-0.51p.u.，ΦCr＝-0.18p.u.。
According to the remanence of three phases of the transformer, the optimal closing time is calculated to be 0.1089s, at the moment, the remanence of the C phase is equal to the pre-induction magnetic flux, and the difference value between the remanence of the A B two phases and the pre-induction magnetic flux is minimum. Fig. 12 is the dynamic flux in the unloaded transformer core after closing. By the three-phase linkage technology, the magnetizing inrush current is well restrained. As can be seen from fig. 13, the C phase generates almost no magnetizing inrush current, the magnetic flux enters the steady state directly, and the inrush current generated by the a phase and the B phase is also reduced significantly.
The invention can effectively inhibit the magnetizing inrush current of the traditional circuit breaker, and in the areas where the phase-controlled circuit breaker is not popularized at present, the scheme can reduce the cost and can inhibit the magnetizing inrush current.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A three-phase linkage circuit breaker magnetizing inrush current suppression method based on switching-on and switching-off control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting one phase of the three-phase transformer as a reference phase, and determining the zero crossing point time of the reference phase positive-phase voltage as an initial time;
s2, performing simultaneous switching-off in a power frequency period of the reference phase according to set interval time, and collecting three-phase winding voltage when the transformer is switched off;
s3, calculating residual magnetism in the three-phase iron core of the transformer according to the three-phase opening voltage signals of the transformer collected in the step S2; determining an optimal opening phase according to the target remanence mode; carrying out data fitting processing on the collected three-phase opening voltage signals of the transformer, and integrating the voltage signals by utilizing trapezoidal integration to obtain residual magnetism;
the target remanence mode is specifically
Wherein phiAr，ΦBr，ΦCrAre respectively three phases leftMagnetism;
s4, opening the brake at the optimal brake opening phase position determined in the step S3, collecting a winding voltage signal when the brake is opened by the three-phase linkage breaker at the optimal brake opening phase position, and calculating the residual magnetism of the iron core by adopting an integral mode; the calculation formula of the residual magnetism in the three-phase iron core of the transformer is expressed as
Wherein phirRepresenting residual magnetism, N, in the three-phase core of the transformer1Representing the number of turns of the primary winding, topenThe opening time of the three-phase linkage breaker is shown, and u (t) shows each phase voltage;
s5, determining the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage breaker according to the iron core residual magnetism obtained in the step S4; the optimal closing time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is specifically the closing time when the deviation between the residual magnetism in each phase iron core of the transformer and the pre-induction magnetic flux of each phase iron core is minimum.
2. The method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of the three-phase linked circuit breaker based on the switching-on/off control as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the switching-off interval is set within one power frequency cycle of the reference voltage of the three-phase transformer, and the three-phase linked circuit breaker is used to perform switching-off in sequence according to the switching-off interval.
3. The method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of the three-phase linkage breaker based on the switching-on/off control according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the residual magnetism of each phase in the three-phase transformer is calculated when the three-phase linkage breaker is used for switching-off according to the switching-off interval time, and then the optimal switching-off phase of the three-phase linkage breaker is selected according to the set target residual magnetism pattern.
4. The method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on the opening and closing control as claimed in claim 3, wherein the selected calculation model with the minimum deviation between the residual magnetism in each phase iron core of the transformer and the pre-induced magnetic flux of the three phases is specifically the calculation model with the minimum deviation between the residual magnetism and the pre-induced magnetic flux of the three phases
Wherein phiAp(t)，ΦBp(t)，ΦCp(t) three-phase pre-induced magnetic fluxes, respectively.
5. The method for suppressing the magnetizing inrush current of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker based on the switching-on and switching-off control as claimed in claim 4, wherein the calculation formula of the optimal switching-on time of the three-phase linkage circuit breaker is specifically defined as
Wherein, toptRepresents the optimal closing time phi of the three-phase linkage breakermRepresenting the core flux peak in steady state operation of the transformer.
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| CN113178851B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-09-27 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司天生桥局 | Method for solving overlarge excitation surge current of flexible direct-current connection transformer |
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