CN110275440B - Multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction and control method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction and a control method thereof. The intelligent controller comprises a controller module, and a power module, an Ethernet module, a voltage detection module, a state display module, a fault alarm module, a CAN bus/RS 485 module and an execution module which are connected with the controller module. The invention optimizes the multi-energy ship energy, reduces the energy consumption of the multi-energy ship under the condition of meeting various working condition requirements of the ship, further reduces the cost and reduces the pollution problem of the ship to the environment as much as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to ship energy management control, and particularly relates to a multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction and a control method thereof.
Background
The management of the existing ship on energy is only limited to start and stop of equipment, but the service life of the equipment can be influenced by starting and stopping the equipment, and the impact on a ship power grid can be caused to influence the power quality. Most importantly, frequent start and stop can also cause energy waste, increase operation cost and pollute the environment.
The multi-energy ship mainly adopts multi-energy, and the economical efficiency and the environmental protection are mainly embodied in the energy part. Mainly contain diesel generator, photovoltaic board, lithium cell to and super capacitor, through the difference to different work condition and time difference nature and contingency between the four kinds of energy, the controller passes through the operation load prediction algorithm, and the cooperation work between the various energies of rational arrangement is managed through energy management controller, reaches environmental protection economic purpose.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction and a control method thereof, which can optimize multi-energy ship energy, reduce the energy consumption of a multi-energy ship under the condition of meeting various working condition requirements of the ship, further reduce the cost and reduce the pollution problem of the ship to the environment as much as possible.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction, which comprises a controller module, an execution module, an Ethernet module and a CAN bus/RS 485 module, wherein the controller module is used for controlling the execution module to execute the load prediction; the controller module receives the data information of the Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module, analyzes and processes the data, controls the execution module through a DO channel by combining a load prediction algorithm, and performs related operation on the switch devices such as the diesel generator, the lithium battery and the super capacitor according to an instruction sent by the controller.
The Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module are used as field communication modes, and the controller module is used for receiving communication transmission information to enhance the contact between a diesel generator of a ship and load requirements, so that the comprehensive management of equipment is facilitated; the Ethernet module timely acquires the on-off state of the load and the energy through the on-off state acquisition box, and transmits an instruction to the controller to give an alarm in time when the on-off instruction sent by the controller conflicts with the acquired on-off state, so that the fault threat of the ship is reduced; the controller module processes the data processing process of data transmission of the Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module, and transmits a control instruction to control the on-off of each load and energy supply through a load prediction algorithm, so that the power demand of the ship is related to the power generation power, and the comprehensiveness and the intellectualization of equipment management are further enhanced. The device also comprises a voltage detection module, a state display module, a power supply module and a fault alarm module which are connected with the controller module; the state display module displays various actions executed by the controller in real time, the voltage monitoring module detects the working voltage of the controller module in real time, and when the working voltage is lower than a normal working voltage range, the controller module controls the fault alarm module to periodically send out a low-voltage alarm indication; and the power supply module supplies power to the whole management controller.
Further, the load prediction of the controller module comprises the following processes:
the method comprises the following steps: performing equivalent transformation on the time variable x, and establishing a Chebyshev polynomial model;
step two: discretizing the Chebyshev polynomial model, determining a weighting coefficient of the Chebyshev polynomial, and acquiring an optimal prediction model and an optimal prediction coefficient;
step three: setting a prediction vector and a Chebyshev polynomial structure matrix according to the obtained optimal prediction model and optimal prediction coefficient to obtain a simplified and discrete prediction model;
step four: the discrete prediction model is an overdetermined linear system equation, and a load prediction value at any specified time can be obtained according to the obtained optimal coefficient item A;
step five: comparing an actual load value and a predicted load value of a period of time before the current moment to obtain a relative error coefficient at any moment;
step six: fitting the relative error coefficient to obtain a functional relation between the error coefficient and any moment;
step seven: and adding an error improvement coefficient to the prediction model to obtain a more accurate load prediction value at any moment.
The invention also discloses a control method of the multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction, which comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a power supply module and driving other modules to start working;
(2) the controller module receives power parameters from external equipment and corresponding parameters of the diesel generator collected by the collector through the CAN bus/RS 485 module, then evaluates the power generation power and the working state of the diesel generator, and collects the information of the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery and the super capacitor through the CAN bus/RS 485 module; parameters of the diesel generator include a lubrication system, a cooling system and a rotation speed;
(3) the controller module acquires the first-level load, the second-level load, the third-level load demand power and ship driving control information of the load collector through the Ethernet module, and then analyzes the total demand power of the ship; through each item parameter of diesel generator that electric power parameter collector gathered, according to the relation between the generating information that assesses and the overall demand power of boats and ships, adopt an intelligent control process, transmit the instruction to the controller module via CAN bus RS485 module, if: when the rotating speed and the cooling parameters of the diesel generator collected by the power parameter collector have problems, the controller can actively close the main switch of the diesel generator and cut off non-main loads of the ship; when the estimated power of the diesel generator is far larger than the ship load value, the controller can also close the main switch of the diesel generator;
(4) the controller module compares the total required power of the ship with the power generation power of a diesel generator and a photovoltaic panel of the ship and the discharge power of a lithium battery and a super capacitor through a load prediction algorithm by combining the received data, and controls the execution module to close the diesel generator of the ship, open switches of the photovoltaic panel and an energy storage device and use the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage device to supply power to the ship under the condition that the allowance reserve is sufficient (about 30%) if the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel of the ship and the discharge power of the energy storage element are combined;
(5) the controller module acquires data information of whether a main switch of the diesel generator is switched on or not and whether a main switch of the photovoltaic panel and an energy storage device is switched on or not through the switch state acquisition box, and if the switch state is inconsistent with the control instruction, the controller module gives an alarm through the fault alarm module;
(6) the method comprises the following steps that a load collector collects the required load of a three-level load and the driving control information of a ship, a controller module operates a load prediction algorithm to predict the power load of the ship, and if the margin of the power load is not enough (less than 30%), a diesel generating set is started and connected to the power grid; the method comprises the steps that the power parameter collector collects power parameters of a generator, if the generator set is started normally, the allowance of a power system is sufficient, the system runs normally, and if the generator fails to work normally or a main switch fails to be switched on normally, a controller module controls secondary loads of a ship to be cut off automatically, operation of important loads is guaranteed, and meanwhile an alarm is given; when the fault is relieved or the capacity of the power system is sufficient, the load cut off is automatically recovered;
(7) the CAN bus/RS 485 module collects the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, when the residual electric quantity is lower than a certain limit value, the controller module starts the diesel engine set to be full of the capacity of the power system and then switches the energy storage device into a charging state to charge the energy storage device, and controls the charging current in real time to enable the generator set to work under the most economic working condition all the time; in the process, the controller module maintains the state acquisition of the energy storage device, acquires the charging and discharging current and the residual electric quantity information of the energy storage device and prevents the overcharge phenomenon; the generator set is enabled to work under the most economic working condition or stop by controlling the charging current of the battery, so that the optimal oil consumption of the generator set is kept;
(8) when the propulsion system decelerates, the propulsion motor generates feedback, the controller module controls the super capacitor to absorb the instantaneous power of the feedback, and when the propulsion system works normally, the power of the super capacitor is discharged to the capacity of below 30% for absorbing the feedback energy next time.
The intelligent control in the step (3) is as follows:
(3.1) when the power generation allowance of the current diesel generator is more than 30%, the controller controls according to the residual capacity condition of the energy storage element, namely: when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, the controller closes a main switch of the diesel generator, and the energy storage element is used for supplying power to the whole ship; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is less than 20%, the controller maintains the opening state of the main switch of the diesel generator;
at the moment, if the power generation allowance of the diesel generator is less than 30%, the controller increases the diesel generator, so that the ship always reserves about 30% of allowance for the change of the working condition of the ship; at the moment, if the power generation allowance of the diesel generator is more than 30%, the controller charges the energy storage element;
(3.2) when the current power generation allowance of the diesel generator is less than 30%, the controller firstly checks whether the residual capacity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, and simultaneously executes different control instructions according to whether the residual capacity of the energy storage element is more than 20%; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is less than 20%, the controller directly increases the diesel generators and uses a plurality of diesel generators to supply power for the whole ship; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, the energy storage element opens a discharge switch to be matched with the diesel generator to supply power to the whole ship;
when the energy storage element is matched with the diesel generator to carry out whole-ship power supply, the controller also checks whether the allowance reserve of ship energy is greater than 30%, and if the allowance reserve is greater than 30%, the controller adjusts the discharge power of the energy storage element according to the load value of the ship; if the allowance reserve is less than 30%, the controller directly increases the diesel generator; after the diesel generator is increased, if the allowance reserve is larger than 30%, the controller opens a charging switch of the energy storage element to charge the energy storage element;
(3.3) when the diesel generator of the ship is increased to ensure the margin reserve of the ship, the controller also receives the real-time working condition of the ship, when the load value of the ship becomes smaller, the controller can timely close the main switch of the redundant diesel generator according to the change of the load value under the condition that the margin reserve is more than 30%, and the energy-saving performance of the ship is emphasized while the stable operation of the ship is ensured (the margin reserve of the ship and the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element can be properly adjusted according to the condition of the ship, and the controller is not limited to 30% margin and 20% residual electric quantity).
And (4) the load prediction algorithm of the controller module considers error factors, can more accurately grasp the change characteristic of the error by adding an error improvement coefficient, and further improves the prediction result through the relation between the actual value and the predicted value.
Further, CAN bus RS485 gathers diesel generator, photovoltaic board and energy storage device's state information, and diesel generator and photovoltaic board are not limited to and use RS485 to gather the signal, and energy storage device includes super capacitor and lithium cell.
Further, the switch state acquisition box acquires each switch state and generator state of the ship power system, and the controller module controls the fault alarm module to automatically alarm when the switch state of the diesel generator is inconsistent with a control instruction or fails; if the load is not enough, automatically cutting off the two-level and three-level non-important loads through a DO channel; and if the fault is eliminated and the electric power of the power system is sufficient, the cut load is automatically switched on.
Furthermore, the controller module collects the charging and discharging current and the residual electric quantity of the energy storage device through the CAN bus/RS 485 module, the service life of the energy storage element of the ship CAN be guaranteed through collecting the information of the energy storage element, and the impact on a ship power grid CAN be reduced when the power demand of the ship is increased to some extent or the ship is mainly pushed to generate feedback.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the controller of the invention preferentially uses the photovoltaic panel, the super capacitor and the lithium battery to supply the energy of the ship. The ship power load is predicted through the operation load prediction algorithm, when the power load capacity is insufficient, the diesel generator set can be started and connected to the grid, normal operation of the whole ship can be maintained, the waste phenomenon that the power generation power is excessive due to the fact that the diesel generator is used for generating power when the power demand of the ship power load is not large is avoided, the operation cost can be reduced, and energy conservation and emission reduction can be achieved;
(2) the invention controls the multi-energy ship, the power parameter collector collects the power parameters of the generator, if the generator set is normally started, the capacity of the power system is recombined, the system is normally operated, if the generator fails to work normally or the main switch fails to be switched on normally, the controller can automatically cut off the secondary load of the ship in time and send alarm information. And when the fault is relieved or the capacity of the power system is sufficient, the load cut off is automatically recovered. The influence of large voltage fluctuation of the ship and even power failure can be effectively avoided;
(3) according to the invention, the charge and discharge current and the residual electric quantity information of the lithium battery are acquired through the CAN bus/RS 485, when the residual electric quantity is lower than a certain limit value, the controller starts the diesel engine set to be full of the capacity of the power system, the energy storage device is switched to a charging state, the energy storage device is charged, and the charging current is controlled in real time, so that the generator set always works in the most economic working condition. In the process, the controller maintains the state collection of the energy storage device, the overcharge phenomenon of the energy storage device can be prevented by controlling the charging current of the battery, the service life of the energy storage element is prolonged, the generator set can work under the most economic working condition or stop, and the optimal oil consumption of the generator set is kept.
(4) The load prediction algorithm of the controller module can reflect the predicted power error coefficient trend of the ship by fitting the error coefficients, and can further enhance the authenticity of load prediction by fitting and enhancing the accuracy of the error coefficients.
(5) The invention has the advantages of less used devices, small volume, low cost, easy updating and maintenance and convenient installation and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall control flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the CAN bus/RS 485 module and the Ethernet module for collecting information according to the present invention
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction of the present invention includes a controller module, an execution module, an ethernet module, and a CAN bus/RS 485 module; the CAN bus/RS 485 module collects data information of the energy storage device, the generator and the photovoltaic panel and transmits the data information to the controller module, the Ethernet module collects driving control information, on-off state collection box data and load collector data and transmits the related data to the controller module, and the controller module analyzes and processes the data after receiving the data information of the Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module and controls the operation of the execution module through a DO channel by combining with a load prediction algorithm. The device also comprises a voltage detection module, a state display module, a power supply module and a fault alarm module which are connected with the controller module; the state display module displays various actions executed by the controller in real time, the voltage monitoring module detects the working voltage of the controller module in real time, and when the working voltage is lower than a normal working voltage range, the controller module controls the fault alarm module to periodically send out a low-voltage alarm indication; and the power supply module supplies power to the whole management controller.
When the ship is in some special states, such as when the ship throws down the anchor machine to work on the shore, the controller turns off all energy main switches of the ship through the execution module, uses shore power to maintain various loads of the ship for power utilization, and switches the energy storage device to a charging state.
The controller receives information collected by the CAN bus/Ethernet and combines load prediction to perform energy management control on the multi-energy ship.
The control method of the multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction comprises the following steps:
step 1: the power module of the energy management controller drives each module of the control system to start working;
step 2: the controller module collects various parameters of the diesel generator through the power parameter collector, wherein the parameters comprise a lubricating system, a cooling system, a rotating speed and the like of the diesel generator, and the power generation power of the diesel generator is evaluated. Meanwhile, the controller module collects the residual electric quantity information of the lithium battery and the super capacitor through the CAN bus;
and step 3: the controller module collects the first-level, second-level and third-level load demand power of the load collector and ship driving control information through the Ethernet module, and analyzes the total demand power of the ship;
and 4, step 4: and if the power generation power of the ship photovoltaic panel and the power discharge of the energy storage element are greater than the power required by the ship, the controller module closes the diesel generator of the ship under the condition of sufficient margin reserve (about 30 percent), and the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage device are used for supplying power to the ship.
Although the traditional curve fitting algorithm has high accuracy, the load prediction usually has large errors due to the complexity of the ship operation conditions. Aiming at the traditional curve fitting algorithm, an error coefficient at any moment is added to fit with time, and a relatively accurate predicted load value is obtained by utilizing the error correction coefficient. The method comprises the following specific steps:
let fd(x) Representing the sample value at time x, f (x) is the predicted value at time x, x ∈ [ a, b ]]And performing equivalent transformation on the time variable x: and z is (x-a)/(b-a), so that-1 is less than or equal to z is less than or equal to 1, and the Chebyshev polynomial model is as follows:
wherein, an(N-0, 1,2, …, N) is the weighting coefficient of the Chebyshev polynomial.
For determining the weighting factor a of the Chebyshev polynomialnFirstly, discretizing the above formula to obtain:
wherein
(k is 0,1,2, …, M) M represents the number of sample data, and M ≧ N.
Let fd(zk) Is the k-th sampled value, if all the values z are takenkCan make f (z)k) Sufficiently close to fd(zk) I.e. the sum of the squares of the errors:
then it is predictedThe measurement model is the optimal prediction model. Wherein a isnIs the optimal prediction coefficient.
Let the prediction vector be:
A＝[a0,a1,a2,…,aN]T
F＝[f(z0),f(z1),…,f(zM)]T
fd＝[fd(z0),fd(z1),…,fd(zM)]T
let the Chebyshev polynomial structure matrix be:
the discretized predictive model can be abbreviated as:
F＝TA
or is as follows:
F(k)＝T(k,:)A
wherein F (k) ═ f (z)k) Denotes zkOr xkThe predicted value of time, T, is (M +1) × (N +1) Vandermon matrix (M ≧ N).
Obviously, the system denoted by f (k) ═ T (k,: a) is an overdetermined linear system equation. And the optimal coefficient term a may be based on:
therefore, it is possible to calculate an arbitrary designated z from F ═ TAkThe predicted value of the time.
Next, in order to improve the load prediction algorithm, the actual load value at any time in the previous period may be compared with the load value calculated by the prediction algorithm, and the relative error coefficient x at any time may be calculatedk(k ═ 0,1,2, …, M). For relative error coefficient xkFitting to obtain a relatively accurate error coefficient xkAnd at an arbitrary time zkFunctional relationship of (a):
therefore, based on the relationship between the measured load value and the predicted load value, we can further obtain a more accurate load value at any time:
and 5: the controller module collects whether the main switch of the diesel generator is switched on or not and whether the main switch of the photovoltaic panel and the main switch of the energy storage device is switched on or not through the switch state collection box. If the switch state is inconsistent with the control instruction, the controller gives an alarm through the fault alarm module;
step 6: the load collector collects current load and driving control information of the ship, the controller module operates a load prediction algorithm to predict the power load of the ship, load demand is calculated, and if the power load capacity is insufficient, the diesel generating set is started and connected to the grid. The power parameter collector is used for collecting power parameters of the generator, if the generator set is started normally, the capacity of a power system is sufficient, the system runs normally, if the generator fails to work normally or a main switch fails to be switched on normally, the controller module automatically cuts off secondary loads of ships, operation of important loads is guaranteed, and meanwhile an alarm is given. And when the fault is relieved or the capacity of the power system is sufficient, the load cut off is automatically recovered.
And 7: the CAN bus/RS 485 module collects the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, when the residual electric quantity is lower than a certain limit value, the controller module starts the diesel engine set to be full of the capacity of the power system and then switches the energy storage device into a charging state to charge the energy storage device, and controls the charging current in real time, so that the generator set always works under the most economic working condition. In the process, the state acquisition of the energy storage device is controlled and maintained, and the charging and discharging current and the residual electric quantity information of the energy storage device are acquired to prevent the overcharge phenomenon; the generator set is enabled to work under the most economic working condition or stop by controlling the charging current of the battery, and the optimal oil consumption of the generator set is kept.
And 8: when the propulsion system decelerates, the propulsion motor generates feedback, the controller controls the super capacitor to absorb the feedback instantaneous power, and when the propulsion system normally works, the super capacitor discharges the power to the capacity below 30% for the absorption of the feedback energy next time.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction is characterized in that: the system comprises a controller module, an execution module, an Ethernet module and a CAN bus/RS 485 module; the CAN bus/RS 485 module collects data information of an energy storage device, a generator and a photovoltaic panel and transmits the data information to the controller module, and the Ethernet module collects driving control information, on-off state collection box data and load collector data and transmits related data to the controller module; the controller module analyzes and processes the data after receiving the data information of the Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module, and controls the operation of the execution module through a DO channel by combining a load prediction algorithm;
the Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module are used as field communication modes, and the controller module is used for receiving communication transmission information to enhance the contact between a diesel generator of a ship and load requirements, so that the comprehensive management of equipment is facilitated; the Ethernet module timely acquires the on-off state of the load and the energy through the on-off state acquisition box, and transmits an instruction to the controller to give an alarm in time when the on-off instruction sent by the controller conflicts with the acquired on-off state, so that the fault threat of the ship is reduced;
the controller module processes the data processing process of data transmission of the Ethernet module and the CAN bus/RS 485 module, transmits a control instruction through a load prediction algorithm to control the on-off of each load and energy supply, and associates the power demand of the ship with the power generation power;
the load prediction of the controller module comprises the following processes:
the method comprises the following steps: performing equivalent transformation on the time variable x, and establishing a Chebyshev polynomial model;
step two: discretizing the Chebyshev polynomial model, determining a weighting coefficient of the Chebyshev polynomial, and acquiring an optimal prediction model and an optimal prediction coefficient;
step three: setting a prediction vector and a Chebyshev polynomial structure matrix according to the obtained optimal prediction model and optimal prediction coefficient to obtain a simplified and discrete prediction model;
step four: the discrete prediction model is an overdetermined linear system equation, and then a load prediction value at any specified time is obtained according to the obtained optimal coefficient item A;
step five: comparing an actual load value and a predicted load value of a period of time before the current moment to obtain a relative error coefficient at any moment;
step six: fitting the relative error coefficient to obtain a functional relation between the error coefficient and any moment;
step seven: adding an error improvement coefficient to the prediction model to obtain a more accurate load prediction value at any moment;
the controller module acquires the first-level load, the second-level load, the third-level load demand power and ship driving control information of the load collector through the Ethernet module, then analyzes the total demand power of the ship, acquires various parameters of the diesel generator through the power parameter collector, and transmits an instruction to the controller module through the CAN bus/RS 485 module by adopting an intelligent control process according to the relationship between the estimated power generation information and the total demand power of the ship; and the intelligent control specifically comprises the following steps:
when the current power generation allowance of the diesel generator is larger than 30%, the controller controls according to the residual capacity condition of the energy storage element, namely: when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, the controller closes a main switch of the diesel generator, and the energy storage element is used for supplying power to the whole ship; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is less than 20%, the controller maintains the opening state of the main switch of the diesel generator; at the moment, if the power generation allowance of the diesel generator is less than 30%, the controller increases the diesel generator, so that the ship always reserves about 30% of allowance for the change of the working condition of the ship; at the moment, if the power generation allowance of the diesel generator is more than 30%, the controller charges the energy storage element;
when the current power generation allowance of the diesel generator is smaller than 30%, the controller firstly checks whether the residual capacity of the energy storage element is larger than 20%, and executes different control instructions according to whether the residual capacity of the energy storage element is larger than 20%; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is less than 20%, the controller directly increases the diesel generators and uses a plurality of diesel generators to supply power for the whole ship; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, the energy storage element opens a discharge switch to be matched with the diesel generator to supply power to the whole ship;
when the energy storage element is matched with the diesel generator to carry out whole-ship power supply, the controller also checks whether the allowance reserve of ship energy is greater than 30%, and if the allowance reserve is greater than 30%, the controller adjusts the discharge power of the energy storage element according to the load value of the ship; if the allowance reserve is less than 30%, the controller directly increases the diesel generator; after the diesel generator is increased, if the allowance reserve is larger than 30%, the controller opens a charging switch of the energy storage element to charge the energy storage element;
when the diesel generator of the ship is increased to ensure the margin reserve of the ship, the controller receives the real-time working condition of the ship, and when the load value of the ship is reduced, the controller timely closes the main switch of the redundant diesel generator according to the change of the load value under the condition that the margin reserve is larger than 30%.
2. The load prediction based multi-energy vessel energy management controller of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a voltage detection module, a state display module, a power supply module and a fault alarm module which are connected with the controller module; the state display module displays various actions executed by the controller in real time, the voltage monitoring module detects the working voltage of the controller module in real time, and when the working voltage is lower than a normal working voltage range, the controller module controls the fault alarm module to periodically send out a low-voltage alarm indication; and the power supply module supplies power to the whole management controller.
3. A control method of a multi-energy ship energy management controller based on load prediction according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a power supply module and driving other modules to start working;
(2) the controller module receives power parameters from external equipment and corresponding parameters of the diesel generator collected by the collector through the CAN bus/RS 485 module, then evaluates the power generation power and the working state of the diesel generator, and collects the information of the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery and the super capacitor through the CAN bus/RS 485 module; parameters of the diesel generator include a lubrication system, a cooling system and a rotation speed;
(3) the controller module acquires the first-level load, the second-level load, the third-level load demand power and ship driving control information of the load collector through the Ethernet module, then analyzes the total demand power of the ship, acquires various parameters of the diesel generator through the power parameter collector, and transmits an instruction to the controller module through the CAN bus/RS 485 module by adopting an intelligent control process according to the relationship between the estimated power generation information and the total demand power of the ship;
(4) the controller module compares the total required power of the ship with the power generation power of a diesel generator and a photovoltaic panel of the ship and the difference value between the discharge power of a lithium battery and a super capacitor by combining the received data through a load prediction algorithm, and controls the execution module to close the diesel generator of the ship, open switches of the photovoltaic panel and an energy storage device and use the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage device to supply power to the ship under the condition that the margin is sufficient to reserve if the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel of the ship and the discharge power of the energy storage element are greater than the power required by the ship;
(5) the controller module acquires data information of whether a main switch of the diesel generator is switched on or not and whether a main switch of the photovoltaic panel and an energy storage device is switched on or not through the switch state acquisition box, and if the switch state is inconsistent with the control instruction, the controller module gives an alarm through the fault alarm module;
(6) the load collector collects the required load of the three-level load and the driving control information of the ship, the controller module operates a load prediction algorithm to predict the power load of the ship, and if the power load capacity is insufficient, the diesel generating set is started and connected to the grid; the power parameter collector is used for collecting power parameters of the generator, if the generator set is started normally, the capacity of a power system is sufficient, the system runs normally, and if the generator fails to work normally or a main switch fails to be switched on normally, the controller module controls the secondary load of the ship to be cut off automatically, so that the running of important loads is guaranteed, and meanwhile, an alarm is given; when the fault is relieved or the capacity of the power system is sufficient, the load cut off is automatically recovered;
(7) the CAN bus/RS 485 module collects the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, when the residual electric quantity is lower than a certain limit value, the controller module starts the diesel engine set to be full of the capacity of the power system and then switches the energy storage device into a charging state to charge the energy storage device, and controls the charging current in real time to enable the generator set to work under the most economic working condition all the time; in the process, the controller module maintains the state acquisition of the energy storage device, acquires the charging and discharging current and the residual electric quantity information of the energy storage device and prevents the overcharge phenomenon; the generator set is enabled to work or stop under the most economic working condition by controlling the charging current of the battery, and the optimal oil consumption of the generator set is kept;
(8) when the propulsion system decelerates, the propulsion motor generates feedback, the controller module controls the super capacitor to absorb the instantaneous power of the feedback, and when the propulsion system works normally, the power of the super capacitor is discharged to the capacity of below 30% for absorbing the feedback energy next time.
4. The method of controlling a multi-energy vessel energy management controller based on load forecasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the intelligent control in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
(3.1) when the power generation allowance of the current diesel generator is more than 30%, the controller controls according to the residual capacity condition of the energy storage element, namely: when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, the controller closes a main switch of the diesel generator, and the energy storage element is used for supplying power to the whole ship; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is less than 20%, the controller maintains the opening state of the main switch of the diesel generator; at the moment, if the power generation allowance of the diesel generator is less than 30%, the controller increases the diesel generator, so that the ship always reserves about 30% of allowance for the change of the working condition of the ship; at the moment, if the power generation allowance of the diesel generator is more than 30%, the controller charges the energy storage element;
(3.2) when the current power generation allowance of the diesel generator is less than 30%, the controller firstly checks whether the residual capacity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, and simultaneously executes different control instructions according to whether the residual capacity of the energy storage element is more than 20%; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is less than 20%, the controller directly increases the diesel generators and uses a plurality of diesel generators to supply power for the whole ship; when the residual electric quantity of the energy storage element is more than 20%, the energy storage element opens a discharge switch to be matched with the diesel generator to supply power to the whole ship;
when the energy storage element is matched with the diesel generator to carry out whole-ship power supply, the controller also checks whether the allowance reserve of ship energy is greater than 30%, and if the allowance reserve is greater than 30%, the controller adjusts the discharge power of the energy storage element according to the load value of the ship; if the allowance reserve is less than 30%, the controller directly increases the diesel generator; after the diesel generator is increased, if the allowance reserve is larger than 30%, the controller opens a charging switch of the energy storage element to charge the energy storage element;
and (3.3) when the margin reserve of the ship is ensured by increasing the diesel generators of the ship, the controller receives the real-time working condition of the ship, and when the load value of the ship is reduced, the controller timely closes the main switches of the redundant diesel generators under the condition that the margin reserve is more than 30% according to the change of the load value.
5. The method of controlling a multi-energy vessel energy management controller based on load forecasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the CAN bus/RS 485 collects state information of the diesel generator, the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage device, transmits the collected information to the controller module for data processing, and provides a relevant basis for the further operation of the controller combined with a load prediction algorithm; the diesel generator and the photovoltaic panel use RS485 to collect signals, and the energy storage device comprises a super capacitor and a lithium battery.
6. The method of controlling a multi-energy vessel energy management controller based on load forecasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the switch state acquisition box acquires each switch state and generator state of the ship power system, and the controller module controls the fault alarm module to automatically alarm when the diesel generator alarms or fails; if the load is not enough, automatically cutting off the two-level and three-level non-important loads through a DO channel; and if the fault is eliminated and the electric power of the power system is sufficient, the cut load is automatically switched on.
7. The method of controlling a multi-energy vessel energy management controller based on load forecasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the controller module collects the charging and discharging current and the residual electric quantity of the energy storage device through the CAN bus/RS 485 module, and controls the residual electric quantity and the charging and discharging information of the energy storage device in real time through collecting the information of the energy storage device.
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| CN110718940B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏科技大学 | Multi-energy ship intelligent power distribution method and device based on load prediction |
| CN110829422B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2024-03-08 | 上海船舶研究设计院（中国船舶工业集团公司第六0四研究院） | Ship intelligent power supply system, device and coordination method |
| CN111392017A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Multi-energy management system of diesel-electric hybrid power ship |
| CN111756047A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-09 | 南通诺德瑞海洋工程研究院有限公司 | Marine preferential tripping system |
| CN112510701A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏科技大学 | Multi-energy ship energy management control device and method |
| CN112583057A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏科技大学 | Ship energy management control system based on light and diesel hybrid energy storage |
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