CN110275206B - Fracture-pore rock physical elastic template - Google Patents
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracture-pore rock physical elastic template, and belongs to the field of rock geophysical exploration. In order to research a compact sandstone reservoir with high saturated gas, micro-fracture development and strong heterogeneity, the model calculates the elastic modulus of mixed minerals by using a Voigt-Reuss-Hill model; a Differential Equivalent Medium (DEM) model is adopted to describe the elastic modulus of a skeleton of rock containing fractures and pores, the characteristics of local fluid in the pores are described through a Biot-Rayleigh theory, and the relationship between the elastic parameters and physical properties of a tight sandstone reservoir is disclosed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of exploration rock geophysical, and particularly relates to a fracture-pore type rock physical elastic template, which is used for researching a compact sandstone reservoir with high saturated gas, micro-fracture development and strong heterogeneity by establishing the rock physical elastic template.
Background
Tight sandstones generally have the geological features of low porosity, low permeability and microcrack development and exhibit strong heterogeneity. Compared with the conventional sandstone reservoir, the compact sandstone reservoir has obvious differences in rock physical properties and seepage mechanical properties. Smith et al (2010) indicated that fissures in tight sandstone are the main factors affecting seismic velocity, and the existence of microfractures affects the yield of oil and gas in tight sandstone reservoirs, while the heterogeneity inside the rock causes energy loss in the propagation process of elastic waves (Carcione and Picotti, 2006), while the complexity of the actual pore structure increases the difficulty of reservoir gas content prediction. Therefore, how to predict and describe the heterogeneous reservoir more accurately and reasonably has been a hot and difficult point of research on petroleum geophysical prospecting technology.
The petrophysical model is a bridge for converting seismic information into reservoir physical information. Biot and Gassmann proposed the theory of wave propagation in a biphasic medium, which assumes that fluids are uniformly distributed in porous rock and have been widely used in the fields of seismic exploration and rock engineering since their formation, but there is a large deviation from the description of the actual reservoir medium. White, Nur and Mavko and Dvorkin then completed the Biot-Gassmann theory in view of the heterogeneity within the rock. Berryman and Milton generalize the Gassmann equation to composite pore materials containing two pore structures, but do not correlate well with local flow and a two-pore structure. Pride et al derive the fluid seepage equation in isotropic two-pore media based on the volume-averaged approximation method. Based on Pride's achievement, Bajing and the like discuss the rationality of a saturated single-fluid dual-pore medium to describe a wave propagation phenomenon in an actual rock, and realize multi-scale theoretical modeling and engineering application to unsaturated rocks based on a Biot-Rayleigh wave equation. Xu and White (1995) are based on the experimental analysis result of Han et al (1986) water-containing sandstone, and other models, Wyllie equation and Gassmann equation are comprehensively utilized, and the proposed sand and mudstone mixed model is widely applied to reservoir transverse wave velocity calculation and rock physical analysis, but the calculation accuracy of the model is greatly influenced by input parameters, so the practical application effect in the industry is not good. Avseth et al, based on the Biot-Gassmann theory, construct petrophysical templates and apply to oil and gas prediction. Ruiz et al (2008) consider the influence of the fracture based on a soft hole model proposed by tight sandstone, and can well match the tight sandstone petrophysical model. Yan et al (2011) provide a framework model of medium and low-porosity sandstone in the Chuan middle region based on effective medium theory and experimental analysis, and indicate that matrix modulus, pore shape and pore aspect ratio all influence framework modulus. Southeast phyllotae et al (2015) construct a rock physical model based on a differential equivalent medium theory and a patch-shaped saturation theory to be applied to distinguishing sand mudstones. Wang Daxing (2016) successfully applies a reservoir rock physical model established based on experimental data analysis of compact sandstone in a Sulige gas field to gas content prediction. Guomezu et al (2018) analyzed compressional wave dispersion and attenuation characteristics of fluid-containing tight sandstone based on a dual-pore structure model. et al (2018) establish a multi-scale petrophysical template of tight sandstone based on an improved random plaque saturation model for gas-bearing formation detection. The Yangbege (2018) provides a method for synchronously inverting the porosity and water saturation of sand-mud rock based on a rock theoretical basis, and the method reduces the multi-solution of reservoir prediction.
Compared with conventional oil and gas, the compact sandstone oil and gas reservoir has to adopt unconventional ideas and technologies, and the heterogeneity and the distribution of the compact sandstone oil and gas reservoir are inverted according to seismic data by researching the influence of the heterogeneity of the compact sandstone oil and gas reservoir on seismic response.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fracture-pore rock physical elastic template for overcoming the defect that only a single factor is considered in a conventional rock physical model. Aiming at a compact sandstone reservoir with high saturated gas, micro-fracture development and strong heterogeneity, the compact sandstone reservoir is researched by establishing a rock physical elastic template.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fracture-pore type rock physical elastic template is established by the following steps:
(1) obtaining the components and contents of quartz and feldspar in the rock matrix according to geological data to obtain the elastic parameters and density of the rock matrix;
(2) introducing a double-hole medium wave propagation control equation;
(3) establishing a fracture-pore type rock physical model by combining a Voigt-reus-Hill model, a DEM model and a Biot-Rayleigh equation;
(4) performing elastic parameter influence analysis and rock physical diagram construction;
(5) and predicting the porosity and the fracture content through the examples, and making an inversion result graph to verify the effectiveness of the template.
Further, the step (2) is specifically as follows:
introducing strain energy and kinetic energy into the local fluid flow interaction between different pore areas, establishing corresponding potential energy function, kinetic energy function and dissipation function, and further deducing a diplopore medium wave propagation control equation as follows:
in the formula U, U(1),U(2)The average particle displacement of the rock dry skeleton, the fluid phase 1 of the fluid in the main skeleton, and the fluid phase 2 of the fluid in the microcracks, respectively(1),ζ(2)Is the corresponding 3 displacement divergence fields;
representing local fluid deformation increment generated in the seismic wave excitation process, and two different pores phi are formed in the rock due to the non-uniform development of the pore structure10And phi20Is the local porosity, R, of the main body skeleton and the fracture skeleton12Radius of the microcracks; phi is a1,φ2Is the absolute porosity of two types of pores; rhof,η,κ1Density, viscosity and permeability of the fluid, A, N, Q1、R1、Q2And R2As an elastic parameter, ρ11、ρ12、ρ13、ρ22And rho33As a density parameter, b1And b2Is a dissipation parameter.
Further, the step (3) is specifically as follows:
1) obtaining the components and the contents of quartz and feldspar in the rock matrix according to geological data, and calculating the elastic modulus M of the rock matrix by using a Voigt-Reuss-Hill modelVRH：
In the formula: f. ofi、MiDenotes the volume fraction, modulus of elasticity, M, of the i-th mineral componentVRepresenting the modulus of elasticity, M, of the rock matrix, determined using a Voigt modelRThe elastic modulus of the rock matrix obtained by using a Reuss model is shown;
2) adding the dried pores and fractures into the rock matrix by adopting a DEM model to obtain the elastic parameters and density of the dry rock skeleton, wherein the coupled differential equation system of the equivalent volume and the shear modulus is as follows:
wherein the initial condition is K*(0)＝K1，μ*(0)＝μ1，K1，μ1Bulk and shear moduli of the initial main phase material, K2，μ2Volume and shear modulus of gradually added inclusions, y is the content of inclusions, y is equal to the porosity, P, for fluid inclusions and empty inclusions*iAnd Q*iIs directed to having a self-compatible equivalent elastic modulus muSC *And KSC *The mineral shape factor of the ith component in the background medium of (1);
3) and (3) performing fluid replacement by using a Biot-Rayleigh equation, adding gas into a rock dry skeleton to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the gas-saturated rock, and finally obtaining a heterogeneous double-hole rock physical model for describing a fracture-pore type reservoir stratum.
Further, the analysis of the impact of the elastic parameters in the step (4) specifically comprises:
based on the established petrophysical model, the influence of the porosity and the fracture content on the elastic parameters is simulated and analyzed, and the positive correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity ratio and the porosity and the negative correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity ratio and the longitudinal wave velocity are obtained according to a logging data curve fitting graph of the gas reservoir.
Further, the forming of the petrophysical map in the step (4) is specifically:
performing rock physical modeling on a tight sandstone target layer in a work area, taking quartz, feldspar and clay as matrixes, obtaining the elastic modulus of a dry rock skeleton of a rock containing porosity and micro-fracture rock by adopting a DEM (digital elevation model), obtaining longitudinal wave speeds and transverse wave speeds of different frequency bands by utilizing a Biot-Rayleigh equation, forming a fracture-pore rock physical diagram based on the parameters, and then correcting the diagram by utilizing measured data, namely experimental data and logging data.
Further, the step (5) is specifically as follows:
by quantitatively explaining the porosity and the fracture content of a reservoir stratum of a well logging line, firstly performing prestack inversion on a target interval to obtain a data volume of longitudinal wave impedance and a longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and then extracting values of the longitudinal wave impedance and the longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio obtained by inversion to obtain a two-dimensional profile of the wave impedance and the longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio;
projecting the obtained longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio and longitudinal wave impedance values onto a rock physical elastic template after data correction, judging template lattice points closest to data points within the range of reservoir parameters of the template, and taking the porosity and fracture content values as reservoir parameters corresponding to the data points;
in a target layer, non-reservoir treatment is carried out on the condition that the boundary difference between the data points and the template is large, and a compact reservoir with too low porosity outside the template is not an exploration target and can be directly carried out;
and (3) establishing a compact sandstone fracture-pore rock physical template, and verifying the rock physical template by utilizing rock experiment observation and logging information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention
1. Compared with other traditional rock physical models, the model can be reasonably applied to the explanation of the porosity and fracture content of the tight sandstone reservoir.
2. The model can predict and describe the heterogeneous reservoir more accurately and reasonably.
3. The compact sandstone rock physical template constructed by the new parameter fracture content predicts the porosity and the fracture content of the reservoir based on pre-stack seismic data, and promotes the development of predicting the porosity and the fracture content of the non-uniform saturated reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a petrophysical modeling process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a curve fit of the well log data of a gas bearing zone of a work area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of skeletal bulk modulus (a), shear modulus (b) versus porosity and fracture content;
FIG. 4 is a graph of compressional velocity (a), shear velocity (b) versus porosity and fracture content;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the velocity ratio of the compressional and shear waves versus porosity and fracture content;
FIG. 6 is a plot of Poisson's ratio versus porosity and fracture content;
FIG. 7 is a log data correction;
FIG. 8 is an experimental data correction;
FIG. 9 is a two-dimensional seismic section of the compressional-compressional velocity ratio (a) and compressional impedance (b);
FIG. 10 is the results of inversion of fracture content (a) and porosity (b).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A fracture-pore type rock physical elastic template is established by the following steps:
(1) obtaining the components and contents of quartz and feldspar in the rock matrix according to geological data to obtain the elastic parameters and density of the rock matrix;
(2) introducing a double-hole medium wave propagation control equation:
introducing strain energy and kinetic energy into the local fluid flow interaction between different pore areas, establishing corresponding potential energy function, kinetic energy function and dissipation function, and further deducing a diplopore medium wave propagation control equation as follows:
in the formula U, U(1),U(2)The average particle displacement of the rock dry skeleton, the fluid phase 1 of the fluid in the main skeleton, and the fluid phase 2 of the fluid in the microcracks, respectively(1),ζ(2)Is the corresponding 3 displacement divergence fields;
representing local fluid deformation increment generated in the seismic wave excitation process, and two different pores, namely pores and fractures, phi, are formed in the rock due to the non-uniform development of the pore structure10And phi20Is the local porosity, R, of the main body skeleton and the fracture skeleton12Radius of the microcracks; phi is a1,φ2Is the absolute porosity of two types of pores; rhof,η,κ1Density, viscosity and permeability of the fluid, A, N, Q1、R1、Q2And R2As a parameter of elasticity，ρ11、ρ12、ρ13、ρ22And rho33As a density parameter, b1And b2Is a dissipation parameter.
(3) And (3) establishing a fracture-pore type rock physical model by combining a Voigt-Reuss-Hill model, a DEM model and a Biot-Rayleigh equation:
1) obtaining the components and the contents of quartz and feldspar in the rock matrix according to geological data, and calculating the elastic modulus M of the rock matrix by using a Voigt-Reuss-Hill modelVRH：
In the formula: f. ofi、MiDenotes the volume fraction, modulus of elasticity, M, of the i-th mineral componentVRepresenting the modulus of elasticity, M, of the rock matrix, determined using a Voigt modelRThe elastic modulus of the rock matrix obtained by using a Reuss model is shown;
2) adding the dried pores and fractures into the rock matrix by adopting a DEM model to obtain the elastic parameters and density of the dry rock skeleton, wherein the coupled differential equation system of the equivalent volume and the shear modulus is as follows:
wherein the initial condition is K*(0)＝K1，μ*(0)＝μ1，K1，μ1Bulk and shear moduli of the initial main phase material, K2，μ2Volume and shear modulus of gradually added inclusions, y is the content of inclusions, y is equal to the porosity, P, for fluid inclusions and empty inclusions*iAnd Q*iIs directed to having a self-compatible equivalent elastic modulus muSC *And KSC *The mineral shape factor of the ith component in the background medium of (1);
3) and (3) performing fluid replacement by using a Biot-Rayleigh equation, adding gas into a rock dry skeleton to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the gas-saturated rock, and finally obtaining a heterogeneous double-hole rock physical model for describing a fracture-pore type reservoir stratum.
(4) Performing elastic parameter influence analysis and rock physical diagram construction:
the elastic properties of rock are closely related to porosity and fracture content. Generally, changes in porosity and fracture content directly affect changes in the velocity of the longitudinal and transverse waves. The total porosity and the fracture content of the rock are selected to analyze the influence of the rock on the elastic parameters, so that the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir can be better described and analyzed.
Based on the established petrophysical model, the influence of the porosity and the fracture content on the elastic parameters is simulated and analyzed, and the positive correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity ratio and the porosity and the negative correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity ratio and the longitudinal wave velocity are obtained according to a logging data curve fitting graph of the gas reservoir.
Performing rock physical modeling on a tight sandstone target layer in a work area, taking quartz, feldspar and clay as matrixes, obtaining the elastic modulus of a dry rock skeleton of a rock containing porosity and micro-fracture rock by adopting a DEM (digital elevation model), obtaining longitudinal wave speeds and transverse wave speeds of different frequency bands by utilizing a Biot-Rayleigh equation, forming a fracture-pore rock physical diagram based on the parameters, and then correcting the diagram by utilizing measured data, namely experimental data and logging data.
Before the final rock physical diagram is output, all input parameters need to be adjusted on the theoretical basis, so that the rock physical diagram is consistent with the distribution rule of the data points.
(5) And predicting the porosity and the fracture content through an example, making an inversion result graph, and verifying the effectiveness of the template:
by quantitatively explaining the porosity and the fracture content of a reservoir stratum of a well logging line, firstly performing prestack inversion on a target interval to obtain a data volume of longitudinal wave impedance and a longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and then extracting values of the longitudinal wave impedance and the longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio obtained by inversion to obtain a two-dimensional profile of the wave impedance and the longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio;
projecting the obtained longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio and longitudinal wave impedance values onto a rock physical elastic template after data correction, judging template lattice points closest to data points within the range of reservoir parameters of the template, and taking the porosity and fracture content values as reservoir parameters corresponding to the data points;
in a target layer, non-reservoir treatment is carried out on the condition that the boundary difference between the data points and the template is large, and a compact reservoir with too low porosity outside the template is not an exploration target and can be directly carried out;
and establishing a compact sandstone fracture-pore rock physical template based on actual geological data. The rock physical template is verified by utilizing rock experiment observation and well logging information, and each input parameter needs to be adjusted on a theoretical basis before a final rock physical template is output, so that the rock physical template is consistent with the distribution rule of data points, and the figure is 8. The template can be better applied to the explanation of the porosity and the fracture content of the compact sandstone reservoir.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A fracture-pore rock physical elastic template is characterized in that: the establishing steps are as follows:
(1) obtaining the components and contents of quartz and feldspar in the rock matrix according to geological data to obtain the elastic parameters and density of the rock matrix;
(2) introducing a double-hole medium wave propagation control equation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
introducing strain energy and kinetic energy into the local fluid flow interaction between different pore areas, establishing corresponding potential energy function, kinetic energy function and dissipation function, and further deducing a diplopore medium wave propagation control equation as follows:
in the formula U, U(1),U(2)The average particle displacement of the rock dry skeleton, the fluid phase 1 of the fluid in the main skeleton, and the fluid phase 2 of the fluid in the microcracks, respectively(1),ζ(2)Is the corresponding 3 displacement divergence fields;
representing local fluid deformation increment generated in the seismic wave excitation process, and two different pores phi are formed in the rock due to the non-uniform development of the pore structure10And phi20Is the local porosity, R, of the main body skeleton and the fracture skeleton12Radius of the microcracks; phi is a1,φ2Is the absolute porosity of two types of pores; rhof,η,κ1Density, viscosity and permeability of the fluid, A, N, Q1、R1、Q2And R2As an elastic parameter, ρ11、ρ12、ρ13、ρ22And rho33As a density parameter, b1And b2Is a dissipation parameter;
(3) establishing a fracture-pore type rock physical model by combining a Voigt-reus-Hill model, a DEM model and a Biot-Rayleigh equation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining the components and the contents of quartz and feldspar in the rock matrix according to geological data, and calculating the elastic modulus M of the rock matrix by using a Voigt-Reuss-Hill modelVRH：
In the formula: f. ofi、MiDenotes the volume fraction, modulus of elasticity, M, of the i-th mineral componentVRepresenting the modulus of elasticity, M, of the rock matrix, determined using a Voigt modelRThe elastic modulus of the rock matrix obtained by using a Reuss model is shown;
2) adding the dried pores and fractures into the rock matrix by adopting a DEM model to obtain the elastic parameters and density of the dry rock skeleton, wherein the coupled differential equation system of the equivalent volume and the shear modulus is as follows:
wherein the initial condition is K*(0)＝K1，μ*(0)＝μ1，K1，μ1Bulk and shear moduli of the initial main phase material, K2，μ2Volume and shear modulus of gradually added inclusions, y is the content of inclusions, y is equal to the porosity, P, for fluid inclusions and empty inclusions*jAnd Q*jIs directed to having a self-compatible equivalent elastic modulus muSC *And KSC *The mineral shape factor of the jth component in the background medium of (1);
3) carrying out fluid replacement by using a Biot-Rayleigh equation, adding gas into a rock dry skeleton to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity and a transverse wave velocity of gas-saturated rock, and finally obtaining a heterogeneous double-hole rock physical model for describing a fracture-pore type reservoir stratum;
(4) performing elastic parameter influence analysis and rock physical diagram construction, wherein the elastic parameter influence analysis specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the established petrophysical model, simulating and analyzing the influence of the porosity and the fracture content on the elastic parameters, and according to a logging data curve fitting graph of the gas reservoir, obtaining that the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio is in positive correlation with the porosity and in negative correlation with the longitudinal wave velocity;
the construction of the rock physical template specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out rock physical modeling on a tight sandstone target layer in a work area, taking quartz, feldspar and clay as matrixes, obtaining the elastic modulus of a dry rock skeleton containing porosity and micro-fracture rock by adopting a DEM (digital elevation model), obtaining longitudinal wave speeds and transverse wave speeds of different frequency bands by utilizing a Biot-Rayleigh equation, forming a fracture-pore type rock physical template based on the parameters, and then carrying out template correction by utilizing measured data, namely experimental data and logging data;
(5) porosity and fracture content prediction is carried out through an example, an inversion result graph is made, and the effectiveness of the template is verified, specifically:
by quantitatively explaining the porosity and the fracture content of a reservoir stratum of a well logging line, firstly performing prestack inversion on a target interval to obtain a data volume of longitudinal wave impedance and a longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and then extracting values of the longitudinal wave impedance and the longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio obtained by inversion to obtain a two-dimensional profile of the wave impedance and the longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio;
projecting the obtained longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio and longitudinal wave impedance values onto a rock physical elastic template after data correction, judging template lattice points closest to data points within the range of reservoir parameters of the template, and taking the porosity and fracture content values as reservoir parameters corresponding to the data points;
in a target layer, non-reservoir treatment is carried out on the condition that the boundary difference between the data points and the template is large, and a compact reservoir with too low porosity outside the template is not an exploration target and can be directly carried out;
and (3) establishing a compact sandstone fracture-pore rock physical template, and verifying the rock physical template by utilizing rock experiment observation and logging information.
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