CN110270046B - Garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer and use method thereof - Google Patents
Garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
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- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
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- A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
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Abstract
The invention discloses a garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of phosphate compounds, 2-5 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 1-3 parts of sulfydryl chelating agent, 1-3 parts of thiuram, 1-3 parts of modified sodium bentonite and 1-2 parts of blending agent. The phosphate compound can react with heavy metal under a certain pH condition to generate stable heavy metal mineral salt, the light-burned magnesium oxide has good pH buffering function and heavy metal adsorption capacity, so that the phosphate compound is cooperated to remove the heavy metal in the fly ash, the chelating agent has strong chelating capacity, the added modified sodium bentonite is formed by compounding rice hull ash and the sodium bentonite, the specific surface area of the rice hull ash is large, and a hole structure is formed after special treatment of dilute phosphoric acid solution and ferric chloride solution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage fly ash treatment, in particular to a garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer and a using method thereof.
Background
The fly ash is a residue collected by a flue gas purification system of a waste incineration plant, belongs to dangerous waste, and has the greatest treatment difficulty and harm among various pollutants (flue gas, percolate, slag and fly ash) generated by waste incineration; the fly ash is extremely harmful in toxicity, contains the most toxic inorganic substances, namely heavy metals, and the most toxic organic substances, namely dioxin, contains the most toxic inorganic substances, namely heavy metals, and is commonly 5 heavy metals which are the most harmful to human bodies: lead, chromium, mercury, arsenic, cadmium. These heavy metals cannot be decomposed in water and combine with other toxins in the water to produce more toxic organic compounds. The harm of heavy metals to human body is common: lead: damage to human brain cells, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, etc.; chromium: hexavalent chromium has a strong oxidizing effect, so chronic poisoning gradually progresses to irrecoverable drugs from local lesions. When invading into human body through respiratory tract, it begins to invade upper respiratory tract, causing rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis; mercury: after being eaten, the food can directly sink into the liver, and can damage and strengthen the brain, the spirit and the vision; arsenic: can cause skin pigmentation, leading to abnormal keratinization; cadmium: causing hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; destroy bone calcium and cause renal dysfunction.
The fly ash from incineration of municipal solid waste contains a large amount of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, and the treatment effect of the existing heavy metal stabilizer on heavy metal in the fly ash is poor, and the dissolution rate of heavy metal substances is poor, so that the treatment needs to be further improved.
Chinese patent publication No. (CN108179277A) discloses a method for treating fly ash with high salt and heavy metal content, comprising: washing the fly ash by using an acid washing solution, transferring soluble salt in the fly ash into the washing solution to the maximum extent by controlling the liquid-solid ratio to obtain strong brine with recovery value, and returning the obtained strong brine after separating and recovering the salt to be used as a replenishing solution to continuously wash the next batch of fly ash; after washing, performing acid leaching on the fly ash by adopting acid leaching solution, controlling the liquid-solid ratio to ensure that heavy metals in the fly ash enter the leaching solution to the maximum extent to obtain heavy metal leaching solution with recovery value, and leaching the next batch of fly ash by using residual solution after separating and recovering the heavy metals as leaching supplement solution; the residual heavy metal ions and the heavy metals which are not completely leached are removed from the fly ash after acid leaching by a sectional washing process, so that the leaching toxicity of the fly ash reaches the standard, and the fly ash is harmless.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer and a using method thereof, which aim to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of phosphate compounds, 2-5 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 1-3 parts of sulfydryl chelating agent, 1-3 parts of thiuram, 1-3 parts of modified sodium bentonite and 1-2 parts of blending agent;
the preparation method of the blending agent comprises the following steps: adding an acetone solution into a reaction kettle, then adding dodecyl glucoside, stirring at the rotation speed of 200-.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the phosphate compound is orthophosphate and condensed phosphate, and the weight ratio of the orthophosphate to the condensed phosphate is 3:1, mixing and preparing.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the orthophosphate is one or a composition of more of sodium phosphate tribasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the condensed phosphate is one or a composition of pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and metaphosphate.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the modified sodium bentonite comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of rice hull ash: placing the rice hull in a calcining furnace for calcining at the calcining temperature of 750-850 ℃ for 35-45min to obtain rice hull ash, then sending the rice hull ash, a dilute phosphoric acid solution and an iron chloride solution into a reaction kettle according to the weight ratio of 1 (3-6) to (1.5-2.5) for pressurizing and dispersing treatment, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain modified rice hull ash;
(2) pretreatment of sodium bentonite: firstly, feeding sodium bentonite into a metal quantum dot solution with the weight 10-15 times that of the sodium bentonite, stirring for 1-2 hours at the stirring speed of 120-160r/min, then sequentially adding lauryl calcium sulfate accounting for 10-20% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite and triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid accounting for 5-10% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite, then ultrasonically dispersing for 20-30 minutes, and then washing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the nano-composite material;
(3) compounding the modified rice hull ash with sodium bentonite: feeding the modified rice hull ash in the step one and the sodium bentonite in the step two into a material bin of a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam at the pressure of 1.1-1.5MPa for 60-120s, then decompressing, then feeding into a calcining furnace for calcining for 1-2h at the calcining temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, then adding deionized water, stirring at the pressure of 10-20MPa at the rotating speed of 200-300r/min for 1-2h, and then drying until the surface moisture content is 2-5%.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the condition of the pressure dispersion treatment in the modification of the rice hull ash in the step (1) is to keep the temperature of 55-65 ℃, stir for 35-45min at the rotating speed of 280r/min of 220-.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the metal quantum dot solution in the step (2) of the pretreatment of the sodium bentonite comprises the steps of adding hexamethylphosphoric triamide into a propanol solution with the concentration of 55-65%, then adding heavy metal salt, then adopting ultraviolet illumination for treatment for 2-10min, finishing the irradiation, and then adopting low rotation speed of 60-100r/min for stirring for 25-35 min.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the heavy metal is one or more of zinc, iron, cobalt, mercury and lead.
The invention also provides a use method of the garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing the phosphate compound, the light burned magnesium oxide, the mercapto chelating agent, the thiuram, the modified sodium bentonite, the leveling agent and the deionized water according to claim 1, stirring, adding the mixture into fly ash, stirring until the raw materials are fully mixed, then sending the mixture into a curing box for curing, and finishing the curing.
The invention further comprises the following steps: the curing treatment temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the curing time is 10-12 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the phosphate compound can react with heavy metal under certain pH condition to generate stable heavy metal mineral salt, the light-burned magnesium oxide has good pH buffering function and heavy metal adsorption capacity, so that the phosphate compound is cooperated to play a role in removing heavy metal in fly ash, the chelating agent has strong chelating capacity, the added modified sodium bentonite is compounded by rice hull ash and sodium bentonite, the specific surface area of the rice hull ash is large, a hole structure is formed after the special treatment of dilute phosphoric acid solution and ferric chloride solution, the surface activity of the sodium bentonite is greatly enhanced after the pretreatment, then the sodium bentonite and the modified rice hull ash are subjected to steam explosion treatment, and then the sodium bentonite enters the rice hull ash through the holes to form a composite material, when the heavy metal in the fly ash is treated, the sodium bentonite is continuously released from the rice hull ash, the fly ash composite rice hull ash can be used as an intermediate carrier to absorb fly ash solution, and a phosphate compound and light-burned magnesium oxide are cooperated to play a better heavy metal removing effect, and compared with the existing sodium bentonite, the sodium bentonite composite rice hull ash has the following advantages that: 1. sodium bentonite is added singly, sodium bentonite and fly ash are easy to saturate, so that the absorption efficiency is influenced, and the sodium bentonite can be continuously discharged in a compounding manner to achieve a lasting effect; 2. the rice hull ash has a high specific surface area, the loading amount of bentonite can be increased, so that the heavy metal removal effect can be improved, the homogenizing agent is added to play a homogenizing and dispersing adjusting effect, the raw materials are uniformly dispersed and mixed, so that the mutual coordination effect among the raw materials is improved, and in addition, the treatment cost is low, and the treatment efficiency is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of phosphate compounds, 2 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 1 part of sulfhydryl chelating agent, 1 part of thiuram, 1 part of modified sodium bentonite and 1 part of blending agent;
the preparation method of the homogenizing agent comprises the following steps: adding the acetone solution into a reaction kettle, then adding dodecyl glucoside, stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 35min, then adding trehalose, stirring at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 10min, finally adding chitosan, stirring at the rotating speed of 350r/min for 5min, and finally homogenizing under the condition of 5MPa for 60 min.
The phosphate compound of the embodiment is orthophosphate and condensed phosphate, and the weight ratio of orthophosphate to condensed phosphate is 3:1, mixing and preparing.
The orthophosphate salt of this example is trisodium phosphate.
The condensed phosphate of this example is pyrophosphate.
The preparation method of the modified sodium bentonite comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of rice hull ash: putting the rice hulls into a calcining furnace for calcining at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃ for 35min to obtain rice hull ash, then feeding the rice hull ash, a dilute phosphoric acid solution and a ferric chloride solution into a reaction kettle according to the weight ratio of 1:3:1.5 for pressurizing and dispersing uniformly, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain modified rice hull ash;
(2) pretreatment of sodium bentonite: firstly, feeding sodium bentonite into a metal quantum dot solution with the weight 10 times that of the sodium bentonite, stirring for 1 hour at the stirring speed of 120r/min, then sequentially adding lauryl calcium sulfate accounting for 10% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite and triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid accounting for 5% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite, then ultrasonically dispersing for 20 minutes, and then washing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the nano-composite material;
(3) compounding the modified rice hull ash with sodium bentonite: and (2) feeding the modified rice hull ash obtained in the step one and the sodium bentonite obtained in the step two into a material bin of a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam under the pressure of 1.1MPa for 60s, then decompressing, then feeding into a calcining furnace, calcining for 1h at the calcining temperature of 1000 ℃, adding deionized water, stirring for 1h at the rotating speed of 200r/min under the pressure of 10MPa, and then drying until the surface moisture content is 2%.
In the step (1) of the embodiment, the condition of the pressure dispersion treatment in the modification of the rice hull ash is to keep 55 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 35min at a rotating speed of 220r/min under a pressure of 2MPa, and then the mixture is continuously stirred for 60min at a rotating speed of 350 r/min.
In the step (2) of the preparation method of the metal quantum dot solution in the pretreatment of the sodium bentonite, hexamethylphosphoric triamide is added into a propanol solution with the concentration of 55%, then a heavy metal salt is added, then ultraviolet light is adopted for irradiation treatment for 2min, irradiation is finished, and then stirring is carried out for 25min at a low rotation speed of 600 r/min.
The heavy metal of this example is zinc.
The application method of the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the phosphate compound, the light burned magnesium oxide, the mercapto chelating agent, the thiuram, the modified sodium bentonite, the leveling agent and the deionized water according to claim 1, stirring, adding the mixture into fly ash, stirring until the raw materials are fully mixed, then sending the mixture into a curing box for curing, and finishing the curing.
The curing temperature in this example was 45 ℃ and the curing time was 10 hours.
Example 2:
the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of phosphate compounds, 5 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 3 parts of sulfhydryl chelating agent, 3 parts of thiuram, 3 parts of modified sodium bentonite and 2 parts of blending agent;
the preparation method of the homogenizing agent comprises the following steps: adding the acetone solution into a reaction kettle, then adding dodecyl glucoside, stirring for 45min at the rotating speed of 200r/min, then adding trehalose, stirring for 20min at the rotating speed of 300r/min, finally adding chitosan, stirring for 15min at the rotating speed of 450r/min, and finally homogenizing for 100min under the condition of 10 MPa.
The phosphate compound of the embodiment is orthophosphate and condensed phosphate, and the weight ratio of orthophosphate to condensed phosphate is 3:1, mixing and preparing.
The orthophosphate salt in this example is sodium hydrogen phosphate.
The condensed phosphate of this example is pyrophosphate.
The preparation method of the modified sodium bentonite comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of rice hull ash: putting the rice hulls into a calcining furnace for calcining at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃ for 35min to obtain rice hull ash, then feeding the rice hull ash, a dilute phosphoric acid solution and a ferric chloride solution into a reaction kettle according to the weight ratio of 1:6:2.5 for pressurizing and dispersing uniformly, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain modified rice hull ash;
(2) pretreatment of sodium bentonite: firstly, feeding sodium bentonite into a metal quantum dot solution with the weight 15 times that of the sodium bentonite, stirring for 2 hours at the stirring speed of 160r/min, then sequentially adding lauryl calcium sulfate accounting for 20% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite and triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid accounting for 10% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite, then ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes, and then washing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the nano-composite material;
(3) compounding the modified rice hull ash with sodium bentonite: and (2) feeding the modified rice hull ash obtained in the step one and the sodium bentonite obtained in the step two into a material bin of a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam under the pressure of 1.5MPa for 120s, then decompressing, then feeding into a calcining furnace for calcining for 2h at the calcining temperature of 1200 ℃, adding deionized water, stirring at the rotating speed of 300r/min under the pressure of 20MPa for 2h, and then drying until the surface moisture content is 5%.
In the step (1) of the embodiment, the condition of the pressure dispersion treatment in the modification of the rice hull ash is to keep 65 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 45min at the rotating speed of 280r/min under the condition of 5MPa of pressure, and then the mixture is continuously stirred for 100min at the rotating speed of 450 r/min.
In the step (2) of the preparation method of the metal quantum dot solution in the pretreatment of the sodium bentonite, hexamethylphosphoric triamide is added into a propanol solution with the concentration of 65%, then a heavy metal salt is added, then ultraviolet irradiation is adopted for 10min, irradiation is finished, and then stirring is carried out for 35min at a low rotation speed of 100 r/min.
The heavy metal of this example is iron.
The application method of the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the phosphate compound, the light burned magnesium oxide, the mercapto chelating agent, the thiuram, the modified sodium bentonite, the leveling agent and the deionized water according to claim 1, stirring, adding the mixture into fly ash, stirring until the raw materials are fully mixed, then sending the mixture into a curing box for curing, and finishing the curing.
The curing treatment temperature in this example was 55 ℃ and the curing time was 12 hours.
Example 3:
the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of phosphate compounds, 3.5 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 2 parts of mercapto chelating agent, 2 parts of thiuram, 2 parts of modified sodium bentonite and 1.5 parts of homogenizing agent;
the preparation method of the homogenizing agent comprises the following steps: adding the acetone solution into a reaction kettle, then adding dodecyl glucoside, stirring for 40min at the rotating speed of 150r/min, then adding trehalose, stirring for 15min at the rotating speed of 250r/min, finally adding chitosan, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 400r/min, and finally homogenizing for 80min under the condition of 7.5 MPa.
The phosphate compound of the embodiment is orthophosphate and condensed phosphate, and the weight ratio of orthophosphate to condensed phosphate is 3:1, mixing and preparing.
The orthophosphate salt in this example is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
The condensed phosphate of this example is a metaphosphate.
The preparation method of the modified sodium bentonite comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of rice hull ash: putting the rice hull into a calcining furnace for calcining at 800 ℃ for 40min to obtain rice hull ash, then feeding the rice hull ash, a dilute phosphoric acid solution and a ferric chloride solution into a reaction kettle according to the weight ratio of 1:4.5:2 for pressurizing and dispersing uniformly, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain modified rice hull ash;
(2) pretreatment of sodium bentonite: firstly, feeding sodium bentonite into a metal quantum dot solution with the weight being 12.5 times that of the sodium bentonite, stirring for 1.5 hours at the stirring speed of 140r/min, then sequentially adding lauryl calcium sulfate accounting for 15 percent of the total weight of the sodium bentonite and triethylhexylphosphoric acid accounting for 7.5 percent of the total weight of the sodium bentonite, then ultrasonically dispersing for 25 minutes, and then washing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the nano-composite material;
(3) compounding the modified rice hull ash with sodium bentonite: and (3) firstly feeding the modified rice hull ash obtained in the step one and the sodium bentonite obtained in the step two into a material bin of a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam under the pressure of 1.3MPa for 90s, then decompressing, then feeding into a calcining furnace for calcining for 1.5h at the calcining temperature of 1100 ℃, then adding deionized water, stirring at the rotating speed of 200 and 300r/min under the pressure of 15MPa for 1.5h, and then drying until the surface moisture content is 3.5%.
In the step (1) of the embodiment, the condition of the pressure dispersion treatment in the modification of the rice hull ash is to keep 60 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 40min at the rotating speed of 250r/min under the condition of 3.5MPa of pressure, and then the mixture is continuously stirred for 60-100min at the rotating speed of 400 r/min.
In the step (2) of the embodiment, the preparation method of the metal quantum dot solution in the pretreatment of the sodium bentonite includes adding hexamethylphosphoric triamide into a 60% propanol solution, then adding a heavy metal salt, then performing ultraviolet irradiation for 6min, ending the irradiation, and then stirring for 30min at a low rotation speed of 60-100 r/min.
The heavy metal of this example is lead.
The application method of the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the phosphate compound, the light burned magnesium oxide, the mercapto chelating agent, the thiuram, the modified sodium bentonite, the leveling agent and the deionized water according to claim 1, stirring, adding the mixture into fly ash, stirring until the raw materials are fully mixed, then sending the mixture into a curing box for curing, and finishing the curing.
The curing treatment temperature in this example was 50 ℃ and the curing time was 11 hours.
Comparative example 1:
the sodium bentonite is not modified.
Comparative example 2:
no leveling agent was added.
Comparative example 3:
chinese patent publication No. (CN108179277A) discloses a raw material and a method of example 1 in a fly ash treatment method with high salt and heavy metal content.
The detection method comprises the following steps: the heavy metal stabilizer prepared in example 3 and comparative examples 1-3 was used for experiment, and then stirred and maintained with garbage fly ash, and then the content of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg and Se in the fly ash was measured.
The test results were as follows:
from example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the present invention has no leveling agent added, sodium bentonite has not been modified, and the elution efficiency of heavy metal content is deteriorated, and chinese patent publication No. (CN108179277A) discloses that the dissolution rate of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg, and Se is also deteriorated in the raw material and method of example 1 in a fly ash treatment method with high salt and high heavy metal content, compared with the material of example 3.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The heavy metal stabilizer for the garbage fly ash is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of phosphate compounds, 2-5 parts of light-burned magnesium oxide, 1-3 parts of sulfydryl chelating agent, 1-3 parts of thiuram, 1-3 parts of modified sodium bentonite and 1-2 parts of blending agent;
the preparation method of the blending agent comprises the following steps: adding an acetone solution into a reaction kettle, then adding dodecyl glucoside, stirring at the rotating speed of 200-;
the preparation method of the modified sodium bentonite comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of rice hull ash: placing the rice hull in a calcining furnace for calcining at the calcining temperature of 750-850 ℃ for 35-45min to obtain rice hull ash, then sending the rice hull ash, a dilute phosphoric acid solution and an iron chloride solution into a reaction kettle according to the weight ratio of 1 (3-6) to (1.5-2.5) for pressurizing and dispersing treatment, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain modified rice hull ash;
(2) pretreatment of sodium bentonite: firstly, feeding sodium bentonite into a metal quantum dot solution with the weight 10-15 times that of the sodium bentonite, stirring for 1-2 hours at the stirring speed of 120-160r/min, then sequentially adding lauryl calcium sulfate accounting for 10-20% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite and triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid accounting for 5-10% of the total amount of the sodium bentonite, then ultrasonically dispersing for 20-30 minutes, and then washing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the nano-composite material;
(3) compounding the modified rice hull ash with sodium bentonite: feeding the modified rice hull ash in the step one and the sodium bentonite in the step two into a material bin of a steam explosion machine, introducing saturated steam at the pressure of 1.1-1.5MPa for 60-120s, then decompressing, then feeding into a calcining furnace for calcining for 1-2h at the calcining temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, then adding deionized water, stirring at the pressure of 10-20MPa at the rotating speed of 200-300r/min for 1-2h, and then drying until the surface moisture content is 2-5%.
2. The waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate compound is orthophosphate and condensed phosphate, and the weight ratio of the phosphate compound to the condensed phosphate is 3:1, mixing and preparing.
3. The waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer according to claim 2, wherein the orthophosphate is a combination of one or more of trisodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and disodium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. The waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer according to claim 2, wherein the condensed phosphate is a composition of one or more of pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and metaphosphate.
5. The waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condition of pressure dispersion treatment in the modification of the rice hull ash in the step (1) is to maintain 55-65 ℃, stir at the rotation speed of 280r/min for 35-45min under the pressure of 2-5MPa, and then continue stirring at the rotation speed of 450r/min for 60-100min, thus obtaining the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer.
6. The waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of pretreatment of the sodium bentonite, the metal quantum dot solution is prepared by adding hexamethylphosphoric triamide into a propanol solution with the concentration of 55-65%, then adding heavy metal salt, then treating for 2-10min by ultraviolet irradiation, finishing irradiation, and then stirring for 25-35min by using a low rotation speed of 60-100 r/min.
7. The waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer according to claim 6, wherein the heavy metal is a composition of one or more of zinc, iron, cobalt, mercury and lead.
8. The use method of the garbage fly ash heavy metal stabilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the phosphate compound, the light burned magnesium oxide, the mercapto chelating agent, the thiuram, the modified sodium bentonite, the leveling agent and the deionized water according to claim 1, stirring, adding the mixture into fly ash, stirring until the raw materials are fully mixed, then sending the mixture into a curing box for curing, and finishing the curing.
9. The use method of the waste fly ash heavy metal stabilizer according to claim 8, wherein the curing treatment temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the curing time is 10-12 h.
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| CN112871945A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-06-01 | 嘉兴沃特泰科环保科技股份有限公司 | Liquid chelating agent for life landfill standard and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107955626A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-24 | 北京本农科技发展有限公司 | The method of stabilizer, the preparation method of stabilizer and restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
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