CN110269730B - Vascular stent - Google Patents
Vascular stent Download PDFInfo
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- CN110269730B CN110269730B CN201910663099.6A CN201910663099A CN110269730B CN 110269730 B CN110269730 B CN 110269730B CN 201910663099 A CN201910663099 A CN 201910663099A CN 110269730 B CN110269730 B CN 110269730B
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- flexible
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- support
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- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 208000037803 restenosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010060965 Arterial stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000566 Platinum-iridium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZONODCCBXBRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Pt] ZONODCCBXBRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical class [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
Abstract
The invention provides a vascular stent, which comprises a stent proximal end, a stent main body and a stent distal end which are sequentially connected, wherein the stent main body is formed by alternately arranging a plurality of rows of open support units and a plurality of rows of open flexible units, each row of open support units and each row of open flexible units are connected into a whole in an end-to-end mode, the open support units are formed by connecting positive corrugated support ribs and negative corrugated support ribs, the open flexible units are formed by connecting positive corrugated flexible ribs and negative corrugated flexible ribs, and a preset number of open support units and a preset number of axially adjacent open flexible units are connected to form a composite closed loop. Two axially adjacent compound closed rings are connected through a connecting rib. The open support cells have a strength greater than the open flexible cells and a deformability less than the open flexible cells. The vascular stent has more moderate radial supporting force and anchoring force, and reduces excessive extrusion of narrow plaques; meanwhile, the adhesive has better flexibility and laminating performance, and poor adhesion is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of medical devices, and more particularly to a vascular stent implantable in an intracranial vessel for treating a disease such as symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis.
Background
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke, and is well developed in non-caucasians such as asian, african, spanish, and the like. The medicine treatment of intracranial arterial stenosis mainly comprises anticoagulation, platelet aggregation resistance and acute thrombolysis. Antiplatelet aggregation and anticoagulation are classical treatments for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis, but stroke recurrence rates are still high. The traditional operation treatment is mainly limited to the external cranium section of the common carotid artery or the internal carotid artery, and the main operation modes are carotid endarterectomy, carotid external artery-internal carotid artery bypass, and the like.
With advances in instrumentation and increased experience of neuro-interviewees, the risk of endovascular treatment has been greatly reduced, and stenting has become one of the important treatments for symptomatic intracranial arteriosclerotic stenosis. Compared with extracranial arteries, intracranial arteries have the specificity of their structural morphology: first, intracranial artery travel tortuosity, especially severe atherosclerosis vessels; secondly, the intracranial artery blood vessel wall is thinner and lacks elasticity; thirdly, in cerebrospinal fluid of the subarachnoid space, surrounding tissues are not wrapped and supported; fourthly, the intracranial artery emits a plurality of penetrating branch arteries to supply deep brain parenchyma, and most of the penetrating branch arteries are terminal arteries, and the collateral circulation is imperfect.
The intracranial stents currently used in the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis have a high risk of complications. The main reasons are as follows: firstly, the radial supporting force of the current intracranial stent is too large, the stent extrudes a narrow plaque to form a snow plow effect, so that plaque fragments block branch blood vessels to cause infarction, and secondly, the compliance is poor and the chronic external expansion tension is small, so that poor adhesion is caused, and restenosis is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vascular stent, which solves the problems that the radial supporting force of the existing vascular stent is too large and is easy to squeeze a narrow plaque, so that plaque fragments block a branch vessel to cause infarction; and solves the problems of poor compliance and low chronic external expansion force of the existing vascular stent, which easily causes poor adhesion and restenosis.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a vascular stent, which comprises a stent distal end, a stent proximal end and a stent main body. The distal end of the bracket is formed by connecting a plurality of rows of closed-loop grids, and one end of the distal end of the bracket is provided with an outward-expanding horn mouth. The stent body is integrally connected between the distal end of the stent and the proximal end of the stent, so that the whole vascular stent forms a tube shape, the stent body is formed by alternately arranging a plurality of rows of open support units and a plurality of rows of open flexible units, each row of open support units and each row of open flexible units are connected into a whole end to end, the open support units are formed by connecting positive ripple support ribs and negative ripple support ribs, the open flexible units are formed by connecting positive ripple flexible ribs and negative ripple flexible ribs, and a preset number of open support units and a preset number of axially adjacent open flexible units are connected through two first connecting points to form a compound closed loop. The stent main body further comprises connecting ribs, and two adjacent composite closed rings along the axial direction of the vascular stent are connected through the connecting ribs. The positive ripple support ribs and the negative ripple support ribs are wider than the positive ripple flexible ribs and the negative ripple flexible ribs, so that the strength of the open support unit is larger than that of the open support unit, and the deformability of the open support unit is larger than that of the open support unit. The included angle formed by the positive ripple support rib and the negative ripple support rib of the same open support unit is larger than the included angle formed by the positive ripple flexible rib and the negative ripple flexible rib of the same open flexible unit.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the composite closed loop is a closed loop formed by connecting two open support units and three open flexible units, wherein the two open support units are respectively marked as a first open support unit and a second open support unit in sequence, the three open flexible units are respectively marked as a first open flexible unit, a second open flexible unit and a third open flexible unit in sequence, the positive ripple support rib and the negative ripple support rib of each of the first open support unit and the second open support unit are connected through a second connection point, and the positive ripple flexible rib and the negative ripple flexible rib of each of the second open flexible unit are connected through a third connection point; the connecting rib is connected with the second connecting point of the first open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connecting point of the second flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring, or the connecting rib is connected with the second connecting point of the second open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connecting point of the second flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the composite closed loop is a closed loop formed by connecting three open support units and four open flexible units, the three open support units are sequentially and respectively denoted as a first open support unit, a second open support unit and a third open support unit, and the four open flexible units are sequentially and respectively denoted as a first open flexible unit, a second open flexible unit, a third open flexible unit and a fourth open flexible unit, wherein a positive ripple support rib and a negative ripple support rib of the second open support unit are connected through a second connection point, and a positive ripple flexible rib and a negative ripple flexible rib of each of the second open flexible unit and the third open flexible support unit are connected through a third connection point; the connecting rib is connected with the second connecting point of the second open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connecting point of the second flexible supporting unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring, or the connecting rib is connected with the second connecting point of the second open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connecting point of the third open flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the composite closed loop is a closed loop formed by connecting three open support units and five open flexible units, the three open support units are sequentially and respectively denoted as a first open support unit, a second open support unit and a third open support unit, the five open flexible units are sequentially and respectively denoted as a first open flexible unit, a second open flexible unit, a third open flexible unit, a fourth open flexible unit and a fifth open flexible unit, a positive ripple support rib and a negative ripple support rib of the second open support unit are connected through a second connection point, a positive ripple flexible rib and a negative ripple flexible rib of the third open flexible unit are connected through a third connection point, and the connection rib is connected with the second connection point of the second open support unit of one of the composite closed loops and the third connection point of the axially adjacent composite closed loop.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the connecting rib is one of a straight shape, an omega shape or an S shape.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positive corrugated supporting rib and the negative corrugated supporting rib of the open supporting unit have the same rib width W1, and the positive corrugated flexible rib and the negative corrugated flexible rib of the open flexible unit have the same rib width W2, and the rib width W1 is 1.2 to 2.5 times the rib width W2. The included angle formed by the side wall of the distal end of the bracket at the horn mouth position and the central axis of the vascular bracket is 10-30 degrees.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the proximal end of the stent is formed by connecting a plurality of rows of closed loop grids, and one end of the proximal end of the stent is provided with an outward-expanding bell mouth.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the proximal end of the stent comprises a bevel reticulate section, a connecting rod, at least one row of closed-loop grids and a developing sleeve, the closed-loop grids at the proximal end of the stent are connected with the stent body, the bevel reticulate section is connected with the closed-loop grids at the proximal end of the stent, the bevel reticulate section forms a funnel shape inclined towards the side wall of one side of the whole vascular stent and forms a tip connecting point at the tail end of the vascular stent, the connecting rod is connected with the tip connecting point, the tail end of the connecting rod is provided with a round hole, the round hole of the connecting rod is used for sleeving a connecting ball at one end of a conveying wire, the developing sleeve is sleeved at the position of the round hole of the connecting rod, the vascular stent comprises a plurality of developing rings, one part of the developing rings are arranged on connecting ribs, and the other part of the developing rings are arranged at the horn mouth position at the distal end of the stent; after the vascular stent is completely released, the vascular stent is separated from the conveying wire in an electrolytic stripping mode.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material used for the vascular stent is one of nickel-titanium alloy, cobalt-based alloy or stainless steel, and the material of the developing ring is one of platinum-tungsten alloy, platinum-iridium alloy or pure tantalum.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the included angle formed by the positive ripple supporting ribs and the negative ripple supporting ribs of the same open supporting unit is 45-90 degrees, and the included angle formed by the positive ripple flexible ribs and the negative ripple flexible ribs of the same open flexible unit is 30-70 degrees.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the ratio X of the number of composite closed loops to the diameter value of the stent in the circumferential direction of the predetermined position of the stent is 0.5-2, wherein the diameter value of the stent is calculated in millimeters.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the ratio X of the number of composite closure rings to the diameter value of the stent is 1 in the circumferential direction of the predetermined position of the stent.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
the invention adopts a support main body which is formed by alternately arranging and connecting a plurality of rows of open supporting units and a plurality of rows of open flexible units in sequence and is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the strength of the open supporting units is larger than that of the open flexible units, the deformation capacity of the open flexible units is larger than that of the open supporting units, the open supporting units are relatively rigid to provide radial supporting force, and the open flexible units are relatively soft to keep good flexibility and fit. The unique design ensures that the vascular stent obtains more moderate radial supporting force and more excellent anchoring force through the open supporting unit, can reduce excessive extrusion of narrow plaque and avoid blockage of branch blood vessels by fragments caused by plaque fracture; meanwhile, the vascular stent obtains better flexibility and laminating property through the open flexible unit, the effect of the vascular stent scaffold is improved, gaps between the vascular stent and the vascular wall in a bent blood vessel are avoided, and the probability of restenosis is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a stent according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of a stent according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a state where the stent is virtually spread out;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of a vascular stent of a first embodiment provided by the present invention, showing the structure of an open support unit and the structure of an open flexible unit;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of a stent of a first embodiment of the present invention showing the structure of the open support element, the structure of the open flexible element, one structure of the connecting ribs and the manner of interconnection therebetween;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the proximal end of a stent of a first embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a variant of the connecting rib of the stent;
FIG. 7 shows another variant of the connection rib of the stent;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of a second embodiment of a vascular stent provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of a third embodiment of a vascular stent provided by the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a stent according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view showing a structure of a stent according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention in a state where the stent is virtually spread out.
Reference numerals: 10. a distal end of the stent; 11. a closed loop grid; 101. a horn mouth; 111. forward ripple; 112. negative ripple; alpha, included angle; l1, the length of the distal end of the bracket; 20. a holder main body; 21. an open support unit; 211. positive ripple support ribs; 212. inverse ripple support ribs; 213. a second connection point; 214. a second connection point; w1, rib widths of the positive ripple support ribs and the negative ripple support ribs; 22. an open flexible unit; 221. positive corrugated flexible ribs; 222. inverse ripple flexible rib; 223. a third connection point; w2, the rib widths of the positive ripple flexible ribs and the negative ripple flexible ribs; 23. a first connection point; 24. a connecting rib; l2, the length of the bracket main body; 30. a distal end of the stent; 31. a closed loop grid; 32. a bezel screen section; 33. a connecting rod; 3301. a round hole; 34. a developing sleeve; l3, the length of the proximal end of the bracket; 40. a composite sealing ring; 50. a developing ring; 60. conveying the wires; 61. a connecting ball; 71. a first open support unit; 72. a second open supporting unit; 81. a first open flexible unit; 82. a second open flexible unit; 83. a third open flexible unit; 40A, a composite sealing ring; 23A, a first connection point; 211A, positive ripple support ribs; 212A, anti-ripple support ribs; 213A, a second connection point; 221A, positive corrugation flexible ribs; 222A, anti-ripple flexible ribs; 223A, a third connection point; 71A, a first open support unit; 72A, a second open support unit; 73A, a third open support unit; 81A, a first open flexible unit; 82A, a second open flexible unit; 83A, a third open flexible unit; 84A, fourth opening flexible unit; 40B, a composite closed loop; 23B, a first connection point; 211B, positive ripple support ribs; 212B, anti-ripple support ribs; 213B, a second connection point; 221B, positive corrugation compliant ribs; 222B, anti-ripple flexible ribs; 223B, third connection point; 71B, a first open support unit; 72B, a second open support unit; 73B, a third open-support unit; 81B, a first open flexible unit; 82B, a second open flexible unit; 83B, a third open flexible unit; 84B, a fourth opening flexible unit; 85B, a fifth open flexible rib; 30C, proximal end of stent; 31C, a closed loop grid; 311C, forward ripple; 312C, negative ripple; 301C, flare.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention and is provided only to enable the invention. The embodiments in the following description are by way of example only and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a vascular stent, in particular, a vascular stent for intracranial vascular treatment. For example, the vascular stent may treat vascular diseases such as symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. The vascular stent includes a stent distal end 10, a stent body 20, and a stent proximal end 30. The vascular stent is formed by carving a metal pipe, and the wall of the metal pipe forms a plurality of hollow grids. The distal end 10, the main body 20 and the proximal end 30 of the stent are sequentially and integrally distributed along the axial direction of the metal tube, and a channel is formed in the whole vascular stent. The proximal end 30 of the stent is the end that is proximal to the delivery wire (i.e., proximal to the operative end) when delivered into the vessel, and also corresponds to the proximal end of the vessel; whereas the distal end 10 of the stent is intended to be the end remote from the delivery wire (i.e. remote from the operative end) when delivered into the vessel, and also corresponds to the distal end of the vessel.
As shown in fig. 1, the distal end 10 of the stent is formed by connecting a plurality of rows (e.g., 2 to 5 rows) of closed-loop meshes 11, one end of the distal end 10 of the stent has a flared bell mouth 101, and the other end of the distal end 10 of the stent is integrally connected with the stent body 20. The diameter of the distal end 10 varies from location to location, and the diameter of the flare 101 is smaller at locations closer to the distal end 10 and smaller at locations closer to the main body 20. Alternatively, the closed-loop mesh 11 is a closed-loop mesh in the shape of a diamond. In other embodiments, the closed loop mesh 11 may be a mesh of other shapes, such as a regular polygon. The included angle alpha formed by the side wall of the distal end 10 of the bracket at the position of the horn mouth 101 and the central axis of the vascular bracket is 10-30 degrees; this allows a good and stable anchoring of the distal stent end 10 within the vessel, which vessel stent can maintain the stability of the support pushed in the catheter during release, avoiding displacement. Closed loop mesh 11 is connected by positive going corrugations 111 and negative going corrugations 112. The number of each row of closed loop grids 11 in the circumferential direction is 5-20. The length L1 of the distal end 10 of the stent is 15% of the total length L of the vascular stent.
The stent body 20 is integrally connected between the stent distal end 10 and the stent proximal end 30 so that the entire vascular stent is formed in a tubular shape. The stent body 20 is a portion that mainly supports a stenosed site of a blood vessel after the blood vessel stent is implanted in the blood vessel. The bracket main body 20 is a hollow cylindrical body and is formed by alternately arranging a plurality of rows of open supporting units 21 and a plurality of rows of open flexible units 22, and each row of open supporting units 21 and each row of open flexible units 22 are connected into a whole in an end-to-end manner.
The open support unit 21 is formed by connecting positive corrugated support ribs 211 and negative corrugated support ribs 212. The open flexible unit 22 is formed by connecting positive corrugated flexible ribs 221 and negative corrugated flexible ribs 222. The predetermined number of open-support cells 21 and the axially adjacent predetermined number of open-flexible cells 22 are connected by two first connection points 23 and form a composite closed loop 40. The stent body 20 further comprises a connecting rib 24, and two adjacent composite closed rings 40 along the axial direction of the vascular stent are connected by the connecting rib 24. "axial" means along the length of the stent.
Wherein "positive corrugation" and "negative corrugation" in the positive corrugation supporting rib 211 and the negative corrugation supporting rib 212 mean: the positive corrugation supporting rib 211 and the negative corrugation supporting rib 212 are corrugated and have opposite bending directions. For the same open support unit 21, the positive corrugation supporting ribs 211 and the negative corrugation supporting ribs 212 are symmetrical about the center line of the two. Similarly, "positive corrugation" and "negative corrugation" in the positive corrugated flexible bead 221 and the negative corrugated flexible bead 222 mean: the positive corrugated flexible rib 221 and the negative corrugated flexible rib 212 are corrugated and have opposite bending directions. For the same open flexible unit 22, the positive corrugated flexible ribs 221 and the negative corrugated flexible ribs 222 are symmetrical about the midline of the two.
The rib widths of the positive and negative corrugated supporting ribs 211 and 212 are larger than those of the positive and negative corrugated flexible ribs 221 and 222, so that the strength of the open supporting unit 21 is larger than that of the open supporting unit 22, and the deformation performance of the open supporting unit 22 is larger than that of the open supporting unit 21. The open support unit 21 provides the stent with moderate radial support force and good anchoring force, reduces excessive extrusion of the stenotic plaque, and avoids blockage of the branch vessel by plaque fragments. The open flexible cells 22 allow for good flexibility of the stent, avoiding gaps from the vessel in the curved vessel, and reducing the probability of restenosis. The ratio X of the number of composite closure rings 40 to the diameter value D (mm) of the stent calculated in millimeters in the circumferential direction of the predetermined position of the stent is 0.5 to 2.
Preferably, the ratio X of the number of composite closure rings 40 to the diameter value D (mm) of the stent in the circumferential direction of the predetermined position of the stent is 1.
The included angle θ1 formed by the positive corrugation supporting rib 211 and the negative corrugation supporting rib 212 of the same open supporting unit 21 is larger than the included angle θ2 formed by the positive corrugation flexible rib 221 and the negative corrugation flexible rib 222 of the same open flexible unit 22, so that the open supporting unit 21 provides a large radial supporting strength, and the open flexible unit 22 provides better compliance. Preferably, the included angle θ1 formed by the positive corrugation supporting rib 211 and the negative corrugation supporting rib 212 of the same open supporting unit 21 is in the range of 45 ° to 90 °; the included angle θ2 formed by the positive corrugated flexible ribs 221 and the negative corrugated flexible ribs 222 of the same open flexible unit 22 ranges from 430 ° to 70 °.
In the first embodiment, each row comprises 8 open support units 21. Each row comprises 12 open flexible units. The composite closed loop 40 is a closed loop formed by two open-support units 21 and three open-flexible units 22 connected by two first connection points 23. The number ratio of the open support units 21 to the open flexible units 22 of the composite closed ring 40 is 2:3, and the connecting ribs 24 are in a straight shape. As shown in fig. 4, the two open support units are sequentially denoted as a first open support unit 71 and a second open support unit 72, respectively. The three open flexible units are in turn denoted as a first open flexible unit 81, a second open flexible unit 82 and a third open flexible unit 83, respectively. The positive and negative corrugation supporting ribs 211 and 212 of the first open supporting unit 71 are connected through the second connection point 213. The positive and negative corrugation supporting ribs 211 and 212 of the second open supporting unit 72 are connected through a second connection point 214. The positive corrugated flexible ribs 221 and the negative corrugated flexible ribs 222 of the second open flexible unit 82 are connected by a third connection point 223. The connecting rib 24 connects the third connection point 223 of the second open flexible unit 82 of one of the composite closed loops 40 with the second connection point 213 of the first open support unit 71 of the axially adjacent other composite closed loop. In other embodiments, the connecting bar 24 may also connect the third connection point 223 of the second open flexible unit 82 of one of the composite closed loops with the second connection point 214 of the second open support unit 72 of the axially adjacent other composite closed loop.
In the first embodiment, the positive and negative corrugated supporting ribs 211 and 212 have the same rib width W1, the positive and negative corrugated flexible ribs 221 and 222 have the same rib width W2, and the rib width W1 is 1.2 to 2.5 times the rib width W2. The number of the compound closed rings 40 is 2-10 along the circumferential direction of the vascular stent; the number of the compound closed rings 40 is 1-15 along the axial direction of the vascular stent. The length L2 of the stent body 20 is 65% of the total length L of the vascular stent.
The proximal end 30 of the stent is hollow and funnel-shaped and comprises at least one row of closed-loop grids 31, a diagonal mesh section 32, a connecting rod 33 and a developing sleeve 34. The closed-loop meshes 31 are circumferentially arranged, and the closed-loop meshes 31 are diamond-shaped closed-loop meshes and are consistent with the shape of the closed-loop meshes 11 of the distal end 10 of the stent. The stent proximal end 30 has 12 closed loop meshes 32. The closed loop mesh 32 of the proximal end 30 of the stent is engaged to the stent body 20 to provide a stable and effective push support. The beveled reticulation section 32 engages the closed loop mesh 31 of the proximal end 30 of the stent to ensure complete recovery and re-deployment into the protective sheath. The diagonal screen section 32 forms a funnel shape inclined toward the side wall of the entire stent side and forms a tip connection point at its own end. The connecting rod 33 is connected to the point of the tip connection of the diagonal screen section 32. The end of the connecting rod 33 has a circular hole 3301. One end of the delivery wire 60 has a connection ball 61. The connecting ball 61 on the delivery wire 60 is sleeved into the round hole of the connecting rod 33, and the connecting rod 33 and the connecting ball 61 are together arranged in the developing sleeve 34, so that the connection of the vascular stent and the delivery wire 60 is realized. That is, the circular hole 3301 of the connection rod 33 is used to fit over the connection ball 61 at one end of the transmission wire 60, and the developing sleeve 34 is fitted over the circular hole 3301 of the connection rod 33. Optionally, the length L3 of the proximal stent end 30 is 20% of the total vascular stent length L.
The vascular stent is made of one of nickel-titanium alloy, cobalt-base alloy or stainless steel. The stent is separated from the delivery wire 60 by electrolytic detachment after complete release. The delivery wire 60 is led into a tiny constant current, and the release point is slowly electrolyzed and fused in a blood medium, so that the separation of the vascular stent and the delivery wire 60 is realized.
The vascular stent further comprises a plurality of developing rings 50, wherein the developing rings 50 are used for displaying the opening effect of the vascular stent in the blood vessel and accurately positioning the position of the vascular stent in the blood vessel. A part of the developing ring 50 is arranged on the connecting rib 24 connecting the axially adjacent open support unit 21 and open flexible unit 22, so that the stent main body 20 which plays a main supporting role is accurately aligned with the narrow plaque position of the blood vessel during implantation; a further portion of the visualization ring 50 is arranged at the distal end 10 of the stent at the location of the flare 101 in order to determine the edge position of the vascular stent. In the present embodiment, the 8 developing rings 50 are distributed in a row of four on the frame body 20. By providing the developing ring, it is possible to accurately align and cover the lesion or plaque stenosis of the blood vessel by the positioning action of the developing ring when the stent is delivered into the blood vessel. The material of the developing ring 50 is one of platinum tungsten alloy, platinum iridium alloy or pure tantalum.
It should be noted that, the maximum diameter of the distal end 10 of the stent of the vascular stent of the present invention is 1 mm-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the stent main body 20, so that the distal end 10 of the stent can also closely adhere to the vascular wall, the vascular stent is prevented from shifting under the impact of blood flow, and the stability of the vascular stent is enhanced.
The existing vascular stent has the problem that radial supporting force is too large to cause extrusion on a narrow plaque, so that plaque fragments block branch blood vessels, and further the infarction is caused. Another problem is poor compliance and low chronic external expansion force, resulting in poor adhesion and susceptibility to restenosis. The novel intravascular stent provided by the invention can well solve two problems existing in the existing intravascular stent, and can simultaneously consider the supporting force, the compliance and the fitting property, so that the performance is optimized.
Fig. 6 shows another variant of the connecting rib 24 of the vascular stent. As shown in fig. 6, the connecting rib 24 connecting two adjacent composite closure rings 40 along the axial direction of the stent is omega-shaped.
Fig. 7 shows a further variant of the connecting rib 24 of the vascular stent. As shown in fig. 7, the connecting rib 24 connecting two adjacent composite closed loops 40 along the axial direction of the stent is S-shaped.
As shown in fig. 8, the stent of the second embodiment of the present invention has a structure substantially identical to that of the first embodiment, except that the composite closed loop 40A is a closed loop formed by connecting three open support units and four open flexible units through two first connection points 23A. In this embodiment, the number ratio of open support cells to open flexible cells of the composite closed loop 40A is 3:4. The three open support units are sequentially denoted as a first open support unit 71A, a second open support unit 72A, and a third open support unit 73A, respectively. The four open flexible units are in turn denoted as a first open flexible unit 81A, a second open flexible unit 82A, a third open flexible unit 83A, and a fourth open flexible unit 84A, respectively. The positive and negative corrugated support ribs 211A and 212A of the second open support unit 72A (i.e., the open support unit in which the composite closed loop 40A is located at the intermediate position) are connected by the second connection point 213A. The positive corrugated flexible rib 221A and the negative corrugated flexible rib 222A of the second open flexible unit 82A are connected by a third connection point 223A, and the positive corrugated flexible rib 221A and the negative corrugated flexible rib 222A of the third open flexible unit 83A are connected by a third connection point 224A. The connecting rib 24A connects the third connection point 223A of the second open-flexible unit 82A of one of the composite closed loops 40A with the second connection point 213A of the second open-support unit 72A of the axially adjacent other composite closed loop 40A. In other embodiments, the connecting rib 24A may also connect the third connection point 224A of the third open flexible unit 83A of one of the composite closed loops 40A with the second connection point 213A of the second open support unit 72A of the axially adjacent other composite closed loop 40A.
As shown in fig. 9, the stent according to the third embodiment of the present invention has a structure substantially identical to that of the first embodiment, except that the composite closed loop 40B is a closed loop formed by connecting three open support units and five open flexible units through two first connection points 23B. In this embodiment, the number ratio of open support cells to open flexible cells of the composite closed loop 40B is 3:5. The three open support units are sequentially denoted as a first open support unit 71B, a second open support unit 72B, and a third open support unit 73B, respectively. The five open flexible units are in turn denoted as a first open flexible unit 81B, a second open flexible unit 82B, a third open flexible unit 83B, a fourth open flexible unit 84B, and a fifth open flexible unit 85B, respectively. The positive and negative corrugated support ribs 211B and 212B of the second open support unit 72B (i.e., the open support unit in which the composite closed loop 40B is located at the intermediate position) are connected by the second connection point 213B. The positive corrugated flexible rib 221B and the negative corrugated flexible rib 222B of the third open flexible unit 83B are connected by a third connection point 223B. The connecting rib 24B connects the third connection point 223B of the third open flexible unit 83B of one of the composite closed loops 40B and the second connection point 213B of the second open support unit 72B of the axially adjacent other composite closed loop 40B.
In the above three embodiments provided by the present invention, the number of the open supporting units and the number of the open flexible units of the composite closed loop may be other values, and the ratio of the numbers of the open supporting units and the open flexible units of the composite closed loop may be other ratios.
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth embodiment of the present invention of the vascular stent having a structure substantially identical to that of the first embodiment except for a proximal stent end 30C. In accordance with the structure of the distal stent end 10, the proximal stent end 30C is also formed by connecting a plurality of rows (e.g., 2-5 rows) of closed-loop meshes 31C, one end of the proximal stent end 30C has a flared flare 301C, and the other end of the proximal stent end 30C is integrally connected to the stent body 20. The diameter of the proximal stent end 30C varies from location to location, with the diameter of the flare 301C being larger closer to the proximal stent end 30C and smaller closer to the stent body 20. Optionally, the closed-loop mesh 31C is a closed mesh in the shape of a diamond. In other embodiments, the closed-loop mesh 31C may be a mesh of other shapes, such as a regular polygon. The closed loop mesh 31C is connected by positive going corrugations 311C and negative going corrugations 312C. The number of closed-loop meshes 31C in each row is 5 to 20 in the circumferential direction.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention described above and shown in the drawings are by way of example only and are not limiting. The objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples and embodiments of the invention are susceptible to any variations and modifications without departing from the principles.
Claims (8)
1. A vascular stent, comprising:
a proximal end of the stent;
the far end of the bracket is formed by connecting a plurality of rows of closed-loop grids, and one end of the far end of the bracket is provided with an outward-expanding horn mouth;
the stent body is integrally connected between the distal end of the stent and the proximal end of the stent, so that the whole vascular stent forms a tube shape, the stent body is formed by alternately arranging a plurality of rows of open support units and a plurality of rows of open flexible units, each row of open support units and each row of open flexible units are connected into a whole end to end, the open support units are formed by connecting positive ripple support ribs and negative ripple support ribs, the open flexible units are formed by connecting positive ripple flexible ribs and negative ripple flexible ribs, and a preset number of open support units and a preset number of axially adjacent open flexible units are connected through two first connecting points and form a compound closed loop; the stent main body further comprises connecting ribs, and two adjacent composite closed rings along the axial direction of the vascular stent are connected through the connecting ribs; wherein the rib widths of the positive corrugation supporting ribs and the negative corrugation supporting ribs are larger than the positive corrugation flexible ribs and the negative corrugation flexible ribs, so that the strength of the open supporting unit is larger than that of the open supporting unit, and the deformability of the open supporting unit is larger than that of the open supporting unit; the included angle formed by the positive ripple support ribs and the negative ripple support ribs of the same open support unit is larger than the included angle formed by the positive ripple flexible ribs and the negative ripple flexible ribs of the same open flexible unit;
the positive ripple support ribs and the negative ripple support ribs of the open support unit have the same rib width W1, the positive ripple flexible ribs and the negative ripple flexible ribs of the open flexible unit have the same rib width W2, and the rib width W1 is 1.2 to 2.5 times of the rib width W2;
the included angle formed by the positive ripple support ribs and the negative ripple support ribs of the same open support unit ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees, and the included angle formed by the positive ripple flexible ribs and the negative ripple flexible ribs of the same open flexible unit ranges from 30 degrees to 70 degrees;
in the circumferential direction of the preset position of the vascular stent, the ratio X of the number of the composite closed rings to the diameter value of the vascular stent is 0.5-2, wherein the diameter value of the vascular stent is calculated in millimeter units.
2. The vascular stent according to claim 1, wherein the composite closed loop is a closed loop formed by connecting two open support units and three open flexible units, the two open support units are respectively marked as a first open support unit and a second open support unit in turn, the three open flexible units are respectively marked as a first open flexible unit, a second open flexible unit and a third open flexible unit in turn, the positive ripple support rib and the negative ripple support rib of each of the first open support unit and the second open support unit are connected through a second connection point, and the positive ripple flexible rib and the negative ripple flexible rib of each of the second open flexible unit are connected through a third connection point; the connecting rib is connected with the second connection point of the first open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connection point of the second flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring, or the connecting rib is connected with the second connection point of the second open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connection point of the second flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring.
3. The vascular stent according to claim 1, wherein the composite closed loop is a closed loop formed by connecting three open support units and four open flexible units, the three open support units are respectively marked as a first open support unit, a second open support unit and a third open support unit in turn, the four open flexible units are respectively marked as a first open flexible unit, a second open flexible unit, a third open flexible unit and a fourth open flexible unit in turn, the positive corrugated support rib and the negative corrugated support rib of the second open support unit are connected through a second connection point, and the positive corrugated flexible rib and the negative corrugated flexible rib of each of the second open flexible unit and the third open flexible support unit are connected through a third connection point; the connecting rib is connected with the second connection point of the second open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connection point of the second open flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring, or the connecting rib is connected with the second connection point of the second supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connection point of the third open flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring.
4. The vascular stent according to claim 1, wherein the composite closed loop is a closed loop formed by connecting three open support units and five open flexible units, the three open support units are respectively marked as a first open support unit, a second open support unit and a third open support unit in sequence, the five open flexible units are respectively marked as a first open flexible unit, a second open flexible unit, a third open flexible unit, a fourth open flexible unit and a fifth open flexible unit in sequence, the positive ripple support rib and the negative ripple support rib of the second open support unit are connected through a second connection point, and the positive ripple flexible rib and the negative ripple flexible rib of the third open flexible unit are connected through a third connection point; the connecting ribs are connected with the second connecting point of the second open supporting unit of one of the compound closed rings and the third connecting point of the third open flexible unit of the axially adjacent compound closed ring.
5. The vascular stent of any of claims 1-4, wherein the connecting ribs are one of a straight, omega-shaped, or S-shaped.
6. The stent of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the sidewall of the distal end of the stent at the flare location and the central axis of the stent form an angle of 10 ° to 30 °.
7. The stent of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the proximal end of the stent is formed by a plurality of rows of closed loop mesh connections, and wherein one end of the proximal end of the stent has a flared flare.
8. The stent of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the proximal end of the stent comprises a diagonal mesh section, a connecting rod, at least one row of closed loop mesh, and a developing sleeve, the closed loop mesh of the proximal end of the stent is joined to the stent body, the diagonal mesh section is joined to the closed loop mesh of the proximal end of the stent, the diagonal mesh section forms a funnel shape inclined toward a side wall of the entire stent and forms a tip connection point at a distal end thereof, the connecting rod is connected to the tip connection point, the distal end of the connecting rod has a circular hole, the circular hole of the connecting rod is used for covering a connection ball at one end of a delivery wire, and the developing sleeve is sleeved at a position where the circular hole of the connecting rod is located; the vascular stent comprises a plurality of developing rings, wherein a part of the developing rings are arranged on the connecting ribs, and the other part of the developing rings are arranged at the horn mouth positions at the distal end of the stent; after the vascular stent is completely released, the vascular stent is separated from the conveying wire in an electrolytic stripping mode.
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| WO2021244330A1 (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2021-12-09 | 杭州德诺脑神经医疗科技有限公司 | Thrombus removing stent and thrombus removing system |
| CN112022461B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2023-11-24 | 北京美迪微科技有限责任公司 | Be applied to vascular support of carotid artery |
| CN112535560B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-01-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Super-soft smooth nickel-titanium alloy intracranial intravascular stent with micro-nano structure |
| CN114191021A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-18 | 北京久事神康医疗科技有限公司 | Aneurysm auxiliary stent |
| CN114451947A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-10 | 北京久事神康医疗科技有限公司 | Aneurysm auxiliary stent |
| CN116672021A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-09-01 | 上海励楷科技有限公司 | Support frame |
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