CN110268082A - Spheroidal graphite cast-iron article, corresponding component and corresponding manufacturing method - Google Patents
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron article, corresponding component and corresponding manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110268082A CN110268082A CN201780078472.0A CN201780078472A CN110268082A CN 110268082 A CN110268082 A CN 110268082A CN 201780078472 A CN201780078472 A CN 201780078472A CN 110268082 A CN110268082 A CN 110268082A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
- B22D13/023—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis the longitudinal axis being horizontal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Abstract
This article (16) is made of spheroidal graphite cast-iron, and spheroidal graphite cast-iron includes the following element in terms of weight %: carbon (C), is less than or equal to 3.65%；Silicon (Si), between 3.3% to 3.7%.Optionally, cast iron includes: phosphorus (P), and≤0.1%；And/or manganese (Mn) ,≤0.6%；And/or chromium (Cr) ,≤0.2%；And/or titanium (Ti) ,≤0.15%；And/or sulphur (S)≤0.05%；And/or magnesium (Mg), it include 0.005% and 0.07% between 0.005% to 0.07%；And/or copper (Cu)≤0.3%；And/or nickel (Ni)≤0.4%；And/or molybdenum (Mo)≤0.02%；And/or aluminium (Al)≤0.02%；And/or vanadium (V)≤0.04%；Remainder is the inevitable relict element of iron (Fe) and content less than 0.01%.Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the carbon equivalent C less than or equal to 4.75%EQ+ 1/3 P (%) of+1/3 Si (%) of=C (%).Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the resilience (E) more than or equal to 9.49J.Applied to the road pipe portion Jian Huo circuit unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the spheroidal graphite cast-iron articles that one kind manufactures in a mold.
Background technique
Current ductile iron pipe has the mechanical performance for having to comply with standard (such as EN545 and EN598).
Ductile iron pipe generally has to have the feature that
Tensile strength is greater than or equal to 420MPa, particularly between 420MPa between 460MPa,
For the nominal diameter less than or equal to 1000mm, elongation at break A is greater than or equal to 10%, for being greater than
For the nominal diameter of 1000mm, elongation at break A be greater than 7%, and
Brinell hardness HB is less than or equal to 230.
Known ductile iron pipe leads to big wall thickness and high raw materials consumption, to obtain given crushing strength.
For example, according to document FR 2 139 866；US 3,891,432；DE 101 01 159 and JP-H-082 69614
Known cast-iron alloy.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose that a kind of article, particularly tube elements or road circuit component, the article compare known contents
It is more economical, and particularly, which has the mechanical performance of optimization and the low weight for intended size.
Particularly, it is an object of the invention to improve the mechanical strength of cast iron, to make it possible to by protecting crushing resistance
It holds to come in given value relative to the thickness for reducing pipe when front tube, or realizes in the identical situation of thickness of pipe than working as front tube more
High crushing resistance.
The purpose of the present invention further relates to the article other than the pipe made of spheroidal graphite ductile iron, such as obtains in casting
Tubular connector and road circuit unit.The present invention attempt the weight for reducing article while keeping given mechanical strength and/
Or the wall thickness of article.
For this purpose, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron article manufactured in a mold,
Wherein, spheroidal graphite cast-iron includes the following element in terms of weight %:
Carbon (C) is less than or equal to 3.65%,
Silicon (Si), between 3.3% to 3.7%,
Optionally:
Phosphorus (P) ,≤0.1%, and/or
Manganese (Mn) ,≤0.6%, and/or
Chromium (Cr) ,≤0.2%, and/or
Titanium (Ti) ,≤0.15%, and/or
Sulphur (S) ,≤0.05%, and/or
Magnesium (Mg) includes 0.005% and 0.07% between 0.005% to 0.07%, and/or
Copper (Cu) ,≤0.3%, and/or
Nickel (Ni) ,≤0.4%, and/or
Molybdenum (Mo) ,≤0.02%, and/or
Aluminium (Al) ,≤0.02%, and/or
Vanadium (V) ,≤0.04%,
Wherein, remainder is the inevitable relict element of iron (Fe) and content less than 0.01%, wherein
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the carbon equivalent C less than or equal to 4.75%EQ=C (%)+1/3Si (%)+1/3P (%), and
Wherein,
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the resilience (E) more than or equal to 9.49J.
According to specific embodiment, article according to the present invention may include one or more of following characteristics:
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the resilience (E) measured in particular according to " Charpy (Charpy) " impact test, the resilience
It is greater than or equal to 10 joules at 20 DEG C or more than or equal to 11 joules；
The silicone content (Si) of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is between 3.4% to 3.6%；
The silicone content (Si) of spheroidal graphite cast-iron between 3.3% to 3.7%, be preferably ranges between 3.5% to 3.6%,
And particularly, wherein by one kind, when molten iron is molded into mold, forming face does not have interim heat-insulating material or interim resistance to
The manufacturing method of fiery material obtains article；
Silicon (Si) content of spheroidal graphite cast-iron between 3.3% to 3.5%, be preferably ranges between 3.4% to 3.5%,
And particularly, wherein by one kind by interim refractory material or interim insulation before the step of molten iron is molded into mold
Material deposits manufacturing method on the forming surface to obtain article；
The carbon equivalent C of spheroidal graphite cast-ironEQ=C (%)+1/3Si (%)+1/3P (%) includes between 4.3% to 4.6%
4.3% and 4.6% or between 4.4% to 4.6% include 4.4% and 4.6%, be preferably ranges between 4.45% to
Include 4.45% and 4.55% between 4.55%, be particularly equal to 4.5%；
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the tensile strength greater than 470MPa, preferably more than 500MPa, particularly greater than 530MPa
Rm；
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the elongation at break A more than or equal to 7%, specifically greater than or equal to 10%；
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the Brinell hardness HB less than or equal to 250HB, especially less than or equal to 230HB.
The invention further relates to a kind of tube elements (such as pipe or accessory) or road circuit component (such as manholes or rainwater discharge portion
Part), the tube elements or road circuit component include matrix, which is characterized in that matrix is article as defined above.
The invention further relates to a kind of manufacture article as defined above or tube elements as defined above or road
The method of element, this method include following consecutive steps:
A) liquid iron is molded into the mold with forming face,
B) liquid iron is allowed to be cured to obtain the blank of article,
Handle article blank through heat-treated, particularly stress release, to obtain cast iron article.
According to specific embodiment, manufacturing method may include one or more of following characteristics:
Before the step of molten iron is molded into mold, it is added to smelting furnace or molten iron especially by by siliceous material
Implement the step of determining the silicone content of cast iron in packet, wherein added silicone content corresponds to article during the step
The final silicone content of spheroidal graphite cast-iron subtracts the silicone content that may be provided by spheroidising and inoculation.
When liquid iron is molded into mold, forming face does not have interim heat-insulating material or interim refractory material, and its
In, heat treatment includes:
First step, by blank heating 2 minutes to 10 minutes of article, until being greater than 800 DEG C, particularly greater than 900
DEG C but the graphitization temperature less than 1000 DEG C, wherein the first step releases the internal stress being initially present in cast iron,
Second graphitization step makes the blank of cast iron article under graphitization temperature during the second graphitization step
It is kept for 5 minutes to 30 minutes, particularly keeps 5 minutes to 18 minutes, preferably kept for 15 minutes,
Third cooling step, so that being cooled in the time less than 7 minutes between 880 DEG C to 750 DEG C, preferably
Temperature of the ground until 800 DEG C, and
4th ferritizing step will be cast in the 4th ferritizing step with the rate lower than 40 degrees celsius/minutes
Within the temperature range of the blank of iron article is slowly cooled between 700 DEG C to 780 DEG C；
Wherein, heat treatment includes:
The step of being cooled to the temperature lower than 100 DEG C in air, and
By the blank heating of cast iron article to 600 DEG C to 700 DEG C between stress release temperature, then make cast iron article
Blank 10 minutes to 30 minutes stress release steps are kept at a temperature of the stress release；With
Before the step of liquid iron is molded into mold, interim refractory material or interim heat-insulating material are deposited on into
On shape face, and wherein, heat treatment further comprises:
First ferritizing step: with the cooling rate less than 40 degrees celsius/minutes by the blank of article from baking oven
Slowly cooled down more than or equal to 800 DEG C of inlet temperature, until the ferritizing final temperature less than 740 DEG C,
Air cooling step is second step, and stress release step is third step.
Detailed description of the invention
By being merely given as examples below reading and being better understood with the present invention referring to the description that attached drawing carries out,
In:
- Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the equipment for manufacturing tube elements, which forms according to this
The article of invention；
Fig. 2 shows time/temp figure, the blank of the article according to the present invention as manufactured by the equipment of Fig. 1 is shown
Different heat treatment step；
- Fig. 3 shows the second embodiment of the equipment for manufacturing tube elements corresponding with article according to the present invention
Schematic diagram；
- Fig. 4 shows time/temp figure, shows the different heat treatment of the blank of the article as manufactured by the equipment of Fig. 3
Step；
- Fig. 5, which is shown, to be changed as the exemplary of the ductile iron pipe according to manufactured by the equipment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 with silicone content
Tensile strength；
- Fig. 6 shows silicone content to the resilience of the ductile iron pipe as manufactured by two equipment according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3
Influence schematic diagram；With
- Fig. 7 shows silicone content and stretches to the fracture of the ductile iron pipe as manufactured by two equipment according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3
The influence of long rate.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the equipment for manufacturing ductile iron pipe of first embodiment according to the present invention, and the equipment is by leading to
It is indicated with appended drawing reference 2.
Equipment 2 includes crucible 4, pourers 6, running channel 8, inoculation device 9, rotating mould 10, cooling device 12 and takes out
Device 14.
Equipment 2 is used to produce the tube elements 15 of such as pipe with centrifugation.The object of the formation Nodular cast iron material of tube elements 15
Product or matrix 16.
Crucible 4 is the fire-clay crucible containing liquid metal (such as cast iron).
Pourers 6 (also referred to as " basket ") have opposite with the amount of liquid metal needed for the one or more matrixes 16 of manufacture
The volume answered.Pourers 6 can tilt to a position, and liquid metal is poured into running channel 8.
Liquid metal is directed to mold 10 from pourers 6 by running channel 8.The running channel includes being located near pourers 6
Entrance 20 and extend to the outlet 22 in mold 10.Running channel 8 is relative to horizontal tilt, so that position of the outlet 22 than entrance 20
It is low, so that liquid iron be allowed to flow due to gravity.
Rotating mould, also referred to as " shell ", have rotationally symmetrical shape, in this example for around axis X-X substantially
Cylinder, the axis X-X is relative to horizontal tilt, so that the axis is parallel to running channel 8.In following content, term " axis
To " and " radial direction " provide with reference to the axis X-X.Mold 10 has the contoured inner surface 24 and circle on the negative surface as matrix 16
Cylindrical outer surface 26.Inner surface 24 is provided with the controlled-roughness of referred to as " shot-peening (peening) ", to pour by liquid metal
Liquid metal rotation is driven while into mold 10.
Mold 10 includes: the flush end end 28 towards entrance 20；And bell end end 30, the bell end end 30 is backwards
Far from entrance 20 and it is provided with core (not shown).The flush end of the formation of flush end end 28 matrix 16, and 30 shape of bell end end
At the inserted terminal of matrix 16.
Mold 10 can be rotated around X-X axis.In addition, mold 10 can be by drives edge axis X-X in casting start bit
It sets and casts and translate between end position, in casting starting position, outlet 22 is located at 30 front of bell end end, terminates in casting
Position, outlet 22 are located at 28 front of flush end end.
Cooling device 12 includes flusher, which, which is designed to that liquid (such as water) will be cooled down, is sprayed onto mold
On 10 outer surface 26.Withdrawing device 14 is designed to from mold axially take out matrix blank 16, which exists
It is obtained at the end of liquid metal is molded into mold 10.
Pourers 6, cooling device 12 and withdrawing device 14, crucible 4 and running channel 8 be known per se and no longer more in detail
Carefully describe.Mold 10 is for example all made of forged steel.
Equipment further includes heat-treatment furnace 40.
Article or matrix 16 according to the present invention is manufactured using equipment 2 to carry out as follows.
Used manufacturing method is the technique of the feature with " De Lawo (DeLavaud) " manufacturing process.
Liquid cast is introduced into crucible 4.Liquid cast in crucible 4 makes with manufacturing method according to the invention acquisition
Article or matrix 16 have the chemical constituent being defined below, and especially have silicone content according to the present invention.In mold 10
The final silicone content of article or matrix 16 is determined before casting step by addition material, especially FeSi alloy.This
A little additions are for example completed in the molten bath of electric furnace or crucible.It is generated using silicon substrate reagent by spheroidising and/or inoculation
The input of potential silicon must take into account the amount for the silicon for being added to liquid metal is determined, according to the present invention have to obtain
The article or matrix 16 of silicone content.
Therefore, before the casting step in mold 10, by adding a silicone content (equal to the final silicon of article to cast iron
Content subtracts the silicone content by breeding and/or nodularization provides) determine the final silicone content of article or matrix 16.
Increasing for the silicone content of spheroidal graphite cast-iron according to the present invention should not be obtained by increasing the amount of silicon based inoculant.Cause
This, in the case where De Lawo technique, by inovulant provide article melt in silicon amount between 0.1% to 0.3% it
Between.
Liquid cast corresponding with cast iron amount needed for matrix 16 is introduced into pourers 6 by crucible 4.
Mold 10 rotates around X-X axis and the mold 10 is made to be in its starting position of casting.
Then, molten iron is molded into running channel 8 from pourers 6, flows along running channel 8 and is molded at bell end end 30
Mold 10.
Continuously, molten iron is gradually poured into when on the inner surface 24 of mold by 10 band of mold to its cast stop bits
It sets, and inovulant (such as FeSi based powders) is deposited on mould by inoculation device 9 before molten iron and inner surface 24 are in contact
On the inner surface 24 of tool 10.As described earlier, when inovulant contains silicon, for determining molded articles or matrix 16 most
Final silicon content must take into account this point.
Before casting step and during casting step, other than inovulant, the inner surface 24 of mold 10 is not by it
He does not have such as in " wet shot (Wetspray) " casting process (referring also to following Fig. 3 material covering, the especially inner surface 24
Equipment) used in any interim heat-insulating material or interim refractory material.
During entire casting, mold 10 is cooled down by cooling device 12.
Due to centrifugal action, the molten iron in mold 10 is pressed towards surface 24, which solidifies and form the base of matrix 16
Material 161.
Then, the blank 161 of matrix 16 is taken out from mold 10 by withdrawing device 14.
Then, make the blank 161 of matrix 16 through heat-treated (this will be described in greater detail below), after the heat treatment
Obtain matrix 16.
By the component of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of manufacturing method, simultaneously therefore the component of matrix 16 includes: carbon (C) in terms of weight %,
Content is less than or equal to 3.65%；And silicon (Si), content include 3.3% and 3.7% between 3.3% to 3.7%.
Optionally, spheroidal graphite cast-iron includes a kind of following element or the multiple element in terms of weight %:
Phosphorus (P) ,≤0.1%, and/or
Manganese (Mn) ,≤0.6%, and/or
Chromium (Cr) ,≤0.2%, and/or
Titanium (Ti) ,≤0.15%, and/or
Sulphur (S) ,≤0.05%, and/or
Magnesium (Mg) includes 0.005% and 0.07% between 0.005% to 0.07%, and/or
Copper (Cu) ,≤0.3%, and/or
Nickel (Ni) ,≤0.4%, and/or
Molybdenum (Mo) ,≤0.02%, and/or
Aluminium (Al) ,≤0.02%, and/or
Vanadium (V) ,≤0.04%.
The remainder of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is iron (Fe) and the content due to caused by the method for manufacture cast iron less than 0.01%
Other relict elements or inevitable impurity.
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the carbon equivalent C less than or equal to 4.75%EQ=C (%)+1/3Si (%)+1/3P (%).This
A little % are also to be indicated with weight %.
In addition, spheroidal graphite cast-iron can have less than or equal to 4.7%, be preferably ranges between 4.3% to 4.6% includes
4.3% and 4.6%, it is preferably ranges between the carbon equivalent C between 4.45% to 4.55% including 4.45% and 4.55%EQ=C (%)+
1/3Si (%)+1/3P (%).Preferably, carbon equivalent CEQEqual to 4.5%.
Silicon (Si) content is especially preferably situated between in the case where using De Lawo technique as the case for this embodiment
Include 3.4% and 3.6% between 3.4% to 3.6%, be preferably ranges between 3.5% to 3.6% including 3.5% and
3.6%.
Fig. 2 shows the blanks or more one of equipment 2 matrix 16 according to manufactured by " De Lawo " manufacturing process as Fig. 1
As cast iron article blank time/temp figure during heating treatment.Then, term " matrix 16 " and " cast iron article " will be by
According to identical meaning come using.
In order to record, this " De Lawo " manufacturing process is included in casting molten iron in mold 10 and is cured to obtain molten iron
The step of blank of cast iron article；Then the blank of cast iron article is heat-treated.According to De Lawo technique, molten iron is cast
Enter mold 10, wherein the mold surface 24 of the mold 10 does not have the interim heat-insulating material being deposited on inner surface 24 or interim
Refractory material.
After removal from the mold, the blank of matrix is generally between 900 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, specifically about
950 DEG C of temperature.In the inlet of heat-treatment furnace 40, the blank of matrix is generally in the temperature between 550 DEG C to 650 DEG C
Degree, particularly in about 600 DEG C of temperature (initial temperature being heat-treated in furnace).
In fig. 2, it is seen that since the initial temperature, during the first heat treatment step ED1, by cast iron article
Blank heating 2 minutes to 10 minutes, until reaching greater than 800 DEG C, particularly greater than 900 DEG C but graphitization less than 1000 DEG C
Temperature.The first heating step ED1 releases the internal stress being present in cast iron.
Then, in the second heat treatment step ED2, the blank of cast iron article is maintained under graphitization temperature, in this situation
Under, which is equal to about 950 DEG C.Second heat treatment step ED2 has 5 minutes to 30 minutes duration, herein
In the case of, which has 15 minutes duration.During the second step, cementite (Fe3C it) decomposes
And it is transformed into austenite and graphite.
Then, implement third heat treatment step ED3.During the step, temperature is reduced to iron since graphitization temperature
Ferritic start temperature, the ferritizing start temperature is between 880 DEG C to 750 DEG C, in the case equal to about 800 DEG C.
Temperature reduction during step ED3 continues 4 minutes to 7 minutes, preferably less or equal to 6 minutes.
Then, during the 4th heat treatment temperature step ED4 (ferritizing step), slowly by the blank of cast iron article
It is cooling, i.e., with less than 40 degrees celsius/minutes, be preferably ranges between 20 degrees celsius/minutes to the cooling speed between 5 degrees celsius/minutes
Rate slowly cools down, until within the temperature range of 700 DEG C to 780 DEG C.In the four steps, austenite is converted into ferrite and stone
Ink.
Then, during the 5th step ED5, the blank of cast iron article is cooled to from ferritizing final temperature and is lower than
100 DEG C of temperature, particularly 20 DEG C of ambient air temperature.
Therefore, article or matrix 16 are obtained.
Therefore, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of acquisition has the tensile strength Rm greater than 470MPa, it is therefore preferred to have is greater than 500MPa, spy
It is not greater than the tensile strength Rm of 530MPa.
As that can see in Fig. 5, there is silicone content as defined above and pass through De Lawo described above
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron manufactured by technique meets this requirement.
In addition, spheroidal graphite cast-iron according to the present invention has more than or equal to 7%, specifically greater than or equal to 8%, be greater than or
Elongation at break equal to 9% or more than or equal to 10%.
In addition, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of article according to the present invention has under environment temperature (20 DEG C) is greater than or equal to 9.49 cokes
The resilience E of ear.The fact that this is no more than 3.7% particularly by silicone content is realized.Resilience E is surveyed by " Charpy " method
Amount.Therefore, manufactured article meets Unite States Standard AWWAC151.Preferably, it is greater than according to the resilience E that " Charpy " method measures
Or equal to 10 joules or more than or equal to 11 joules.
This is shown in FIG. 6, and Fig. 6 is indicated for the silicone content between 3.3% to 3.7%, according to the present invention
And according to it is being manufactured in De Lawo centrifuging process, later carry out heat treatment described above pipe screen resilience E be greater than or
Equal to 9.49 joules.
In addition, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of article according to the present invention has the Brinell hardness HB less than or equal to 230HB.
Referring again to FIGS. 1, tube elements 15 or matrix 16 have nominal diameter DN and wall thickness e.Nominal diameter DN can be
E.g., less than or equal to 600mm is perhaps less than or equal to 1000mm or is less than or equal to 1600mm.
The tension of pipe according to the present invention is strong to be shown for identical thickness to the pressure test that DN400 pipe carries out
Degree is big 20% to 30% compared with the tensile strength of ductile iron pipe of the silicone content less than 2.9%.
Similarly, it for identical fracture pressure and in the case where DN400 pipe, is obtained using the equipment of Fig. 1
And be subjected to the thickness that there is about 5.3mm above with reference to the pipe of Fig. 2 heat treatment described, and use conventional De Lawo work
Pipe of the silicone content less than 2.9% that skill obtains and its cast iron has the thickness greater than 6.5mm.
Fig. 3 shows the second embodiment of manufacturing equipment 2 according to the present invention.
According to the equipment 2 of the second embodiment and manufacture the method for tube elements and the difference of apparatus described above and method
Place is only the following contents.Similar element shares identical appended drawing reference.
Equipment 2 includes the device (not shown) for applying refractory material.The device is designed to interim refractory material
50 layer is deposited on the inner surface 24 of mold 10.
Interim refractory material 50 is known per se and is, for example, water, bentonite and the refractory product based on silica
Mixture.Interim refractory material layer 50 reduces the cooling rate of 10 medium cast iron of mold.Alternatively, interim refractory material 50 can
To be replaced by interim heat-insulating material.
Manufacturing method using equipment 2 is the manufacturing method of " wet shot " type.This method is as follows.
Before molten iron is molded into mold 10, interim refractory material 50 is arranged on inner surface 24 and is formed interim resistance to
Fiery material layer.
It is to cast in molten iron in the interim refractory material layer in next step.
Due to refractory material layer 50, the blank of matrix 16 or the blank of cast iron article are free of or containing considerably less carburizing
Body.Spheroidal graphite cast-iron has substantially ferrite matrix, and wherein content of pearlite in alloy is lower, and particularly smaller or equal than 10%, because
Si content is greater than 3.2%.
Fig. 4 is shown as the matrix according to manufactured by " wet shot " method of equipment 2 of the second embodiment according to shown in Fig. 3
Temperature/the time diagram of 16 blank or the more generally blank of cast iron article during heating treatment.
After taking out in mold 10, the blank of the blank or cast iron article that make matrix 16 is through heat-treated.For this purpose, will
The blank of matrix or article introduces the baking oven that temperature is higher than 800 DEG C, and in the first heat treatment step EW1, to take the photograph less than 40
The cooling rate of family name degree/min by the blank of the matrix or article be cooled to lower than 740 DEG C, be preferably ranges between 700 DEG C to 740 DEG C
Between ferritizing final temperature.First step EW1 is ferritizing step, the austenite during first step EW1
It is changed into ferrite and graphite.
Then, during the second heat treatment step EW2, by the blank of the blank of matrix or cast iron article from final ferrite
Change temperature to be cooled to lower than 100 DEG C, the temperature that is preferably ranges between 20 DEG C to 100 DEG C.The cooling carries out in air, i.e., with
Between 30 DEG C/min to 70 DEG C/min, the rate that is preferably ranges between 40 DEG C/min to 60 DEG C/min carries out, particularly
It is carried out with the rate of about 50 DEG C/min.The cooling period air temperature between 10 DEG C to 40 DEG C.
Then, in third heat treatment step EW3, the blank of matrix or cast iron article is made to be subjected to stress release heat treatment,
Stress release heat treatment is intended to discharge the internal stress being initially present in cast iron.The third heat treatment step includes: first will
The blank of the blank of matrix 16 or cast iron article from the above-mentioned temperature between 20 DEG C to 100 DEG C be heated between 600 DEG C to
Then stress release temperature between 700 DEG C makes the blank of matrix or cast iron article keep 10 points at a temperature of the stress release
Clock was to 30 minutes.
Then, in four steps EW4, the blank of matrix 16 or cast iron article is cooled to room temperature (20 DEG C).
Nominal diameter DN, which can be, is greater than 600mm.
The test carried out shows for identical fracture pressure and in the case where such as DN800 pipe, uses
It is that the equipment of Fig. 3 obtains and be subjected to that there is the thickness of about 7.7mm above with reference to the pipe of Fig. 4 heat treatment described, and use
Pipe of the silicone content less than 2.9% that conventional wet spraying process obtains and its cast iron has the thickness more than or equal to 9.4mm.
In Fig. 5 it will be seen that by wet spraying process manufacture and including between 3.3% to 3.5%
The spheroidal graphite cast-iron article of silicon has the tensile strength greater than 530MPa.
Fig. 6 shows the resilience E according to " Charpy " impact test, and show its spheroidal graphite cast-iron contain between
Silicon between 3.3% to 3.5% and when manufactured using wet spraying process, after be heat-treated as described above
With the elastic article considerably beyond 10 joules when (" WS agreement "), this with by wet spraying process without subsequent heat at
The spheroidal graphite cast-iron managing (" original WS " in Fig. 6) and obtaining is different, for this, could obtain greatly only for silicone content less than 3%
In 9.49 joules of resilience.
Similarly, Fig. 7, which is shown, then carries out heat treatment (" processed WS ") according to the present invention by wet spraying process
And obtain and have the article of the silicone content between 3.4% to 3.5% with 15%, particularly between about 18% to
Higher elongation at break A between 22%.
It can be the tubular element in addition to bell-and-spigot pipe, such as cylindrical by tube elements manufactured by above method
Connector.
The component of spheroidal graphite cast-iron according to the present invention can be used for the cast iron of manufacture such as manhole or rainwater drainage device
Road circuit component, or for manufacturing casting fitting.In the case, the method for manufacturing this article is that liquid iron is cast in mould
In tool and while being bred.Then, after being removed from the molds and being cooled to the temperature lower than 100 DEG C, make cast iron article
Blank be subjected to stress release heat treatment.Firstly, this includes by the blank heating of article to more than 400 DEG C, is preferably ranges between 600
DEG C to the stress release temperature between 700 DEG C.Then, the blank of cast iron article is kept 10 minutes at a temperature of the stress release
To about 30 minutes.Finally, the blank of article is cooled to room temperature.The cast iron obtained at the end of the heat treatment makes it possible to protecting
Reduce the weight of road circuit component or casting fitting while holding given mechanical strength relative to well known elements, or identical heavy
In the case where amount, make it possible to increase the mechanical performance of circuit component or casting fitting.
In general, resilience of the cast iron under room temperature (20 DEG C) is greater than or equal to 10J or is greater than or equal to 11J.Particularly
Resilience is measured by " Charpy " impact test.
Therefore, spheroidal graphite cast-iron article according to the present invention, which makes it possible to obtain for given mechanical strength, has small wall
The tube elements or road circuit component of thickness obtain the tube elements or road with improved mechanical performance for similar wall thickness
Element.Therefore, manufacture and the use including transporting and handling are economical.
Claims (15)
1. the article made of spheroidal graphite cast-iron (16) manufactured in mold (10), wherein the spheroidal graphite cast-iron includes with weight
Measure the following element of % meter:
Carbon (C) is less than or equal to 3.65%,
Silicon (Si), between 3.3% to 3.7%,
Optionally:
Phosphorus (P) ,≤0.1%, and/or
Manganese (Mn) ,≤0.6%, and/or
Chromium (Cr) ,≤0.2%, and/or
Titanium (Ti) ,≤0.15%, and/or
Sulphur (S) ,≤0.05%, and/or
Magnesium (Mg) includes 0.005% and 0.07% between 0.005% to 0.07%, and/or
Copper (Cu) ,≤0.3%, and/or
Nickel (Ni) ,≤0.4%, and/or
Molybdenum (Mo) ,≤0.02%, and/or
Aluminium (Al) ,≤0.02%, and/or
Vanadium (V) ,≤0.04%,
Remainder is the inevitable relict element of iron (Fe) and content less than 0.01%, wherein
The spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the carbon equivalent C less than or equal to 4.75%EQ+ 1/3 P (%) of+1/3 Si (%) of=C (%), and
And wherein,
The spheroidal graphite cast-iron has the resilience (E) more than or equal to 9.49J.
2. article according to claim 1, wherein the spheroidal graphite cast-iron has to be surveyed in particular according to " Charpy " impact test
The resilience (E) of amount, the resilience are greater than or equal to 10 joules at 20 DEG C or more than or equal to 11 joules.
3. article according to claim 1 or 2, wherein silicon (Si) content of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron between 3.4% to
Between 3.6%.
4. article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein silicon (Si) content of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron between
It between 3.3% to 3.7%, is preferably ranges between 3.5% to 3.6%, and particularly, wherein worked as by one kind by liquid
Forming face (24) does not have the manufacturer of interim heat-insulating material or interim refractory material (50) when iron is molded into the mold (10)
Method obtains the article.
5. article according to any one of claim 1 to 3, wherein silicon (Si) content of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron between
It between 3.3% to 3.5%, is preferably ranges between 3.4% to 3.5%, and particularly, wherein by one kind by molten iron
Interim refractory material (50) or interim heat-insulating material are deposited on forming face before being molded into the casting step of the mold (10)
(24) manufacturing method on obtains the article.
6. article according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein the carbon equivalent C of the spheroidal graphite cast-ironEQ=C (%)+
+ 1/3 P (%) of 1/3 Si (%) is between 4.3% to 4.6% including 4.3% and 4.6% or between 4.4% to 4.6%
Between include 4.4% and 4.6% and be preferably ranges between 4.45% to 4.55% include 4.45% and 4.55%, especially
Ground is equal to 4.5%.
7. article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spheroidal graphite cast-iron has greater than 470MPa, preferably
Ground is greater than the tensile strength Rm of 500MPa, particularly greater than 530MPa.
8. article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spheroidal graphite cast-iron has more than or equal to 7%,
Specifically greater than or equal to 10% elongation at break A.
9. article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spheroidal graphite cast-iron, which has, to be less than or equal to
The Brinell hardness HB of 250HB, especially less than or equal to 230HB.
10. tube elements or road circuit component, the tube elements all for example pipe or accessory, the road circuit component are such as manhole or rainwater
Discharging unit for discharging, the tube elements or the road circuit component include matrix (16), which is characterized in that described matrix is according to aforementioned power
Article described in any one of benefit requirement.
11. article according to any one of claim 1 to 9 or tube elements according to claim 10 or road
The manufacturing method of element, the manufacturing method include following consecutive steps:
A) liquid iron is molded into the mold (10) with forming face (24),
B) liquid iron is allowed to be cured to obtain the blank of the article,
Handle the blank of the article through heat-treated, particularly stress release, to obtain cast iron article (16).
12. manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein before the step of molten iron is molded into mold, the system
Make method implementation:
Especially by the step of siliceous material is added in smelting furnace or ladle the silicone content for determining the cast iron,
In, the final silicone content that the silicone content added during the step corresponds to the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of the article, which subtracts, passes through ball
Change the silicone content that processing and inoculation finally provide.
13. manufacturing method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein when molten iron is molded into the mold (10), institute
Forming face (24) are stated without interim heat-insulating material or interim refractory material (50), and wherein, the heat treatment includes:
First step (ED1), the first step is used for blank heating 2 minutes to 10 minutes of the article, until reaching
Graphitization temperature greater than 800 DEG C, particularly greater than 900 DEG C but lower than 1000 DEG C, wherein the first step release is initially deposited
The internal stress being in cast iron,
The blank of the cast iron article is being graphitized by the-the second graphitization step (ED2) during second graphitization step
At a temperature of kept for 5 minutes to 30 minutes, particularly 5 minutes to 18 minutes, preferably 15 minutes,
Third cooling step (ED3), so that being cooled in the time less than 7 minutes between 880 DEG C to 750 DEG C, preferably
The temperature that 800 DEG C of ground, and
- the four ferritizing step (ED4), during the 4th ferritizing step, to be lower than the speed of 40 degrees celsius/minutes
Within the temperature range of the blank of the cast iron article is slowly cooled between 700 DEG C to 780 DEG C by rate.
14. manufacturing method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the heat treatment includes:
Air cooling step (EW2), so that it is less than 100 DEG C of temperature, and
Stress release step (EW3), the stress release step include by the blank heating of the cast iron article between 600
DEG C to the stress release temperature between 700 DEG C, keep the blank of the cast iron article at a temperature of stress release
10 minutes to 30 minutes.
15. manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein the step of molten iron is molded into the mold (10) it
Before, interim refractory material (50) or interim heat-insulating material are deposited on the forming face (24), and wherein, the heat treatment
Further comprise:
- the first ferritizing step (EW1): with the cooling rate less than 40 degrees celsius/minutes by the blank of the article from baking
The inlet temperature more than or equal to 800 DEG C in case slowly cools down, until it is lower than 740 DEG C of ferritizing final temperature,
The air cooling step (EW2) is second step, and the stress release step (EW3) is third step.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210254718.8A CN114774767B (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-12-18 | Ductile iron article, corresponding component and corresponding manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1662781 | 2016-12-19 | ||
| FR1662781A FR3060607B1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2016-12-19 | SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON, CORRESPONDING ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| PCT/EP2017/083378 WO2018114845A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-12-18 | Spheroidal graphite cast iron object, corresponding component and corresponding manufacturing process |
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| CN202210254718.8A Division CN114774767B (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-12-18 | Ductile iron article, corresponding component and corresponding manufacturing method |
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| CN202210254718.8A Active CN114774767B (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-12-18 | Ductile iron article, corresponding component and corresponding manufacturing method |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (2) | EP3555335B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN110268082B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2914548T3 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2733940C1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-10-08 | Денис Александрович Габец | Iron |
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| CN113195759B (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2023-09-19 | 欧瑞康美科（美国）公司 | Corrosion and wear resistant nickel base alloy |
| FR3099716B1 (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-08-27 | Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson | Manufacturing process of a tubular element |
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| US3415307A (en) * | 1966-03-03 | 1968-12-10 | United States Pipe Foundry | Process for casting ductile iron |
| AT275763B (en) * | 1966-03-03 | 1969-11-10 | United States Pipe Foundry | Process for casting ductile iron castings |
| CN101698921A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2010-04-28 | 芜湖市金贸流体科技股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant spheroidal graphite cast iron and preparation method thereof |
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| CA838011A (en) * | 1970-03-31 | United States Pipe And Foundry Company | Process for casting ductile iron | |
| PL74403B1 (en) | 1971-06-03 | 1974-10-31 | ||
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| FR2522291A1 (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-02 | Pont A Mousson | CENTRIFUGAL CAST IRON WITH SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| US4475956A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-10-09 | Ford Motor Company | Method of making high strength ferritic ductile iron parts |
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2016
- 2016-12-19 FR FR1662781A patent/FR3060607B1/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-12-18 WO PCT/EP2017/083378 patent/WO2018114845A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-12-18 EP EP17823092.6A patent/EP3555335B1/en active Active
- 2017-12-18 ES ES17823092T patent/ES2914548T3/en active Active
- 2017-12-18 EP EP22162181.6A patent/EP4050116A1/en active Pending
- 2017-12-18 CN CN201780078472.0A patent/CN110268082B/en active Active
- 2017-12-18 CN CN202210254718.8A patent/CN114774767B/en active Active
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| FR759342A (en) * | 1932-08-20 | 1934-02-01 | Internat Delavaud Mfg Corp Ltd | Cast iron pipes and process for making them |
| US3415307A (en) * | 1966-03-03 | 1968-12-10 | United States Pipe Foundry | Process for casting ductile iron |
| AT275763B (en) * | 1966-03-03 | 1969-11-10 | United States Pipe Foundry | Process for casting ductile iron castings |
| CN101698921A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2010-04-28 | 芜湖市金贸流体科技股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant spheroidal graphite cast iron and preparation method thereof |
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| RU2733940C1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-10-08 | Денис Александрович Габец | Iron |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2914548T3 (en) | 2022-06-13 |
| EP3555335A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| FR3060607B1 (en) | 2021-09-10 |
| FR3060607A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN110268082B (en) | 2022-04-19 |
| WO2018114845A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| EP4050116A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
| EP3555335B1 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
| CN114774767B (en) | 2023-09-15 |
| CN114774767A (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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