CN110266616B - Channel estimation method based on sum and difference beam angle measurement method - Google Patents

Channel estimation method based on sum and difference beam angle measurement method Download PDF

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CN110266616B
CN110266616B CN201910449254.4A CN201910449254A CN110266616B CN 110266616 B CN110266616 B CN 110266616B CN 201910449254 A CN201910449254 A CN 201910449254A CN 110266616 B CN110266616 B CN 110266616B
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CN110266616A (en
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杨峰
丁良辉
钱良
张紫剑
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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Abstract

The invention relates to a channel estimation method based on a sum and difference beam angle measurement method, which is based on a part of connected analog-digital mixed large-scale array antenna system and completes reconstruction of a large-scale array antenna system channel matrix under the limitation of limited radio frequency link number, and the channel estimation method comprises the following steps: multipath angle estimation stage: firstly, beam scanning is utilized to complete the initial estimation of multipath angles, the initial angle estimation is limited by the number of antenna array elements, and the initial angle estimation can only ensure lower estimation precision; secondly, completing accurate path angle estimation by using a sum-difference beam algorithm; multipath path gain estimation stage: on the basis of the previous stage, the channel matrix is converted into the product of the multipath angle information and the path gain information, and then the least square method is used for finishing the estimation of the path gain, and finally the reconstruction of the channel matrix is finished. Compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of low complexity and low system overhead, and has important significance for the application of large-scale array antennas.

Description

Channel estimation method based on sum and difference beam angle measurement method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a channel estimation method based on a sum and difference beam angle measurement method.
Background
It is predicted that the number of global mobile communication devices and mobile transmission data will increase explosively by 2020. Millimeter wave communication is one of the important technologies for next-generation mobile communication, because millimeter wave resources (30GHZ-300GHZ) in a large number of frequency bands are attracting attention, but path loss caused by millimeter wave communication is not negligible. In order to solve the problem of propagation loss caused by millimeter wave communication, the design and the proposal of a large-scale array antenna bring encouraging progress. However, as the number of antennas increases, the large-scale array antenna is significantly different from the conventional MIMO in many aspects, mainly in terms of antenna architecture design, channel estimation, precoding, and the like. Because the millimeter wave wavelength is short, the integration space required by a large-scale array antenna is extremely small, and the full digital antenna architecture brings high hardware complexity. The design of a partially connected analog-digital hybrid antenna architecture can effectively reduce the deployment difficulty, simplify the signal processing flow and simultaneously realize the system performance similar to a full digital architecture. Although the research of large-scale array antennas is of great significance for the next generation of mobile communication, the advantages thereof are very dependent on the accuracy of channel estimation.
Conventionally, the channel estimation problem can be solved by sending orthogonal pilot training sequences, but in a system architecture of a large-scale array antenna, the system overhead of the conventional scheme is significantly increased due to the significant increase of the number of antennas. In order to deal with the channel estimation problem of a large-scale array antenna system in millimeter wave communication, many pioneers have made many inspiring works recently. Generally, there are mainly three directions for channel estimation for large-scale array antenna systems. Firstly, in a channel estimation scheme based on compressed sensing, due to the sparse characteristic of a millimeter wave transmission channel, channel estimation can be modeled to be a sparse reconstruction problem; secondly, the channel estimation algorithm based on the angular spectrum estimation generally has high accuracy, but the spectral estimation needs high calculation amount and system overhead, so that the method is not suitable for a large-scale array antenna system; thirdly, a channel estimation scheme based on codebook design captures angle information by designing a multi-level codebook layer-by-layer refinement, the accuracy of the scheme is very dependent on the resolution of the codebook, the number of codewords in the codebook is increased along with the increase of the number of days, and the system overhead is huge. Therefore, a channel estimation scheme that balances overhead and accuracy is desired.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a channel estimation method based on a sum and difference beam angle measurement method, the method utilizes a sum and difference beam algorithm to reconstruct the channel of a large-scale array antenna system, and can realize better performance than the traditional channel estimation method under the same system overhead.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a channel estimation method based on sum and difference beam angle measurement is disclosed, which is based on a part of connected analog-digital mixed large-scale array antenna system, and completes reconstruction of a large-scale array antenna system channel matrix under the limitation of limited radio frequency link number, and the channel estimation method comprises the following steps:
multipath angle estimation stage: firstly, beam scanning is utilized to complete the initial estimation of multipath angles, the initial angle estimation is limited by the number of antenna array elements, and the initial angle estimation can only ensure lower estimation precision; secondly, completing accurate path angle estimation by using a sum-difference beam algorithm;
multipath path gain estimation stage: on the basis of the previous stage, the channel matrix is converted into the product of the multipath angle information and the path gain information, and then the least square method is used for finishing the estimation of the path gain, and finally the reconstruction of the channel matrix is finished.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) generating a beam forming codebook which can cover the whole angle space, wherein the beam forming codebook comprises N beam forming weights;
Figure BDA0002074593110000021
wherein
Figure BDA0002074593110000022
Indicating the pointing angle of the nth forming weight, d indicating the array element spacing of the antenna array, lambda indicating the wavelength of a carrier wave, and N indicating the antenna number of the antenna array elements;
step 2) M sub-antenna arrays of the base station respectively select a code word from the codebook generated in the step 1) as a beam forming weight, so as to generate beams with M directions to receive incoming wave signals;
step 3) the base station repeats the step 2) for N/M times to complete the beam scanning of the whole angle space;
step 4), the base station carries out descending order arrangement on the scanned wave beams according to the received signal energy or the signal-to-noise ratio;
step 5) the base station screens out the beam group with the highest quality according to a preset index, wherein the beam pointing angle is a rough estimation value of the multipath angle information, and the number of the beam groups is the multipath number P;
step 6) the base station selects a path from the multipath rough angles obtained in step 5), and generates a beam in the direction by utilizing a linear constraint minimum variance criterion and generates a null at the residual angle, thereby obtaining a group of forming weights:
minwRswH
Figure BDA0002074593110000031
wherein w represents the forming vector of the antenna array, RsA matrix of auto-correlations representing the signal,
Figure BDA0002074593110000032
representing a constraint matrix, and f represents a constraint coefficient;
and 7) the base station receives signals by using the weight, and completes accurate angle estimation of the path by using a sum and difference beam angle measurement method on the basis:
Figure BDA0002074593110000033
Figure BDA0002074593110000034
wherein the sum signal is ysum(n) the difference signal is ydiff(n)，
Figure BDA00020745931100000313
Expressing the Hadamard product, and the accurate angle estimation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002074593110000035
where s represents a sum weight, d represents a difference weight, h represents a channel matrix, n represents spatial noise,
Figure BDA0002074593110000036
representing the received signal when estimating the p-th path,
Figure BDA0002074593110000037
is the rough angle of the p path;
step 8) the base station repeats the steps 6) -7) for P times to complete the accurate angle information estimation of all paths;
step 9) the base station completes the multipath path gain information estimation by using a least square method according to the accurate angle information obtained in the step 8):
Figure BDA0002074593110000038
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002074593110000039
which represents the estimated value of the path gain,
Figure BDA00020745931100000310
an estimation matrix representing angle information, rBBRepresents a baseband-end received signal;
step 10), channel matrix reconstruction is completed, and channel estimation is completed:
Figure BDA00020745931100000311
wherein
Figure BDA00020745931100000312
Representing the resulting estimated channel.
Preferably, in step 1), the beamforming codebook may be preset according to an antenna configuration of an antenna architecture of a known communication system, and codebook precision is related to the number of antennas.
Preferably, in step 2), the beamforming weights are different for different subarrays, and each time, a weight that has not been selected is selected, and a group of selected weights should have a pointing angle distance as large as possible to avoid inter-beam interference.
Preferably, in step 4), the beam quality metric is received signal energy or signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, in the step 5), the multipath angle information is a weighted beam pointing angle selected according to a preset index.
Preferably, in step 6), a linear constraint minimum variance principle is used to generate a beam in a specified signal direction and generate a null at an interference angle, so as to eliminate the influence of multipath on sum and difference beam angle measurement.
Preferably, in step 7), the sum and difference beam algorithm performs a phase comparison on the received sum signal and the difference signal by symmetrically inverting the shaping weight obtained in step 6) to obtain an accurate incoming wave signal angle.
Preferably, in the step 10), the system may obtain the downlink channel by using channel reciprocity in a time division multiplexing scenario.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the analog-digital hybrid large-scale array antenna based on the partial connection type has high practicability;
(2) the beam scanning (rough path angle estimation) stage can be completed during equipment initialization, so that the system overhead is greatly reduced;
(3) the sum and difference beam angle measurement can complete high-precision angle estimation on the premise of less data reception, and the calculation complexity is low;
(4) channel tracking can be accomplished during data communication, benefiting from low complexity technology steps;
(5) compared with the traditional channel estimation algorithm, the method can realize better channel estimation performance under the same system overhead.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a beam energy diagram for the coarse scanning phase of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram comparing the present invention with a conventional channel estimation method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the channel estimation method based on sum and difference beam angle measurement is applicable to a large-scale array antenna system with partially connected analog-digital mixing, mainly includes two parts, namely multipath angle information estimation and multipath path gain information estimation, and specifically includes the following steps:
1) generating a beamforming codebook which can cover the whole angle space and comprises N beamforming weights;
Figure BDA0002074593110000051
2) m sub-antenna arrays of the base station respectively select a code word from the codebook generated in the step 1) as a beam forming weight, so as to generate beams with M directions to receive incoming wave signals;
3) the base station repeats the step 2) for N/M times to complete the beam scanning of the whole angle space;
4) the base station carries out descending order arrangement on the scanned wave beams according to the received signal energy or the signal-to-noise ratio;
5) the base station screens out a beam group with the highest quality according to a certain preset index, wherein the beam pointing angle of the beam group is a rough estimation value of the multipath angle information, and the number of the beam group is the multipath number P;
6) the base station selects a path from the multi-path rough angles obtained in the step 5), generates a wave beam in the direction by utilizing a linear constraint minimum variance criterion, generates nulls at the residual angles, and further obtains a group of forming weights:
minwRswH
Figure BDA0002074593110000052
7) the base station receives signals by using the weight, and completes accurate angle estimation of the path by using a sum and difference beam angle measurement method on the basis of the weight:
Figure BDA0002074593110000053
Figure BDA0002074593110000054
wherein the sum signal is ysum(n) the difference signal is ydiff(n), the precise angle estimation formula is:
Figure BDA0002074593110000055
8) the base station repeats the steps 6) -7) for P times to complete the accurate angle information estimation of all paths;
9) the base station completes the multipath path gain information estimation by using a least square method according to the accurate angle information obtained in the step 8):
Figure BDA0002074593110000056
10) and (3) finishing channel matrix reconstruction and channel estimation:
Figure BDA0002074593110000057
in step 1), the antenna configuration of the antenna architecture of the communication system can be known in advance, different codebooks can be generated according to different space-time architectures, and the codebook precision is related to the number of antennas.
In step 2), the beamforming weights are different for different subarrays, and the weights that have not been selected are selected each time. Meanwhile, the pointing angle distance of a group of weights selected should be as large as possible to avoid interference between beams.
In step 4), the beam quality measurement standard ensures that the signal quality of the beam is a local optimum value on the premise that the beam meets certain requirements.
In step 5), the multi-path angle information is the pointing angle of the selected beam.
In step 6), the linear constraint minimum variance principle generates a beam in a specified signal direction and generates a null at an interference angle so as to eliminate the influence of multipath on sum and difference beam angle measurement.
In step 7), the sum and difference beam algorithm compares the phases of the sum signal and the difference signal to obtain the actual angle of the incoming wave signal.
The system base station is a large-scale array antenna in a partial connection mode, the antennas are arranged into an N-element uniform linear array, and the terminal is a single-user single antenna. N-element antennas at a base station end are evenly divided into M sub-arrays, and each sub-array is connected with a radio frequency link.
The communication channel is modeled as a narrow-band sparse channel according to millimeter wave communication standards, and the entire channel can be converted into a product of angle information and path gain information.
The channel estimation process is divided into two stages, a multipath angle information estimation stage and a multipath path gain estimation stage. The multipath angle estimation can be divided into two steps of coarse angle estimation and precise angle estimation, the base station estimates the coarse angle and the number of paths of the multipath by beam scanning in the coarse scanning stage, and the precise angle of each multipath is estimated by using a sum-difference beam angle measurement method in the precise angle estimation stage under the condition of low overhead. The multipath path gain stage estimates the path gain information of each path by using a least square method.
The channel estimation is based on time division multiplexing and an uplink channel is obtained. The downlink channel may be obtained from channel reciprocity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The communication method specifically comprises the following steps:
first, a beamforming codebook capable of covering the whole angle space is generated according to a 128-element uniform linear array, wherein the beamforming codebook comprises 128 beamforming weights.
Secondly, the 4 sub-antenna arrays of the base station respectively select a beam forming weight from the codebook generated in the step 1), thereby generating beams with 4 directions to receive incoming wave signals.
Thirdly, the base station repeats the step 2) for 32 times to complete the beam scanning of the whole angle space;
fourthly, the base station carries out descending order arrangement on the scanned wave beams according to the energy of the received signals.
Fifthly, the base station screens out a beam group with the highest quality according to a certain preset index, wherein the beam pointing angle is a rough estimation value of the multipath angle information, and the number of the beam groups is 3;
sixthly, the base station selects a path from the multipath rough angles obtained in the step 5), generates a beam in the direction by utilizing a linear constraint minimum variance criterion, generates nulls at the rest angles and further obtains a group of forming weights;
seventhly, the base station receives the signals by using the weight and completes accurate angle estimation of the path by using a sum and difference beam angle measurement method on the basis of the weight;
eighthly, the base station repeats the steps 6) -7) for 3 times to finish the accurate angle information estimation of all paths;
ninthly, the base station completes the estimation of the multipath path gain information by using a least square method according to the accurate angle information obtained in the step 8);
and step ten, finishing channel matrix reconstruction and finishing channel estimation.
Fig. 4 is a performance comparison of the present invention with a classical channel estimation algorithm, which is partially implemented by computer simulation, and the performance comparison with the least square method is implemented at the same system overhead. The embodiment of the invention shows that the scheme can not only accurately estimate the channel matrix, but also greatly reduce the cost compared with the traditional method when achieving the required performance, and has important practical significance and foresight.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A channel estimation method based on sum and difference beam angle measurement is disclosed, which is based on a part of connected analog-digital mixed large-scale array antenna system, and completes reconstruction of a large-scale array antenna system channel matrix under the limitation of limited radio frequency link number, and is characterized in that the channel estimation method comprises the following steps:
multipath angle estimation stage: firstly, beam scanning is utilized to complete the initial estimation of multipath angles, the initial angle estimation is limited by the number of antenna array elements, and the initial angle estimation can only ensure lower estimation precision; secondly, completing accurate path angle estimation by using a sum-difference beam algorithm;
multipath path gain estimation stage: on the basis of the previous stage, converting the channel matrix into the product of multipath angle information and path gain information, further completing the estimation of the path gain by using a least square method, and finally completing the reconstruction of the channel matrix;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) generating a beamforming codebook capable of covering the whole angle space, wherein the beamforming codebook comprises N beamforming weights cn；
Figure FDA0002442812970000011
Wherein
Figure FDA0002442812970000012
Indicating the pointing angle of the nth forming weight, d indicating the array element spacing of the antenna array, lambda indicating the wavelength of a carrier wave, and N indicating the antenna number of the antenna array elements;
step 2) M sub-antenna arrays of the base station respectively select a code word from the codebook generated in the step 1) as a beam forming weight, so as to generate beams with M directions to receive incoming wave signals;
step 3) the base station repeats the step 2) for N/M times to complete the beam scanning of the whole angle space;
step 4), the base station carries out descending order arrangement on the scanned wave beams according to the received signal energy or the signal-to-noise ratio;
step 5) the base station screens out the beam group with the highest quality according to a preset index, wherein the beam pointing angle is a rough estimation value of the multipath angle information, and the number of the beam groups is the multipath number P;
step 6) the base station selects a path from the multipath rough angles obtained in step 5), and generates a beam in the direction by utilizing a linear constraint minimum variance criterion and generates a null at the residual angle, thereby obtaining a group of forming weights:
minwRswH
Figure FDA0002442812970000013
wherein w represents the forming vector of the antenna array, RsA matrix of auto-correlations representing the signal,
Figure FDA0002442812970000014
representing a constraint matrix, and f represents a constraint coefficient;
and 7) the base station receives signals by using the weight, and completes accurate angle estimation of the path by using a sum and difference beam angle measurement method on the basis:
Figure FDA0002442812970000021
Figure FDA0002442812970000022
wherein the sum signal is ysum(n) the difference signal is ydiff(n)，
Figure FDA0002442812970000023
Representing a hadamard productThe precise angle estimation formula is:
Figure FDA0002442812970000024
where s represents a sum weight, d represents a difference weight, h represents a channel matrix, n represents spatial noise,
Figure FDA0002442812970000025
representing the received signal when estimating the p-th path,
Figure FDA0002442812970000026
is the rough angle of the p path;
step 8) the base station repeats the steps 6) -7) for P times to complete the accurate angle information estimation of all paths;
step 9) the base station completes the multipath path gain information estimation by using a least square method according to the accurate angle information obtained in the step 8):
Figure FDA0002442812970000027
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002442812970000028
which represents the estimated value of the path gain,
Figure FDA0002442812970000029
an estimation matrix representing angle information, rBBRepresents a baseband-end received signal;
step 10), channel matrix reconstruction is completed, and channel estimation is completed:
Figure FDA00024428129700000210
wherein
Figure FDA00024428129700000211
Representing the resulting estimated channel.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the beamforming codebook is preset according to an antenna configuration of an antenna architecture of a known communication system, and codebook precision is related to the number of antennas.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the beamforming weights are different for different subarrays, and each time the weights that have not been selected are selected, and the pointing angle distance of a group of selected weights should be as large as possible to avoid inter-beam interference.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the beam quality metric in step 4) is received signal energy or signal-to-noise ratio.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the multipath angle information is a weighted beam pointing angle selected according to a predetermined criterion.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6), the linear constraint minimum variance principle generates beams in the specified signal direction, and generates nulls at the interference angle, so as to eliminate the influence of multipath on the sum and difference beam angle measurement.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 7), the sum-difference beam algorithm symmetrically inverts the forming weight obtained in step 6), and compares the received sum signal with the difference signal in phase to obtain the accurate angle of the incoming wave signal.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 10), the system can obtain the downlink channel by using channel reciprocity in a time division multiplexing scenario.
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