CN110265176A - Dielectric gradient material and its application - Google Patents
Dielectric gradient material and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110265176A CN110265176A CN201910515386.2A CN201910515386A CN110265176A CN 110265176 A CN110265176 A CN 110265176A CN 201910515386 A CN201910515386 A CN 201910515386A CN 110265176 A CN110265176 A CN 110265176A
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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Abstract
A kind of dielectric gradient material, including basis material and filler particles, the filler particles are scattered in basis material, the dielectric constant of at least one filler particles is greater than 40, wherein, dielectric gradient material includes first area, second area and the third region between first area and second area；Filler particles are in catenation towards second area in the first area, and filler particles are in disorder distribution in the second area, and filler particles are in orderly to arrive unordered transition profile in third region.The present invention also provides a kind of applications of dielectric gradient material.Filler particles in dielectric gradient material provided by the present invention, in catenation, are in disorder distribution in second area in first area, in third region in unordered transition state is orderly arrived, to construct the dielectric gradient material that dielectric constant has gradient；The dielectric gradient material has the characteristics that gradient scope is big, has a wide range of application and superior performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to insulating materials preparation technical field more particularly to a kind of dielectric gradient material and its applications.
Background technique
As electric system is to ultra-high/extra-high voltage, large capacity transmission direction develops and pulse power, High-Power Microwave, height
The high and new technology equipments such as power semiconductor develop to high voltage, miniaturization, and the requirement to electrical insulation properties is increasingly
Harsh, due to insulation system in equipment running process, the problem of especially Solid Insulator Breakdown of Electric causes, also becomes increasingly conspicuous.Generally recognize
For the unevenness of electric field higher (internal field's distortion) is to lead to insulation breakdown, the basic reason of edge flashing.In different Jie
The interface of matter, at three binding site of electrode, insulation and gas, due to the change dramatically of dielectric parameter, so that field distribution is not
Uniformly, internal field's distortion is serious, and being easy to produce primary electron leads to shelf depreciation, on the one hand aggravates insulating materials aging, separately
On the one hand cause edge flashing.
In alternation (AC) insulation system of arbitrary structures, field distribution is usually uneven, and in sharp or curvature
The field strength of the lesser surrounding them of radius more distorts, this can become the starting point of insulation weak spot and electric discharge, limits and is
The maximum operating voltage of system.And insulation system geometry once it is determined that, dielectric displacement D distribution only on electrode freely electricity
Lotus is related.Electric field strength E is writeable are as follows:
Wherein, ε0, εrIt is permittivity of vacuum, the relative dielectric constant of insulating materials respectively.If the field strength E (A) of A point
Very high, the relative dielectric constant of point A is increased k times by us, and assumes that the influence to system is small enough on change electrode
Free charge.The distribution of dielectric displacement will not change, and the electric field strength of A point becomes E (A)/k.Above-mentioned steps can be in different zones
Middle iteration.Theoretically, we can obtain quasi- uniform electric field.Many researchs are homogenized electric field by increasing local dielectric constant.
Numerous studies it is verified about dielectric gradient material can effective uniform electric field, improve whole insulation performance.
Using the theory of functionally graded material (Functionally Graded Material, FGM), the dielectric of building is joined
The insulation system of number non-uniform Distribution, in homogenizing AC field and impulse electric field distribution, the electric durability energy for promoting insulation system
And simplified insulation system etc. is with the obvious advantage, application potential is huge.However the operability of dielectric gradient material preparation method,
Flexibility, efficiency and cost determination dielectric gradient material application prospect.
Currently, existing dielectric gradient material preparation method includes centrifugal casting method, lay-up method, electrophoresis and magnetic control
Sputtering method.The material gradient structure distribution as made from centrifugal casting method is limited by the physics law of centrifugal process, it is difficult to meet
The demand of insulating Design, flexibility and controllability are poor, it is difficult to large-scale application in the industry.The product example of lamination side's preparation
Such as disc type and pillar dielectric gradient insulator, dielectric constant changes with insulator radius or height in dull or U-shaped, positive polarity
Edge flashing strength enhancing under lightning impulse voltage 10%~25%；But lay-up method cannot achieve primary integrated molding, hold
Easily haves the defects that Coating combination, dielectric property jump between layers is not inconsistent with Optimum Design Results direction.Utilize electrophoresis
Technology humanized charging particle movement realizes the change of gradient of particle concentration, and then constructs dielectric gradient material.Above-mentioned three kinds of skills
Art is all to introduce the particle of high dielectric constant, and it is normal to improve local dielectric to increase the particle concentration of composite material part
Number.The highest dielectric constant that can be obtained when this kind of particulate matter disorder distribution is restricted, if the volume fraction of addition is smaller,
Then the change in dielectric constant of composite material is little, and the effect for optimizing electric field is weaker；If the volume fraction of addition is excessively high, this can increase
The viscosity of big mixture, is unfavorable for pouring forming technology.Now there are also a kind of preparation methods to utilize magnetron sputtering method by target (dioxy
Change titanium and barium titanate etc.) it is splashed to disc insulator surface, by controlling the sputtering duration of different zones, realize 2D thin-film dielectric
The gradient distribution of constant.This right technology is accomplished that the dielectric distribution of 2D, and the influence to the dielectric constant of 3D insulator is limited, answers
It is still restricted with prospect.Currently, existing dielectric gradient material have be difficult to meet its flexibility of the needs of insulating Design and
Controllability is poor, dielectric constant promotion is limited, is unable to satisfy required for severe non-uniform electric field the disadvantages of big gradient dielectric distribution.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a kind of dielectric gradient materials that dielectric constant is controllable.
In addition, there is a need to provide a kind of application of dielectric gradient material.
A kind of dielectric gradient material, the dielectric gradient material include basis material and filler particles, the filler particles
It is scattered in described matrix material, the dielectric constant of at least one filler particles is greater than 40, wherein the dielectric gradient material
Material includes first area, second area and the third region between the first area and the second area；It is described
Filler particles are in catenation in the first area, and the filler particles are in disorder distribution in the second region, institute
Stating filler particles is in orderly to arrive unordered transition profile in the third region.
Further, the dielectric constant positioned at the dielectric gradient material of the second area is described matrix material
1-5 times, the dielectric constant positioned at the dielectric gradient material of the first area is the dielectric ladder positioned at second area
1-50 times of dielectric constant for spending material, positioned at the third region the dielectric gradient material dielectric constant between being located at
The dielectric of the dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material of first area and the dielectric gradient material positioned at second area is normal
Between number.
Further, the density distribution gradient of the filler particles is located at firstth area in described matrix material
The density of the filler particles in domain is greater than or equal to the density of the filler particles positioned at the second area.
Further, described matrix material includes at least one of thermosetting plastics, thermoplastic and rubber.
Further, described matrix material is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyethylene, silicon rubber, nitrile rubber, ternary
At least one of EP rubbers and sulphurated siliastic.
Further, the filler particles are at least one of ceramics, metallic compound and nonmetallic compound, described
The partial size of filler particles is less than 100 μm.
Further, the filler particles be metal titanate, metal sulfate, metal oxide, nonmetal oxide,
At least one of metal fluoride, metal nitride, metal carbides and non-metallic carbide, the partial size of the filler particles
Less than 50 μm.
Further, further include in the dielectric gradient material in promotor, curing agent, defoaming agent and coupling agent one
Kind is a variety of.
A kind of application of the dielectric gradient material in electrical circuitry equipment and electronic component.
Further, the electrical circuitry equipment includes disc insulator, supporting insulator, composite insulator and compound sleeve
Pipe, the electronic component includes insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the dielectric gradient material is also applied to as insulating coating
On the electrical circuitry equipment and the electronic component.
Filler particles in dielectric gradient material provided by the present invention are in catenation in first area, in second area
In disorder distribution, the third region between first area and second area is in unordered transition profile is orderly arrived, to construct
Dielectric constant has the dielectric gradient material of gradient；The filler particles are the inorganic particle with high dielectric constant, are conducive to
Content of the filler particles in the dielectric gradient material is reduced, that is, reduces the adding proportion of filler particles.Chain simultaneously
The direction of arrangement is consistent with the direction of an electric field in the dielectric gradient material practical application, so that the dielectric gradient material can
Preferably suitable for the environment of high electric field field strength distribution.The dielectric gradient material is big with gradient scope, has a wide range of application
And the features such as superior performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the preparation method flow chart of the dielectric gradient material provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on electric field induction.
Fig. 2 is the dielectric constant distribution map that the dielectric gradient material of the embodiment of the present invention is calculated according to different models.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of dielectric gradient material provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 A is that the dielectric gradient material of specific embodiment of the invention preparation carries out the test chart of optical microscopy test；Figure
4B is the optical microscopy test chart that dielectric gradient material prepared by comparative example 1 carries out；Fig. 4 C is dielectric ladder prepared by comparative example 2
Spend the optical microscopy test chart that material carries out.
Fig. 5 is the scanning electron microscope test figure that the dielectric gradient material of specific embodiment of the invention preparation carries out.
Fig. 6 is the edge flashing of the specific embodiment of the invention, dielectric gradient material prepared by comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
The result figure of test.
Fig. 7 A is that dielectric gradient material prepared by the specific embodiment of the invention and comparative example 1 carries out under the voltage of 8kV
Shelf depreciation test result figure；Fig. 7 B is that dielectric gradient material prepared by the specific embodiment of the invention and comparative example 1 exists
The result figure of the shelf depreciation test carried out under the voltage of 10kV；Fig. 7 C is prepared by the specific embodiment of the invention and comparative example 1
Dielectric gradient material carried out under the voltage of 12kV shelf depreciation test result figure.
Main element symbol description
| Origin | A |
| First area | S1 |
| Second area | S2 |
| Third region | S3 |
The present invention that the following detailed description will be further explained with reference to the above drawings.
Specific embodiment
To better understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention will be described in detail.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, presently filed embodiment and reality
The feature applied in mode can be combined with each other.Many details are explained in the following description in order to fully understand this hair
Bright, described embodiment is only some embodiments of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Mode shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and belong to technical field of the invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to description tool
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein "and/or" includes one or more
All and arbitrary combinations of relevant listed item.
In the various embodiments of the invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention for ease of description, present patent application specification
And term used in claims " connection " is not limited to physics or mechanical connection, it is either direct to go back
It is indirect." upper ", " under ", " lower section ", " left side ", " right side " etc. be only used for indicating relative positional relationship, when being described the exhausted of object
After position change, then the relative positional relationship also correspondingly changes.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of dielectric gradient material based on electric field induction, packet
Include following steps:
Step S1: mixing inorganic particle and liquid state organics obtain a suspension；
Step S2: apply alternating voltage in the suspension, to generate alternating electric field inside the suspension, wherein
Under the action of the alternating electric field, the electric field force that the part inorganic particle is subject to is greater than the part inorganic particle suspended
The viscosity resistance being subject in liquid, so that the part inorganic particle is in catenation along direction of an electric field；
Step S3: carrying out curing process to the suspension after the application alternating voltage, solidify the suspension,
Obtain the dielectric gradient material.
Inorganic particle dispersion is in liquid state organics, and the part inorganic particle is under the action of alternating electric field along electric field side
To catenation, the inorganic particle in addition to the inorganic particle of part moved under alternating electric field it is unobvious or do not move and
It is not arranged in chain；Dielectric gradient material after applying condition of cure, after being solidified.Wherein, the inorganic particle conduct
Filler particles, the liquid state organics form the dielectric gradient material as basis material.
In step sl, the inorganic particle is placed in liquid state organics, passes through the machinery such as ultrasound and/or mechanical stirring
The mode of processing makes the inorganic particle being scattered in the liquid state organics more evenly, forms the suspension.
Further, the inorganic particle includes at least one of ceramics, metallic compound and nonmetallic compound, example
Such as metal titanate, metal sulfate, metal oxide, nonmetal oxide, metal fluoride, metal nitride, metal carbon
Compound and non-metallic carbide etc..
The partial size of the inorganic particle less than 100 μm, for example, 50 μm, 30 μm, 20 μm, 10 μm, 5 μm, 1 μm or nanometer
Size, lesser partial size are conducive to the inorganic particle dispersion in liquid state organics.
Further, inorganic particle of the partial size less than 1 μm is included at least in the suspension, this is conducive to described in stabilization
Suspension.Inorganic particle less than 1 μm can by using ball milling, grind in grinding, vibro-grinding and jet grinding method
It is a kind of come abrasive inorganic particle, to reduce the partial size of the inorganic particle.
Further, the inorganic particle includes that zero dimension is spherical, one-dimensional linear, two-dimensional sheet.
Further, the dielectric constant of the inorganic particle is greater than or equal to 40, and the inorganic particle is perovskite structure,
Such as the inorganic particle of barium titanate, barium strontium titanate etc. or the high dielectric constants such as titanium dioxide, it is inorganic with high dielectric constant
Particles benefit reduces the adding proportion of filler in the content for reducing inorganic particle in the suspension.
Preferably, the dielectric constant of the inorganic particle is greater than or equal to 100.
Further, the volume fraction of the inorganic particle in the suspension is less than or equal to 50%.Preferably, described outstanding
The volume fraction of inorganic particle in turbid is less than or equal to 5%.
It in other examples, further include that coupling agent treatment step is carried out to the inorganic particle.At the coupling agent
Reason step includes the inorganic particle being placed in the solution that ethyl alcohol is collectively constituted with coupling agent to impregnate, or hang described
Coupling agent is added in turbid.The inorganic particle after coupling agent treatment, can be improved the inorganic particle and the liquid
The compatibility of state organic matter, to improve the bond strength of inorganic particle Yu the liquid state organics.
Further, the quality of the coupling agent accounts for the 0.5%-2% of the coupling agent Yu the inorganic particle gross mass.
The liquid state organics are curable material, i.e., by certain condition of cure, keep the liquid state organics solid
Change, the liquid state organics include thermosetting plastics (such as epoxy resin or phenolic resin), thermoplastic (such as poly- second
At least one of alkene) and rubber (such as silicon rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber or sulphurated siliastic).
It further include the one or more of promotor, curing agent and defoaming agent in the suspension.The promotor is used for
It reduces condition of cure and improves curing rate, such as reduce and solidify required temperature or time.The curing agent is for making
The liquid state organics solidification.The defoaming agent for reducing the suspension viscosity.
It further, further include one of acid and alkali or a variety of in the suspension.The acid or alkali are for adjusting
The pH value of the suspension adjusts the Zeta potential of inorganic particle in the suspension, to apply direct current to the suspension
Electrostatic field is generated inside the suspension when field, is conducive to movement of the filler particles in electrostatic field.
Further, the viscosity of the suspension is less than or equal to 100Pas, and lesser viscosity is conducive to improve electric field
Induced efficiency.In other embodiments, the viscosity of the suspension can be reduced by way of heating.
Preferably, the viscosity of the suspension is less than or equal to 10Pas.
In one embodiment, 1 μm of grain graininess of barium titanate is mixed with the epoxy resin E51 that viscosity is 1Pas,
The epoxy resin E51 further includes methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) as curing agent, in the region that electric field strength is 1kV/mm
Interior, the barium titanate is in catenation in 30 minutes, and the catenation is that the inorganic particle has certain arrangement side
To.
In step s 2, apply an alternating voltage after the suspension, the part inorganic particle in the suspension exists
It is moved under the action of alternating electric field along direction of an electric field, thus at catenation.
The mass ratio that the part inorganic particle accounts for inorganic particle gross mass is related with the distribution of electric field strength, for example,
In one embodiment, the electric field force for having the inorganic particle in 20% region to be subject to is greater than viscosity resistance, i.e., the described mass ratio is 20%；
In another embodiment, the electric field force for having the inorganic particle in 70% region to be subject to is greater than viscosity resistance, i.e., the described mass ratio is
70%.
The alternating voltage includes at least one of sinusoidal voltage, triangle wave voltage and Bi-Directional Pulsed Voltage Technique, when
When applying a variety of alternating voltages, the alternating voltage is to be successively applied over simultaneously or successively on the suspension.
Preferably, applying various forms of alternating voltages can drive at least one inorganic particle to transport in liquid state organics
Dynamic, steering or arrangement, to obtain being conducive to the distribution of the inorganic particle of uniform electric field.
The maximum field intensity virtual value that the alternating voltage generates inside the suspension is less than or equal to 5kV/mm.
Under conditions of effective electric-field intensity is less than or equal to 5kV/mm, the wind of flashover occurs for the dielectric gradient material that can reduce preparation
Danger.
Further, in one embodiment, the viscosity of the suspension is that (environment temperature is 40 to 0.4Pas at this time
DEG C), alternation pressurization is applied to the suspension, when electric field strength is lower than 0.1kV/mm, the electric field strength can not drive nothing
Machine particle is arranged, and be higher than 0.1kV/mm when, the inorganic particle completes catenation in 30 minutes, therefore, to described
The electric field strength that suspension applies should be greater than 0.1kV/mm.
Further, the alternating voltage selects frequency separation for 1~10kHZ, and selected frequency separation can mention effectively
High electric field induction turns to and the alignment efficiency of the inorganic particle.
It in another embodiment, further include being cast in the suspension before applying alternating voltage to the suspension
In one casting mold or the step of being coated on a body surface.
It is described to be cast in a casting mold, i.e., the suspension is poured before applying alternating voltage to the suspension
In a casting mold, the suspension is solidified into dielectric gradient material required for a user in casting mold after curing process
The shape of material, the dielectric gradient material include but is not limited to that disc insulator, supporting insulator, suspension insulator and cable are attached
Part.
Further, the surface of the casting mold is coated with release agent, described in the suspension disengaging after being conducive to casting
Casting mold.
Further, the casting mold is made of non-good conductive material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), can assemble described
Electrode needed for dielectric gradient material practice.
It further, further include applying a direct current to be pressed on described hang before the suspension applying an alternating electric field
The step of turbid.The inorganic particle and liquid state organics are mixed to form the suspension, and the inorganic particle surfaces can exist
Diffusion electric double layer.When applying DC voltage, in the effect of electrostatic field electrophoresis motion occurs for the inorganic particle in suspension, has
The particle of positive Zeta potential can be mobile to negative electrode, and the particle with negative Zeta potential can be mobile to positive electrode.Zeta potential
Absolute value is bigger, and the movement velocity of particle is faster, makes inorganic particle in suspension displacement, close to the inorganic of electrode zone
Amounts of particles is opposite to be increased, in the opposite reduction of the inorganic particle quantity far from electrode zone, to make closer apart from the electrode
Region inorganic particle in enrichment state exist.Then under the action of alternating electric field, the inorganic particle is in along direction of an electric field
Catenation is so more advantageous to the dielectric gradient material of construction dielectric constant and density distribution gradient；Meanwhile other areas
The packing volume mark in domain does not have to very high, not only save the cost, but also the processing conducive to product (whole viscosity is smaller).
When an alternating voltage is applied, the inorganic particle is polarized by alternating electric field, the spherical inorganic particle of non-zero dimension
It can be equivalent to electric dipole, be full symmetric since ideal zero dimension is spherical, even if rotating, dipole moment will not become
Change, self-energy will not change, and ideal spherical a possibility that existing in practice is minimum, therefore the inorganic particle is basic
It can be equivalent to electric dipole.When the center line of two electric dipoles and the angle of direction of an electric field are between 0~90 °, institute
Stating electric dipole will be attracted to each other and generate steering moment, otherwise, it will mutually exclusive, final inorganic particle tends to parallel
Orientation chain structure is upwardly formed in the side of electric field.At this time along alternating electric field direction, inorganic particle forms and is coupled with basis material
Structure, dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material in alternating electric field direction meet the calculation formula of parallel model.
Since movement of the inorganic particle in the liquid state organics will receive viscosity resistance, so applying alternating electric field
When, the arrangement of inorganic particle in the base is the function of a time and space, the active force that the inorganic particle receives with
Grain shape, size, apply alternating voltage shape and apply alternating voltage size it is related.The stronger region of alternating electric field,
The arrangement speed of inorganic particle is faster；The arrangement speed in the weaker region of electric field, inorganic particle is slower, or even works as alternating electric field field
It is strong it is small to certain threshold value when, the electrostatic force being polarized between dipole is less than the viscosity resistance (such as surface tension) of matrix, inorganic
Particle can not arrange chaining for original position is limited in.Using this feature, in the process of insulating part, insulating
Apply suitable alternating voltage on the original electrode structure of system, and control suitable action time, in the high office of electric field strength
Precisely construct several times of even several relative dielectric constants for decupling other regions, the size and height of high dielectric constant in portion region
The size in dielectric constant region can be precisely controlled, to reach expected by alternating voltage size, application alternating voltage time
Design.
Generally, inorganic particle is uniformly unordered is dispersed in basis material, and the dielectric constant of dielectric gradient material can lead to
Cross some empirical equations, for example, Maxwell-Ge Neite (Maxwell-Garnett) model, Looyenga model,
The mixed models such as Bruggeman model calculate.Listed calculation formula is as follows:
Maxwell-Garnett formula:
Bruggeman formula:
Looyenga formula:
logεIt is compound=φ log εFiller+(1-φ)logεMatrix
WhereinIt is the volume fraction for adding inorganic particle, εIt is compoundIt is the dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material, εFillerIt is
The dielectric constant of the inorganic particle, εMatrixIt is the dielectric constant of the liquid state organics.
If inorganic particle and liquid state organics form cascaded structure or parallel-connection structure, Jie of dielectric gradient material
Electric constant can be calculated with series model or parallel model, and formula is as follows:
Series model:
Parallel model:
εIt is compound=φ εFiller+(1-φ)εMatrix
Wherein, it is remote that dielectric constant may be implemented in the case where inorganic particle has low packing volume score in parallel model
Greater than other models.It is to form parallel model with liquid state organics that inorganic particle, which is arranged in chain under electric field induction, can
To obtain higher dielectric constant under low filling proportion (relative to mixed model).
Optimize the selection of electric field by above-mentioned mixed model, series model and parallel model, thus in addition compared with low volume
In the case where the filler of score, the dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material part is significantly increased, hence it is evident that improve the dielectric ladder
Spend the insulation performance of material.
Referring to Fig. 2, compound with barium titanate (relative dielectric constant 1250)/epoxy resin (relative dielectric constant 4.5)
For material, it can be seen that when the volume fraction 10% of barium titanate, the opposite dielectric of the dielectric gradient material of parallel model is normal
Number is 20 times of mixed model；When the volume fraction of barium titanate is 20%, the relative dielectric constant of parallel model is hybrid guided mode
30 times of type.And under low volume fraction (less than 30%), the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material of mixed model is not
Effectively promoted, for example, addition volume fraction is 30%, the composite material phase calculated according to Maxwell-Garnett formula
It is 10.3 to dielectric constant, 2.28 times is only improved relative to epoxy resin.And utilize parallel model, it is only necessary to which volume fraction is
0.5% barium titanate particles can improve composite material dielectric constant to 10.8.It can be seen that being mentioned using parallel model
High dielectric constant can substantially save cost of material.Meanwhile the volume fraction of barium titanate is excessively high, will lead to the viscosity of suspension
Increase, mobility is deteriorated, and is unfavorable for the casting processing of product.
In step s3, the condition of cure include but is not limited to stand, heating, illumination it is (such as ultraviolet or visible
Light), mechanical pressurization etc..
Further, applying voltage in time can be overlapped with condition of cure.
In one embodiment, the condition of cure be first 100 DEG C one-step solidification 2 hours, then at 120 DEG C two
Secondary solidification 2 hours.
The present invention also provides a kind of encapsulating methods of electronic component, comprising the following steps:
Step S101: at least two electronic components are provided and are placed in the package module of the electronic component；
Step S102: being added the inorganic particle and the liquid state organics, obtains the suspension, the electronics member device
Part is immersed in the suspension；
Step S103: apply alternating voltage in the suspension, wherein under the action of the alternating electric field, part institute
It states the electric field force that inorganic particle is subject to and is greater than the viscosity resistance that the part inorganic particle is subject in suspension, so that part institute
Inorganic particle is stated along direction of an electric field in catenation；
Step S104: curing process is carried out to the suspension after the application alternating voltage, keeps the suspension solid
Change, thus together by the electronic component encapsulating.
In step s101, the electronic component includes but is not limited to insulated gate bipolar crystal (Insulated
Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT), metal-oxide half field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-
Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, MOSFET) etc..
In step s 103, the alternating voltage of application is less than or equal to the voltage model that the electronic component can bear
It encloses.Preferably, the alternating voltage of application is less than or equal to the voltage rating of the electronic component.
Further, during applying alternating voltage, it can be powered to the electronic component, so can
Operating condition when encapsulating being made to can adapt to the operation of Subsequent electronic component after the suspension solidification of the electronic component.
It further, further include applying a direct current to be pressed on described hang before the suspension applying an alternating electric field
The step of turbid.
The present invention also provides a kind of dielectric gradient material, dielectric gradient material that the dielectric gradient material is induced based on electric field
Obtained by the preparation method of material.The dielectric gradient material be applied to multiple fields, such as make electronic devices interior insulation,
Electrical isolation in electronic component external insulation, electrical circuitry equipment external insulation and electrical circuitry equipment.
Specifically, the electronic component interior insulation includes casting glue, such as insulated gate bipolar crystal
Insulation encapsulated glue and cable accessory for being applied in (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT) module etc.；Institute
Stating electronic component external insulation includes printed circuit board；The electrical circuitry equipment interior insulation includes being used for dry type composite bushing, electric power
Cable, motor interior insulation etc.；The electrical circuitry equipment external insulation includes a variety of insulators, such as composite suspension type insulators, compound air
Core insulation, composite post insulator, disc insulator and supporting insulator etc..
In one embodiment, the dielectric gradient material is for connecting at least two electronic components, the electronics
Component is connected by the dielectric gradient material but mutually insulated.The electronic component includes but is not limited to insulated gate bipolar
Type crystal, metal-oxide half field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect
Transistor, MOSFET) etc..
In another embodiment, the dielectric gradient material is as Embedding Material for breaker and gas-insulated gold
Belong to the disc insulator applied in sealing switch equipment (Gas Insulated Switchgear, GIS).
In addition, the dielectric gradient material is also used to connect at least two electronic components, the electronic component passes through
The dielectric gradient material connection but mutually insulated.The electronic component includes but is not limited to insulated gate bipolar crystal, gold
Category-oxide half field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,
MOSFET) etc..
Further, the dielectric gradient material is also used as insulating coating to be applied to the electrical circuitry equipment and electronics member
On device.
The dielectric gradient material includes basis material and filler particles, and the filler particles are scattered in described matrix,
The dielectric constant of at least one filler particles is greater than or equal to 40, and the dielectric gradient material includes first area S1,
Two region S2And it is located at first area S1With second area S2Between third region S3, the third region S3As first area
S1With second area S2Transitional region；The filler particles are in first area S1It is middle towards second area S2In catenation, institute
Filler particles are stated in second area S2Disorder distribution, the filler particles are in third region S3From orderly to unordered transition profile, i.e.,
Close to the first area S1Position approximation catenation, close to the second area S2Position approximation disorder distribution.
Specifically, the first area S1With second area S2It is according to during preparing the dielectric gradient material
The position of the electrode is divided.Referring to Fig. 3, the electrode placed when preparing is origin A, the first area S1It surrounds
The origin A extends outwardly, and the region closer apart from the origin A, the arrangement of the filler particles is more in catenation, and is situated between
Electrical gradient material is in the first area S closer to origin A1Dielectric constant it is bigger；The region remoter apart from the origin A, institute
The arrangement for stating filler particles is more in disordered state, and dielectric gradient material is in the second area S further away from origin A2Dielectric it is normal
Number is smaller.Therefore, the dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material is at gradient distribution.
In other embodiments, the dielectric gradient material is not limited to circle shown in Fig. 3, and true form can basis
It needs to change, can also be rectangular, oval and other irregular shapes e.g..
Further, it is located at second area S2The dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material be 1-5 times of matrix, be located at
First area S1The dielectric gradient material dielectric constant be located at second area S2The dielectric gradient material dielectric
1-50 times of constant is located at the third region S3The dielectric gradient material dielectric constant between be located at first area S1
The dielectric gradient material dielectric constant and be located at second area S2The dielectric gradient material dielectric constant between.
The dielectric gradient material is located at first area S in practical application1The dielectric gradient material be preferentially placed in it is relatively high
Electric field strength region, be located at second area S2The dielectric gradient material be placed in relatively low electric field strength region.
Further, the dielectric constant of at least one filler particles is normal more than or equal to the dielectric of described matrix material
Several 40 times.
Further, the density distribution gradient of filler particles is located at first area S in described matrix material1Fill out
Expect that the density of particle is greater than or equal to and is located at second area S2Filler particles density.
Further, described matrix material is solidified by the liquid state organics, and the filler particles are described
Inorganic particle.
It further include one of promotor, curing agent, defoaming agent, acid, alkali and coupling agent or a variety of in described matrix material.
The present invention is specifically described below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment
It using epoxy resin E51 as liquid state organics, is added in a blending tank, then methyl hexahydro is added into the blending tank
Phthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) as curing agent, dimethyl benzylamine (BDMA) as promotor, epoxy resin TL-X60 as defoaming agent,
Described in epoxy resin E51, curing agent, promotor and defoaming agent mass ratio be 100:86:1:0.8, with 600 revs/min of speed
Degree stirring 0.5 hour；Then barium titanate particles that 20 parts of partial sizes are 1 μm are added into the blending tank as inorganic particle,
The volume fraction of middle barium titanate particles is 2%, and 0.075 part of silane is added as coupling agent, with 600 in ultrasound environments
Rev/min speed stir 0.5 hour, and deaerate 0.5 hour in 50 DEG C of vacuum environment, obtain a uniform suspension.
The suspension is poured into a mold, the mold is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, the die surface
Jia Dan is coated as release agent, the stick electrode of radius 0.4mm is coaxially run through at center, outer edge hoop has coaxial cylinders electrode.
970V, 6kHz alternating voltage are applied to the stick electrode, cylinder electrode ground connection removes alternating voltage after maintaining 0.5 hour.
The mold is put into baking oven, is solidified according to the programs of 100 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, 120 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, is then demoulded
Obtain electric field induction dielectric gradient material.
Comparative example 1
Unlike embodiment, the suspension does not pass through electric field induction processing, and directly carries out curing process and obtain
To dielectric gradient material.
Other steps are identical as embodiment, are not repeated herein.
Comparative example 2
Unlike embodiment, DC voltage is applied to the suspension, the size of DC voltage is -1kV.
Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 C, Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 C are please referred to respectively to 2 institute of embodiment, comparative example 1 and comparative example
The dielectric gradient material of preparation carries out the test chart of optical microscopy test.From Fig. 4 A as can be seen that prepared by embodiment
It in stick electrode surrounding inorganic particle in enrichment state in dielectric gradient material, and is in chainlike distribution, apart from the stick electrode
Farther away region, catenation are intended to unobvious；As can be seen that dielectric gradient material prepared by comparative example 1 from Fig. 4 B
Inorganic particle disorder distribution；It can be seen that the inorganic particle of dielectric gradient material prepared by comparative example 2 is more from Fig. 4 C
Close to the region of interior electrode, packing density is bigger, and there are the sedimentaries that thickness is about 40 μm at interior electrode surface.
Referring to Fig. 5, being scanned the test chart of testing electronic microscope to dielectric gradient material prepared by embodiment.
It can be seen that the inorganic particle of dielectric gradient material is in catenation around stick electrode.
Referring to Fig. 6, to test dielectric gradient material edge flashing prepared by embodiment, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
Result figure, it can be seen that it is 19.5kV that the dielectric gradient material of embodiment, which has the flashover voltage of 63.2% probability,；And comparative example
It is 14.8kV that 1 dielectric gradient material, which has the flashover voltage of 63.2% probability, and embodiment is relative to its flashover voltage of comparative example 1
Improve 31.8%；It is 16.8kV that the dielectric gradient material of comparative example 2, which has the flashover voltage of 63.2% probability, and embodiment is opposite
In comparative example 2, its flashover voltage improves 16.1%.
Please refer to Fig. 7 A, Fig. 7 B and Fig. 7 C, respectively to dielectric gradient material prepared by embodiment and comparative example 1 8kV,
Shelf depreciation test result figure is carried out under the voltage of 10kV and 12kV.It can be seen that embodiment is made from Fig. 7 A, Fig. 7 B and Fig. 7 C
Standby dielectric gradient material partial discharge quantity will wherein be implemented in Fig. 7 A far below dielectric gradient material prepared by comparative example 1
Example does not generate shelf depreciation in the shelf depreciation discharge test that voltage is 8kV, illustrates that the starting voltage of shelf depreciation increases.
Filler particles in dielectric gradient material provided by the present invention are in catenation in first area, in second area
In disorder distribution, the third region between first area and second area is in unordered transition profile is orderly arrived, to construct
Dielectric constant has the dielectric gradient material of gradient；The filler particles are the inorganic particle with high dielectric constant, are conducive to
Content of the filler particles in the dielectric gradient material is reduced, that is, reduces the adding proportion of filler particles.Chain simultaneously
The direction of arrangement is consistent with the direction of an electric field in the dielectric gradient material practical application, so that the dielectric gradient material can
Preferably suitable for the environment of high electric field field strength distribution.The dielectric gradient material is big with gradient scope, has a wide range of application
And the features such as superior performance.
Embodiment of above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although referring to the above preferable embodiment party
Formula describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technical solution of the present invention
It modifies or equivalent replacement should not all be detached from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dielectric gradient material, which is characterized in that the dielectric gradient material includes basis material and filler particles, described
Filler particles are scattered in described matrix material, and the dielectric constant of at least one filler particles is greater than 40, wherein is given an account of
Electrical gradient material includes first area, second area and the third area between the first area and the second area
Domain；At least one filler particles are in catenation in the first area, and the filler particles are in the second area
In be in disorder distribution, the filler particles are in the third region in orderly arriving unordered transition profile.
2. dielectric gradient material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that positioned at the dielectric ladder of the second area
The dielectric constant of degree material is 1-5 times of described matrix material, positioned at Jie of the dielectric gradient material of the first area
Electric constant is 1-50 times of the dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material positioned at second area, the institute positioned at the third region
The dielectric constant of electrical gradient material is given an account of between the dielectric constant for the dielectric gradient material for being located at first area and is located at the
Between the dielectric constant of the dielectric gradient material in two regions.
3. dielectric gradient material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the density distribution gradient of the filler particles
In described matrix material, it is greater than or equal to positioned at the density of the filler particles of the first area and is located at secondth area
The density of the filler particles in domain.
4. dielectric gradient material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described matrix material include thermosetting plastics,
At least one of thermoplastic and rubber.
5. dielectric gradient material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described matrix material is epoxy resin, phenolic aldehyde
At least one of resin, polyethylene, silicon rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber and sulphurated siliastic.
6. dielectric gradient material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the filler particles are ceramics, metal compound
At least one of object and nonmetallic compound, the partial size of the filler particles is less than 100 μm.
7. dielectric gradient material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the filler particles are metal titanate, gold
Belong to sulfate, metal oxide, nonmetal oxide, metal fluoride, metal nitride, metal carbides and nonmetallic carbonization
At least one of object, the partial size of the filler particles is less than 50 μm.
8. dielectric gradient material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include promoting in the dielectric gradient material
One of agent, curing agent, defoaming agent and coupling agent are a variety of.
9. a kind of application of dielectric gradient material according to claims 1-8 in electrical circuitry equipment and electronic component.
10. the application of dielectric gradient material according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the electrical circuitry equipment includes benzvalene form
Insulator, supporting insulator, composite insulator and composite bushing, the electronic component include insulated gate bipolar crystal
Pipe, the dielectric gradient material are also used as insulating coating to be applied on the electrical circuitry equipment and the electronic component.
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