CN110264381B - House residence ratio estimation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a house occupancy rate estimation method. The invention creatively utilizes the brightness of the lamplight to calculate the residence ratio of the house, comprehensively considers the two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural information of the residential building, and provides an estimation method of the residence ratio of the house. The invention determines the residential building proportion of each grid unit based on residential building data, and carries out residential building partition; the mixed pixel idea is adopted to remove the brightness of the non-residential lights, so that the error caused by removing the non-residential lights by adopting a unique value can be effectively reduced; the house residence ratio is calculated in a partitioning way by adopting the partition thought, so that the simulation precision of the existing method can be effectively improved. In addition, the average relative error (6.33%) of the method is obviously lower than that of the existing estimation method (33.83%), and the method can be used for rapidly, conveniently and accurately acquiring the residence ratio of the house. In addition, the method has low requirement on time limit, and can be applied to data in different periods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a house occupancy rate estimation method.
Background
The housing occupancy is an important indicator reflecting the real occupancy of the housing. The acceleration of urbanization has greatly prompted the development of the real estate industry. The spatial distribution condition of the occupancy rate of the urban houses is accurately mastered, and the method has important significance for the coordinated and orderly development of real estate industry and national economy. With the development of remote sensing and GIS technologies, the application of remote sensing and GIS technologies to monitor the residence ratio of houses has become an important means for rapidly, conveniently and accurately acquiring the real residence condition of houses.
Traditional house occupancy estimates are mainly obtained through statistics, real estate statistics and questionnaires. For example, developed countries reflect the use of housing by a housing empty index system and are provided with authoritative surveys such as the U.S. demographic Bureau (U.S. census Bureau) for three housing surveys: the American society survey (ACS), the current population survey/housing space survey (CPS/HVS) and the American Housing Survey (AHS) mainly perform the survey and analysis of the stock housing, but the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming to research, can not acquire the internal space distribution information of the housing occupancy rate, and also has different statistical calibers and statistical scales of different countries. The real estate empty rate survey is generally statistics of the conditions of the real estate company, such as the number of unsold houses, the number of houses which are not received, and the like, and is generally developed in a small range, so that the real estate survey cannot be widely applied.
Moreover, the method has the defects of statistics caliber and statistics scale difference, time and labor consumption during investigation and the like, and cannot be widely applied, and the internal space distribution information of the residence ratio of the house cannot be obtained. Although the acquisition of the room space percentage based on remote sensing and GIS means provides a solution for simulating the spatial distribution of the residence percentage of the room, the method has the defects that the proportion of the residential building cannot be accurately identified, the three-dimensional structure information of the residential building is not considered, and the like, and has a certain influence on simulation precision.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for estimating the residence time of a house that can improve the above-mentioned technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the technical problems, the invention provides an estimation method of a house occupancy rate, which comprises the following steps:
1) Preprocessing night lamplight data;
2) Determining the area ratio of residential buildings to non-residential areas;
3) Residential area partition;
4) Extracting the light brightness of the residential area;
5) Determining the light brightness of the fully-populated areas in different areas;
6) And (5) calculating the residence time of the house.
In the step 1), the pretreatment is to remove background noise, wherein the background noise comprises short-time light data of forest fires, aurora, volcanoes and the like, mountain top snow, dry beds and the like. The preprocessing adopts eight neighborhood algorithm to carry out smoothing processing on night light data, and resampling the night light data into 450m multiplied by 450m for the convenience of calculation.
In step 2), since the construction land is composed of two parts of residential building and non-residential area, the non-residential area ratio can be determined.
The construction land may be extracted by any one of land use data, land cover, water impermeable surface, and the like.
For example, urban construction land is extracted based on land utilization data, and the area ratio of the building in each fishing net is calculated by taking 450m×450m fishing net as a statistical unit. Taking 450m multiplied by 450m fishing nets as statistical units, wherein the area proportion of the non-living areas is the area proportion of construction in the fishing net units minus the area proportion of living buildings in the fishing net units;
the determination of the non-residential area proportion is shown in the following formula (1):
（1）
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the area proportion of non-living area, +.>For the construction land area in the fishing net unit, < > for>Is the area of the fishing net unit->The area ratio of the residential building in the fishing net unit.
Specifically, based on residential building data, 450m×450m fishing nets are used as statistical units, the residential building area ratio and the residential building area ratio of different floor numbers in each fishing net unit are calculated, and the calculation formulas are shown in formula (2) and formula (3):
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the first part in the fishing net unit>Floor number residential building area ratio->Is the number of floors (L)>、/>Are respectively the +.>Building area of floor number and unit area of fishing net; />Is the highest floor number in the fishing net unit.
In the step 3), the living area is specifically: based on the area proportion of living buildings with different floor numbers of each fishing net unit, the living areas are partitioned according to classification standards of low layers, middle and high layers, wherein the low layers are 1-n1 layers, the middle layers are n 2-n 3 layers, the middle and high layers are n 4-n 5 layers, and the high layers are n6-n layers; for example, the lower layer is 1-3 layers, the middle layer is 4-6 layers, the middle and high layers are 7-9 layers, the high layers are >9 layers, and the n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 are integers greater than 1; the calculation formulas of the residential area partitions are shown as formula (4) and formula (5):
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the highest proportion of residential building area in the fishing net unit->Is the residential building category of the fishing net unit.
And 4) extracting the lamplight brightness of the residential area. Because night light not only contains residential building light, but also possibly includes stray light such as roads, commercial areas, parks and the like, in order to obtain pure residential building light in the fishing net unit, non-residential area light in the fishing net unit needs to be removed. The mixed pixel idea is adopted, and the calculation formula of the lamplight brightness of the residential area is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,average light intensity in proportion to the area of the unoccupied zone, +.>For the brightness of the light in the living area>Is the original light brightness.
Further, the saidThe method can be used for calculation by the following method: selecting a plurality (e.g., 100-300, e.g., 200) of images based on the high-resolution remote sensing imageThe method comprises the steps that pixels of residential buildings are not contained at all, and the light brightness value of a sample is extracted; and then, calculating the light brightness corresponding to the area ratio of the unit non-residential area, and determining the average light brightness of the area ratio of the unit non-residential area by averaging, wherein a calculation formula is shown in a formula (7).
In the method, in the process of the invention,selecting a sample number for the unoccupied zone, +.>Is->And the corresponding lamplight brightness of each sample.
And 5) determining the light brightness of the fully populated areas in different areas. The step 5) specifically comprises the following steps: and determining the light brightness of the fully populated areas in each partition.
Further, statistics can be performed on the luminance frequency histogram of each residential area based on the residential area partition result in the step 3) and the residential area light luminance extraction result in the step 4), and for convenience in calculation, the light value of each pixel can be rounded. The light brightness of the fully-populated living area of different partitions can be respectively selected according to the frequency histogram, and the light brightness with the accumulated frequency reaching 80% is used as the light brightness of the fully-populated living area of the partition.
In step 6), the occupancy of the house may be determined based on the occupancy light ratio. The calculation formula of the house residence ratio is shown as formula (8).
In the method, in the process of the invention,is->House occupancy rate and residential area light brightness of individual fishing net units->To fully set the light brightness of the living area.
Advantageous effects
The invention creatively utilizes the brightness of the lamplight to calculate the residence ratio of the house, comprehensively considers the two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural information of the residential building, and provides an estimation method of the residence ratio of the house. The invention determines the residential building proportion of each grid unit based on residential building data, and carries out residential building partition; the mixed pixel idea is adopted to remove the brightness of the non-residential lights, so that the error caused by removing the non-residential lights by adopting a unique value can be effectively reduced; the house residence ratio is calculated in a partitioning way by adopting the partition thought, so that the simulation precision of the existing method can be effectively improved. In addition, the average relative error (6.33%) of the method is obviously lower than that of the existing estimation method (33.83%), and the method can be used for rapidly, conveniently and accurately acquiring the residence ratio of the house.
In addition, the method has low requirement on time limit, and can be applied to data in different periods.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general technical flow chart of a method for estimating a residence ratio in a house.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the process of step 1) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a process flow diagram of step 2) of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of step 3) of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a process flow diagram of step 4) of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a process flow diagram of step 5) of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A method for estimating a residence time of a building, comprising the steps of:
step 1: and preprocessing night lamplight data. Because the NPP-VIIRS night light data comprise short-time light data such as forest fires, aurora, volcanoes and the like and mountain top snow and dry bed background noise, the data need to be preprocessed in order to eliminate noise influence. The processing flow is shown in fig. 2, and the preprocessing scheme adopts an eight-neighborhood algorithm to smooth night light data, so that the night light data is resampled to 450m×450m for convenient calculation.
Step 2: the proportion of residential building to non-residential area is determined. The process flow is shown in fig. 3, where the residential building patch area is the floor area of each residential building element. Based on residential building data, 450m multiplied by 450m fishing nets are used as statistical units, the residential building area proportion and the residential building area proportion of different floor numbers in each fishing net unit are calculated, and the calculation formulas are shown in the formulas (2) and (3). Based on land utilization data, urban construction land is extracted, 450m×450m fishing nets are used as statistical units, and the area proportion of the building in each fishing net is calculated. Since the construction land is composed of two parts of residential building and non-residential area, the non-residential area ratio can be determined, and the calculation formula is shown as formula (1).
In the method, in the process of the invention,is the first part in the fishing net unit>Floor number residential building area ratio->Is the number of floors (L)>、/>Are respectively the +.>Building area of floor number and unit area of fishing net; />For the area proportion of the residential building in the fishing net unit, < + >>The highest floor number in the fishing net unit; />For the area proportion of non-living area, +.>The construction land area in the fishing net unit is used.
Step 3: residential zone partitions. The processing flow is shown in fig. 4, based on the ratio of the residential building areas of different floor numbers of each fishing net unit obtained in the step 2, the residential areas are partitioned according to the classification standards of the lower layer (1-3 layers), the middle layer (4-6 layers), the middle and high layers (7-9 layers) and the high layer (> 9 layers), and the calculation formulas are shown in the formula (4) and the formula (5):
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the highest proportion of residential building area in the fishing net unit->Is the residential building category of the fishing net unit.
Step 4: and extracting the light brightness of the residential area. As shown in FIG. 5, since night lights include not only residential building lights but also stray lights such as roads, business areas, parks, etc., it is necessary to remove non-residential area lights in the fishing net unit in order to obtain pure residential building lights in the fishing net unit. Because of the different light brightness of urban and suburban areas, we consider that when the proportion of construction land in the fishing net unit is 100%, the fishing net unit is positioned in the urban area, and when the proportion is lower than 100%, the light brightness of the residential area is determined for suburban areas, suburban areas and suburban areas. Firstly, 200 pixels which do not contain residential buildings at all are randomly selected from urban areas and suburban areas respectively based on high-resolution remote sensing images to serve as non-residential building area samples, and light brightness values of the samples are extracted; then, calculating the light brightness corresponding to the area proportion of the unit non-living area, and determining the average light brightness of the area proportion of the unit non-living area by calculating the average value, wherein a calculation formula is shown in a formula (7); and finally, adopting a mixed pixel idea, and respectively calculating the lamplight brightness of the residential areas in the urban area and suburban grid units according to the formula (6).
In the method, in the process of the invention,average light intensity in proportion to the area of the unoccupied zone, +.>Selecting a sample number for the unoccupied zone, +.>Is->The light brightness corresponding to the samples; />For the brightness of the light in the living area>Is the original light brightness.
Step 5: and determining the light brightness of the fully-populated areas in the different areas. The process flow is shown in fig. 6, and to calculate the occupancy rate, it is first necessary to determine the light brightness of the fully populated areas of each partition. Based on the residential area partition result in the step 3 and the residential area lamplight brightness extraction result in the step 4, statistics is carried out on the lamplight brightness frequency histogram of each partition, and the lamplight value of each pixel is rounded for convenient calculation. And respectively selecting the light brightness with the cumulative frequency reaching 80% as the light brightness of the fully populated areas of the subareas according to the frequency histogram.
Step 6: and (5) calculating the residence time of the house. And (5) respectively calculating the house occupancy rate of each fishing net unit based on the light brightness of the fully populated areas determined in the step (5), wherein a calculation formula is shown in a formula (8).
In the method, in the process of the invention,and->Respectively +.>House occupancy rate and residential area light brightness of individual fishing net units->To fully set the light brightness of the living area.
The average relative error of the process according to the invention is 6.33%.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of estimating a housing occupancy, the method comprising the steps of: the ratio of the light brightness of the residential area to the light brightness of the fully-arranged residential area is the housing occupancy rate;
the estimation method comprises the following steps:
1) Preprocessing night lamplight data;
2) Determining the area ratio of residential buildings to non-residential areas;
3) Residential area partition;
the method comprises the following steps: partitioning a living area according to classification standards of a low layer, a middle layer and a high layer based on the area proportion of living buildings with different floor numbers of each fishing net unit, wherein the low layer is 1-n1 layer, the middle layer is n 2-n 3 layer, the middle layer is n 4-n 5 layer, the high layer is n6-n layer, and n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are integers greater than 1; the calculation formulas of the residential area partitions are shown as formula (4) and formula (5):
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the first part in the fishing net unit>Floor number residential building area ratio->Is the number of floors (L)>For the highest proportion of residential building area in the fishing net unit->The residential building category of the fishing net unit;
4) Extracting the light brightness of the residential area;
the calculation formula of the lamplight brightness of the residential area is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,average light intensity in proportion to the area of the unoccupied zone, +.>For the brightness of the light of the residential area,for the original light brightness>Is the area proportion of the unoccupied zone;
the saidThe calculation formula of (2) is shown as formula (7):
in the method, in the process of the invention,selecting a sample number for the unoccupied zone, +.>Is->Personal sampleThe corresponding light brightness;
5) Determining the light brightness of the fully-populated areas in different areas;
6) And (5) calculating the residence time of the house.
2. The method of estimating a housing occupancy according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the preprocessing is to remove background noise including forest fires, aurora, volcanic short-time light data and mountain top snow, dry bed;
the preprocessing adopts eight neighborhood algorithm to carry out smoothing processing on night light data, and resampling the night light data into 450m multiplied by 450m for the convenience of calculation.
3. The method for estimating a housing occupancy rate according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), a fishing net is used as a statistical unit, and the area ratio of the non-occupied area is a ratio of the area for construction in the fishing net unit minus a ratio of the area for residential construction in the fishing net unit;
the determination of the non-residential area proportion is shown in the following formula (1):
（1）
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the construction land area in the fishing net unit, < > for>Is the area of the fishing net unit->The area ratio of the residential building in the fishing net unit.
4. The method for estimating a housing occupancy rate according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2), based on the occupancy data, the number of floors in each fishing net unit and the ratio of the areas of the occupied buildings are calculated by using the fishing net as a statistical unit, and the calculation formulas are shown in the formulas (2) and (3):
in the method, in the process of the invention,、/>are respectively the +.>Building area of floor number and unit area of fishing net; />Is the highest floor number in the fishing net unit.
5. The method for estimating a housing occupancy according to claim 1, wherein the step 5) is specifically: determining the light brightness of the fully-populated areas in each partition;
and respectively selecting the lamplight brightness with the cumulative frequency reaching 80% as the lamplight brightness of the fully populated living area of the partition according to the frequency histogram.
6. The method of estimating a housing occupancy according to claim 1, wherein in step 6), the calculation formula of the housing occupancy is shown in the formula (8):
in the method, in the process of the invention,is->The housing occupancy rate and the light brightness of the residential area of each fishing net unit,to fully set the light brightness of the living area.
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| CN112911243B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-06-03 | 江苏开拓信息与系统有限公司 | Method for analyzing vacancy rate of house by aid of high-altitude parabolic monitoring |
| CN112954623B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-05-20 | 苏州丽景智行交通工程咨询有限公司 | Resident occupancy rate estimation method based on mobile phone signaling big data |
| CN112907063B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2023-02-28 | 国网河北省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 | Population mobility rate and house vacancy rate determining method and terminal equipment |
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