CN110262044B - Non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice period adjusting system based on zoom lens - Google Patents
Non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice period adjusting system based on zoom lens Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice period adjusting system based on a zoom lens, which comprises a laser, a first half-wave plate, a lens group for expanding beams, a beam splitting prism, a second half-wave plate, a spatial light modulator, a first lens, a mask plate, a reflecting mirror, a second lens, a zoom lens, a third lens and a detector. After being reflected by a reflector, the light beam retaining the basic level information is interfered behind the reflector to form a non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice through a second lens, then sequentially passes through a zoom lens and a third lens, and is imaged on a detector, wherein the position of a back focal plane of the zoom lens is kept unchanged during focusing, and the distance between the zoom lens and the third lens is the sum of the back focal length of the zoom lens and the front focal length of the third lens; by adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens, the continuous change of the amplification factor of the beam expanding system is realized, so that the quick and continuous adjustment of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid and continuous adjusting system for a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period, in particular to a common system for generating a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice by an optical field regulation and control method based on a spatial light modulator, a multi-core optical fiber interference method and the like.
Background
The optical lattice is a periodic potential well pattern created by multiple laser beam interflow interference. As early as 1989, Baeer laboratory Shienchanter et al used two laser beams propagating in opposite directions to generate an interference standing wave field, and realized a one-dimensional optical lattice for the first time in the experiment. Then, Grynberg et al successfully obtain two-dimensional optical lattices and three-dimensional optical lattices by arranging interference of a plurality of beams of laser light according to a certain rule, and theoretically generalize the generation conditions of the optical lattices. However, the period of wavelength order makes the optical lattice cells not easy to distinguish, and the limitation of the cell shape in all directions is not uniform, which seriously affects the application feasibility of the technology. Based on theoretical design in 2005, professor EricBetzig creatively provides two novel structures of sparse lattices (sparse lattices) and composite lattices (CompositeLattices), completes high-quality amplification of the whole optical lattice, and breaks through the limitation of the period on the wavelength level. And then, the combination of the optical lattice and the non-diffraction light beam further enhances the flexibility of adjusting the period of the optical lattice, so that the optical lattice can obtain wide application space in the fields of super-resolution microscopy, photonic lattice photoetching, micro-nano control, surface shape measurement and the like.
The development of optical lattice technology cannot be separated from the improvement of the period regulation capability. The period of the optical lattice, i.e. the spacing between each unit cell in the light field pattern, is a parameter that has a significant impact on expanding optical lattice applications. At present, the combination of an optical lattice and a non-diffraction light beam can generate a non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice, and the periodic adjustment of the optical lattice has certain flexibility and has the theoretical basis of periodic continuous adjustment. However, in the period adjustment process of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice, the optical path structure is often required to be adjusted to meet the theoretical condition, namely, the position of the optical element is adjusted or the optical element is replaced. For example, a non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice can be generated by using a light field regulation and control method based on a spatial light modulator, and if a conventional method is adopted to regulate the period of the non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice, the size of a mask plate in a light path system needs to be changed, namely the mask plate is replaced, or the focal length of a lens behind the mask plate is changed, namely the lens is replaced, and meanwhile, the position of the lens needs to be regulated for focusing. The method has low efficiency, the structure of the light path is required to be changed every time the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice is changed, and the continuous adjustment of the period of the two-dimensional optical lattice is difficult to realize due to the fact that parameters of light path elements are not continuously changed. Therefore, aiming at the current situation, the rapid and continuous adjustment of the two-dimensional optical lattice period without diffraction is realized, the control capability of the two-dimensional optical lattice period can be further enhanced, and the development and application fields of the two-dimensional optical lattice period are facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system capable of realizing rapid and continuous adjustment of the period of a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice. The technical scheme is as follows:
a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period adjusting system based on a zoom lens comprises a laser, a first half-wave plate, a lens group for expanding beams, a beam splitter prism, a second half-wave plate, a spatial light modulator, a first lens, a mask plate, a reflector, a second lens, a zoom lens, a third lens and a detector, wherein laser is emitted from the laser, the polarization direction of the laser is adjusted through the first half-wave plate, the beam of the lens group is expanded, the laser reaches the spatial light modulator through the beam splitter prism and the second half-wave plate, the spatial light modulator performs phase modulation on the laser, then returns to the beam splitter prism and reflects the laser into a rear light path, Fourier transformation is performed on the laser through the first lens, frequency domain information is displayed at the position of the mask plate, the mask plate only retains base level information for filtering the frequency domain information, and the laser beam retaining the base level information is reflected by the reflector and then interferes to, then sequentially passing through a zoom lens and a third lens, and imaging on a detector, wherein the position of a back focal plane of the zoom lens is kept unchanged during focusing, and the distance between the zoom lens and the third lens is the sum of the back focal length of the zoom lens and the front focal length of the third lens; by adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens, the continuous change of the amplification factor of the beam expanding system is realized, so that the quick and continuous adjustment of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period can be realized.
Preferably, the maximum and minimum focal lengths of the zoom lens should be selected according to the period adjustment requirement: if the period needs to be amplified and adjusted, the minimum focal length of the zoom lens is smaller than the focal length of the third lens; if the period needs to be adjusted in a reduction mode, the maximum focal length of the zoom lens is larger than the focal length of the third lens.
The invention provides a light path design scheme of a zoom lens period adjusting system, which realizes the rapid and continuous adjustment of a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period, and the designed light path system has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the adjustment of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period is continuous, and the focal length of the zoom lens can be continuously adjusted, so that the parameters of the optical path element can be continuously changed, and the continuous adjustment effect of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period is conveniently realized.
(2) The method is more efficient, the built optical path structure is not required to be changed, the structural position of an optical path element is not required to be changed, the quick change of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period can be completed only by adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens in the original position, the method is simple and easy to implement, and the adjustment efficiency is improved.
(3) The zoom lens-containing period adjusting system is simple in structure, easy to install and convenient to embed into various systems capable of generating diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattices, and provides the capability of quickly and continuously adjusting the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattices for the systems.
(4) The high-quality rapid continuous amplification of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice is realized, and the technology can be helped to cope with various application and measurement conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the generation of a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a zoom lens period adjustment system
FIG. 3 zoom lens
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of the period of a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice with a zoom lens period adjustment system
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a light field regulation method based on a spatial light modulator with a zoom lens period regulation system
FIG. 6 shows the effect of adjusting the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice with the zoom lens period adjusting system (a) when the lens is not focused (b) when the lens is focused (a), the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice is increased
The reference numerals are explained below: structured light source 1, lens 2, detector 3, zoom lens 4, lens 5, laser 6, half-wave plate 7, lens 8, lens 9, lens 10, lens 11, beam splitter prism 12, half-wave plate 13, spatial light modulator 14, lens 15, mask plate 16 and reflector 17.
Detailed Description
The zoom lens period adjusting system can realize the quick and continuous adjustment of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice has the characteristic that the two-dimensional optical lattice pattern propagates forwards in parallel, and the pattern does not diverge or contract. Although the undiffracted beam is not parallel light, it has properties similar to parallel light in certain specific cases. For example, a common parallel light beam expanding system (a lens group consisting of two lenses with unequal focal lengths) can generate a beam expanding effect on parallel light, and the research of the invention finds that the system can also realize integral amplification on a non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice, so that the adjustment on the period of the non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice is completed. The period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice is determined by the wave vector direction of the interference plane wave, and the parallel light beam expanding system can adjust the wave vector direction of the interference plane wave generating the diffraction-free optical lattice, so that the parallel light beam expanding system generates an amplification effect similar to a parallel light beam. Based on the structure shown in FIG. 2, the invention replaces the previous lens in the parallel light beam expanding system with the zoom lens to form a new period adjusting system, and the rapid and continuous change of the magnification factor of the beam expanding system can be realized through the rapid and continuous adjusting characteristic of the focal length of the zoom lens, thereby completing the rapid and continuous adjustment of the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a non-diffractive two-dimensional optical lattice, in which a structured light source 1 is placed on a front focal plane of a lens 2, and then interference is completed through the lens 2 to form the non-diffractive two-dimensional optical lattice. In fig. 1, there are two factors affecting the period of the non-diffractive two-dimensional optical lattice, namely, the structural parameters of the structural light source 1 and the focal length of the lens 2. Periodic adjustment can be achieved using these two factors, but is cumbersome. Changing the structure of the structured light source 1 inevitably changes the light path structure, for example, in the light field regulation and control method based on the spatial light modulator, the shape and size of the mask plate need to be changed, and in the multi-core optical fiber method, the position of the optical fiber needs to be readjusted. Changing the focal length of the lens 2 means changing the lens with different focal length, and the lens 2 cannot be replaced by a zoom lens because the light beam entering the lens 2 is not parallel light, and a certain distance needs to be kept between the lens 2 and the light source 1 in order to form a two-dimensional optical lattice. And the position of the lens is adjusted when the lens with different focal lengths is replaced to realize refocusing. In the process of adjusting the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice, if the optical path structure is to be continuously modified, the period adjustment is inefficient and inconvenient.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a zoom lens period adjustment system according to the present invention, in which a light beam passes through a zoom lens 4 and then passes through a lens 5. an ordinary parallel beam expansion system is a lens with two determined focal lengths, and can only amplify a non-diffractive two-dimensional optical lattice by a determined magnification, while a zoom lens period adjustment system can rapidly and continuously adjust the magnification in situ, as shown in FIG. 3, the zoom lens is often used in combination with a CCD or other detector, so that the image focal length f of the zoom lens is determined, i.e., the position of the image focal plane is determined, and only the light beam convergence angle α in the image is changed during focusing, which provides convenience for the zoom lens to cooperate with the subsequent lens in the beam expansion system.
The method of using the beam expanding system with the zoom lens is as shown in fig. 4, and the period adjusting system with the zoom lens is directly placed at a certain distance behind the lens 2. The distance should not be too short because the beams do not interfere completely at short distances; too long is also undesirable because the non-diffracted beam produced in actual experiments is not ideal, the non-diffracted distance is limited, and interference patterns can dissipate at too long a distance. This distance should preferably be in the vicinity of the image focal length of the lens 2. Wherein, the lens 2 generates good non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice, and the periodic system with the zoom lens is embedded behind the lens by utilizing the non-diffraction property, so that the quick and continuous adjustment of the period of the non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice can be realized.
Fig. 5 is a light path of a light field regulation method based on a spatial light modulator with an added zoom lens period regulation system, laser is emitted from a laser 6, the polarization direction is regulated through a half-wave plate 7, beam expansion is performed twice through a lens 8/9/10/11, the laser reaches the spatial light modulator 14 through a beam splitter prism and a half-wave plate 13, the spatial light modulator performs phase modulation on the laser, the laser returns to the beam splitter prism and is reflected to enter a rear light path, the lens 15 performs fourier transform on the laser, frequency domain information is displayed at a mask plate 16, the mask plate 16 only retains basic level information for filtering the frequency domain information, and the basic level information is equivalent to the structural light source 1 constructed in fig. 1. The light beam is reflected by the reflecting mirror 17 and then interfered by the lens 2 to form a diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice. The zoom lens 4 and the lens 5 are embedded into the system, the capability of quickly and continuously adjusting the period of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice is provided, and imaging is completed on the detector 3. Therefore, the generation system with the zoom lens period adjusting system embedded into the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice is simple and feasible and has strong practicability.
Fig. 6 is data of an example of the adjustment of the period of the non-diffractive two-dimensional optical lattice using the zoom lens period adjustment system, and the adjustment of the period of the non-diffractive two-dimensional optical lattice can be completed by manually adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens after the zoom lens period adjustment system is installed in the system. The period of the dot matrix pattern collected in fig. 6(a) is 493.3 micrometers through image processing, the period of fig. 6(b) is 565.0 micrometers, and the zoom lens is adjusted to achieve the amplification effect of the two-dimensional optical dot matrix.
Claims (2)
1. A non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice period adjusting system based on a zoom lens comprises a laser, a first half-wave plate, a lens group for expanding beams, a beam splitter prism, a second half-wave plate, a spatial light modulator, a first lens, a mask plate, a reflecting mirror, a second lens, a zoom lens, a third lens and a detector; laser is emitted from a laser, the polarization direction is adjusted through a first half-wave plate, beam expansion of a lens group is carried out, the laser reaches a spatial light modulator through a beam splitter prism and a second half-wave plate, the spatial light modulator carries out phase modulation on the laser, then the laser returns to the beam splitter prism and is reflected to enter a rear light path, the laser is subjected to Fourier transform through a first lens, the frequency domain information is displayed at the position of the mask plate, the mask plate only retains the basic level information after filtering the frequency domain information, the light beam retaining the basic level information is reflected by the reflector, forming a non-diffraction two-dimensional optical lattice by the interference of the second lens, then sequentially passing through the zoom lens and the third lens, and imaging on a detector, the position of a back focal plane of the zoom lens is kept unchanged during focusing, and the distance between the zoom lens and the third lens is the sum of the back focal length of the zoom lens and the front focal length of the third lens; by adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens, the continuous change of the amplification factor of the beam expanding system is realized, so that the quick and continuous adjustment of the diffraction-free two-dimensional optical lattice period can be realized.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the maximum and minimum focal lengths of the zoom lens are selected according to the adjustment requirement: if the period needs to be amplified and adjusted, the minimum focal length of the zoom lens is smaller than the focal length of the third lens; if the period needs to be adjusted in a reduction mode, the maximum focal length of the zoom lens is larger than the focal length of the third lens.
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