CN110261965B - 一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头 - Google Patents

一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头 Download PDF

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CN110261965B
CN110261965B CN201910589415.XA CN201910589415A CN110261965B CN 110261965 B CN110261965 B CN 110261965B CN 201910589415 A CN201910589415 A CN 201910589415A CN 110261965 B CN110261965 B CN 110261965B
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Abstract

本发明涉及光纤技术领域，具体涉及一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，包括一光纤纤芯头，所述光纤纤芯头为柱状，所述光纤纤芯头由石英材料制成，所述光纤芯头上表面设有缝隙，所述缝隙内表面设有一层贵金属颗粒。通过在光纤纤芯头上表面设置缝隙，当入射光照射时，缝隙内表面上的贵金属颗粒与入射光之间发生耦合，在贵金属颗粒表面产生很强的局域电场，对于入射光产生很强的吸收和耗散，从而提高本申请实施例光纤头的表面拉曼散射信号。解决了现有技术中存在的光纤拉曼散射信号弱的技术问题，具有很好的推广实用价值。

Description

一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤技术领域，具体涉及一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头。
背景技术
光纤是光导纤维的简写，是一种由玻璃或塑料制成的纤维，可作为光传导工具。传输原理是“光的全反射”。拉曼效应(Raman scattering)，也称拉曼散射，指光波在被散射后频率发生变化的现象。
当光照射到物质上时会发生散射，散射光中除了与激发光波长相同的弹性成分(瑞利散射)外，还有比激发光的波长长的和短的成分，后一现象统称为拉曼效应。由分子振动、固体中的光学声子等元激发与激发光相互作用产生的非弹性散射称为拉曼散射，一般把瑞利散射和拉曼散射合起来所形成的光谱称为拉曼光谱。由于拉曼散射非常弱，所以直到1928年才被印度物理学家拉曼等人发现。
而光纤拉曼散射效应随着1881年英国科学家瑞利(Rayleigh)，提出光的散射至由介质的密度起伏造成的，Rayleigh散射光的强度与光波波长的四次方成反比。研究发现拉曼散射光谱的频移与分子的振动，转动运动有关，在量子理论基础上，建立拉曼散射光谱的理论。另一方面，拉曼散射光谱也成为研究分子结构及其运动特性的重要工具。但目前光纤头的表面拉曼散射效应都很弱，很难增强。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头。本发明要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案实现：
一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，包括：一光纤纤芯头，所述光纤纤芯头为柱状；所述光纤纤芯头由石英材料制成；所述光纤芯头上表面设有缝隙；所述缝隙内表面设有一层贵金属颗粒。
进一步地，所述缝隙为矩形或者楔形。
进一步地，所述缝隙包括第一缝隙和第二缝隙。
进一步地，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙形状相同或者不同。
进一步地，所述缝隙深度为1～10μm；所述缝隙宽度100～1000nm。
进一步地，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙平行或者垂直相交于所述光纤纤芯头的端面。
进一步地，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙相交处设有一锥形孔。
进一步地，所述缝隙内部设有一纳米线；所述纳米线由热膨胀材料制成。
进一步地，所述缝隙内表面粗糙。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：
1、本申请实施例提供了一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，通过在光纤纤芯头上表面设置缝隙，当入射光照射时，缝隙内表面上的贵金属颗粒与入射光之间发生耦合，在贵金属颗粒表面产生很强的局域电场，对于入射光产生很强的吸收和耗散，从而提高本申请实施例光纤头的表面拉曼散射信号。
2、本申请实施例提供了一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，缝隙内填充有热膨胀材料制成的纳米线，当环境温度改变，纳米线发生膨胀或者收缩，纳米线的体积发生改变，同时引起缝隙宽度的改变，从而改变贵金属颗粒处的激发电场位置与强度，改变入射光与本申请实施例探测结构之间的耦合模式，产生不同的拉曼信号，从而达到通过外界环境调节拉曼信号的目的。同理，可通过所测得的拉曼信号实现对环境或者设备温度的探测。
附图说明
图1是本发明可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头的结构示意图一；
图2是本发明可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头的结构示意图二。
图中：1、光纤纤芯头；2、缝隙；3、贵金属颗粒。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1：
为解决目前光纤头的表面拉曼散射信号无法增强的问题，本实施例提供了一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，如图1和图2所示，包括：一光纤纤芯头1，所述光纤纤芯头1为柱状，所述光纤纤芯头1由石英材料制成，所述光纤芯头上表面设有缝隙2，所述缝隙2内表面设有一层贵金属颗粒3。
具体而言：
本实施例提供了一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，通过在光纤纤芯头1上表面设置缝隙2，通过缝隙2内表面上的贵金属颗粒3与入射光之间的耦合，当入射光照射时，将入射光引导至缝隙2内部，缝隙内表面上的贵金属颗粒3与入射光之间发生耦合，在贵金属颗粒3表面产生很强的局域电场，对于入射光产生很强的吸收和耗散，，从而提高本实施例光纤头的表面拉曼散射信号，达到增强光纤头表面拉曼散射信号的目的。
特别的，所述缝隙2为矩形或者楔形，楔形头部开口宽，底部窄，力学性能更稳定。
如图1与图2所示，所述缝隙2包括第一缝隙和第二缝隙，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙形状相同或者不同，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙平行或者垂直相交于所述光纤纤芯头1的端面，所述缝隙2深度为1～10μm，所述缝隙2宽度100～1000nm。当所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙垂直时，光纤内的能量更容易一种在上述两缝隙的交叉处，有利于充分利用光纤中的能量，激发贵金属颗粒3中的表面等离激元。当所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙平行时，两缝隙间的夹层可以很薄，以增强两缝隙中贵金属颗粒3上的表面等离激元耦合，进而增强贵金属颗粒3上的局域电场，进一步地增强拉曼信号的强度。
多条缝隙2可以增加入射光与贵金属颗粒3之间的耦合，增加电场的局域面积，从而达到增强光纤头表面拉曼散射信号的目的。
所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙相交处设有一锥形孔。
具体的，光纤纤芯头1头部为圆锥的底，这样一来，将光纤纤芯头1中部的能量分布到光纤纤芯头1上缝隙2的两侧，增强两侧缝隙2上贵金属颗粒3的激发电场，从而产生更强的表面拉曼散射信号。
所述缝隙2内部设有一纳米线；所述纳米线由热膨胀材料制成。
本实施例一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，缝隙2内填充有热膨胀材料制成的纳米线，当环境温度改变，纳米线发生膨胀或者收缩，改变缝隙2宽度，从而改变贵金属颗粒3处的激发电场，改变入射光与本实施例探测结构之间的耦合模式，产生不同的拉曼散射信号，从而达到通过外界环境温度调节拉曼信号的目的。
同理，可通过反向测量，利用环境温度与拉曼信号的对应关系实现对探测结构所处环境或者设备温度的探测。
所述缝隙2内表面粗糙。缝隙2内表面粗糙，以便于在贵金属表面耦合处更多的能量，用以激发贵金属颗粒3，来产生更强的局域电场。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，包括：一光纤纤芯头，所述光纤纤芯头为柱状；所述光纤纤芯头由石英材料制成；
所述光纤纤芯头上表面设有缝隙，所述缝隙为矩形或者楔形，且所述缝隙贯穿光纤纤芯头的侧面，通过缝隙使得光纤纤芯头具有向外扩展的能力；所述缝隙内表面设有一层贵金属颗粒；
其中，所述缝隙内部设有一纳米线；所述纳米线由热膨胀材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，所述缝隙包括第一缝隙和第二缝隙。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙形状相同或者不同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，所述缝隙深度为1～10μm；所述缝隙宽度100～1000nm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙平行或者垂直相交于所述光纤纤芯头的端面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙相交处设有一锥形孔。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可增强表面拉曼散射信号的光纤头，其特征在于，所述缝隙内表面粗糙。
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