CN110261641A - A kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation - Google Patents
A kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
- G01P5/12—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables using variation of resistance of a heated conductor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation, it is longer mainly to solve flowmeter equilibration time existing in the prior art, generally in tens of second-times, is difficult the problem of meeting real-time response.The flow meter signal processing circuit includes flowmeter electric bridge output circuit, the proportion differential circuit being connect with flowmeter electric bridge output circuit, with the analog to digital conversion circuit of proportion differential circuit connection, the data processing circuit being connect with analog to digital conversion circuit, and the RS422 telecommunication circuit being connect with data processing circuit.Through the above scheme, invention achieves effective enhancing heat distribution formula gas flowmeter time response velocity fails, meet the needs of real-time response, so as to improve the purpose of its dynamic measurement characteristics, there is very high practical value and promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sensor technical fields, in particular, being to be related to a kind of hot type of achievable response time compensation
Micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit.
Background technique
Heating type gas micro-flowmeter is mainly used for the tiny flow quantity fluid measurement in middle-size and small-size pipeline, and principle is to utilize
Streaming flow transmits heat and changes measurement tube wall temperature distribution, to realize that flow velocity measures.Typical heat distributed gas quality stream
Meter as shown in Figure 1, on the outer wall of a small-diameter, thin-walled measurement pipe, coiling two to the resistance wire with high-temperature coefficient,
Form resistance bridge.Electric bridge input is direct current constant electric current.After energization, heat measurement pipe caused by resistance wire and
Its internal gas, when gas flows through, heat conducts heat to stream in pipe by coil covering, tube wall, fluid boundary layer
Body causes upstream temperature to decline, and downstream temperature rises, and electric bridge is uneven, so as to cause output signal variation, measures changing value
And calculate flow rate of gas in pipe.
Since velocity in pipes is small, it is smaller that the differential signal of resistance bridge output compares amplitude, thus needs poor designs
Sub-signal pre-amplification circuit, and carry out noise filtering.
When constant flow rate and the fluid of temperature pass through the mass flow timing of heat distribution formula, the former temperature of flowmeter electric bridge is flat
Weighing apparatus will be broken, and establish new balance, it is the flowmeter steady-state response time that new equilibrium state, which establishes required time,.In flowmeter
Fluid motion state is generally laminar flow, the thermal balance between fluid and resistance wire mainly by heat transfer complete, equilibration time compared with
It is long, generally in tens of second-times, it tends to be difficult to meet the needs of real-time response.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing electricity of achievable response time compensation
Road, it is longer mainly to solve flowmeter equilibration time existing in the prior art, generally in tens of second-times, is difficult to meet real-time
The problem of response.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation, including the output of flowmeter electric bridge
Circuit, the proportion differential circuit being connect with flowmeter electric bridge output circuit, the analog-to-digital conversion electricity with proportion differential circuit connection
Road, the data processing circuit being connect with analog to digital conversion circuit, and the RS422 telecommunication circuit being connect with data processing circuit；Institute
Stating flowmeter electric bridge output circuit includes instrument amplifier chip U1, and one end is connect with the 1st pin of chip U1, another termination is believed
The resistance R1 of number input the 3rd pin of PCB connector P1 connection, one end connect with the 2nd pin of chip U1, the other end and chip U1
The resistance R3 of 3rd pin connection, one end is connect with the 4th pin of chip U1, another termination signal input PCB connector P1 the 2nd draws
The resistance R2 of foot connection, one end connect with the 1st pin of chip U1, the capacitor C4 of another the 4th pin of chip termination U1, one end and
The capacitor C3 that the connection of the 1st pin of chip U1, the other end are grounded, the electricity that one end is connect with the 4th pin of chip U1, the other end is grounded
Hold C5, and one end is connect with+5V power supply simultaneously, the other end is grounded power decoupling filter capacitor C1 and C2, wherein chip
The 5th pin of U1 connects -5V power supply, the 6th pin is grounded, the 8th pin connects+5V power supply.
Further, the proportion differential circuit includes the resistance R4 that one end is connect with the 7th pin of chip U1, negative input
Hold the operational amplifier U2 that connect with the resistance R4 other end, one end connect with the negative input end of operational amplifier U2, the other end and
The resistance R5 of the output end connection of operational amplifier U2, one end connect with operational amplifier positive input terminal positive input terminal, the other end
The resistance R6 of ground connection, the resistance R10 and capacitor that one end is connect with the output end of operational amplifier U2 after series connection, the other end is grounded
C7, the resistance R7 that one end is connect with the 7th pin of chip U1, the capacitor C6 that one end is connect with the resistance R7 other end, negative input end with
The operational amplifier U3 of capacitor C6 other end connection, one end connect with operational amplifier U3 negative input end, the other end and operation
The resistance R8 of the output end connection of amplifier U3, one end connect with operational amplifier U3 output end, the other end simultaneously with resistance
The resistance R11 that R10 is connected with capacitor C7, the resistance R9 that one end is connect with operational amplifier U3 positive input terminal, the other end is grounded,
The resistance R13 that one end is connect with resistance R10 and capacitor C7 simultaneously, the operation amplifier that negative input end is connect with the resistance R13 other end
Device U4, the resistance R12 that one end is connect with resistance R10 and capacitor C7 simultaneously, the other end and operational amplifier U4 output end connect,
One end connect with operational amplifier U4 negative input end, the capacitor C8 of the other end and operational amplifier U4 output end connection, one end with
The connection of operational amplifier U4 positive input terminal, the resistance R14 of another termination 2.5V power supply and one end and operational amplifier U4 are just
The resistance R15 that input terminal connection, the other end are grounded, wherein the one end capacitor C7 is connect with resistance R10, the other end is grounded, simultaneously
The 4th pin of operational amplifier U2, U3 and U4 connect -5V power supply.
Further, analog-digital conversion circuit as described includes ADS1255 modulus conversion chip U5, one end and operational amplifier
The connection of U4 output end, the other end and the connection of the 7th pin of chip U5 resistance R21, one end connect with 2.5V power supply, the other end and
The resistance R20 of the 6th pin of chip U5 connection, one end is connect with the 6th pin of chip U5, the other end and chip U5 the 7th draw after parallel connection
The capacitor C12 and capacitor C13 of foot connection, the electricity that one end is connect with 2.5V power supply, the other end and chip U5 the 4th and 5 pins connect
Hinder R9, it is in parallel after one end simultaneously with chip U5 the 4th and 5 pins are connect, the other end is grounded through resistance R17 capacitor C9, capacitor
C10 and capacitor C11, one end connect with chip U5 the 8th, 9,10 pins simultaneously respectively, the capacitor C14 and capacitor that the other end is grounded
C15, the crystal oscillator Y1 that one end is connect with the 12nd pin of chip U5, the other end and the 13rd pin of chip U5 connect, one end and crystal oscillator Y1
One end connection, other end ground connection capacitor C19, one end connect with the crystal oscillator Y1 other end, the other end is grounded capacitor C18, the 5th,
6, the electric resistance array R16 that 7,8 pins are connect with chip U5 the 18th, 17,16,15 pins respectively, and latter termination 5V in parallel are electric
The capacitor C16 and capacitor C17 that source, the other end are grounded, wherein the 10th pin of chip U5 meets 3.3V power supply, and chip U 5
The 11st and 14 pins ground connection.
Further, the data processing circuit include the 26th, 27,28,29 pins respectively with electric resistance array R16 the 1st,
2, the STM32 series monolithic U6 of 3,4 pins connection, the 2nd pin connect with the 34th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6, the 3rd pin and monolithic
The connector P2 of the 37th pin of machine U6 connection, the capacitor C20 that one end is connect with the 7th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6, the other end is grounded, with
And one end is connect with the 5th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6, the other end and the 6th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6 are connected and encapsulated simultaneously with two capacitors
Crystal oscillator Y2 together, wherein the 1st pin of connector P2 and the pin of the 1st, 9,24,26 and 48 of single-chip microcontroller U6 meet 3.3V
Power supply, the 4th pin of connector P2 and the pin of the 8th, 20,23,35,44 and 47 ground connection of single-chip microcontroller U6.
Further, the crystal oscillator Y2 is 8M crystal oscillator.
Specifically, the RS422 telecommunication circuit the 2nd, 3 pins are connect with single-chip microcontroller U6 the 31st and 30 pins respectively
MAX3490 data chip U7, the resistance that one end is connect with the 5th pin of chip U7, the other end and the 6th pin of chip U7 connect
R23, the resistance R22 that one end is connect with the 7th pin of chip U7, the other end and the 8th pin of chip U7 connect, the 1st, 2,3,4 pins
The connector P3 connecting respectively with chip U7 the 8th, 7,6,5 pins and one end connect with 3.3V power supply, other end ground connection
Capacitor C21, wherein the 1st pin of chip U7 connects 3.3V power supply, the 4th pin ground connection.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Flowmeter electric bridge output circuit and proportion differential circuit is arranged in hot type micro-flowmeter proposed by the invention, front end,
The flowmeter bridge output signal amplification that can effectively realize V grades of μ, shortens relative to by the response time of existing flowmeter
90%, therefore can effectively enhance heat distribution formula gas flowmeter time response velocity fails, meet the needs of real-time response, from
And improve its dynamic measurement characteristics.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the prior art of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is system block diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of inventive flow meter electric bridge output circuit.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of proportion differential circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of analog to digital conversion circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of data processing circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of RS422 telecommunication circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the simulated effect figure of the present invention preposition amplification and proportion differential circuit.
Fig. 9 is the full-scale investigation response curve of the present invention preposition amplification and proportion differential circuit.
Figure 10 is existing proportion differential circuit.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include but unlimited
In the following example.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 2 to 7, a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation, including
Flowmeter electric bridge output circuit, the proportion differential circuit being connect with flowmeter electric bridge output circuit, with proportion differential circuit connection
Analog to digital conversion circuit, the data processing circuit being connect with analog to digital conversion circuit, and connect with data processing circuit
RS422 telecommunication circuit.
As shown in figure 3, the differential signal of flowmeter electric bridge output circuit by PCB connector P1 2,3 pins (In+,
In- it) inputs, and the low-pass filter network of resistance R1, R2 and capacitor C3, C4, C5 composition, to input signal low-pass filtering, so
It is input to the positive negative signal input pin (1,4 pin) of amplifier chip U1, the 2nd, the 3 pin strings of amplifier chip U1 again afterwards
Join resistance R3, for the enlargement ratio of regulation meter amplifier, the signal after amplifier chip U1 is changed into amplified
Single-ended signal, by the 7th pin output of amplifier chip U1 (mark is SigOut).Flowmeter electric bridge output circuit is due to electricity
The signal of bridge output is between -10mV~+10mV, and signal bandwidth is smaller, typically not greater than 100Hz.Thus in the application
Amplify 100 times using the differential voltage signal that instrument amplifier chip U1 combination low-pass filter network exports electric bridge, that is, amplifies
Analog signal between -1V~+1V, wherein capacitor C1, C2 is the power supply coupling capacitor of instrument amplifier chip U1, resistance
R3 is instrument amplifier chip U1 gain control resistance, while resistance R1, R2 and capacitor C3, C4, C5 constitute low-pass filtering net
Network, the high-frequency noise for inhibiting electric bridge to input.
The output signal of amplifier chip U1 is separately input in reverse amplification circuit and differential circuit, as shown in Fig. 4,
Reverse amplification circuit is made of operational amplifier U2 and resistance R4, R5, R6；Differential circuit by operational amplifier U3, capacitor C6 and
Resistance R7, R8, R9 composition.The output signal of reverse amplification circuit and the output signal of differential circuit are passed through by operational amplifier
After the reversed add circuit of U4 and resistance R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 composition, the output letter after proportion differential is obtained
Number (mark be Vout), since the input range of modulus conversion chip is usually forward voltage, thus in reversed add circuit
A 2.5V reference level is increased, is added in proportion differential circuit output result, preferably to adapt to analog-to-digital conversion
Chip.
Proportion differential circuit output signal Vout by chip U5, resistance R17, R19, R20, R21, R16, capacitor C9,
The analog to digital conversion circuit of C10, C11, C12, C13, C16, C17, C18, C19 and crystal oscillator Y1 composition, as shown in figure 5, being changed into
The digital signal of SPI protocol, analog to digital conversion circuit output are the 1st of electric resistance array R16 the, 2,3,4 pins, corresponding SPI
Output signal mark is respectively as follows: DRDY, MISO, MOSI, SCLK.
The SPI protocol digital signal input of analog to digital conversion circuit output is shown in fig. 6 to be based on carrying out in data processing circuit
Digital operation, the result after operation pass through the 30th of single-chip microcontroller U6 the, 31 pins, are output to Fig. 7 with UART serial communication protocol
Shown in RS422 telecommunication circuit.
UART signal is changed into that load capacity is stronger, and transmission range is up to 100 meters by RS422 telecommunication circuit shown in Fig. 7
Above RS422 protocol signal, to be connect with host computer.
Experiment simulation
(1) emulation experiment: the circuit simulation of National Instruments (National Instruments) exploitation is utilized
The artificial circuit parts such as the preposition amplification of the circuit of 14.0 pairs of software Multisim designs and response time compensation are imitated
True analysis.In emulation, the voltage signal of index variation, original state 0mV, lower state 10mV, time constant are inputted
For 43s, as indicated by the dotted lines in figure 8.The amplification factor of pre-amplification circuit is set as 100 times.Respond compensated signal
Time constant is set as 1.3s.Set C6=43 μ F, R7=30k Ω, R8=1M Ω.Emulate obtained response curve such as Fig. 8
In solid line, it is obvious that by it is preposition amplification and proportion differential circuit after, the response time of output signal is obvious
Shorten.It is assumed that it is the response time that reality output, which reaches the time required for the 90% of theoretical output, then original input signal
Response time is 102.05s, and the output signal response time after oversampling circuit is 5.65s.Show that this circuit there can be reality
The compensation of existing response time.
(2) physical varification is tested: in flow measurement confirmatory experiment, being built using air generator combination flow controller
Then the air of firm discharge is passed through designed heat for generating the air-flow of regime flow by a set of flow control system
It declines in flowmeter, measures the rank of flowmeter output signal in uncompensated situation and with response compensation circuit respectively
Jump response condition.It is inputted under 3L/h traffic conditions to be fixed, uncompensated response and the circuit output curve with compensation response, from
In figure as can be seen that under uncompensated response condition, what output signal will reach steady-state response value 90% needs by 88.8s
(100.8s-12.0s)；And with compensation in the case of, it is only necessary to 8.1s (20.1s-12.0s), it was demonstrated that when band designed by this report
Between respond compensation hot type micro-flowmeter pre-amplification circuit can effectively realize it is preposition amplification and time response compensation function
Energy.
Proportion differential circuit can construct the shorter proportion differential circuit of a responsive time constant and realize the response time
Compensation, principle are as follows: flowmeter sensor output transient flow signal E (t) can be equivalent to an index variation process:
Wherein, E0Indicate stable state output signal, τ0Indicate output response time constant.Output signal E (t) levels off to E0's
Time is directly by τ0It determines.A proportion differential circuit can be constructed, as shown in Figure 10, shortens responsive time constant to output
As a result influence.Related derivation process is as follows:
According to Kirchhoff's current law (KCL)
U31=-Ui (2)
It can be obtained according to formula (3):
Carrying out Laplace transform to formula (5) can obtain:
Convolution (2), (4) and (6) can obtain the transmission function of the circuit:
For this subject study object,Its Laplace transform are as follows:
Formula (8) is brought into (7) to obtain:
As shown, R33C31=1s, works as τ0=R34C31+R33C31When, system response can be equivalent to:
It is R that thus system response, which becomes time constant, in fact33C31Indicial response, that is, by indicial response type
The time constant of input is by τ0Become R33C31.By the value of reasonable disposition R3 and C1, time constant can be effectively reduced.
Above-described embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, as long as using
Design principle of the invention, and the non-creative variation worked and made is carried out on this basis, it should belong to of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation, which is characterized in that including flowmeter
Electric bridge output circuit, the proportion differential circuit being connect with flowmeter electric bridge output circuit, the modulus with proportion differential circuit connection
Conversion circuit, the data processing circuit being connect with analog to digital conversion circuit, and the RS422 communication electricity being connect with data processing circuit
Road；The flowmeter electric bridge output circuit includes instrument amplifier chip U1, and one end connect with the 1st pin of chip U1, the other end
The resistance R1 of signal input the 3rd pin of PCB connector P1 connection is met, one end connect with the 2nd pin of chip U1, the other end and chip
The resistance R3 of the 3rd pin of U1 connection, one end is connect with the 4th pin of chip U1, another termination signal inputs PCB connector P1 the 2nd
The resistance R2 of pin connection, one end connect with the 1st pin of chip U1, the capacitor C4 of another the 4th pin of chip termination U1, one end and
The capacitor C3 that the connection of the 1st pin of chip U1, the other end are grounded, the capacitor that one end is connect with the 4th pin of chip U1, the other end is grounded
C5, and one end is connect with+5V power supply, the other end is grounded simultaneously power decoupling filter capacitor C1 and C2, wherein chip U1's
5th pin connects -5V power supply, the 6th pin is grounded, the 8th pin connects+5V power supply.
2. a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the proportion differential circuit includes the resistance R4 that one end is connect with the 7th pin of chip U1, negative input end and resistance R4
The operational amplifier U2 of other end connection, one end connect with the negative input end of operational amplifier U2, the other end and operational amplifier
The resistance R5 of the output end connection of U2, the resistance that one end is connect with operational amplifier positive input terminal positive input terminal, the other end is grounded
R6, the resistance R10 and capacitor C7, one end and core that one end is connect with the output end of operational amplifier U2 after series connection, the other end is grounded
The resistance R7 of the 7th pin of piece U1 connection, the capacitor C6 that one end is connect with the resistance R7 other end, negative input end and the capacitor C6 other end
The operational amplifier U3 of connection, one end connect with operational amplifier U3 negative input end, the output of the other end and operational amplifier U3
The resistance R8 of connection is held, one end is connect with operational amplifier U3 output end, the other end is connect with resistance R10 and capacitor C7 simultaneously
Resistance R11, one end connect with operational amplifier U3 positive input terminal, the resistance R9 of other end ground connection, one end simultaneously with resistance R10 and
The resistance R13 of capacitor C7 connection, the operational amplifier U4 that negative input end is connect with the resistance R13 other end, one end while and resistance
The resistance R12 of R10 and capacitor C7 connection, the other end and the connection of operational amplifier U4 output end, one end and operational amplifier U4 are negative
The capacitor C8 that input terminal connection, the other end and operational amplifier U4 output end connect, one end and operational amplifier U4 positive input terminal
Connection, another resistance R14 for terminating 2.5V power supply and one end are connect with operational amplifier U4 positive input terminal, the other end is grounded
Resistance R15, wherein the one end capacitor C7 connect with resistance R10, other end ground connection, while the of operational amplifier U2, U3 and U4
4 pins connect -5V power supply.
3. a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, analog-digital conversion circuit as described includes ADS1255 modulus conversion chip U5, and one end and operational amplifier U4 output end connect
It connects, the resistance R21 of the other end and the 7th pin of chip U5 connection, one end is connect with 2.5V power supply, the other end and chip U5 the 6th draw
The resistance R20 of foot connection, the capacitor that one end is connect with the 6th pin of chip U5 after parallel connection, the other end and the 7th pin of chip U5 connect
C12 and capacitor C13, the resistance R9 that one end is connect with 2.5V power supply, the other end and chip U5 the 4th and 5 pins connect, it is in parallel latter
End simultaneously with chip U5 the 4th and 5 pins are connect, the other end is grounded through resistance R17 capacitor C9, capacitor C10 and capacitor C11, one
End connect with chip U5 the 8th, 9,10 pins simultaneously respectively, the capacitor C14 and capacitor C15 that the other end is grounded, one end and chip U5
The connection of 12nd pin, the other end and the connection of the 13rd pin of chip U5 crystal oscillator Y1, one end connect with the one end crystal oscillator Y1, another termination
The capacitor C19 on ground, one end connect with the crystal oscillator Y1 other end, the capacitor C18 of other end ground connection, the 5th, 6,7,8 pins respectively with core
Piece U5 the 18th, 17,16, the electric resistance array R16 of 15 pins connection, and the electricity of latter termination 5V power supply in parallel, other end ground connection
Hold C16 and capacitor C17, wherein the 10th pin of chip U5 connects 3.3V power supply, and the 11st and 14 pins ground connection of chip U5.
4. a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation according to claim 3,
Be characterized in that, the data processing circuit include the 26th, 27,28,29 pins respectively with electric resistance array R16 the 1st, 2,3,4 pins
The STM32 series monolithic U6 of connection, the 2nd pin is connect with the 34th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6, the 3rd pin and single-chip microcontroller U6 the 37th draw
The connector P2 of foot connection, the capacitor C20 and one end and monolithic that one end is connect with the 7th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6, the other end is grounded
The crystal oscillator that the connection of the 5th pin of machine U6, the other end and the 6th pin of single-chip microcontroller U6 are connected and be packaged together simultaneously with two capacitors
Y2, wherein the 1st pin of connector P2 and the pin of the 1st, 9,24,26 and 48 of single-chip microcontroller U6 connect 3.3V power supply, connector P2's
The pin of the 8th, 20,23,35,44 and 47 of 4th pin and single-chip microcontroller U6 ground connection.
5. a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, the crystal oscillator Y2 is 8M crystal oscillator.
6. a kind of hot type micro-flowmeter signal processing circuit of achievable response time compensation according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, the MAX3490 number that the RS422 telecommunication circuit the 2nd, 3 pins are connect with single-chip microcontroller U6 the 31st and 30 pins respectively
According to chip U7, one end connect with the 5th pin of chip U7, the resistance R23 of the other end and the 6th pin of chip U7 connection, one end and core
The 7th pin of piece U7 connection, the other end and the 8th pin of chip U7 connection resistance R22, the 1st, 2,3,4 pins respectively with chip U7
8th, 7,6,5 pins connection connector P3 and one end connect with 3.3V power supply, the other end be grounded capacitor C21, wherein
The 1st pin of chip U7 connects 3.3V power supply, the 4th pin ground connection.
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