CN110261199B - Device and method for manufacturing fine cracks of real rock sample - Google Patents
Device and method for manufacturing fine cracks of real rock sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN110261199B CN110261199B CN201910588535.8A CN201910588535A CN110261199B CN 110261199 B CN110261199 B CN 110261199B CN 201910588535 A CN201910588535 A CN 201910588535A CN 110261199 B CN110261199 B CN 110261199B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for manufacturing a fine crack of a real rock sample, wherein the device comprises a basic platform, a high-speed electric drill, a sample holder and a position adjusting device; the high-speed electric drill and the sample holder are both arranged through a position adjusting device; the position adjusting device consists of a lifting device, a longitudinal shifting device and a sample shifting device: the longitudinal displacement device is of a structure capable of being lifted and adjusted in pitch angle; the sample holder is horizontally and transversely movably arranged; the high-speed electric drill is movably arranged on the longitudinal displacement device and carries out crack machining by clamping the diamond cutter. The sample holder has two structural forms of a six-sided cube sample and a disc sample. The crack making method is implemented on the basis of the device. The invention has the advantages that the device has simple structure and low cost, and is convenient for various fine crack manufacturing operations; the manufacturing method has reasonable process and smooth and regular cracks, and lays a good foundation for developing the research on the fracture mode, the crack propagation mechanism and the like of real rocks containing cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sample processing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for manufacturing a fine crack of a real rock sample.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering, fractured rocks and composite fractured rocks are complex media frequently encountered, and researches on fracture expansion, evolution and the like of the fractured rocks are important components in maintaining stability of various geotechnical engineering and unconventional oil and gas exploitation. A large number of engineering practices show that in the field of geotechnical engineering, the cracking of rock mass and the formation of fracture network are influenced by a plurality of factors, such as ground stress, fluid pressure and the like, wherein the heterogeneity of rock mass and primary joint fractures have important influences on the cracking mode, the development and evolution conditions of fractures, the structural morphological characteristics of fracture network and the like. Therefore, the device and the method for manufacturing the crack of the cubic rock sample have important values for developing researches such as a failure mode and a crack propagation mechanism of real rock containing the crack, fracturing exploitation of coal bed gas and the like.
Most of rock samples for the research of fractured rocks in laboratories are made of similar materials, and the similar materials have great physical property difference relative to various real rock materials. The existing method for manufacturing real rock cracks in a laboratory comprises a hydraulic cutting method and disc saw blade cutting, and the hydraulic cutting can be used for manufacturing through cracks and semi-through cracks. But the fracture depth is not easy to control, and two fracture surfaces in the width direction of the fracture are not easy to ensure to be relatively parallel, and when the rock fracture is manufactured by hydraulic cutting, the rock body is greatly disturbed, and the integrity of real rock is easily influenced. The method of cutting the crack surface by the circular saw blade is adopted, and the cut crack surface generally presents a circular bottom in the depth direction, so that rock cracks with consistent depth cannot be processed. In summary, the current methods for making the rocks containing cracks, which are used more frequently, have the following disadvantages: firstly, real rock materials are not adopted to manufacture pre-cracks; secondly, the integrity of the rock sample is greatly influenced during crack processing, and the accuracy of subsequent experimental results is easily influenced; thirdly, two crack surfaces of the same crack are not parallel to each other, so that the roughness of the crack is increased when the crack is prefabricated, and the theoretical research is not facilitated; fourthly, when the cracks are prefabricated, the width of the cracks cannot be kept consistent, the width factor cannot be controlled, and the difficulty of theoretical model derivation is increased; fifthly, the manufacturing equipment is high in price and is not beneficial to general application. For this reason, there is a need for a crack-making device that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks for making true rock sample cracks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for manufacturing fine cracks of a real rock sample, aiming at the defect that the manufacturing equipment of the real rock sample in the prior art is high in manufacturing cost, so that the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the device is widely applied to the manufacturing of the original rock sample. The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a raw rock sample based on the above, so as to obtain the artificial cracks of the raw rock sample by the method, and create conditions for developing researches such as a fracture mode of real rocks containing cracks, a crack propagation mechanism, fracturing exploitation of coal bed methane and the like.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A device for manufacturing a fine crack of a real rock sample comprises a basic platform, a high-speed electric drill, a sample holder and a position adjusting device; the high-speed electric drill and the sample holder are both connected with the basic platform through a position adjusting device; the position adjusting device consists of a lifting device, a longitudinal shifting device and a sample shifting device: the longitudinal shifting device is arranged on the lifting device through the angle regulator and is connected with the lifting device in a lifting structure; the angle regulator is provided with a structure capable of adjusting a pitch angle; the sample holder is arranged on the sample shifting device, and the sample shifting device is arranged on the basic platform in a horizontally and transversely movable manner; the high-speed electric drill is movably arranged on the longitudinal shifting device and carries out crack machining by clamping the diamond cutter.
According to the invention adopting the technical scheme, the drilling advancing axis of the electric drill can be parallel to the horizontal plane and can also be arranged in a pitching inclined mode with a set angle, the longitudinal shifting device is consistent with the direction of the drill rod, the original rock sample can be fixed through the sample holder, the horizontal and transverse positions can be adjusted through the sample shifting device, the high-speed electric drill can be lifted and adjusted in the longitudinal position through the coordination and matching of the lifting device and the longitudinal shifting device, and therefore the positions of the high-speed electric drill and the original rock sample can be adjusted and corrected through the position adjusting device. The adjustment of any axial position can be driven manually or by power, such as manual driving and motor driving of a screw-nut pair transmission structure, and semi-automatic or automatic control can be realized by matching with an industrial control technology in the prior art when the motor is adopted for driving. Because the sample usually has cubic of regular six and cake structure, consequently, through sample exchange direction and the re-clamping of sample holder can realize the processing of many fissures, the concrete structure of sample holder can carry out the adaptability design according to the sample shape. Because the pre-perforation drilling tool adopts the diamond tool, the cracks can be conveniently and quickly formed on the original rock sample. The diamond cutter can comprise a drill bit and a grinding head, and after the drill bit is used for completing a plurality of drill holes, the grinding head is used for grinding and enabling the plurality of drill holes to sequentially penetrate to form artificial cracks. According to the invention, a sample is fixed on a basic platform through a sample holder, and then the relative position of the sample and the high-speed electric drill and the position of a drill hole are adjusted through a position adjusting device; the high-speed electric drill is used for drilling the sample, the longitudinal shifting device of the sample shifting device is combined to drill a plurality of parallel holes arranged on the same straight line in the length direction of the crack, the high-speed electric drill is used for clamping and grinding the sample, the sample shifting device is combined to sequentially penetrate the parallel holes to form the crack, the crack depth can be effectively controlled, and the planes of two side walls of the crack can be ensured to be parallel. When a plurality of cracks need to be processed and the positions of the cracks need to be changed, the sample holder is exchanged to change the direction for clamping again. Therefore, the processing of the crack on any one surface of the six-sided cube can be realized; when the sample shifting device is inclined in a pitching manner, the inclined crack of the original stone sample can be manufactured.
Preferably, the angle adjuster comprises a lifting slide block driven by the lifting device, an angle adjusting seat is arranged on the lifting slide block, and the lifting slide block is hinged with the angle adjusting seat through a hinge shaft; the lifting slide block and the angle adjusting seat are further limited to rotate through bolts matched with a plurality of jacks at different positions so as to form a relatively fixed phase relation; the lifting device is arranged on the basic platform; the lifting device, the longitudinal shifting device and the sample shifting device respectively realize position adjustment through corresponding screw-nut pair transmission structures; and the longitudinal displacement device is also provided with a drilling loading unit for performing drilling driving and drilling depth control on the high-speed electric drill. The method ensures that the inclined crack is convenient to manufacture, and forms automatic drilling loading and automatic crack depth control.
Preferably, the lifting device and the longitudinal displacement device are both provided with a scale; the angle regulator is provided with an angle scale. The adjusting effect and the expected adjusting quantity are measured through the graduated scale, and manual adjustment and control are facilitated.
Further preferably, the drilling loading unit comprises a loading spring, a locking member and a limiting device, the loading spring is used for driving the high-speed electric drill to drill, the locking member is used for locking the high-speed electric drill to move, and the limiting device is used for controlling the drilling stroke of the high-speed electric drill. The drilling loading unit adopts a loading spring to implement drilling driving, before drilling, the high-speed electric drill is in a locking state under the action of a locking component, and after the locking component is unlocked, the high-speed electric drill automatically feeds under the action of the loading spring until being blocked by a limiting device, so that the designed drilling depth is reached, and further structure simplification is facilitated. Wherein, the locking component can be composed of locking screws such as knurled screws; the limiting device is composed of a fixed stop block or a movable stop block with the position adjusted through threads.
Preferably, the diamond cutter consists of a diamond drill bit and a grinding head, the diameter of the diamond drill bit is 0.5-1.5 mm; the grinding head is of a round-bar-shaped grinding wheel structure, and the drill bit and the grinding head are clamped and fixed through a drill chuck arranged by a high-speed electric drill in an alternative mode. So as to be suitable for processing the crack with the width of 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; meanwhile, the method can realize that the holes are drilled firstly and then the holes are polished and penetrated through to form the crack with smooth two side surfaces, and the two side surfaces of the crack are ensured to be parallel. The drilling can be performed by a diamond cylindrical milling cutter, and when the milling cutter is used, the grinding head is only used for finishing and grinding after the drilling.
Preferably, the sample holder is provided on the sample displacement means by a turntable. In the crack processing process, after a row of holes forming cracks are drilled, the rotary table rotates the sample, so that after the drilled holes are inclined at a certain angle with the axes of the drilled holes in a plane where the axes of the drilled holes are located, the drill bits drill the hole walls connected with the adjacent drilled holes, the through grinding processing amount is reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency is improved.
The device of the scheme can process horizontal straight cracks, inclined cracks or Brazilian split cracks; the horizontal straight crack means that the crack is parallel to the upper plane and the lower plane, and the depth extending direction of the crack faces to the opposite prismatic surface; the inclined crack is a prismatic surface which has a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane of the crack and faces to the opposite direction of the depth extension direction; the Brazilian cleavage crack means a crack extending longitudinally in the middle of a cake-shaped raw stone sample.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A method for manufacturing fine cracks of a real rock sample is implemented based on a device for realizing the first invention purpose, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, drawing an inclined crack position on a rock test piece according to crack parameters of a crack to be processed of a real original rock test piece; wherein the crack parameters comprise the number, width, length, depth, and included angle and position with the horizontal plane;
secondly, fixing the real original rock sample on a sample holder in a mode that the upper plane and the lower plane are horizontal, and roughly adjusting the position of the sample through a position adjusting device; meanwhile, according to the width of the crack, selecting a diamond cutter with the diameter equal to the width of the crack, and clamping and fixing the diamond cutter through a drill chuck of a high-speed electric drill;
thirdly, adjusting the longitudinal displacement device to be parallel to the horizontal plane or to be an inclined angle with the same included angle between the crack and the horizontal plane through an angle adjuster; the height and the horizontal position of the high-speed electric drill are adjusted through a lifting device and a longitudinal shifting device; the tip of the front end of a drill bit forming the diamond cutter is close to the sample, and the tip end point of the drill bit forms a drilling starting point; in the drilling process of the high-speed electric drill, the contact point of the front end tip of the drill bit and the sample forms a crack processing starting point;
fourthly, starting the high-speed electric drill to enable the drill bit to drill in the depth direction of the crack until the drill bit is retracted to the drilling starting point after the set depth is drilled;
fifthly, adjusting the position of the test piece through a sample holder, changing the positions of the drill holes towards the length direction of the crack, and enabling the adjacent drill holes not to be communicated with each other;
sixthly, repeatedly executing the fourth step and the fifth step to finish a plurality of holes drilled in the length direction of the crack on the cubic original rock sample;
step seven, adjusting the test piece to the first drilling position through the test piece holder; and replacing the drill bit with a grinding head;
eighthly, starting the high-speed electric drill to feed the grinding head to a set depth along the crack depth direction, and moving the test piece position through the test piece holder; so that the plurality of bores are sequentially perforated to form the cracks.
The method of the invention adopting the scheme is implemented on the basis of the device for realizing the first invention, firstly, the sample is fixed on the basic platform through the sample holder, and then the relative position of the sample and the high-speed electric drill, the drilling position and the drilling inclination angle are adjusted through the position adjusting device; and drilling and penetrating and grinding in the crack forming process by using a high-speed electric drill to form cracks parallel to or inclined to the horizontal plane, wherein the drilling feeding can be implemented by a position adjusting device or a drilling loading unit. Because the drilling and coping cutters are made of diamond, cracks can be conveniently and quickly formed on the original rock sample. Obviously, the diamond cutter comprises a drill bit and a grinding head, and after a plurality of holes are drilled by the drill bit, grinding and finishing are carried out by the grinding head, so that the plurality of drilled holes in the length direction of the crack are communicated, and a required crack is formed on one side surface of the sample; when another crack needs to be formed on the same side, the third step to the eighth step are repeated. When a new crack needs to be formed on the other side surface, the second step to the eighth step are repeatedly executed, and all crack processing position lines are drawn in the first step.
Preferably, before the drill bit is replaced in the seventh step, the method further comprises the step of rotating the sample through a turntable to enable the drill bit to be inclined to the drilled direction, and drilling a plurality of through holes on the hole walls connected with the adjacent drilled holes so as to reduce the amount of penetration grinding and improve the manufacturing efficiency. For the same area needing to be penetrated, the turntables can be rotated in the positive and negative directions to respectively drill the connected hole walls twice from the two sides, so that the grinding amount is obviously reduced.
When a plurality of cracks are constructed on the same sample, the grinding head is replaced by a drill bit after the current crack is machined, and the clamping state of the sample or the transverse position of the sample is changed by the cooperation of the lifting device and the sample holder, so that the starting point of the crack machining close to the crack is positioned on the axis of the drill bit.
Before the inclined crack is processed, the inclination angle of the axis of the drill bit and the horizontal plane is changed through an angle regulator, so that the inclination angle of the drill bit is consistent with the inclination angle of the crack to be processed. Before oblique angle crack processing, the rotary worktable enables the test piece to rotate for a set angle along with the sample holder, so that the sample plane where the crack processing starting point is located and the axis of the drill bit form an included angle of the set angle in the horizontal projection plane.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the device is provided with three axial direction adjusting structures and an electric drill pitching inclination angle adjusting structure relative to a horizontal plane, so that four axial adjusting structures are formed; the six-sided cube sample can be processed with a plurality of horizontal or inclined cracks. The device has simple structure and low cost, and is convenient to be widely applied to the manufacture of the original rock sample. The manufacturing method is implemented based on the device, the artificial cracks of the original rock sample obtained by the method are smooth and regular, two side faces of the cracks are parallel, and a good foundation is laid for developing the research of fracture mode, crack propagation mechanism, coal bed methane fracturing exploitation and the like of real rocks containing the cracks.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a high speed electric drill of the present invention having a horizontal direction of travel.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the present invention in which the direction of travel of the high speed drill is inclined.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an angle adjuster in the device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic isometric view of a specimen holder configuration for a six-sided cube in the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sample holder for a disk sample in the apparatus of the present invention, which is adapted to be horizontally disposed at both end faces.
Fig. 6 is a top view of fig. 5 in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sample holder for a disk sample in the apparatus of the present invention, which is adapted to be disposed with both end faces vertical.
Fig. 8 is a left side view of fig. 7 in the inventive apparatus.
FIG. 9 is a six-sided cubic rock specimen made with horizontal cracks.
FIG. 10 is a six-sided cubic rock specimen made with an inclined fracture.
FIG. 11 is a sample of a disk having a cylindrical surface with a slit formed therein.
The disk samples with cracks on the end faces of FIG. 12 were made.
The above figures also serve to illustrate the process of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings, which are illustrative only for the purpose of disclosing and explaining the invention in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and which therefore do not limit the invention within the scope of the described embodiments.
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, 2, and 3, a fine crack making apparatus for a six-sided cubic real rock sample includes a base platform 1, a high-speed electric drill 7, a sample holder 8, and a position adjusting device; the high-speed electric drill 7 and the sample holder 8 are both connected with the basic platform 1 through a position adjusting device; the position adjusting device consists of a lifting device 91, a longitudinal shifting device 92 and a sample shifting device 93: the longitudinal displacement device 92 is arranged on the lifting device 91 through an angle regulator and is connected with the lifting device 91 in a lifting structure; the angle regulator is provided with a structure capable of adjusting a pitch angle; the sample holder 8 is arranged on the sample shifting device 93 through a rotary table 24, wherein a rotating component of the rotary table 24 is fixedly connected with the sample holder 8, and a fixed part of the rotary table 24 is fixedly connected with the sample shifting device 93; the sample displacement device 93 is arranged on the base platform 1 in a horizontally and transversely movable manner; the high-speed electric drill 7 is movably arranged on the longitudinal displacement device 92, and the high-speed electric drill 7 carries out crack machining by clamping the diamond cutter 6.
The angle adjuster comprises a lifting slide block 12 driven by the lifting device 91, an angle adjusting seat 13 is arranged on the lifting slide block 12, and the lifting slide block 12 is hinged with the angle adjusting seat 13 through a hinge shaft 14; the lifting slide block 12 and the angle adjusting seat 13 are also limited to rotate through bolts 15 which can be matched with jacks at different positions so as to form a relatively fixed phase relation; wherein, the lifting slide block 12 is provided with one or a pair of bolt holes, the angle adjusting base 13 is provided with a plurality or a plurality of pairs of bolt holes, and the bolt 15 leads the phase of the two to be fixed through inserting the bolt holes of the two; the bolt holes at different positions on the rotating angle adjusting seat 13 are matched with the bolt holes of the lifting slide block 12 through the rotating angle adjusting seat 13, so that the angle adjusting function of the corresponding angle adjuster is realized. The pair of bolt holes is formed by two bolt holes which are distributed at 180 degrees by taking the hinge center as the circle center. The lifting device 91 is arranged on the base platform 1; the lifting device 91, the longitudinal shifting device 92 and the sample shifting device 93 respectively realize position adjustment through corresponding screw-nut pair transmission structures; and a drilling loading unit for performing drilling driving and drilling depth control on the high-speed electric drill 7 is also arranged on the longitudinal displacement device 92.
The lifting device 91 and the longitudinal shifting device 92 are both provided with a scale; the angle regulator is provided with an angle scale. The drilling loading unit comprises a loading spring, a locking component and a limiting device, the loading spring is used for driving the high-speed electric drill 7 to drill, the locking component is used for locking the high-speed electric drill 7 in a moving mode, and the limiting device is used for controlling the drilling stroke of the high-speed electric drill 7. The longitudinal displacement device 92 is provided with a longitudinal moving slide block 21, the high-speed electric drill 7 is arranged on the longitudinal moving slide block 21 through a guide rail pair structure, and the locking member is arranged on the high-speed electric drill 7 and forms a locking connection relation with the longitudinal moving slide block 21; a limiting device consisting of a limiting block is fixedly connected to the longitudinal moving slide block 21, and the limiting block is positioned at the front end of the high-speed electric drill 7 in the moving direction of the drilling machine; the loading spring 7a is positioned at the rear end of the high-speed electric drill 7. The diamond cutter 6 consists of a diamond drill bit with the diameter of 1.0 mm-1.5 mm, a milling cutter and a grinding head; the grinding head is of a round-bar-shaped grinding wheel structure, and the drill bit and the grinding head are clamped and fixed through a drill chuck arranged by a high-speed electric drill 7 in an alternative mode. The sample holder 8 is connected with the base platform 1 through a rotary working table. Wherein, the drilling hole can be penetrated by a diamond cylindrical milling cutter, and when the milling cutter is adopted, the grinding head is only used for finishing and grinding after penetration; the specific structure of the sample holder 8 can be designed adaptively according to the shape of the sample.
As shown in fig. 4, the sample holder 8 for manufacturing six-sided cubic stone sample cracks comprises a bottom plate 81, two positioning plates 82 which are distributed at a right angle are erected on the bottom plate 81, a movable pressing plate 83 is respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two positioning plates 82, the pressing plates 83 are movably connected to the far ends of compression screws, the compression screws are screwed on screw seats 84, and handles 85 are arranged at the near ends of the compression screws; the base plate 81 is fixedly attached to the rotating member of the turntable 24, and the fixed portion of the turntable 24 is fixedly attached to the moving member of the sample displacement device 93.
In this embodiment, the sample displacement device 93 may also be provided with a graduated scale; after the high-speed electric drill 7 drills in place, manually pushing and pulling to return; the limiting block can also be provided with a limiting screw 23 so as to adjust the travel of the driller.
Example 2, fig. 5 and 6 show an apparatus for producing fine cracks of a disc-shaped real rock sample, in which a sample holder 8 is used for producing cracks of a disc-shaped sample, and both end surfaces of the sample are horizontally arranged to form horizontal or inclined cracks on a cylindrical surface. The sample holder 8 comprises a bottom plate 81, wherein one end of the bottom plate 81 is vertically provided with a vertical column 101, a horizontally arranged tightening rod 102 is screwed on the vertical column 101 through a threaded hole, the front end of the tightening rod 102 is provided with an arc-shaped positioning block 103 which is used for abutting against the cylindrical surface of a disc sample, and the tail end of the tightening rod 102 is provided with a tightening handle; an upper clamping block 104 and a lower clamping block 105 are matched on the side wall of one side of the upright post 101 through a dovetail-shaped guide rail pair structure, and the upper clamping block 104 and the lower clamping block 105 are used for clamping a sample through two end faces of a disc sample; the upper clamping block 104 and the lower clamping block 105 are connected through a threaded rod 106 with double threads in the front and back directions, so that the upper clamping block 104 and the lower clamping block 105 are close to each other or far away from each other by rotating the threaded rod 106, and the threaded rod 106 is staggered with the tightening rod 102; the lower end of the threaded rod 106 is supported on the base plate 81 by a bearing 107. The sample holder 8 is suitable for the case where both end faces of a disc sample are horizontally arranged. Wherein, the clamping area of the upper clamping block 104 is smaller than the semicircle of the sample, and the clamping area of the lower clamping block 105 is larger than the semicircle of the sample.
The rest of the structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 3, referring to fig. 7 and 8, a fine crack formation apparatus for a disc-shaped real rock sample, in which a sample holder 8 is used for disc-shaped sample crack formation, and both end faces of the sample are vertically arranged to form horizontal or inclined cracks on the end faces. The main difference between the structure of the sample holder 8 and that of embodiment 2 is that a flat plate-shaped abutting plate 108 is provided at the front end of the abutting rod 102, and the clamping portions of the upper clamping block 104 and the lower clamping block 105 are provided with arc-shaped clamping blocks 109, which are otherwise the same as those shown in fig. 5 and 6.
The rest of the structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 2, and is not described herein again.
Example 4, with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, a method for making fine cracks on a hexahedral cubic real rock sample is implemented based on the apparatus described in example 1, and includes the following steps:
firstly, drawing an inclined crack position on a rock test piece according to the crack parameters of a crack to be processed of a cubic original rock test piece; wherein the crack parameters comprise the number, width, length, depth, and included angle and position with the horizontal plane;
secondly, fixing the cubic original rock sample on a sample holder 8 in a mode that the upper plane and the lower plane are horizontal, and roughly adjusting the position of the sample through a position adjusting device; meanwhile, according to the width of the crack, selecting a diamond cutter 6 with the diameter equal to the width of the crack, and clamping and fixing the diamond cutter 6 through a drill chuck of a high-speed electric drill 7;
thirdly, adjusting the longitudinal displacement device 92 to be parallel to the horizontal plane or to be inclined at the same included angle between the crack and the horizontal plane through an angle adjuster; the height and the horizontal position of the high-speed electric drill 7 are adjusted through a lifting device 91 and a longitudinal displacement device 92; and the tip of the front end of the drill bit forming the diamond cutter 6 is close to the sample, and the tip end point of the drill bit forms a drilling starting point; in the drilling process of the high-speed electric drill 7, the contact point of the front end tip of the drill bit and the sample forms a crack processing starting point;
fourthly, starting the high-speed electric drill 7 to enable the drill bit to drill in the crack depth direction until the drill bit is retreated to the drilling starting point after the set depth is drilled;
fifthly, adjusting the position of the test piece through the test piece holder 8, changing the positions of the drill holes towards the length direction of the crack, and enabling the adjacent drill holes not to be communicated with each other;
sixthly, repeatedly executing the fourth step and the fifth step to finish a plurality of holes drilled in the length direction of the crack on the cubic original rock sample;
seventhly, rotating the sample through the rotary table 24 to enable the drill bit to be inclined to the drilled direction, and drilling a plurality of through holes on the hole walls connected with the adjacent drilled holes so as to reduce the penetration grinding amount;
step eight, adjusting the test piece to the first drilling position through the test piece clamp 8; and replacing the drill bit with a grinding head;
ninth, starting the high-speed electric drill 7 to feed the grinding head to a set depth along the crack depth direction, and moving the test piece position through the test piece holder 8; so that the plurality of bores are sequentially perforated to form the cracks.
When a plurality of cracks are constructed on the same sample, the grinding head is replaced by a drill bit after the current crack is machined, and the clamping state of the sample or the transverse position of the sample is changed by the cooperation of the lifting device 91 and the sample holder 8, so that the starting point of the crack machining close to the crack is positioned on the axis of the drill bit. Before the inclined crack is processed, the inclination angle of the axis of the drill bit and the horizontal plane is changed through an angle regulator, so that the inclination angle of the drill bit is consistent with the inclination angle of the crack to be processed.
The six-face cubic rock sample cracks manufactured by the method are horizontal cracks A and inclined cracks B shown in figures 9 and 10, a plurality of parallel cracks or inclined cracks on the same face, and a plurality of cracks on different faces.
When a plurality of cracks are made on the same surface, the cracks can be made through the lifting device 91 and the longitudinal displacement device 92; when cracks are made on different surfaces, the sample is clamped again by the sample clamp 8, the position is adjusted by the lifting device 91 and the longitudinal shifting device 92, and the angle is adjusted by the angle adjuster.
Example 5, a method for making fine cracks on a disc-shaped real rock sample, which is different from example 4 in that a disc-shaped sample is held by a sample holder 8 of example 2, and a horizontal or inclined crack C is formed on the cylindrical surface of the disc-shaped sample.
Except that the sample clamping is different from that in embodiment 4, the remaining steps in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 4, and are not described herein again.
The method can form horizontal cracks or inclined cracks on a cylindrical surface as shown in fig. 11, can also change the clamping position of a disc sample through the sample clamp 8 to form a plurality of cracks on different phases, and can also adjust the height through the lifting device 91 to form a plurality of parallel cracks on the same phase.
Example 6, a method for manufacturing fine cracks of a disc-shaped real rock sample, which is different from example 5 in that a disc-shaped sample is held by a sample holder 8 of example 3 and horizontal or inclined cracks are formed on the end surface of the disc-shaped sample.
Except that the sample clamping is different from that in embodiment 5, the remaining steps in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 4, and are not described herein again.
The method can form horizontal cracks or inclined cracks D as shown in figure 12 on the cylindrical surface, can clamp the disc sample again through the sample clamp 8 to form cracks on the two parts, and can also adjust the height through the lifting device 91 to form a plurality of parallel cracks on the end surface.
The foregoing has described in detail preferred embodiments of this invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the teaching of this invention without undue experimentation. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concepts of the present invention are all within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a meticulous crack making devices of real rock sample which characterized in that: comprises a basic platform (1), a high-speed electric drill (7), a sample holder (8) and a position adjusting device; the high-speed electric drill (7) and the sample holder (8) are connected with the basic platform (1) through a position adjusting device; the position adjusting device consists of a lifting device (91), a longitudinal shifting device (92) and a sample shifting device (93): the longitudinal displacement device (92) is arranged on the lifting device (91) through an angle regulator and is connected with the lifting device (91) in a lifting structure; the angle regulator is provided with a structure capable of adjusting a pitch angle; the sample holder (8) is arranged on the sample shifting device (93), and the sample shifting device (93) is arranged on the basic platform (1) in a horizontally and transversely movable manner; the high-speed electric drill (7) is movably arranged on the longitudinal displacement device (92), and the high-speed electric drill (7) carries out crack machining by clamping the diamond cutter (6); the longitudinal displacement device (92) realizes position adjustment through a corresponding screw-nut pair transmission structure; the longitudinal displacement device (92) is also provided with a drilling loading unit for performing drilling driving and drilling depth control on the high-speed electric drill (7); the drilling loading unit comprises a loading spring, a locking component and a limiting device, the loading spring is used for driving the high-speed electric drill (7) to drill, the locking component is used for movably locking the high-speed electric drill (7), and the limiting device is used for controlling the drilling stroke of the high-speed electric drill (7).
2. The fine crack creation device of a real rock sample according to claim 1, wherein: the angle adjuster comprises a lifting slide block (12) driven by the lifting device (91), an angle adjusting seat (13) is arranged on the lifting slide block (12), and the lifting slide block (12) is hinged with the angle adjusting seat (13) through a hinge shaft (14); the lifting slide block (12) and the angle adjusting seat (13) are also limited to rotate by bolts (15) which can be matched with a plurality of jacks at different positions so as to form a relatively fixed phase relation; the lifting device (91) is arranged on the basic platform (1); and the lifting device (91) and the sample displacement device (93) realize position adjustment through corresponding screw-nut pair transmission structures respectively.
3. The fine crack creation apparatus of a real rock sample according to claim 2, wherein: the lifting device (91) and the longitudinal displacement device (92) are both provided with a scale; the angle regulator is provided with an angle scale.
4. The fine crack creation device of a real rock sample according to claim 1, wherein: the diamond cutter (6) consists of a diamond drill bit with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm and a diamond grinding head with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm; the grinding head is of a round-bar-shaped grinding wheel structure, and the drill bit and the grinding head are clamped and fixed through a drill chuck arranged by a high-speed electric drill (7) in an alternative mode.
5. The apparatus for producing fine cracks of real rock specimens according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the sample holder (8) is arranged on the sample displacement device (93) via a rotary table (24).
6. A method for manufacturing fine cracks of a real rock sample, which is implemented based on the device for manufacturing fine cracks of the real rock sample according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, drawing an inclined crack position on a rock test piece according to the crack parameters of a crack to be processed of a raw rock test piece; the crack parameters comprise the number, width, length, depth, and included angle and position with the horizontal plane of the crack;
secondly, fixing the original rock sample on a sample holder (8) in a mode that the upper and lower planes are horizontal, and roughly adjusting the position of the sample through a position adjusting device; meanwhile, according to the width of the crack, selecting a diamond cutter (6) with the diameter equal to the width of the crack, and clamping and fixing the diamond cutter (6) through a drill chuck of a high-speed electric drill (7);
thirdly, adjusting the longitudinal displacement device (92) to be parallel to the horizontal plane or to be an inclined angle with the same included angle between the crack and the horizontal plane through an angle adjuster; the height and the horizontal position of the high-speed electric drill (7) are adjusted through a lifting device (91) and a longitudinal displacement device (92); the tip of the front end of a drill bit forming the diamond cutter (6) is close to the sample, and the tip end point of the drill bit forms a drilling starting point; in the drilling process of the high-speed electric drill (7), the contact point of the front end tip of the drill bit and the sample forms a crack processing starting point;
fourthly, starting the high-speed electric drill (7) to enable the drill bit to drill in the crack depth direction until the drill bit is retreated to the drilling starting point after the set depth is drilled;
fifthly, adjusting the position of the test piece through a test sample holder (8), changing the positions of the drill holes towards the length direction of the crack, and enabling the adjacent drill holes not to be communicated with each other;
sixthly, repeatedly executing the fourth step and the fifth step to finish a plurality of holes drilled in the length direction of the crack on the original rock sample;
seventhly, adjusting the test piece to the first drilling position through a test piece holder (8); and replacing the drill bit with a grinding head;
eighthly, starting the high-speed electric drill (7) to feed the grinding head to a set depth along the crack depth direction, and moving the test piece position through the test piece holder (8); so that the plurality of bores are sequentially perforated to form the cracks.
7. The method for making fine cracks on a real rock sample according to claim 6, wherein: before the seventh step of replacing the drill bit, the method also comprises the step of rotating the sample through a rotary table (24) to enable the drill bit to be inclined to the drilled direction, and drilling a plurality of through holes on the hole wall connected with the adjacent drilled holes so as to reduce the penetrating and grinding amount.
8. The method for making fine cracks on a real rock sample according to claim 6, wherein: when a plurality of cracks are constructed on the same sample, the grinding head is replaced by a drill bit after the current crack is machined, and the clamping state of the sample or the transverse position of the sample is changed through the cooperation of the lifting device (91) and the sample holder (8), so that the machining starting point of the crack close to the crack is positioned on the axis of the drill bit.
9. The method for making fine cracks on a real rock sample according to claim 6, wherein: before the inclined crack is processed, the inclination angle of the axis of the drill bit and the horizontal plane is changed through an angle regulator, so that the inclination angle of the drill bit is consistent with the inclination angle of the crack to be processed.
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| CN111551413B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-13 | 山东高速科技发展集团有限公司 | Rock sample crack preparation device |
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| CN101077598B (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2011-11-09 | 李衍远 | Method for preparing flat-plate stone using rock crackle forming continuous spreading fracture |
| CN202726107U (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-02-13 | 遵义群建塑胶制品有限公司 | Simple bench drill with adjustable drilling direction |
| CN103157820B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-12-28 | 福建省海洋阀门科技有限公司 | Hands automatic drilling machine |
| CN104034552B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-03-23 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of ultrasonic wave added rock sampler and method |
| CN104074518B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-04-27 | 广西恒日科技股份有限公司 | Rock-boring splitter |
| CN104400914B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-09-28 | 重庆大学 | A kind of device realizing lateral drilling blind hole in Small-deep Hole |
| CN104655466B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-11-10 | 成都理工大学 | Make the mould with the rectangular body Model of crackle fragile material |
| CN105424446A (en) * | 2016-01-24 | 2016-03-23 | 山东科技大学 | Standard rock sample through fracture quick-making device and operation method thereof |
| CN106092699B (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-07-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | Cuboid rock sample three-dimensional discontinuously insertion crack producing device and method |
| CN206330779U (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-07-14 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of portable sampler of field rock |
| CN107132132B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-08-04 | 重庆大学 | Shear test device for rock fracture surface at any angle and test method thereof |
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