CN110260917B - 基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统 - Google Patents

基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统 Download PDF

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CN110260917B
CN110260917B CN201910525633.7A CN201910525633A CN110260917B CN 110260917 B CN110260917 B CN 110260917B CN 201910525633 A CN201910525633 A CN 201910525633A CN 110260917 B CN110260917 B CN 110260917B
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optical fiber
monument
sensing array
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monitoring system
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CN110260917A (zh
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童杏林
许欧阳
熊家国
邓承伟
张翠
李雪
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G01D21/02Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35312Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Fabry Perot
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings

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Abstract

本发明涉及光纤传感监测技术领域,具体指一种基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统;包括若干传感模块,信号解调仪、数据处理单元和计算机,所述若干传感模块分别植入于标牌或界碑中,传感模块包括基于光纤传感技术的振动传感器、温度和应变传感器,若干传感器通过光纤依次熔接构成光纤光栅传感阵列,光纤光栅传感阵列、信号解调仪、数据处理单元和计算机依次连接构成实时监测系统;本发明结构合理,将光纤光栅传感阵列应用于标识标牌与界碑中,拾取周边非法施工产生的振动信号,利用光纤布拉格光栅感知其被移动或破坏产生的应力应变信息,采用时分复用定位解调方式,可以对标识牌与界碑周围环境进行在线监测,实现了标识牌与界碑的智能化。

Description

基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传感监测技术领域,具体指一种基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统。
背景技术
标识牌与界碑已经应用广泛应用在人们的日常生活中,但是其功能单一,主要起着标识与警示的作用。例如,指示地下埋有光缆的标识牌仅仅具有警示的作用,无法对周围影响地下光缆的非法施工和破坏进行探测。界碑在直的边界上作为表示边界所在位置的标记物,仅仅起到标识的作用,无法感知外界的非法破坏。如何防止标识牌与界碑被非法破坏并对其安全状况进行监测一直是项目施工单位和管理部门头疼的问题。
光纤传感技术是20世纪70年代伴随光纤通信技术的发展而迅速发展起来的,以光波为载体,光线为媒介,感知和传输外界被测量信息的新型传感技术。具有灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰、本征安全和在恶劣环境中长期稳定工作等优点,在被测物体安全状况在线监测方面具有独特优势,将光纤光栅埋入材料或者贴合于内部表面,对温度和应变等均可以进行检测。可以对标识牌与界碑周围环境进行在线监测,智能感知安全状况,为国防标识牌和界碑的长期安全运行提供了保障,具有巨大的经济价值和重要的社会价值,研究成果具有十分广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足,提供一种结构合理、利用光纤布拉格光栅感知应力应变信息的基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明所述的一种基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统,包括若干传感模块,信号解调仪、数据处理单元和计算机,所述若干传感模块分别植入于标牌或界碑中,传感模块包括基于光纤传感技术的振动传感器、温度和应变传感器,若干传感器通过光纤依次熔接构成光纤光栅传感阵列,光纤光栅传感阵列、信号解调仪、数据处理单元和计算机依次连接构成实时监测系统。
根据以上方案,所述传感器的复合壳体内设置有一段光纤,且该段光纤的两个端部固定在复合壳体内;所述复合壳体内设有两个涨紧滑轮,光纤依次绕设于涨紧滑轮上,两个涨紧滑轮之间的光纤上设有质量块;所述涨紧滑轮与其中一个固定端之间的光纤上刻写有低反射率FBG振动传感器的布拉格光栅;所述另一个固定端的光纤引出部上刻写有低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器的布拉格光栅。
根据以上方案,所述传感器的复合壳体内设有一段光纤,且该段光纤上刻写有低反射率啁啾光栅对法布里-珀罗F-P谐振腔,所述光纤的引出部上刻写有低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器的布拉格光栅。
根据以上方案,所述信号解调仪通过时分复用技术对若干传感器发出的信号进行定位。
根据以上方案,所述传感器的复合壳体上设有防拆开关和报警模块。
根据以上方案,所述计算机上装有监控软件,监控软件可运用神经网络思想使监测系统具备多目标和多事件的自学习判断功能,进而智能甄别因环境与气候变化而产生的误差与干扰。
根据以上方案,所述计算机通过通信网络与后台监测中心连接。
本发明有益效果为:本发明结构合理,将光纤光栅传感阵列应用于标识标牌与界碑中,拾取周边非法施工产生的振动信号,利用光纤布拉格光栅感知其被移动或破坏产生的应力应变信息,采用时分复用定位解调方式,可以对标识牌与界碑周围环境进行在线监测,实现了标识牌与界碑的智能化。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图;
图2是本发明的实施例1结构示意图;
图3是本发明的实施例2结构示意图。
图中:
1、传感器;2、光纤;3、信号解调仪;4、数据处理单元;5、计算机;11、光纤光栅传感阵列;12、复合壳体;13、涨紧滑轮;14、质量块;15、低反射率FBG振动传感器;16、低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器;17、低反射率啁啾光栅对法布里-珀罗F-P谐振腔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明。
如图1所示,本发明所述的一种基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统,包括若干传感模块,信号解调仪3、数据处理单元4和计算机5,所述若干传感模块分别植入于标牌或界碑中,传感模块包括基于光纤2传感技术的振动传感器1、温度和应变传感器1,若干传感器1通过光纤2依次熔接构成光纤光栅传感阵列11,光纤光栅传感阵列11、信号解调仪3、数据处理单元4和计算机5依次连接构成实时监测系统;上述部件为本发明的主体结构,传感模块通过感知周围施工产生的振动、温度和应变力信息,数据处理单元3通过时分复用技术对信号源进行定位并发送给计算机5,从而对构成标识标牌与界碑的状况实时监测系统。
本发明的实施例1,所述传感器1的复合壳体12内设置有一段光纤2,且该段光纤2的两个端部固定在复合壳体12内;所述复合壳体12内设有两个涨紧滑轮13,光纤2依次绕设于涨紧滑轮13上,两个涨紧滑轮13之间的光纤2上设有质量块14;所述涨紧滑轮13与其中一个固定端之间的光纤2上刻写有低反射率FBG振动传感器15的布拉格光栅;所述另一个固定端的光纤2引出部上刻写有低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器16的布拉格光栅;所述光纤2在复合壳体12内构成单支点弹性绳结构,两个涨紧滑轮13对该光纤2施加1nm的预拉伸量,质量块14通过环氧树脂胶与光纤2固定在一起,质量块14与刻有FBG布拉格光栅的位置保持约25mm的距离,当低反射率FBG振动传感器15受到径向力的作用时,外力使得质量块4振动并带动光纤2离开水平位置,光纤2的拉力改变了FBG布拉格光栅的周期,使FBG布拉格光栅的反射波长发生变化,随着质量块14的振动,FBG布拉格光栅波长的幅度与频率产生相应的变化,从而获得标识标牌与界碑处的振动信息。
本发明的实施例2,所述传感器1的复合壳体12内设有一段光纤2,且该段光纤2上刻写有低反射率啁啾光栅对法布里-珀罗F-P谐振腔17,所述光纤2的引出部上刻写有低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器16的布拉格光栅;所述低反射率啁啾光栅对法布里-珀罗F-P谐振腔17可以拾取周边非法施工产生的振动信号,外界环境(如应变等)改变时,传感器腔长将随之发生变化,信号解调仪3对信号进行解调,通过腔长的变化量得到需要测量的环境参数变化。光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器干涉谱呈余弦分布,可以通过傅里叶方法得到传感器腔长,由于具有不同腔长的传感器的干涉信号传回信号解调仪3的时序不同,这样对于叠加在一起的多个不同腔长的光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器信号可以通过时分复用方法进行解调,实现智能感知周围非法施工。
所述低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器16可感受外界温度同时保障其他光栅的正常使用,振动传感器1感知其被移动或破坏产生的应力应变信息,并通过温度传感器对信号进行补偿,同样利用时分复用进行定位。
本系统的野外供电方面,在日照比较丰富的地方采用太阳能发电系统,在风能比较丰富的地方采用风能和太阳能互补的发电系统,实现远程分布式测量,降低了系统和维护成本。
本发明的智能监测方法包括以下步骤:不同智能标识标牌与界碑中置入的低反射率FBG振动传感器15或者低反射率啁啾光栅对法布里-珀罗F-P谐振腔17拾取周边非法施工产生的振动信号,低反射率布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)构成的光栅感知其被移动或破坏产生的应力应变信息,并通过光纤2将光谱信号送入信号解调仪3,解调后的信号送入数据处理单元4,最后将结果显示在计算机5中的专家系统中,自动检测不同标识牌与界碑的状态情况。
所述信号解调仪3通过时分复用技术对若干传感器1发出的信号进行定位,布拉格光栅FBG可以感受外界应力变化,当其被非法移动或者破坏时,反射回来的光谱中心波长发生改变,通过对反射信号的解调与分析能够对位置进行定位。
信号解调过程主要包括信号采集、预处理、特征提取和信号解调等步骤;信号采集是调用采集方法提取不同时延的低反射率FBG温度传感器返回的光谱信号;预处理包括对采集的原始光谱信号先进行去噪再信号分离,去噪目的是滤除高频噪声,提高信噪比,信号分离从光谱信号中获取FBG子光谱;特征提取包括从子光谱中提取布格拉布拉格波长;信号解调是先从布拉格波长转换为温度值和应变信息值,算法根据获取的信号值确定当前的标定曲线。解调出的信号通过网络接口传输给计算机5主机,计算机5的模式识别软件分析系统首先根据预先设定将传感信号进行区分,计算出不同标识牌与界碑周围温度与受力状况值,实现整个链路上的温度与受力趋势在线监测,对国防标识标牌与界碑的长期安全运行提供保障。
所述传感器1的复合壳体12上设有防拆开关和报警模块。
所述计算机5上装有监控软件,监控软件可运用神经网络思想使监测系统具备多目标和多事件的自学习判断功能,进而智能甄别因环境与气候变化而产生的误差与干扰;神经网络思想的自适应动态规划算法流程如下:当前收到的波长信号和在T周期开始时所测定基准波长信号比较,得到一个差值,用这个差值表示振动大小,如果差值大于阈值时,则提示有非法破坏或非法施工并同时启动报警,同时比对所建立的风雨等多样气候模型数据库,排除误报可能性后发出报警范围的有效地址代码,安防集控平台在接收到代码后,作出报警响应。这种自适应算法目的是为了省去更多的系统调试的时间,使得用户可以直接连接传感与解调系统后,不需要二次标定直接应用。
所述计算机5通过通信网络与后台监测中心连接,监测人员可对标识牌与界碑的安全状况进行实时监测。
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施方式,故凡依本发明专利申请范围所述的构造、特征及原理所做的等效变化或修饰,均包括于本发明专利申请范围内。

Claims (3)

1.基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统,包括若干传感器(1),信号解调仪(3)、数据处理单元(4)和计算机(5),其特征在于:所述若干传感器(1)分别植入于标牌或界碑中,传感器(1)包括基于光纤传感技术的低反射率FBG振动传感器(15)、低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器(16),若干传感器(1)通过光纤(2)依次熔接构成光纤光栅传感阵列(11),光纤光栅传感阵列(11)、信号解调仪(3)、数据处理单元(4)和计算机(5)依次连接构成实时监测系统;所述传感器(1)的复合壳体(12)内设置有一段光纤(2),且该段光纤(2)的两个端部固定在复合壳体(12)内;所述复合壳体(12)内设有两个涨紧滑轮(13),光纤(2)依次绕设于涨紧滑轮(13)上,两个涨紧滑轮(13)之间的光纤(2)上设有质量块(14);所述涨紧滑轮(13)与其中一个固定端之间的光纤(2)上刻写有低反射率FBG振动传感器(15)的布拉格光栅;另一个固定端的光纤(2)引出部上刻写有低反射率FBG温度与应变传感器(16)的布拉格光栅;所述信号解调仪(3)通过时分复用技术对若干传感器(1)发出的信号进行定位;所述传感器(1)的复合壳体(12)上设有防拆开关和报警模块。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统,其特征在于:所述计算机(5)上装有监控软件,监控软件运用神经网络思想使监测系统具备多目标和多事件的自学习判断功能,进而智能甄别因环境与气候变化而产生的误差与干扰。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于光纤光栅传感阵列的智能标识标牌与界碑状况监测系统,其特征在于:所述计算机(5)通过通信网络与后台监测中心连接。
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