CN110258436B - Method for simulating weakening of strength of nearly horizontal weak structural surface of dam foundation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating weakening of strength of a nearly horizontal weak structural plane of a dam foundation, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing different similar materials with temperature rise and strength reduction; s2, performing a temperature rise and strength drop shearing test on the temperature rise and strength drop similar material to obtain an analytical expression of a temperature rise and strength drop curve of the temperature rise and strength drop similar material; s3, simulating a dam foundation by using a geomechanical model material, and simulating each weak structural surface by using the similar material with the temperature rise and the strength drop; s4, arranging a heating system and a temperature control system in the plurality of temperature-raising and intensity-lowering similar materials; and S5, obtaining the intensity reduction amplitude of the model in different areas through different temperature increases of a plurality of temperature-increasing intensity-reduction similar materials. The invention achieves the effect of carrying out large-range and high-strength-reduction amplitude tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological information acquisition, in particular to a method for simulating weakening of the strength of a near-horizontal weak structural surface of a dam foundation.
Background
Geomechanical model tests have three destructive test methods, namely an overload method, a strength reduction method (strength storage method) and a comprehensive method. The comprehensive method combines an overload method and a strength reduction method into a whole, takes the possibility of sudden flood possibly encountered in engineering into consideration, and also takes the possibility of gradual reduction of mechanical parameters of rock mass and a weak structural plane under the action of reservoir water in the long-term operation of the engineering into consideration, so that various factors influencing the stability of the dam are obtained, and the comprehensive method is more in line with the engineering practice.
However, the realization of the comprehensive method in the model test must be premised on the realization of an overload method and a reduction method, wherein the overload method is easy to realize in the model by gradually increasing the upstream water load to carry out the test; therefore, the key to realizing the comprehensive method is to realize the strength reduction method of gradually reducing the material parameters in the same model. However, the common characteristic of the traditional model materials is that once the model materials are prepared, the mechanical parameters of the materials are fixed, so that the phenomenon of the reduction of the mechanical properties of rocks and soft structural surfaces cannot be simulated; if the strength reduction method test is to be realized, only one material parameter is used for corresponding to one model, so that the test workload is large, the investment is high, the period is long, and the test precision cannot be ensured, so that the requirements of test research are difficult to meet.
Chinese patent document CN201610016604.4, application date 20160108, with patent names: a geological temperature-sensitive material capable of simulating a weak layer, a manufacturing method thereof and a temperature control system, and discloses a geomechanical temperature-sensitive material capable of simulating a weak layer, a manufacturing method thereof and a temperature control system. The material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of barite powder, 1.8-2.5 parts of cement, 1-4 parts of water, 1-5 parts of No. 46 waste hydraulic oil, 2-6 parts of paraffin and 0.5-2 parts of rubber powder. The method for preparing the material comprises the steps of uniformly stirring barite powder, rubber powder and cement, adding paraffin, No. 46 waste hydraulic oil and water into the material, uniformly stirring and forming. The material carry out the used temperature control system of control by temperature change experiment, the system includes carbon fiber heater wire, high accuracy temperature controller, exempts from broken line T type binding post, first group wire, air switch and power, the multiunit the carbon fiber heater wire is arranged in can simulate in the geomechanics temperature sensitive material of weak aspect and connect on first group wire through parallelly connected mode.
The above patent literature simulates a mechanical test of a soft layer through the geological temperature-sensitive material and the temperature control system, but from the view of a temperature change curve, the shear strength of the geological temperature-sensitive material cannot be reduced continuously after the temperature exceeds 40 ℃. Therefore, there is a need for a material with a shear strength reduction of more than 50% and a method of strength reduction in combination therewith to obtain a wide range of high strength reduction test results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for simulating the weakening of the strength of a nearly horizontal weak structural surface of a dam foundation so as to achieve the effect of carrying out a large-range and high-strength-reduction-amplitude test.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for simulating the weakening of the strength of a near-horizontal weak structural surface of a dam foundation comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a plurality of different similar materials with temperature rise and strength drop according to different fault structural surfaces and soft interlayers, wherein the similar materials with temperature rise and strength drop comprise copper metal foils, grease, high polymer material small white balls and films;
s2, performing a temperature rise and strength reduction shearing test on the temperature rise and strength reduction similar materials to obtain temperature rise and strength reduction curves of the temperature rise and strength reduction similar materials, and solving an analytical expression of the temperature rise and strength reduction curves;
s3, simulating a dam foundation by using a geomechanical model material, and simulating each weak structural surface by using a plurality of similar materials with the temperature rise and the strength drop;
s4, arranging a heating system and a temperature control system in the plurality of temperature-raising and intensity-lowering similar materials;
s5, different intensity reduction amplitudes are obtained by different temperature increases of the temperature increasing and intensity reducing similar materials through the temperature increasing system and the temperature control system.
Through the technical scheme, the friction form of the contact surface is changed by a temperature rise method in the test process, so that the shear strength tau (f, c) is gradually reduced, the change of a mechanical effect is generated by using a thermal effect, and the effect of gradually reducing the mechanical parameters of the material is achieved.
Preferably, in S1, the material with similar temperature rise and drop strength is prepared by firstly coating a layer of grease on the copper metal foil, then uniformly adhering a layer of small white spheres of the polymer material on the grease, and finally covering the film, so as to obtain the material with similar temperature rise and drop strength.
Through the technical scheme, the copper metal foil can be used for simulating the weak structural surface and enabling the whole weak structural surface to be heated uniformly, so that the whole structural surface has approximately the same strength reduction amplitude; in addition, the area of the copper metal foil is larger, so that the effects of concentrating the temperature and increasing the strength reduction range of the material can be achieved.
Preferably, in S1, the thickness of the copper metal foil is 0.8-1 mm; the grease is lithium-based lubricating oil; the polymer material white beads are polymer microspheres in ion exchange resin, and the polymer microspheres are three-dimensional mesh polymer materials with ionizable groups; including but not limited to polytetrafluoroethylene films, polyethylene films, waxed paper.
Through the technical scheme, the grease can be rapidly heated and melted and combined with the granular polymer material, so that the shear strength of the interlayer is changed through a method of combining sliding friction and rolling friction and converting; the film can adjust the friction coefficient; the effect of simulating the friction characteristic of the soft structural surface is achieved.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the weak structural plane is not more than 30 °.
Preferably, when the model is built, the method further comprises the step of partitioning the plane and the vertical surface respectively to obtain a plurality of test areas, wherein the plurality of test areas are filled with the similar material with the temperature rise and the temperature drop, and the plurality of test areas are arranged at intervals to avoid the short circuit phenomenon.
By the technical scheme, different conditions of geological structure change are considered during model building, and the effect of fully simulating the strength weakening behavior of the weak structure in the dam foundation is achieved by partitioning the plane and the vertical face.
Preferably, when the model is built, the zones are firstly partitioned according to the difference of the strength parameters of each zone in the same fault, and then the zones are further partitioned according to the difference of the weakening rates of the strength parameters of each zone in the part with the same strength parameter, so that a plurality of test zones are obtained.
By the technical scheme, the difference of the strength parameters of the regions in the same fault and the difference of the weakening rates of the strength parameters of the regions with the same strength parameters are fully considered, so that the model after partitioning is more practical, and the effect of more accurate test results is achieved.
Preferably, the height range of a plurality of test areas is 10-50 cm, and the area range of a plurality of test areas is 100-5000 cm2。
Through the technical scheme, the smaller the range of the test area is, the greater the difficulty in arrangement of the resistance wire is, and the larger the range of the test area is, the longer the time required for temperature rise and strength reduction is, so that the range of the test area is controlled, the difficulty in arrangement of the temperature rise system and the temperature control system and the time for strength reduction test duration can be controlled within a reasonable range, and the effect of keeping the balance relationship between the difficulty in arrangement and the test efficiency is achieved.
Preferably, in S4, the temperature raising system includes a resistance wire and a voltage regulator, the resistance wire is connected to the voltage regulator, the resistance wire is in direct contact with the surface (metal copper foil) of the temperature raising and lowering similar material, and the voltage regulator is located outside the model; the temperature control system comprises a temperature itinerant detector and a thermocouple, the temperature itinerant detector is connected with the thermocouple, the temperature itinerant detector is located outside the model, the thermocouple is embedded in the similar material with the temperature rise and the temperature drop, and the thermocouple and the resistance wire are arranged in a separated mode.
According to the technical scheme, after the temperature rising system and the temperature control system are electrified, the resistance wire is heated to rise the temperature and transmits the heat to the temperature rising and lowering similar material, so that the friction situation between contact surfaces is changed, and the shear strength of the temperature rising and lowering similar material is changed in the test process; at the moment, the heating system and the temperature control system jointly control the test process, and the effect of accurately controlling the heating rate and the temperature is achieved.
Preferably, the resistance wire needs to be electrified and heated before being buried, and finally, the resistance wire is naturally cooled.
Through the technical scheme, the resistance wire is pretreated, and the effects of preventing the resistance wire from being broken in the embedding process and enabling the resistance wire to be stretched more easily are achieved.
Preferably, in S5, the relationship between temperature and intensity is determined by an analytical expression of the temperature rise and drop curve, and the value of temperature rise for different materials with similar temperature rise and drop is determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the nearly horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation, the friction form of the contact surface is changed by a temperature rise method in the test process, so that the shear strength tau (f, c) is gradually reduced, the change of the mechanical effect is generated by using the heat effect, and the effect of gradually reducing the mechanical parameters of the material is achieved.
2. According to the method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the nearly horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation, the copper metal foil is used for simulating the outside of the weak structural surface, so that the whole weak structural surface can be uniformly heated, and the whole structural surface has approximately the same strength reduction amplitude; in addition, the area of the copper metal foil is larger, so that the effects of concentrating the temperature and increasing the strength reduction range of the material can be achieved.
3. According to the method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the dam foundation near-horizontal weak structural surface, the difference of the strength parameters of all the regions in the same fault and the difference of the weakening rates of all the strength parameters of all the regions with the same strength parameters are fully considered during zoning, so that the model after zoning is more practical, and the effect of enabling the test result to be more accurate is achieved.
4. According to the method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the nearly horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation, before the test, a temperature rise and strength fall shearing test is carried out on a plurality of temperature rise and strength fall similar materials, so that temperature rise and strength fall curves of the plurality of temperature rise and strength fall similar materials are obtained and are used in a temperature rise stage in the test, and the effect of accurately controlling the test process is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a ramp-down shear test as described in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of temperature rise and drop and analytical expressions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of test areas according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic position diagram of the temperature raising system and the temperature control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
A method for simulating the weakening of the strength of a near-horizontal weak structural surface of a dam foundation comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a plurality of different similar materials with temperature rise and strength drop according to different fault structural surfaces and soft interlayers, wherein the similar materials with temperature rise and strength drop comprise copper metal foils, grease, high polymer material small white balls and films, the grease is lithium-based lubricating oil, the high polymer material small white balls are polymer microspheres in ion exchange resin, and the films are wax paper; the preparation method comprises the steps of firstly coating a layer of grease on the copper metal foil, then uniformly sticking a layer of the high polymer material small white balls on the grease, and finally covering the film to obtain the similar material with the temperature rise and the strength drop;
s2, carrying out a temperature rise and strength drop shear test (shown in figure 1) on a plurality of temperature rise and strength drop similar materials to obtain temperature rise and strength drop curves (shown in figure 2) of the plurality of temperature rise and strength drop similar materials, so that the maximum strength drop amplitude of the materials can reach about 80% by the structural surface simulated by the components; then, solving an analytical expression of the temperature rising and falling intensity curve, wherein the analytical expression is used for accurately controlling the temperature rising degree of a plurality of temperature rising and falling intensity similar materials in the step S6;
s3, simulating a rock mass by using a geomechanical model material, simulating each soft structural surface by using a plurality of temperature-raising and intensity-lowering similar materials, and when the temperature rises, heating and intensity-lowering the grease in the similar materials to melt, and gradually melting the small white balls of the high polymer material, so that the friction form of the contact surface is changed, the shear strength tau (f, c) is gradually reduced, the change of a mechanical effect is generated by using a thermal effect, and the effect of gradually reducing the mechanical parameters of the material is achieved;
s4, during building of the model, partitioning is carried out according to different strength parameters of all regions in the same fault, then further partitioning is carried out according to different weakening rates of the strength parameters of all regions in the same strength parameter part, a plurality of test regions (shown in figure 3) are obtained, the height range of each test region is 10-50 cm, and the area range of each test region is 100-5000 cm2(ii) a The test areas are built by adopting geomechanical model materials, and the contact surfaces of the test areas are filled with different similar materials with temperature rise and drop strength; by the partitioning method, the partitioned model is more practical, and the effect of more accurate test results is achieved;
s5, arranging a temperature raising system and a temperature control system in the plurality of temperature raising and reducing similar materials respectively (as shown in figure 4); the temperature raising system comprises a resistance wire and a voltage regulator which are connected with each other; the resistance wire is in direct contact with the surface of the material with similar temperature rise and strength reduction, and the resistance wire needs to be electrified and heated before being embedded and is naturally cooled, so that the effects of difficult fracture and easy stretching are achieved; the pressure regulator is positioned outside the model; the temperature control system comprises an XJ-100 type temperature itinerant detector and a thermocouple which are connected with each other, the temperature itinerant detector is positioned outside the model, the thermocouple is embedded in a similar material with temperature rise and drop intensity, and the thermocouple and the resistance wire are arranged in a separated mode; after the temperature rise system and the temperature control system are electrified, the test process is controlled together, and the effect of accurately controlling the temperature rise rate and the temperature is achieved;
s6, judging the change relation between the temperature and the strength through an analytical expression of the temperature rise and reduction curve, determining the numerical value of temperature rise of different temperature rise and reduction similar materials, and finally heating a plurality of temperature rise and reduction similar materials to different degrees to obtain the reduction amplitude of the model in different areas and realize the zone reduction.
Test effects
In order to verify the effect of the test method, the test method is applied to a comprehensive geomechanical model test of the integral stability of the Xiluodi arch dam, and 14 interlayer dislocation zones exist in the rock mass of the dam foundation and the dam abutment of the arch dam. In the test, the temperature rise and the temperature drop of the dislocation belt in the interlayer of 13 on the left bank and 12 on the right bank are enhanced. The names and intensity reduction widths of the respective dislocation bands are shown in the following table, and the experimental data of the temperature rise and the intensity reduction are also shown in the following table.
From the above table, the strength storage coefficient K1 of each test area can be obtained by the method of the present invention, and the finally obtained temperature is basically the same as the temperature required to be raised according to the temperature raising and lowering curve, and the error is about ± 0.33%, that is, the error of the lowering amplitude is about ± 0.33%, thus verifying the correctness of the present invention.
In conclusion, the method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the nearly horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation achieves the effect of carrying out large-range and high-strength-reduction-amplitude tests.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for simulating the weakening of the strength of a nearly horizontal weak structural surface of a dam foundation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a plurality of different similar materials with temperature rise and strength drop according to different fault structural surfaces and soft interlayers, wherein the similar materials with temperature rise and strength drop comprise copper metal foils, grease, high polymer material small white balls and films; the thickness of the copper metal foil is 0.8-1 mm; the grease is lithium-based lubricating oil; the polymer material white beads are polymer microspheres in ion exchange resin, and the polymer microspheres are three-dimensional mesh polymer materials with ionizable groups; such films include, but are not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene films, polyethylene films, waxed paper;
s2, performing a temperature rise and strength reduction shearing test on the temperature rise and strength reduction similar materials to obtain temperature rise and strength reduction curves of the temperature rise and strength reduction similar materials, and solving an analytical expression of the temperature rise and strength reduction curves;
s3, simulating a dam foundation by using a geomechanical model material, and simulating each weak structural surface by using a plurality of similar materials with the temperature rise and the strength drop;
s4, arranging a heating system and a temperature control system in the plurality of temperature-raising and intensity-lowering similar materials;
s5, different strength reduction amplitudes are obtained through different temperature increases of the plurality of temperature-increasing and strength-reducing similar materials by the temperature increasing system and the temperature control system.
2. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the manufacturing method of the similar material for increasing temperature and decreasing pressure comprises the steps of firstly coating a layer of grease on the copper metal foil, then uniformly adhering a layer of the small white spheres of the high polymer material on the grease, and finally covering the film, so as to obtain the similar material for increasing temperature and decreasing pressure.
3. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inclination angle of the soft structural plane is not more than 30 degrees.
4. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method further comprises the step of partitioning the plane and the vertical surface respectively to obtain a plurality of test areas when the model is built, wherein the plurality of test areas are arranged at intervals and are filled with the similar material with the temperature rise and the temperature drop.
5. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the model is built, firstly, the zones are partitioned according to the difference of the strength parameters of all the zones in the same fault, and then the zones are further partitioned according to the difference of the weakening rates of the strength parameters of all the zones in the parts with the same strength parameters to obtain a plurality of test zones.
6. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height range of a plurality of test areas is 10-50 cm, and the area range of a plurality of test areas is 100-5000 cm2。
7. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, the temperature rising system comprises a resistance wire and a voltage regulator, the resistance wire is connected with the voltage regulator, the resistance wire is directly contacted with the surface of the material with similar temperature rising and lowering strength, and the voltage regulator is positioned outside the model; the temperature control system comprises a temperature itinerant detector and a thermocouple, the temperature itinerant detector is connected with the thermocouple, the temperature itinerant detector is located outside the model, the thermocouple is embedded in the similar material with the temperature rise and the temperature drop, and the thermocouple and the resistance wire are arranged in a separated mode.
8. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the resistance wire needs to be electrified and heated before being buried, and finally, the resistance wire is naturally cooled.
9. The method for simulating the weakening of the strength of the near-horizontal weak structural surface of the dam foundation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S5, the relationship between temperature and intensity is determined by the analytical expression of the temperature rise and drop curve, and the value of temperature rise for different similar materials with similar temperature rise and drop intensity is determined.
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