CN110257513B - 一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂、试剂盒及检测试剂的应用 - Google Patents
一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂、试剂盒及检测试剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂、试剂盒及检测试剂的应用，该检测试剂包括基于检测CFTR基因启动子甲基化的引物。本发明的有益效果是：本发明的用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂及其试剂盒适于研究大量样本的DNA片段，具有方便快捷、灵敏度高、成本较低的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及癌症早期筛查技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂、试剂盒及检测试剂的应用。
背景技术
乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症，约占女性癌症患者的25％，仅次于肺癌成为发达国家肿瘤患者的第二大死因。近30年来，伴随着老龄化加剧、生态环境遭受破坏、不健康生活方式及食品安全等问题凸显，我国乳腺癌发病率多年持续上升。我国女性乳腺癌每年新增病例约21万，发病率最高年龄为42岁，女性乳腺癌发病平均年龄比西方国家提早了5-10年。2014年我国乳腺癌发病率位居女性恶性肿瘤的第一位，高达42/10万(每10万人中有42位乳腺癌患者)，死亡率近10/10万(每10万人中有10位乳腺癌患者死亡)。中国乳腺癌发病率的增速是全球平均增速的两倍，在全世界排第一。因此，筛选出乳腺癌新的诊疗靶点迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂，包括基于检测CFTR基因启动子甲基化的引物。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述引物包括外侧引物和内侧引物。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述外侧引物包括GTAAAGGAAGYGTTAAGGTAAATG、RCTCAACCCTTTTTCTCTAACC，所述内侧引物包括AAGGTTGTATTTTGATATAYGAAAGG、ACCCCTTCCTTTTACTCTTTCC；Y能够识别C或T两种碱基，R能够识别A或G两种碱基。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述外侧引物包括TATTTTAAAGTTTTTTTTAAAAATG、ATAATATCATTTACTTCCAATTCCCC，所述内侧引物包括GGTTTTTTAAGGTTGTATTTTGATATA、CCTTCACTACCCAAATTAAAAACC。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述外侧引物包括GTGTTTTAAGATTTTTGTGTTATTTTTG、ATAATATCATTTACTTCCAATTCCCC，所述内侧引物包括TTTTTTAAGGTTGTATTTTGATATA、CCTTCACTACCCAAATTAAAAACC。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述外侧引物包括AATATTTTAAAGTTTTTTTTAAAAATG、ATAATATCATTTACTTCCAATTCCCC，所述内侧引物包括GTTTTTTAAGGTTGTATTTTGATATA、CCTTCACTACCCAAATTAAAAACC。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述外侧引物包括ATATTTTAAAGTTTTTTTTAAAAATG、ATAATATCATTTACTTCCAATTCCCC，所述内侧引物包括TTTTTTTTAAAATGTATTTTGTAAA、CCTTCACTACCCAAATTAAAAACC。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述外侧引物包括ATTTTAAAGTTTTTTTTAAAAATG、ATAATATCATTTACTTCCAATTCCCC，所述内侧引物包括TTTTTTTAAAATGTATTTTGTAAA、CCTTCACTACCCAAATTAAAAACC。
本发明还提供了一种CFTR基因启动子甲基化的检测试剂在制备用于乳腺癌早期筛查试剂盒中的应用，所用检测试剂为本发明所述检测试剂。
本发明还提供了一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的试剂盒，包括甲基化特异性PCR试剂、修饰基因组DNA试剂、以及本发明所述的检测试剂。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂及其试剂盒适于研究大量样本的DNA片段，具有方便快捷、灵敏度高、成本较低的优点。
附图说明
图1是针对9个病人的癌旁和乳腺癌症组织，进行全基因组甲基化测序，发现CFTR基因甲基化程度增加示意图；其中，Normal是正常组织，cancer是乳腺癌组织。
图2是为针对同一组织的CFTR基因甲基化检测，不同引物所获得的效果示意图。
图3是基于筛选出的引物，早期筛查健康人、乳腺癌患者，结果显示乳腺癌患者甲基化增高示意图。
具体实施方式
囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节体(Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductanceregulator,CFTR)具有作为乳腺癌早期诊断标记物的重要潜在价值。CFTR是一种在上皮细胞中广泛表达的阴离子通道。CFTR是ATP结合盒(ATP binding cassette,ABC)转运蛋白超家族成员。CFTR由5个功能结构域组成：两个跨膜结构域(membrane spanning domains，MSD)MSD1和MSD2；两个核苷酸结合结构(nucleotide-binding domains，NBD)NBD1和NBD2；一个调节结构域R(regulatory domain)。两个MSD形成了选择性氯离子通道，两个NBD结构域和ATP相互作用调节氯离子通道的门控性，而R基团含有蛋白激酶A(PKA)和蛋白激酶C(PKC)的磷酸化位点，该区的磷酸化控制通道活性。另外，CFTR还具有一些介导蛋白和蛋白相互作用的位点：N端有与突触融合蛋白syntaxin-1A结合的位点；中间有蛋白磷酸酶PP2A结合位点及磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶AMPK的结合位点；C端有PDZ结构域结合位点，可结合很多PDZ蛋白如NHERF、EBP50和CAP70等，起到稳定膜CFTR以及调节CFTR通道活性的作用。CFTR也可利用此相互作用调控PDZ蛋白的功能。CFTR是人体内重要的阴离子通道，除介导Cl-和HCO3-的运输，参与上皮细胞电解质和液体的转运外，CFTR也具有调节细胞的增殖，凋亡，分化及迁移等功能。发明人前期研究发现乳腺癌中CFTR的表达量降低，乳腺癌的表达量和乳腺癌的预后有显著关系，但是机制不明确。
基因高度甲基化会导致基因mRNA水平降低，进而导致蛋白表达量降低。本申请发现在乳腺癌组织中CFTR高度甲基化，甲基化酶抑制剂处理乳腺癌细胞后，CFTR的mRNA水平显著升高，表明CFTR高度甲基化是导致乳腺癌组织中CFTR的mRNA和蛋白水平降低的主要原因。
本发明提供了一种检测CFTR甲基化的方法，用来判断正常组织和乳腺癌组织。
CFTR甲基化和乳腺癌的关系：
针对9个病人的癌旁和乳腺癌症组织，进行全基因组甲基化测序，发现CFTR基因甲基化程度增加,如图1所示。
检测CFTR启动子甲基化的引物设计:
根据CFTR启动子序列，分析其CpG岛(CpG Island)，设计出6组引物，如下表1：
注释：Y：可以识别C或T两种碱基；R:可以识别A或G两种碱基。
引物筛选:
根据对引物GC含量、引物长度，以及检测效果等因素的考虑和实验结果，针对同样的病人，1号引物检测出来甲基化程度最高，选择第1组引物为最佳引物,如图2所示。并进一步进行试验研究。
在图2中，1表示第1组引物，2表示第2组引物，3表示第3组引物，4表示第4组引物，5表示第5组引物，6表示第6组引物。
本发明公开了一种用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂和试剂盒，通过乳腺癌早期筛查试剂盒检测健康组织和乳腺癌组织。其中，Normal是正常组织，十个样本，cancer是乳腺癌组织，十个样本，结果显示乳腺癌组织中CFTR启动子甲基化增加，如图3所示。
使用本发明的乳腺癌早期筛查试剂盒的方法如下：
1、合成本发明的引物，准备检测。
2、基因组DNA提取，严格按照QIAamp DNA Mini Kit说明书进行操作。
3、DNA Bisulfite处理：
使用EpiTect Plus Bisulfite Kits(QIAGEN)处理试剂盒对DNA进行处理，严格按照说明书进行操作。
(1)亚硫酸盐反应体系
(2)反应条件
4、Bisulfite sequencing PCR
(1)外侧引物PCR反应体系
(2)PCR反应条件
(3)内侧引物PCR反应体系：
PCR反应条件与外侧引物PCR反应条件相同。
(4)PCR反应完取3μl PCR产物进行1％琼脂糖电泳分析。
5、PCR产物纯化按照QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit说明书进行PCR产物纯化，回收片段。
6、连接反应
7、转化：
(1)从-80℃冰箱取出感受态细胞，置冰盒中解冻。
(2)取连接产物3μl加到50μl Trans-T1感受态细胞中，混匀，冰浴30min。
(3)将上述转化产物置于42℃水浴中热激30sec，然后冰浴2-3min。
(4)向其中加入300μl37℃预热的LB培养基(不含抗生素)，200rpm、37℃振荡培养1h。
(5)吸取200μl菌液，加到含Amp抗生素的LB固体培养基上(抗生素浓度为100μg/ml)，用无菌的弯头玻棒轻轻的将菌液均匀涂开。待平板表面干燥后，倒置平板，37℃过夜培养。
8、测序：挑取上述平板上的单菌落，送测序公司测序鉴定；根据测序结果统计甲基化修饰概率。
本发明的用于乳腺癌早期筛查的检测试剂及其试剂盒适于研究大量样本的DNA片段，具有方便快捷、灵敏度高、成本较低的优点。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种检测CFTR基因启动子甲基化的试剂在制备用于乳腺癌早期筛查试剂盒中的应用，其特征在于：所述试剂包括基于检测CFTR基因启动子甲基化的引物，所述引物由外侧引物和内侧引物组成，所述外侧引物为GTAAAGGAAGYGTTAAGGTAAATG、RCTCAACCCTTTTTCTCTAACC，所述内侧引物为AAGGTTGTATTTTGATATAYGAAAGG、ACCCCTTCCTTTTACTCTTTCC；Y能够识别C或T两种碱基，R能够识别A或G两种碱基。
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