CN110255561A - A kind of N doping biomass porous carbon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of N doping biomass porous carbon and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110255561A
CN110255561A CN201910692104.6A CN201910692104A CN110255561A CN 110255561 A CN110255561 A CN 110255561A CN 201910692104 A CN201910692104 A CN 201910692104A CN 110255561 A CN110255561 A CN 110255561A
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preparation
porous carbon
tree
biomass porous
doping
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王岩
陈海红
余翠平
崔接武
秦永强
余东波
张勇
吴玉程
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/318Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/342Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
    • C01B32/348Metallic compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/24Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • H01G11/44Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

It is to be casted off a skin with Chinese parasol tree tree for raw material the invention discloses a kind of N doping biomass porous carbon and preparation method thereof, after activation of potassium hydroxide, the lower calcining of argon atmosphere protection, then through pickling, drying, i.e. acquisition N doping biomass porous carbon.Present invention process is simple and convenient to operate, and resulting materials can be used as the electrode material of supercapacitor, specific capacity height, good cycle.

Description

A kind of N doping biomass porous carbon and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass porous technical field of carbon material preparation, and in particular to a kind of to be casted off a skin with Chinese parasol tree tree for forerunner Body, the method for preparing N doping biomass porous carbon.
Background technique
In recent years, due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel and global warming, the exploitation of renewable and sustainable energy storage equipment It becomes increasingly conspicuous.Since supercapacitor has many advantages, such as that energy density height, power density is big, has extended cycle life, safe and reliable, quilt It is widely used in hybrid vehicle and portable electronic product.The energy storage of supercapacitor is based on ionic adsorption (double electricity Layer capacitor, EDLCs) or Rapid reversible faraday's reaction (pseudocapacitors).Carbonaceous nano material has biggish electrode/electro Matter interface and shorter diffusion path are solved, is the research hotspot for preparing electrochemical capacitor high-performance capacitor electrode.Carbon based material Such as electrode material of active carbon, carbon nanotube, Carbon fibe, templated porous charcoal, graphene as super capacitor device has and leads The capacitive properties such as electrical property is good, large specific surface area, pore-size distribution is suitable, surface functional group is abundant.
Double layer capacitor (EDLC) is with active carbon (ACs) for electrode material, and with power density height, capacity is big, leaks electricity It flows that small, charge and discharge process is simple, the advantages that having extended cycle life, is acknowledged as a kind of efficient electrical energy storage device.Active carbon Electrode has the excellent performances such as easy processing, at low cost, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, and is widely used.The desired activities of EDLC electrode Carbon Materials require high specific surface area and optimal pore-size distribution, this is extremely important to the Fabrication of High Specific Capacitance of EDLC.It is especially former Material and activation method are two key factors for influencing active carbon final structure and cost.
In recent years, many scholars feature cheap, from a wealth of sources, renewable and environmentally friendly because of biological material, by it As the various biomass waste materials such as the raw material for preparing active carbon, such as cocoanut shell, walnut shell, corn stover, rice husk all by conduct The presoma of biomass carbon material, to prepare the Carbon Materials of electrochemical performance.These raw materials are considered in traditional sense It is biological waste, but in terms of biomass carbon, these waste materials are renewable, inexpensive and rapid regeneration resource, are had Huge availability, therefore biomass is considered as a kind of carbon precursor of environmental protection, biomass castoff prepares Carbon Materials and also draws The extensive concern of people is played.But the existing active carbon prepared with biological material, when being used as electrode of super capacitor, The poor problem of generally existing performance.Therefore, continue to explore suitable biomass material and suitable preparation method, to be made The porous carbon material of specific capacity height, good cycle, has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of N doping biomass porous carbons and preparation method thereof, it is therefore intended that suitable by screening Biomass material and suitable preparation method, to obtain the electrode material for super capacitor of specific capacity height, good cycle.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of N doping biomass porous carbon, it is characterized in that: it is casted off a skin with Chinese parasol tree tree for raw material, through hydrogen After potassium oxide activation, the lower calcining of argon atmosphere protection, then through pickling, drying, i.e. acquisition N doping biomass porous carbon.Specific packet Include following steps:
1) Chinese parasol tree tree husking deionized water is cleaned by ultrasonic completely, is then dried, then be broken into powder with wall-breaking machine, obtained Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder;
2) potassium hydroxide is mixed with Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder and is placed in beaker, appropriate deionization is then added Water stirs 8-12h, then dries;
3) product obtained in step 2) is pulverized, is then placed in tube furnace, carried out under argon atmosphere protection Calcining, is down to room temperature after calcining, take out;
4) product for obtaining step 3), which is placed in hydrochloric acid solution, stirs 8-12h, is then centrifuged for separating, and gained precipitating is spent Ionized water eccentric cleaning is to neutrality, then dries, i.e. acquisition N doping biomass porous carbon.
Further, in step 2), potassium hydroxide, Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder, deionized water amount ratio be 2~4g: 10g:50mL。
Further, in step 3), calcination temperature is 800 DEG C, and heating rate is 5-10 DEG C of min-1.Further, institute Stating calcining is first with 5 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be warming up to 400 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then again with 10 DEG C of min-1Heating speed Rate is warming up to 800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h.
Further, in step 4), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the revolving speed of centrifuge separation be 3500rpm, Centrifugation time is 5min.
Further, the drying in step 1), step 2) and step 4) is dried in 80 DEG C of baking oven.
Present invention N doping biomass porous carbon obtained is used as the electrode material of supercapacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
1, by using the husking of Chinese parasol tree tree as raw material and preparation process is rationally arranged in the present invention, including activation method, forges Burning condition etc., gained N doping biomass porous carbon pattern is uniformly, aperture is mostly micropore and has that part is mesoporous, large specific surface area; Using N doping biomass porous carbon obtained by the present invention as the electrode material of supercapacitor, specific capacity height, good cycle, phase Than showing superior performance in existing biomass porous carbon.
2, the raw materials used in the present invention Chinese parasol tree tree casts off a skin, and is renewable resource, from a wealth of sources, has practical, at low cost Advantage.
3, preparation process of the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and is a kind of method that situ Nitrogen Doping may be implemented, and is not necessarily to Additionally introduce other nitrogen sources.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the SEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is the SEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is the SEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 5;
Fig. 6 is the TEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 5;
Fig. 7 is the XPS figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 5;
Fig. 8 is the SEM figure of N doping biomass porous carbon prepared by embodiment 6;
Fig. 9 is bent for the constant current charge-discharge of electrode prepared by the N doping biomass porous carbon using Examples 1 to 6 Line.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the present invention Specific embodiment be described in detail.The following contents is affiliated only to design example of the invention and explanation Those skilled in the art make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or using similar sides Formula substitution, as long as it does not deviate from the concept of invention or beyond the scope defined by this claim, should belong to of the invention Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment prepares N doping biomass porous carbon as follows:
1) it takes 10g Chinese parasol tree tree to cast off a skin, places it in beaker after being soaked with deionized water and be cleaned by ultrasonic completely, be then put into It is dried in 80 DEG C of baking oven, then is broken into powder with wall-breaking machine, obtain Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder;
2) 2g potassium hydroxide is mixed with 10g Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder and is placed in beaker, 50mL deionization is then added Water stirs 8h, then is placed in 80 DEG C of baking ovens and dries;
3) product obtained in step 2) is ground into powder in mortar, takes appropriate powder to be placed in and burn in boat, then It is put into tube furnace, is calcined under argon atmosphere protection, calcination temperature is 800 DEG C, and heating rate is 5 DEG C of min-1, heat preservation Time is 2h, is cooled to room temperature taking-up to tube furnace after calcining;
4) powder for obtaining step 3) be placed in concentration be 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution stir 12h, be then centrifuged for separation (from Heart revolving speed is 3500rpm, centrifugation time 5min), gained precipitating deionized water eccentric cleaning to neutrality, then it is placed in 80 DEG C It is dried in baking oven, i.e. acquisition N doping biomass porous carbon.
Fig. 1 is that the SEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, and as can be seen from the figure porous structure has preliminarily formed, but simultaneously Unevenly.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment prepares N doping biomass porous carbon by the identical method of embodiment 1, and difference is only that: in step 2) Potassium hydroxide quality is 3g.
Fig. 2 is that the SEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, and as can be seen from the figure sample has formed uniform porous structure.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment prepares N doping biomass porous carbon by the identical method of embodiment 1, and difference is only that: in step 2) Potassium hydroxide quality is 4g.
Fig. 3 is that the SEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, and as can be seen from the figure with the increase of KOH amount, porous structure is opened Beginning gradually collapses.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment prepares N doping biomass porous carbon by the identical method of embodiment 1, and difference is only that: in step 3) Calcining be first with 5 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be warming up to 400 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then again with 10 DEG C of min-1Heating speed Rate is warming up to 800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h.
Fig. 4 is that the SEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, and has as can be seen from the figure formed a small amount of porous structure, but And it is uneven.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment prepares N doping biomass porous carbon by the identical method of embodiment 2, and difference is only that: in step 3) Calcining be first with 5 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be warming up to 400 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then again with 10 DEG C of min-1Heating speed Rate is warming up to 800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h.
Fig. 5 is that the SEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, as can be seen from the figure the resulting sample of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 compare, and pore size distribution is more uniform, and porous structure has formed.
Fig. 6 is that the TEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, as can be seen from the figure comprising micro- in the resulting sample of the present embodiment The pore structures such as hole, mesoporous, it is corresponding with Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is that the XPS of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, and as can be seen from the figure C is main in sample obtained by the present embodiment A small amount of O element is contained on element, surface, while can be seen that the method can form the doping of N element in situ.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment prepares N doping biomass porous carbon by the identical method of embodiment 3, and difference is only that: in step 3) Calcining be first with 5 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be warming up to 400 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then again with 10 DEG C of min-1Heating speed Rate is warming up to 800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h.
Fig. 8 is that the SEM of the present embodiment products therefrom schemes, and as can be seen from the figure pore structure is collapsed more obvious.
Embodiment 7
Porous carbon material can be applied to a variety of energy storage devices, such as supercapacitor.To test electricity obtained by above-described embodiment The capacitive property of pole material does following test: by the various embodiments described above N doping biomass porous carbon obtained and gathering inclined fluorine Ethylene (PVDF) 9:1 in mass ratio, adds 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) that slurry is made, and is 1cm*2cm's coated in area On carbon paper, coated area 1*1cm2, electrode is made.Electro-chemical test uses three-electrode system, and saturated calomel electrode is as ginseng Than electrode, Pt as to electrode, in 6mol/L KOH solution, in -1~0V potential range, current density 1Ag-1Under into The test of row constant current charge-discharge.
Fig. 9 is bent for the constant current charge-discharge of electrode prepared by the N doping biomass porous carbon using Examples 1 to 6 Line.Comparison is it is found that the specific capacity of Examples 1 to 6 sample is followed successively by 182.7Fg-1、266.3Fg-1、233.3Fg-1、264.3Fg-1、 337Fg-1、292Fg-1, the biomass porous carbon material compared to existing public reporting is significantly improved.Especially embodiment 5 The specific capacity of resulting materials is the 1.85 of embodiment 1,2,3,4,6,1.27,1.44,1.28,1.15 times respectively, and best performance can As ideal electrode material.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of preparation method of N doping biomass porous carbon, it is characterised in that: casted off a skin with Chinese parasol tree tree for raw material, through hydrogen-oxygen After changing potassium activation, the lower calcining of argon atmosphere protection, then through pickling, drying, i.e. acquisition N doping biomass porous carbon.
2. the preparation method of N doping biomass porous carbon according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including following step It is rapid:
1) Chinese parasol tree tree husking deionized water is cleaned by ultrasonic completely, is then dried, then be broken into powder with wall-breaking machine, obtain Chinese parasol tree Tree husking powder;
2) potassium hydroxide is mixed with Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder and is placed in beaker, appropriate amount of deionized water is then added, stirs 8-12h is mixed, then is dried;
3) product obtained in step 2) is pulverized, is then placed in tube furnace, calcined under argon atmosphere protection, It is down to room temperature after calcining, takes out;
4) product for obtaining step 3), which is placed in hydrochloric acid solution, stirs 8-12h, is then centrifuged for separating, and gained precipitating uses deionization Water eccentric cleaning is to neutrality, then dries, i.e. acquisition N doping biomass porous carbon.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step 2), potassium hydroxide, Chinese parasol tree tree husking powder Last, deionized water amount ratio is 2~4g:10g:50mL.
4. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step 3), calcination temperature is 800 DEG C, heating speed Rate is 5-10 DEG C of min-1
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step 3), the calcining is first with 5 DEG C of min-1 Heating rate be warming up to 400 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then again with 10 DEG C of min-1Heating rate be warming up to 800 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h.
6. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step 4), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol/L, the revolving speed of centrifuge separation is 3500rpm, centrifugation time 5min.
7. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the drying in step 1), step 2) and step 4) is all It is to be dried in 80 DEG C of baking oven.
8. the N doping biomass porous carbon obtained of preparation method described in a kind of any one of claim 1~7.
CN201910692104.6A 2019-07-26 2019-07-26 A kind of N doping biomass porous carbon and preparation method thereof Pending CN110255561A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190920