CN110254233B - Power battery protection device, electric defrosting control system and vehicle - Google Patents
Power battery protection device, electric defrosting control system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110254233B CN110254233B CN201810200269.2A CN201810200269A CN110254233B CN 110254233 B CN110254233 B CN 110254233B CN 201810200269 A CN201810200269 A CN 201810200269A CN 110254233 B CN110254233 B CN 110254233B
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- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
- B60S1/026—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means using electrical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/54—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices using gas, e.g. hot air
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a power battery protection device, an electric defrosting control system and a vehicle. The vehicle comprises a power battery and an electric defrosting control system, wherein the control system comprises a defroster, a high-voltage power supply loop, a low-voltage control loop, a control module and a temperature sensor, the defroster comprises an electric heating branch and a temperature control switch, the high-voltage power supply loop is connected between the anode and the cathode of the power battery, a first control switch and the electric heating branch are arranged on the high-voltage power supply loop, the low-voltage control loop is connected with the first control switch through the temperature control switch and a second control switch, the control module is connected with the temperature sensor and the second control switch, when the temperature of the electric heating branch exceeds a set threshold value, the control module controls the second control switch to disconnect the low-voltage control branch, and the problem that the high-voltage circuit is always in a conducting state to cause energy waste and battery damage due to the fact that the high-voltage circuit is damaged due to repeated opening and closing of the control switch when the system is in failure is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a power battery protection device, an electric defrosting control system and a vehicle.
Background
The power battery is used as the only energy source of the pure electric bus, the performance of the power battery is directly related to the cruising ability and the safety of the pure electric bus, and meanwhile, the power battery accounts for the expensive cost which is one third of the manufacturing cost of the whole electric bus, so the power battery is very important to protect the power battery. In pure electric buses, electric defrosting and electric heating are high-voltage components which are indispensable to driving experience, and a power battery directly supplies energy for electric defrosting and electric heating through a high-voltage line. In order to avoid irreversible damage of the battery caused by overdischarge, it is important that the contactor and the fuse in the high-voltage circuit are disconnected timely.
Most of temperature control switches in the existing defroster are normally closed type temperature switches capable of being recovered, as shown in fig. 1, the defroster comprises a high-voltage power supply loop and a low-voltage control loop, the high-voltage power supply loop is provided with a control switch to control power supply to an electric heating branch circuit which is arranged on the high-voltage power supply loop in series, the low-voltage control loop is in control connection with the first control switch, the low-voltage control loop is provided with a temperature control switch, the temperature control switch is a normally closed type temperature switch capable of being recovered, when the temperature is too high, the temperature control switch is disconnected, after the temperature of the defroster is reduced, the temperature control switch can be automatically closed to realize the conduction of a direct-current low-voltage circuit, the closing of a contactor and the conduction of the direct-current high-voltage circuit are caused, the power supply to a heating body is carried out, the direct-current high-voltage circuit still can cause the overheating of the heating body and the disconnection of the temperature control switch under the condition that the system fault is not solved, repeated recovery and disconnection is easy to cause the contactor to be damaged after the large-current load is disconnected for many times.
The simplest way of solving the above-mentioned problem is to change the normally closed type temperature switch capable of self-recovery into the normally closed type temperature switch incapable of self-recovery, there is a high-voltage electric heating defroster disclosed in patent publication No. CN202574142U, through switching on the normally closed type temperature control switch incapable of self-recovery in the direct-current low-voltage circuit, when the system fails, the temperature of the heating body is higher than the set value, the direct-current low-voltage circuit is controlled to be disconnected, thereby controlling the direct-current contactor to disconnect, and the power supply to the heating body is stopped, so that the problem caused by the normally closed type temperature switch capable of self-recovery is solved, but the normally closed type temperature switch capable of self-recovery is not changed into the temperature switch capable of self-recovery due to the limitation of defroster manufacturer, therefore, the phenomenon of repeatedly closing and disconnecting still occurs in the use, the contactor is caused, the whole direct-current high-voltage circuit is in the on state, the power is easily caused to be over-discharged, the energy is wasted, and when the power supply device is a battery, the excessive discharging can cause the unavoidable damage to the battery, and great loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power battery protection device, an electric defrosting control system and a vehicle, which are used for solving the problems of energy waste and battery damage caused by damage adhesion due to repeated opening and closing of a control switch when a system is in a fault, and the high-voltage circuit is always in a conducting state.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method comprising:
The utility model provides a power battery protection device, includes high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit and temperature sensor, be provided with first control switch on the high-voltage power supply circuit to control power battery to the series arrangement is in electric heating branch road power supply on the high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit control is connected first control switch, be used for setting up temperature control switch on the low pressure control circuit, temperature sensor is used for detecting electric heating branch road temperature, the device still includes control module, the cluster is equipped with second control switch on the low pressure control circuit, control module's output is connected to the input of second control switch, control module's input is connected temperature sensor works as when electric heating branch road temperature surpasses the settlement threshold value, control module control second control switch disconnection low pressure control circuit. The high-voltage power supply circuit is in a conducting state for a long time, the damage of the power battery caused by over-discharge is avoided, and the problems of energy waste and battery damage caused by the fact that the high-voltage circuit is always in the conducting state due to the damage caused by the damage and adhesion caused by the repeated opening and closing of the control switch when a system is in failure are solved.
As an improvement of the power battery protection device provided by the invention, the low-voltage control loop is also provided with the rocker switch so as to control the on-off of the low-voltage control loop, thereby facilitating the opening control of the protection device.
As a further improvement of the power battery protection device, the high-voltage power supply circuit is further provided with the fuse, so that the high-voltage power supply circuit is ensured to be disconnected under the abnormal current condition, and the damage of a circuit and a battery is prevented.
As a further improvement of the power battery protection device provided by the invention, the first control switch is a first contactor, and the second control switch is a second contactor.
The utility model provides an electric defrosting control system, includes defroster, high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit and temperature sensor, the defroster includes electric heating branch road and temperature control switch, be provided with first control switch on the high-voltage power supply circuit with electric heating branch road, low pressure control circuit control connection first control switch with temperature control switch, temperature sensor is used for detecting electric heating branch road temperature, control system still includes control module, the last cluster of low pressure control circuit is equipped with second control switch, the input of second control switch is connected control module's output, control module's input is connected temperature sensor works as when electric heating branch road temperature surpasses the settlement threshold value, control module control second control switch disconnection low pressure control circuit.
As an improvement of the electric defrosting control system provided by the invention, the low-voltage control loop is also provided with a rocker switch so as to control the on-off of the low-voltage control loop.
As a further improvement of the electric defrosting control system provided by the invention, a fuse is further arranged on the high-voltage power supply circuit.
As a further improvement of the electric defrosting control system provided by the invention, the first control switch is a first contactor, and the second control switch is a second contactor.
As a further improvement of the electric defrosting control system provided by the invention, the control module is a whole vehicle controller.
The utility model provides a vehicle, includes power battery and electric defrosting control system, control system includes defroster, high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit and temperature sensor, the defroster includes electric heating branch road and temperature control switch, be connected with between the positive negative pole of power battery the high-voltage power supply circuit, be provided with first control switch on the high-voltage power supply circuit with electric heating branch road, low pressure control circuit control connection first control switch with temperature control switch, temperature sensor is used for detecting electric heating branch road temperature, control system still includes control module, the cluster is equipped with second control switch on the low pressure control circuit, second control switch's input is connected control module's output, control module's input is connected temperature sensor, when electric heating branch road temperature surpasses the settlement threshold value, control module control second control switch disconnection low pressure control circuit.
As an improvement of the vehicle, the low-voltage control loop is further provided with a rocker switch so as to control the on-off of the low-voltage control loop.
As a further improvement of the vehicle provided by the invention, a fuse is further arranged on the high-voltage power supply circuit.
As a further improvement of the vehicle provided by the invention, the first control switch is a first contactor, and the second control switch is a second contactor.
As a further improvement of the vehicle provided by the invention, the control module is a whole vehicle controller.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical control schematic of a prior art defroster;
fig. 2 is an electrical control schematic diagram of an electrical defrost control system.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a vehicle, which comprises a power battery and an electric defrosting control system, wherein the electric defrosting control system comprises a defroster 1, a high-voltage power supply loop and a low-voltage control loop, the high-voltage power supply loop is connected between the anode and the cathode of the power battery, and a first control switch and an electric heating branch circuit in the defroster 1, which is formed by a series resistor R, are arranged on the high-voltage power supply loop; the defroster 1 also comprises a temperature control switch D, wherein the temperature control switch D is a normally closed self-recovery temperature switch; the temperature control switch D is arranged on a low-voltage control loop, a second control switch and a rocker switch LS1A are further arranged on the low-voltage control loop, one end of the low-voltage control loop is connected with 24V voltage, and the other end of the low-voltage control loop is grounded through a control end of the first control switch.
The control system is further provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the electric heating branch, and as shown in fig. 2, a temperature sensor I is provided inside the defroster 1, and the temperature sensor I may be a part of the defroster 1 or may be provided independently of the defroster 1.
In addition to the above, the first control switch is preferably a first contactor K1, and the second control switch is preferably a second contactor K2. Meanwhile, a fuse F can be further arranged on the high-voltage power supply circuit so as to improve the protection of the high-voltage circuit.
The control system also comprises a control module, and the control module is preferably a complete vehicle VCU. The temperature sensor I can detect signals through an instrument and is communicated with the whole vehicle VCU, and can also be directly connected with the temperature sensor I through direct sampling of the whole vehicle VCU, and the output end of the whole vehicle VCU is connected with the control end of the second contactor K2.
If the temperature sensor is connected with the whole vehicle VCU through the instrument, when the temperature sensor I detects that the temperature of the electric heating branch exceeds the set threshold value, the temperature sensor T transmits an over-temperature signal to the instrument, the instrument transmits the over-temperature signal to the whole vehicle VCU in a message form, the whole vehicle VCU sends out a control signal to control the second contactor K2 to disconnect a low-voltage control loop, the power battery stops providing power for the defroster, and the electric defrosting stops working. The instrument is also connected with a buzzer, and gives an alarm when the temperature is too high to prompt a driver.
The position of the second contactor K2 is not limited to that shown in fig. 2, and may be connected in series at any position between the first contactor K1 and the low-voltage control circuit power supply terminal.
The control system stops the battery power supply when the heating branch in the defroster 1 works abnormally, and prevents the battery from being over discharged, so that the control system is a device for effectively protecting the power battery.
The electric heating branch circuit is not only arranged in the defroster 1, but also arranged in the heater of the vehicle, so that the circuit connection mode in the control system is also suitable for controlling the heater, and the damage caused by the over-discharge of a battery due to the power supply failure of the battery box heater is prevented.
The above gives a specific embodiment to which the present invention relates, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiment. Under the thought of the invention, the technical means in the embodiment are changed, replaced and modified in a manner which is easily thought to a person skilled in the art, and the technical means have basically the same functions as the corresponding technical means in the invention, and the aim of the invention is also basically the same, so that the technical scheme is formed by fine tuning the embodiment, and the technical scheme still falls within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a power battery protection device, includes high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit and temperature sensor, be provided with first control switch on the high-voltage power supply circuit to control power battery to the electric heating branch road power supply that the series arrangement is in on the high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit control is connected first control switch, be used for setting up temperature control switch on the low pressure control circuit, temperature sensor is used for detecting electric heating branch road temperature, a serial communication port, the device still includes control module, the cluster is equipped with the second control switch on the low pressure control circuit, the input of second control switch is connected control module's output, control module's input is connected temperature sensor works as electric heating branch road temperature surpasses when setting for the threshold value, control module control second control switch disconnection low pressure control circuit.
2. The power battery protection device according to claim 1, wherein a rocker switch is further provided on the low-voltage control circuit to control on-off of the low-voltage control circuit.
3. The power battery protection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a fuse is further provided on the high-voltage power supply circuit.
4. The power battery protection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first control switch is a first contactor and the second control switch is a second contactor.
5. The utility model provides an electric defrosting control system, includes defroster, high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit and temperature sensor, the defroster includes electric heating branch road and temperature control switch, be provided with first control switch on the high-voltage power supply circuit with electric heating branch road, low pressure control circuit control connection first control switch with temperature control switch, temperature sensor is used for detecting electric heating branch road temperature, a serial communication port, control system still includes control module, the cluster is equipped with second control switch on the low pressure control circuit, control module's output is connected to the input of second control switch, control module's input is connected temperature sensor works as when electric heating branch road temperature surpasses the settlement threshold value, control module control second control switch disconnection low pressure control circuit.
6. The electric defrost control system of claim 5, wherein a rocker switch is further provided on the low voltage control circuit to control the on-off of the low voltage control circuit.
7. An electric defrost control system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a fuse is further provided on the high voltage power supply circuit.
8. An electric defrost control system according to claim 5 or 6 wherein the first control switch is a first contactor and the second control switch is a second contactor.
9. The electrical defrost control system of claim 5, wherein the control module is a vehicle control.
10. The utility model provides a vehicle, includes power battery and electric defrosting control system, control system includes defroster, high-voltage power supply circuit, low pressure control circuit and temperature sensor, the defroster includes electric heating branch road and temperature control switch, be connected with between the positive negative pole of power battery the high-voltage power supply circuit, be provided with first control switch on the high-voltage power supply circuit with electric heating branch road, low pressure control circuit control connection first control switch with temperature control switch, temperature sensor is used for detecting electric heating branch road temperature, a serial communication port, control system still includes control module, the last second control switch that is equipped with of low pressure control circuit, the input of second control switch is connected control module's output, control module's input is connected temperature sensor, when electric heating branch road temperature surpasses the settlement threshold value, control module control second control switch disconnection low pressure control circuit.
11. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein a rocker switch is further provided on the low-voltage control circuit to control on-off of the low-voltage control circuit.
12. A vehicle according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a fuse is also provided on the high-voltage supply circuit.
13. The vehicle of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the first control switch is a first contactor and the second control switch is a second contactor.
14. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the control module is a vehicle control unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810200269.2A CN110254233B (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2018-03-12 | Power battery protection device, electric defrosting control system and vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810200269.2A CN110254233B (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2018-03-12 | Power battery protection device, electric defrosting control system and vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110254233A CN110254233A (en) | 2019-09-20 |
| CN110254233B true CN110254233B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810200269.2A Active CN110254233B (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2018-03-12 | Power battery protection device, electric defrosting control system and vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110254233B (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5991509A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-11-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Temperature adjusting system adapted for use in an electric vehicle and the like |
| US6163013A (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 2000-12-19 | Navistar International Transportation Corp | Continuous duty direct current heated windshield with ambient temperature limit switch |
| CN102529641A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-07-04 | 中国第一汽车集团公司新能源汽车分公司 | Automobile warm air control method and automobile warm air control device |
| CN202574142U (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-12-05 | 桂林客车工业集团有限公司 | High-voltage electrothermal defroster |
| CN103507642A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2014-01-15 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Electric defrosting energy-saving control system, electric defrosting energy-saving control method and electric automobile using the system |
| CN105711375A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-29 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Dedicated electric vehicle and energy-saving temperature adjustment system and method thereof |
| CN106427475A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-02-22 | 郑州比克新能源汽车有限公司 | Device and method for double protection of PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater of electric vehicle |
| CN106926663A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-07-07 | 珠海禾创科技有限公司 | Pure electric coach warm-air drier |
| CN206568900U (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-10-20 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent battery from crossing the device put |
| CN206734261U (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-12-12 | 珠海禾创科技有限公司 | The energy-saving high-tension electricity frost removal of pure electric coach |
| CN208198113U (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-12-07 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Power battery protection device, electricity defrosting control system and vehicle |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003213017A1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-09-04 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Systems and methods for modifying an ice-to-object interface |
| JP6229539B2 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2017-11-15 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Vehicle battery control device |
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2018
- 2018-03-12 CN CN201810200269.2A patent/CN110254233B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6163013A (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 2000-12-19 | Navistar International Transportation Corp | Continuous duty direct current heated windshield with ambient temperature limit switch |
| US5991509A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-11-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Temperature adjusting system adapted for use in an electric vehicle and the like |
| CN102529641A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-07-04 | 中国第一汽车集团公司新能源汽车分公司 | Automobile warm air control method and automobile warm air control device |
| CN202574142U (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-12-05 | 桂林客车工业集团有限公司 | High-voltage electrothermal defroster |
| CN103507642A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2014-01-15 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Electric defrosting energy-saving control system, electric defrosting energy-saving control method and electric automobile using the system |
| CN105711375A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-29 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Dedicated electric vehicle and energy-saving temperature adjustment system and method thereof |
| CN106427475A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-02-22 | 郑州比克新能源汽车有限公司 | Device and method for double protection of PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater of electric vehicle |
| CN206568900U (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-10-20 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent battery from crossing the device put |
| CN106926663A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-07-07 | 珠海禾创科技有限公司 | Pure electric coach warm-air drier |
| CN206734261U (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-12-12 | 珠海禾创科技有限公司 | The energy-saving high-tension electricity frost removal of pure electric coach |
| CN208198113U (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-12-07 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Power battery protection device, electricity defrosting control system and vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110254233A (en) | 2019-09-20 |
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| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Country or region after: China Address after: No. 6, Yutong Road, Guancheng Hui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450061 Applicant after: Yutong Bus Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450016 Yutong Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Applicant before: ZHENGZHOU YUTONG BUS Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |
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