CN110252065A - A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace - Google Patents

A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110252065A
CN110252065A CN201910552336.1A CN201910552336A CN110252065A CN 110252065 A CN110252065 A CN 110252065A CN 201910552336 A CN201910552336 A CN 201910552336A CN 110252065 A CN110252065 A CN 110252065A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
process tank
furnace body
gas
environment
friendly type
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910552336.1A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
汪平
晏利华
王金林
姚玉金
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAANSHAN ZHONGTIAN MACHINERY INSTALLED Ltd
Original Assignee
MAANSHAN ZHONGTIAN MACHINERY INSTALLED Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAANSHAN ZHONGTIAN MACHINERY INSTALLED Ltd filed Critical MAANSHAN ZHONGTIAN MACHINERY INSTALLED Ltd
Priority to CN201910552336.1A priority Critical patent/CN110252065A/en
Publication of CN110252065A publication Critical patent/CN110252065A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D50/00Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/60Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D46/00 and B01D47/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/025Other waste gases from metallurgy plants

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnaces, including furnace body and process tank, furnace body is fixedly mounted on the support frame of bottom, furnace body upper end is equipped with bell, feed inlet is provided on bell, insulating layer is arranged in inboard wall of furnace body, process tank is arranged in furnace body side, process tank is fixed on under(-)chassis, process tank is equipped with inlet exhaust gas, furnace body side is equipped with tail gas and arranges mouth, flange is mounted at tail gas row's mouth and inlet exhaust gas, connecting pipe is installed between two flanges, vent gas treatment component is equipped with inside process tank, structure of the invention principle is simple, it can be realized and the tail gas generated after metallurgy is filtered, absorption, purified treatment, improve vent gas treatment efficiency, improve metallurgical environmental protection performance, convenient for promoting.

Description

A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical furnace technical field, specially a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace.
Background technique
Metallurgy is exactly that metal or metallic compound are extracted from mineral, and metal, which is made, with various processing methods has centainly The process and technique of the metal material of performance, metallurgical technology mainly include pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy, metallurgy The impurity in metallic solution is exactly subjected to slag making by melting (being heated on fusing point), removes the gred to give and eliminate, while is certain Chemical component obtains the process of opposite pure alloying component by slagging-off, decarburization and deoxidation, for example ore processing smelts (black Metal, non-ferrous metal) blank thick refining, the reprocessing steel mill of blank, iron-smelter, non-ferrous metal purification.
The tail gas generated in existing metallurgical furnace smelting process is discharged after only carrying out simply filtering, environmental-protecting performance Difference, therefore, it is necessary to improve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnaces, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace, including furnace body and processing Tank, the furnace body are fixedly mounted on the support frame of bottom, and the furnace body upper end is equipped with bell, are provided with feed inlet on the bell, Insulating layer is arranged in the inboard wall of furnace body, and the process tank is arranged in furnace body side, and the process tank is fixed on under(-)chassis, institute Process tank side is stated equipped with inlet exhaust gas, the furnace body side is equipped with tail gas and arranges mouth, and the tail gas is arranged equal at mouth and inlet exhaust gas Flange is installed, connecting pipe is installed between two flanges, is equipped with vent gas treatment component, the processing inside the process tank The tank other side is equipped with discharge outlet, and the discharge outlet connects discharge tube.
Preferably, the vent gas treatment component includes primary filtration network, spraying mechanism and purification mechanism, the primary filter Net is mounted on the inside of inlet exhaust gas, and the spraying mechanism includes spray tube, spray head and inorganic agent storage tank, and the spray tube is mounted on Process tank inner cavity top, the spray head are uniformly mounted below spray tube, and the spray head uses atomizer, the inorganic agent storage Case is mounted on processing tank wall, and the inorganic agent storage tank connects spray tube, and the purification mechanism setting discharge outlet inside is described net Changing mechanism includes single-layer ceramic porous filter plate, the first microwave generator, the second microwave generator, ozone generator, described smelly Oxygen Generator is arranged between the first microwave generator and the second microwave generator;The single-layer ceramic porous filter plate setting exists Second microwave generator side.
Preferably, the primary filtration network includes outer frame body, and nonwoven layer, active carbon are successively installed on the inside of the outer frame body The flat shredded dried bean curd layer of fibrous layer, polyester, HEPA filter layer.
Preferably, the bottom of furnace body is provided with slag-drip opening, is equipped with waste residue recycling bins on the bottom support frame, and described Waste residue recycling bins are arranged immediately below slag-drip opening.
Preferably, the processing pot bottom is also provided with discard solution discharge port, and devil liquor recovery case is equipped on the under(-)chassis, The discard solution discharge port connects devil liquor recovery case by pipeline.
Preferably, application method the following steps are included:
A, raw material are put into high-temperature furnace body first by feed inlet and carries out pyrolytic semlting;
B, the waste residue generated after smelting is discharged by lower section waste sludge discharge mouth, and the exhaust gas generated in smelting process is discharged by pipeline In process tank;
C, the primary filtration network in process tank carries out primary filtration to tail gas, and removal large granular impurity removes peculiar smell, primary filtration Tail gas afterwards carries out settlement treatment by the atomized liquid that spray head sprays, while in the pernicious gas in exhaust gas and inorganic agent progress And reaction;
D, gas enters in purification mechanism the fine foreign matter particle for adsorbing micron-scale later, and decomposes residual harmful gas And it converts;
E, finally, purified gas is expelled to outside by delivery pipe.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) structure of the invention principle is simple, can be realized the tail gas generated after metallurgy is filtered, is adsorbed, purified treatment, mention High vent gas treatment efficiency, improves metallurgical environmental protection performance, convenient for promoting.
(2) exhaust gas processing device that the present invention uses can be realized the primary filtration to tail gas, carry out neutralization reaction later And settle, carry out absorption fine particle later and convert residual harmful gas, thorough purified treatment, enhancing can be carried out to tail gas Environmental-protecting performance.
(3) primary filtration network that the present invention uses has the function of absorption, taste removal, purification, and it is subsequent to have can be improved tail gas Treatment effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention;
Fig. 2 is primary filtration network cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside" " front end ", " after The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as end ", " both ends ", " one end ", " other end " is orientation based on the figure or position Relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have There is specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " the One ", " second " is used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being provided with ", " connection " etc., shall be understood in a broad sense, such as " connection ", may be a fixed connection, may be a detachable connection, Or it is integrally connected;It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected;It can be directly connected, intermediary can also be passed through It is indirectly connected, can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, it can be managed with concrete condition Solve the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution referring to FIG. 1-2: a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace, including furnace body 1 and process tank 6, the furnace body 1 is fixedly mounted on bottom support frame 2, and 1 upper end of furnace body is equipped with bell 3, is provided with charging on the bell 3 Insulating layer 5 is arranged in mouth 4,1 inner wall of furnace body, and the process tank 6 is arranged in 1 side of furnace body, and the process tank 6 is fixed on bottom On frame 7,6 side of process tank is equipped with inlet exhaust gas, and 1 side of furnace body is equipped with tail gas and arranges mouth, tail gas row's mouth and It is mounted on flange 8 at inlet exhaust gas, connecting pipe 9 is installed between two flanges 8, is equipped with tail gas inside the process tank 6 Processing component, 6 other side of process tank are equipped with discharge outlet 10, and the discharge outlet 10 connects discharge tube 11;Wherein, furnace body 1 Bottom is provided with slag-drip opening 25, waste residue recycling bins 26 is equipped on the bottom support frame 2, and the waste residue recycling bins 26 setting exists Immediately below slag-drip opening 25;6 bottom of process tank is also provided with discard solution discharge port 27, is equipped with devil liquor recovery case on the under(-)chassis 7 28, the discard solution discharge port 27 connects devil liquor recovery case 28 by pipeline 29.
In the present invention, vent gas treatment component includes primary filtration network 12, spraying mechanism and purification mechanism, the primary filter Net 12 is mounted on the inside of inlet exhaust gas, and the spraying mechanism includes spray tube 13, spray head 14 and inorganic agent storage tank 15, the spray Pipe 13 is mounted on 6 inner cavity top of process tank, and the spray head 14 is uniformly mounted on 13 lower section of spray tube, and the spray head 14 is using atomization Spray head, the inorganic agent storage tank 15 are mounted on 6 outer wall of process tank, and the inorganic agent storage tank 15 connects spray tube 13, the purification Mechanism is arranged the inside of discharge outlet 10, and the purification mechanism includes single-layer ceramic porous filter plate 16, the first microwave generator 17, the Two microwave generators 18, ozone generator 19, the ozone generator 19 are arranged in the first microwave generator 17 and the second microwave Between generator 18;The ozone gas that ozone generator generates can be utilized directly, and the single-layer ceramic porous filter plate 16 is set It sets in 18 side of the second microwave generator.The exhaust gas processing device that the present invention uses can be realized the primary filtration to tail gas, it Neutralization reaction is carried out afterwards and settles, carry out absorption fine particle later and converts residual harmful gas, tail gas can be carried out thorough Bottom purified treatment, enhances environmental-protecting performance.
In the present invention, primary filtration network 12 includes outer frame body 20,20 inside of the outer frame body successively install nonwoven layer 21, The flat shredded dried bean curd layer 23 of activated carbon fiber layers 22, polyester, HEPA filter layer 24.The primary filtration network that the present invention uses has absorption, removes Taste, purification function, can be improved tail gas subsequent processing effect.
Working principle: application method of the invention the following steps are included:
A, raw material are put into high-temperature furnace body first by feed inlet and carries out pyrolytic semlting;
B, the waste residue generated after smelting is discharged by lower section waste sludge discharge mouth, and the exhaust gas generated in smelting process is discharged by pipeline In process tank;
C, the primary filtration network in process tank carries out primary filtration to tail gas, and removal large granular impurity removes peculiar smell, primary filtration Tail gas afterwards carries out settlement treatment by the atomized liquid that spray head sprays, while in the pernicious gas in exhaust gas and inorganic agent progress And reaction;
D, gas enters in purification mechanism the fine foreign matter particle for adsorbing micron-scale later, and decomposes residual harmful gas And it converts;
E, finally, purified gas is expelled to outside by delivery pipe.
In conclusion structure of the invention principle is simple, can be realized the tail gas generated after metallurgy is filtered, is adsorbed, Purified treatment improves vent gas treatment efficiency, improves metallurgical environmental protection performance, convenient for promoting.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace, including furnace body (1) and process tank (6), it is characterised in that: the furnace body (1) is fixedly mounted On bottom support frame (2), furnace body (1) upper end is equipped with bell (3), is provided with feed inlet (4) on the bell (3), described Insulating layer (5) are arranged in furnace body (1) inner wall, and the process tank (6) is arranged in furnace body (1) side, and the process tank (6) is fixed on bottom On portion's frame (7), process tank (6) side is equipped with inlet exhaust gas, and furnace body (1) side is equipped with tail gas and arranges mouth, the tail It is mounted on flange (8) at gas row's mouth and inlet exhaust gas, connecting pipe (9), the process tank is installed between two flanges (8) (6) internal to be equipped with vent gas treatment component, process tank (6) other side is equipped with discharge outlet (10), discharge outlet (10) connection Discharge tube (11).
2. a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vent gas treatment component includes primary Filter screen (12), spraying mechanism and purification mechanism, the primary filtration network (12) are mounted on the inside of inlet exhaust gas, the spray thrower Structure includes spray tube (13), spray head (14) and inorganic agent storage tank (15), and the spray tube (13) is mounted on process tank (6) inner cavity top Portion, the spray head (14) are uniformly mounted below spray tube (13), and the spray head (14) uses atomizer, the inorganic agent storage Case (15) is mounted on process tank (6) outer wall, and the inorganic agent storage tank (15) connects spray tube (13), the purification mechanism setting row It puts on the inside of mouth (10), the purification mechanism includes single-layer ceramic porous filter plate (16), the first microwave generator (17), second micro- Wave producer (18), ozone generator (19), the ozone generator (19) are arranged in the first microwave generator (17) and second Between microwave generator (18);The single-layer ceramic porous filter plate (16) is arranged in the second microwave generator (18) side.
3. a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the primary filtration network (12) includes outer Nonwoven layer (21), activated carbon fiber layers (22), the flat shredded dried bean curd layer of polyester are successively installed in framework (20), outer frame body (20) inside (23), HEPA filter layer (24).
4. a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: furnace body (1) bottom is provided with deslagging Mouthful (25) are equipped with waste residue recycling bins (26) on the bottom support frame (2), and the waste residue recycling bins (26) are arranged in deslagging Immediately below mouth (25).
5. a kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: process tank (6) bottom is also provided with Discard solution discharge port (27) is equipped with devil liquor recovery case (28) on the under(-)chassis (7), and the discard solution discharge port (27) passes through pipe Road (29) connects devil liquor recovery case (28).
6. realizing a kind of application method of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: its application method includes Following steps:
A, raw material are put into high-temperature furnace body first by feed inlet and carries out pyrolytic semlting;
B, the waste residue generated after smelting is discharged by lower section waste sludge discharge mouth, and the exhaust gas generated in smelting process is discharged by pipeline In process tank;
C, the primary filtration network in process tank carries out primary filtration to tail gas, and removal large granular impurity removes peculiar smell, primary filtration Tail gas afterwards carries out settlement treatment by the atomized liquid that spray head sprays, while in the pernicious gas in exhaust gas and inorganic agent progress And reaction;
D, gas enters in purification mechanism the fine foreign matter particle for adsorbing micron-scale later, and decomposes residual harmful gas And it converts;
E, finally, purified gas is expelled to outside by delivery pipe.
CN201910552336.1A 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace Pending CN110252065A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910552336.1A CN110252065A (en) 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910552336.1A CN110252065A (en) 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110252065A true CN110252065A (en) 2019-09-20

Family

ID=67921154

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910552336.1A Pending CN110252065A (en) 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110252065A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110500884A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-11-26 江苏欧美克自动化设备有限公司 A kind of metallurgical equipment
CN112275074A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-29 广东省特种设备检测研究院 Energy-saving treatment device and system for exhaust gas of gas-fired boiler
CN112316700A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-05 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Electric arc wind tunnel ablation tail gas treatment device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104436914A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-03-25 王雪峤 Air purification process and air purifier
CN106975310A (en) * 2017-05-09 2017-07-25 马鞍山市润启新材料科技有限公司 A kind of high efficiency waste gas filter
CN206715518U (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-12-08 武夷学院 Air-conditioning filter net
CN108592628A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-09-28 浙江格扬热工装备科技有限公司 A kind of security enhancement metallurgical furnace

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104436914A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-03-25 王雪峤 Air purification process and air purifier
CN106975310A (en) * 2017-05-09 2017-07-25 马鞍山市润启新材料科技有限公司 A kind of high efficiency waste gas filter
CN206715518U (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-12-08 武夷学院 Air-conditioning filter net
CN108592628A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-09-28 浙江格扬热工装备科技有限公司 A kind of security enhancement metallurgical furnace

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110500884A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-11-26 江苏欧美克自动化设备有限公司 A kind of metallurgical equipment
CN112275074A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-29 广东省特种设备检测研究院 Energy-saving treatment device and system for exhaust gas of gas-fired boiler
CN112316700A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-05 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Electric arc wind tunnel ablation tail gas treatment device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110252065A (en) A kind of environment-friendly type metallurgical furnace
US9375667B2 (en) Apparatus and method for treating exhaust gas
CN105821214B (en) Reviver high-purity energy-conserving and environment-protective smelting process
CN101746765B (en) Method and device for separating and purifying silicon dioxide micropowder from electric furnace dust
CN104801531B (en) Plasma fusion cracking industrial sludge system and process technique thereof
CN105506306A (en) Device for recovering zinc by using zinc-contained dust of steel and iron works and recovery method thereof
WO2023060889A1 (en) Method for extracting fe, zn and pb from electric furnace dedusting ash and high value utilization of same
CN207108910U (en) Refuse pyrolysis cleaning system
CN113634083A (en) Combined type dust removal device and method for nickel-iron alloy smelting plant
CN109226712A (en) A kind of die casting machine clout waste material recovery device and treatment process
CN103007683A (en) System and method for purifying flue gas in cathode electrode roasting kiln and recycling and reusing solid waste
CN107164638A (en) The method of smelting and equipment of a kind of arsenic-containing material
CN110975497B (en) Method for eliminating white matter of blast furnace slag bottom filtering system
CN107162272B (en) A kind of method of lead refinery's sewage disposal
CN210874508U (en) Urban fly ash comprehensive treatment system
CN211562486U (en) Industrial waste gas purification treatment equipment
CN210159430U (en) Smelting furnace tail gas purification treatment equipment
CN209508361U (en) A kind of production of zinc calcine and smoke processing system
EP2539041B1 (en) Apparatus and method for treating exhaust gas containing zinc vapors
CN113731048A (en) Arsenic collecting system and method for dioxin-containing smelting flue gas
CN107541575B (en) A kind of blast furnace dedusting ash recyclable device and method
CN201296664Y (en) Apparatus for separating and purifying silica micro powder from electric furnace flue dust
CN209636293U (en) The process units of electric perrin process production crome metal
CN212028859U (en) Pipeline for kiln tail gas emission equipment
CN111004880B (en) White device of blast furnace grain slag system that disappears

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20190920

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication