CN110247040B - Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel - Google Patents
Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012645 aldehyde polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004174 sulfur cycle Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013354 porous framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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Abstract
A preparation method of a lithium-sulfur battery anode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel belongs to the technical field of lithium-sulfur batteries. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing resorcinol and ethanol, adding hexamethylenetetramine and furfural, carrying out gel reaction, drying at room temperature, drying at high temperature, and carbonizing at high temperature to obtain carbon aerogel; heating the carbon aerogel and a PEI aqueous solution in a water bath, stirring, centrifuging, and baking the lower-layer solid at high temperature in vacuum to obtain an amino-functionalized carbon aerogel material; mixing the lithium-sulfur battery anode material with sulfur powder, and keeping the temperature in an argon atmosphere to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery anode material. The invention fully utilizes the high specific surface area and excellent conductivity of the three-dimensional porous carbon aerogel material, improves the defect of poor sulfur conductivity and improves the rate capability of the lithium-sulfur battery. The surface of the carbon aerogel is modified, and a large number of amino active groups are introduced, so that long-chain lithium polysulfide generated in the charging and discharging process of the lithium-sulfur battery can be effectively adsorbed, the shuttle effect is inhibited, and the cycling stability of the battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium sulfur batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a lithium sulfur battery cathode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have been widely used as novel electrochemical energy storage devices in the field of portable electronic products such as mobile phones and notebook computers. However, the low energy density of lithium ion batteries limits their application in large-scale energy storage. Therefore, lithium-sulfur batteries with theoretical energy density as high as 2600Wh/kg are expected to replace lithium-ion batteries as the next most promising energy storage devices.
However, lithium sulfur batteries also present some difficulties during cycling. The lithium-sulfur battery cathode material sulfur has poor electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity, and is not beneficial to realizing high rate performance of the battery. The intermediate product lithium polysulfide generated in the sulfur cycle process of the anode is dissolved in the electrolyte and moves back and forth between the anode and the cathode to form a shuttle effect, so that the viscosity of the electrolyte is increased, and the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is reduced. In addition, the large volume expansion during the sulfur cycle of the positive electrode also causes problems of loss of active material, capacity fade, poor battery cycle stability, short life, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of shuttle effect of a lithium sulfur battery, and provides a preparation method of a lithium sulfur battery anode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of carbon aerogel: uniformly mixing resorcinol and ethanol, sequentially adding hexamethylenetetramine and furfural, stirring until the mixture is uniform, then placing the mixture in an oven for gel reaction, drying the prepared gel solid at room temperature for 1 day, and then drying the gel solid at the high temperature of 90-110 ℃ until the gel solid is completely dried; carbonizing the dried gel solid at high temperature in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon aerogel;
step two: preparing an amino functionalized carbon aerogel material: mixing the carbon aerogel prepared in the step one with 60 wt.% of PEI aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1-2: heating in water bath at a mass ratio of 400-600, stirring, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a lower-layer solid, and performing vacuum high-temperature baking on the lower-layer solid to obtain an amino functional carbon dioxide aerogel material;
step three: preparing a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material: and D, grinding and mixing the amino functional carbon dioxide aerogel material obtained in the step two and sulfur powder until the mixture is uniform, and placing the ground mixture into a steel kettle in an argon atmosphere for heat preservation for 15 hours to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the characteristics of high specific surface area and excellent conductivity of the three-dimensional porous carbon aerogel material are fully utilized, the defect of poor sulfur conductivity is overcome, and the rate capability of the lithium-sulfur battery is improved. Secondly, the surface of the carbon aerogel is modified, a large number of amino active groups are connected, long-chain lithium polysulfide generated in the charging and discharging process of the lithium-sulfur battery can be effectively adsorbed, the shuttle effect is inhibited, and the cycling stability of the battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material of amino-functionalized carbon aerogel;
FIG. 2 is a charge-discharge curve diagram of the lithium-sulfur battery anode material with amino-functionalized carbon aerogel.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the invention, through synthesizing carbon aerogel with amino function, the higher conductivity of the carbon material and the higher specific surface area of the carbon aerogel are comprehensively utilized, the conductivity of the positive electrode is improved, an active site is provided for the sulfur of the positive electrode material, and meanwhile, the lithium polysulfide formed in the circulating process is adsorbed by the chemical polarity of amino, so that the circulating performance of the lithium-sulfur battery is improved.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment describes a preparation method of a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of carbon aerogel: uniformly mixing resorcinol and ethanol, sequentially adding hexamethylenetetramine and furfural, stirring until the mixture is uniform, then placing the mixture in an oven for gel reaction, drying the prepared gel solid at room temperature for 1 day, and then drying the gel solid at the high temperature of 90-110 ℃ until the gel solid is completely dried; carbonizing the dried gel solid at high temperature in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon aerogel; wherein, the resorcinol is taken as a phenol source, the furfural is taken as an aldehyde source, the resorcinol and the furfural can generate a phenolic aldehyde polymerization reaction under the condition that hexamethylenetetramine is taken as a catalyst, and water is removed between molecules to form a chain structure; the ethanol is used as a solvent, so that the phenolic aldehyde polymerization reaction rate can be adjusted, and the use amount of the ethanol also determines the pore size of the finally obtained aerogel;
step two: preparing an amino functionalized carbon aerogel material: mixing the carbon aerogel prepared in the step one with 60 wt.% of PEI aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1-2: heating in water bath at a mass ratio of 400-600, stirring, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a lower-layer solid, and performing vacuum high-temperature baking on the lower-layer solid to obtain an amino functional carbon dioxide aerogel material; PEI molecules can be adsorbed on the surface of a porous framework of the carbon aerogel, and a large number of amino groups on the surface of the PEI molecules can effectively adsorb soluble polysulfide generated in the charging and discharging processes of the lithium sulfur battery, so that the shuttle effect of the polysulfide is inhibited, and a lithium sulfur battery system with stable circulation is obtained;
step three: preparing a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material: and D, grinding and mixing the amino functional carbon dioxide aerogel material obtained in the step two and sulfur powder until the mixture is uniform, putting the ground mixture into a steel kettle in an argon atmosphere for heat preservation for 15 hours, enabling sulfur to be in a molten state at the moment, and enabling the sulfur to flow in a carbon material so as to achieve the purpose of uniform distribution, thereby obtaining the high-performance lithium-sulfur battery cathode material.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the first step, the mass-to-volume ratio of the resorcinol to the ethanol solution is 0.5 to 1.5 g: 5-7 mL; the mass volume ratio of the hexamethylenetetramine to the furfural is 0.04-0.05 g: 1.0-2.0 mL; the mass ratio of the resorcinol to the hexamethylenetetramine is 0.5-1.5 g: 0.04-0.05 g.
The third concrete implementation mode: in the first step of the preparation method of the amino-functionalized carbon aerogel-based lithium-sulfur battery cathode material, the temperature of the oven is set to 70-80 ℃, and the gel reaction time is 7 days.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the first step, the temperature of high-temperature carbonization is 800-900 ℃ and the time is 3-4 hours.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: in the second step, the temperature of the water bath is 85-95 ℃ and the time is 8-10 hours.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in the second step of the preparation method of the amino-functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 6000r/min, and the time is 20 min.
The seventh embodiment: in the second step, the high-temperature baking is carried out at 60-80 ℃ for 15-30 hours.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in the third step, the mass ratio of the amino-functionalized carbon aerogel material to the sulfur powder is 1-2: 2 to 5.
The specific implementation method nine: in the third step, the temperature for heat preservation is 150-170 ℃.
Example 1:
1. weighing 1g of resorcinol, dissolving the resorcinol in 6.2mL of ethanol, stirring for 30min, adding 0.04g of hexamethylenetetramine, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a solution A;
2. then slowly dripping 1.5mL of furfural into the solution A, stirring and mixing for 30min, sealing the mixed solution, and putting the sealed mixed solution into a 70 ℃ oven for 7 days to perform gel reaction;
3. taking out the obtained gel solid from the oven, drying at room temperature for 1 day, and drying in the oven at 100 deg.C for 6 hr;
4. then putting the dried gel solid into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing for 3 hours at 900 ℃ to obtain carbon aerogel;
5. weighing 100mg of carbon aerogel, stirring with 50g of 60 wt% PEI aqueous solution, and heating in a water bath at the water bath heating temperature of 90 ℃ for 10 hours;
6. centrifugally separating the obtained suspension to obtain a lower-layer solid, and drying in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ overnight to finally obtain an amino-functionalized carbon aerogel material;
7. grinding and mixing the obtained amino-functional carbon aerogel material and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 1:3, wherein the grinding time is not less than half an hour;
8. and (3) putting the ground mixture into a steel kettle filled with argon, and preserving the heat for 15h at 155 ℃ to obtain the high-performance lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material. The preparation process of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material of amino functionalized carbon aerogel is schematically shown in figure 1. When the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material is used as a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material, the battery can provide 1100mAh/g capacity after 20 times of cycles at a current density of 100mA/g, and a charging and discharging curve chart is shown in figure 2.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material based on amino functionalized carbon aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of carbon aerogel: uniformly mixing resorcinol and ethanol, sequentially adding hexamethylenetetramine and furfural, stirring until the mixture is uniform, then placing the mixture in an oven for gel reaction, drying the prepared gel solid at room temperature for 1 day, and then drying the gel solid at the high temperature of 90-110 ℃ until the gel solid is completely dried; carbonizing the dried gel solid at high temperature in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon aerogel;
step two: preparing an amino functionalized carbon aerogel material: mixing the carbon aerogel prepared in the step one with 60 wt.% of PEI aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1-2: heating in water bath at a mass ratio of 400-600, stirring, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a lower-layer solid, and performing vacuum high-temperature baking on the lower-layer solid to obtain an amino functional carbon dioxide aerogel material;
step three: preparing a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material: and D, grinding and mixing the amino functional carbon dioxide aerogel material obtained in the step two and sulfur powder until the mixture is uniform, and placing the ground mixture into a steel kettle in an argon atmosphere for heat preservation for 15 hours to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material.
2. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the mass-to-volume ratio of the resorcinol to the ethanol solution is 0.5-1.5 g: 5-7 mL; the mass volume ratio of the hexamethylenetetramine to the furfural is 0.04-0.05 g: 1.0-2.0 mL; the mass ratio of the resorcinol to the hexamethylenetetramine is 0.5-1.5 g: 0.04-0.05 g.
3. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the temperature of the oven is set to be 70-80 ℃, and the gel reaction time is 7 d.
4. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization is 800-900 ℃, and the time is 3-4 h.
5. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the temperature of the water bath is 85-95 ℃, and the time is 8-10 h.
6. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 6000r/min, and the time is 20 min.
7. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the high-temperature baking is carried out at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 15-30 h.
8. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the mass ratio of the amino-functionalized carbon aerogel material to the sulfur powder is 1-2: 2 to 5.
9. The preparation method of the amino functionalized carbon aerogel-based positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery, according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the temperature for heat preservation is 150-170 ℃.
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