CN110245858A - A kind of micro-capacitance sensor reliability estimation method containing electric automobile charging station - Google Patents

A kind of micro-capacitance sensor reliability estimation method containing electric automobile charging station Download PDF

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CN110245858A
CN110245858A CN201910501490.6A CN201910501490A CN110245858A CN 110245858 A CN110245858 A CN 110245858A CN 201910501490 A CN201910501490 A CN 201910501490A CN 110245858 A CN110245858 A CN 110245858A
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范宏
陈龙超
袁宏道
郭翔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,包括以下步骤:1)根据微网内电动汽车运行特性,获取各时间点电动汽车动力电池的荷电状态;2)根据微电网内部功率互动策略,建立互动响应功率计算模型;3)根据网络开关的位置以及不同类型开关开断特性,对微电网进行区域划分;4)根据微电网孤岛运行时内部故障点所在区域的不同,采取不同的开关动作方式来进行故障隔离;5)采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟法对含电动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠性进行评估。与现有技术相比,本发明契合现阶段及未来电动汽车充电站接入电网的发展趋势、考虑全面、应用广泛。

The invention relates to a method for evaluating the reliability of a micro-grid with an electric vehicle charging station, comprising the following steps: 1) obtaining the state of charge of the power battery of the electric vehicle at each time point according to the operating characteristics of the electric vehicle in the micro-grid; 2) according to the micro-grid The internal power interaction strategy of the power grid establishes an interactive response power calculation model; 3) According to the position of the network switch and the breaking characteristics of different types of switches, the micro-grid is divided into regions; 4) According to the different areas of the internal fault points during the island operation of the micro-grid , using different switching actions to isolate faults; 5) Sequential Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the operational reliability of the microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations. Compared with the prior art, the present invention conforms to the current and future development trend of connecting electric vehicle charging stations to the power grid, has comprehensive considerations, and is widely used.

Description

一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法A Reliability Assessment Method for Microgrid Containing Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及配电网规划领域,尤其是涉及一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可 靠性评估方法。The invention relates to the field of distribution network planning, in particular to a method for evaluating the reliability of a micro-grid with electric vehicle charging stations.

背景技术Background technique

随着经济社会的快速发展,近几年电动汽车以电力代替石油作为其主要动力 能源,无碳排放、环境友好等特点,得到了大力的发展。电动汽车作为一种新型的 电力负荷,若大规模进行无序充电,必定给配电系统的安全稳定性、经济性带来巨 大的冲击。尤其在电网负荷高峰期进行充电,将造成电力负荷的峰上加峰,加大了 系统的供电负担及运行风险。With the rapid development of the economy and society, in recent years, electric vehicles have replaced petroleum with electricity as their main power source, and have been vigorously developed due to the characteristics of no carbon emissions and environmental friendliness. As a new type of electric load, electric vehicles will definitely have a huge impact on the safety, stability and economy of the power distribution system if they are charged out of order on a large scale. Especially charging during the peak load period of the grid will cause the peak of the power load to increase, which increases the power supply burden and operation risk of the system.

因此,需要对不同类型的电动汽车,以及不同车辆用户的用车习惯等方面进 行分析研究。通过不同类型电动汽车的充放电行为特性分析,建立电动汽车充电站 来电动汽车进行集中规划管理,使其充电负荷呈现出可控性。同时,随着电动汽车 与电网间功率互动技术的发展研究,电动汽车作为一种移动式储能接入配电网,通 过一定的功率互动响应策略,使其在电网负荷高峰期可以作为一种备用电源向电网 输送电能。Therefore, it is necessary to conduct analysis and research on different types of electric vehicles and the car habits of different vehicle users. Through the analysis of charging and discharging behavior characteristics of different types of electric vehicles, electric vehicle charging stations are established to carry out centralized planning and management of electric vehicles, so that the charging load is controllable. At the same time, with the development and research of power interaction technology between electric vehicles and the grid, electric vehicles are connected to the distribution network as a mobile energy storage. The backup power supply delivers electrical energy to the grid.

随着电动汽车大规模接入电网后,使电网结构与运行方式变得愈加复杂。现 在还没有用来评价包含电动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠性的评估方法。With the large-scale connection of electric vehicles to the power grid, the structure and operation of the power grid have become increasingly complex. There are currently no evaluation methods for evaluating the operational reliability of microgrids that include electric vehicle charging stations.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种含电动汽车 充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the reliability of a micro-grid with an electric vehicle charging station in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,包括以下步骤:A method for evaluating the reliability of a microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations, comprising the following steps:

1)根据微网内电动汽车运行特性,获取各时间点电动汽车动力电池的荷电状 态;1) Obtain the state of charge of the power battery of the electric vehicle at each time point according to the operating characteristics of the electric vehicle in the microgrid;

2)根据微电网内部功率互动策略,建立互动响应功率计算模型;2) According to the internal power interaction strategy of the microgrid, an interactive response power calculation model is established;

3)根据网络开关的位置以及不同类型开关开断特性,对微电网进行区域划分;3) According to the position of the network switch and the breaking characteristics of different types of switches, the microgrid is divided into regions;

4)根据微电网孤岛运行时内部故障点所在区域的不同,采取不同的开关动作 方式来进行故障隔离;4) Depending on the area where the internal fault point is located when the microgrid is operating in an isolated island, different switch action methods are used to isolate the fault;

5)在考虑微电网内部功率互动和故障隔离下采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟法对含电 动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠性进行评估。5) Considering the internal power interaction and fault isolation of the microgrid, the sequential Monte Carlo simulation method is used to evaluate the operational reliability of the microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations.

所述的步骤1)中,各时间点电动汽车动力电池的荷电状态满足以下约束:In the step 1), the state of charge of the electric vehicle power battery at each time point satisfies the following constraints:

其中,T0、T′0分别为班车和私家电动汽车早上的出发时间点,并且T0<T′0, T1和T2分别为接入和离开的时间点,T3为班车返回园区后停在充电站的时间点,T′3为私家电动汽车到家的时间点,SOCmin(T0/T′0)、SOCmin(T1)、SOCmin(T2)、SOCmin(T3/T′3) 分别为在T0或T′0、T1、T2、T3或T′3时间点电动车辆的荷电状态,S1为班车在N1、N3时段行驶路程,S2为私家电动汽车在n1、n3时段行驶路程,N1为早上电动班车从园 区出发,在固定站点接上员工后返回园区的时间段,N2为电动班车停在园区内充 电站的时间段,N3为下午班车送员工到固定站点并返回园区的时间段,N4为班车 停在园区充电站的时间段,n1为员工早上乘私家电动汽车从家到园区的时间段,n2为私家电动汽车停在园区内充电站的时间段,n3为员工乘私家电动汽车从园区到 家的时间段,n4为私家电动汽车停在员工家里时间,W为电动汽车的每公里耗电 量,Wed为电动汽车动力电池的额定电量,SOCsd·min为保证动力电池一定的使用寿命 而设定的最低荷电状态阀值。Among them, T 0 and T′ 0 are the departure time points of the shuttle bus and private electric cars in the morning respectively, and T 0 <T′ 0 , T 1 and T 2 are the time points of entering and leaving respectively, and T 3 is the time point of the shuttle bus returning to the park The time point when the private electric car stops at the charging station, T′ 3 is the time point when the private electric car arrives home, SOC min (T 0 /T′ 0 ), SOC min (T 1 ), SOC min (T 2 ), SOC min (T 3 /T′ 3 ) are the state of charge of the electric vehicle at T 0 or T′ 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 or T′ 3 respectively, and S 1 is the travel distance of the shuttle bus at N 1 and N 3 , S 2 is the driving distance of private electric cars in time periods n 1 and n 3 , N 1 is the time period when the electric shuttle bus departs from the park in the morning and returns to the park after picking up employees at a fixed station, N 2 is the time when the electric shuttle bus parks in the park for charging N3 is the time period for the afternoon shuttle bus to send employees to the fixed station and return to the park, N4 is the time period for the shuttle bus to stop at the charging station in the park, and n1 is the time for employees to take their private electric vehicles from home to the park in the morning , n 2 is the time period when the private electric car is parked at the charging station in the park, n 3 is the time period when the employee takes the private electric car from the park to home, n 4 is the time when the private electric car is parked at the employee’s home, W is the time period of the electric car Power consumption per kilometer, W ed is the rated power of the electric vehicle power battery, and SOC sd·min is the minimum state of charge threshold set to ensure a certain service life of the power battery.

所述的步骤2)具体包括以下步骤:Described step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:

21)确定微电网的运行时段,包括N1、N2、N3和N4时段;21) Determine the operating period of the microgrid, including N 1 , N 2 , N 3 and N 4 periods;

22)对无故障区域进行源、荷间功率平衡计算,则源、荷间功率平衡式为:22) Calculate the power balance between the source and the load in the fault-free area, then the power balance between the source and the load is:

Pph(t)=PWT(t)+PPV(t)-PL(t)P ph (t)=P WT (t)+P PV (t)-P L (t)

其中,Pph(t)为区域平衡功率,PL(t)为微电网内的实时负荷功率;PWT(t)为风 电机组在t时刻的发电总功率,PPV(t)为光伏发电机组t时刻的发电总功率;Among them, P ph (t) is the regional balance power, P L (t) is the real-time load power in the microgrid; P WT (t) is the total power generated by the wind turbine at time t, and P PV (t) is the photovoltaic power generation The total power generated by the unit at time t;

23)当Pph(t)>0且在N1和N3时段时,无电动汽车接入,微电网仅对储能装置 进行充电,在N2和N4时段时,为使在无电动汽车接入时,需要储能设备来维持系 统运行的稳定,电动汽车的荷电状态最少为SOCESS·sd,然后对电动汽车充电站内的 电动汽车进行充电;23) When P ph (t)> 0 and during N 1 and N 3 periods, no electric vehicles are connected, and the microgrid only charges the energy storage device . When the car is connected, energy storage equipment is needed to maintain the stability of the system. The state of charge of the electric car is at least SOC ESS·sd , and then the electric car in the electric car charging station is charged;

24)当Pph(t)≤0且在N1和N3时段时,仅储能装置进行放电,在N2和N4时段, 在电动汽车进行放电时,若Pph(t)+PEV·dis(t)<0,则储能装置同时参与放电操作,若 储能装置、电动汽车充电站以及可再生能源联合出力都无法满足负荷需求,即 Pph(t)+PEV·dis(t)+PESS·dis(t)<0时,则根据网内负荷的重要级别进行负荷削减,若输出 功率减少到零时仍供电不足,则进一步对该孤岛区域内的负荷进行削减,其中, PEV·dis(t)为t时刻充电站的放电功率,PESS·dis(t)为储能装置在t时刻的放电功率;24) When P ph (t)≤0 and during N 1 and N 3 periods, only the energy storage device is discharged, and during N 2 and N 4 periods, when the electric vehicle is discharging, if P ph (t)+P EV·dis (t)<0, the energy storage device participates in the discharge operation at the same time, if the joint output of the energy storage device, electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy cannot meet the load demand, that is, P ph (t)+P EV·dis When (t)+P ESS·dis (t)<0, the load reduction will be carried out according to the importance level of the load in the network. If the output power is reduced to zero and the power supply is still insufficient, the load in the island area will be further reduced. Among them, P EV dis (t) is the discharge power of the charging station at time t, and P ESS dis (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage device at time t;

25)基于步骤23)和24)的微电网内部功率互动策略,储能设备在不同时段 的充、放电功率计算式为:25) Based on the internal power interaction strategy of the microgrid in steps 23) and 24), the calculation formula of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device in different periods is:

其中,PESS·dis(t)为储能装置的放电功率,PESS·ch(t)为储能装置的充电功率,PESS·dis·max为储能装置的最大放电功率,PESS·ch·max为储能的最大充电功率,SOCESS(t)为 储能设备的荷电状态,SOCESS·sd是储能在电动汽车充电站无电动汽车时为维持后续 系统稳定所要保持的荷电状态;Among them, P ESS dis (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage device, P ESS ch (t) is the charging power of the energy storage device, P ESS dis max is the maximum discharge power of the energy storage device, P ESS· ch max is the maximum charging power of the energy storage, SOC ESS (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage device, SOC ESS sd is the charge that the energy storage must maintain to maintain the stability of the subsequent system when there is no electric vehicle in the electric vehicle charging station. power state;

26)在N1、N3时间段充电站内的电动汽车数量近似为零,考虑在N2、N4时 段电动汽车充电站与微电网间的互动功率情况,即互动响应功率计算模型为:26) The number of electric vehicles in the charging station during N 1 and N 3 is approximately zero. Considering the interactive power between the electric vehicle charging station and the microgrid during N 2 and N 4 , the interactive response power calculation model is:

当Pph(t)>0时,充电站充电功率:When P ph (t)>0, the charging power of the charging station:

当Pph(t)<0时,充电站放电功率:When P ph (t)<0, the charging station discharge power:

PEV·dis·max(t)=Ncar(t)·Pcar·dis+Nbus(t)·Pbus·dis P EV · dis · max (t) = N car (t) · P car · dis + N bus (t) · P bus · dis

其中,PEV·max为充电站与微电网连接的主线路最大允许流动功率,PEV·dis·max(t)为充电站在t时刻得最大可送出功率。Among them, P EV·max is the maximum allowable flow power of the main line connecting the charging station to the microgrid, and P EV·dis·max (t) is the maximum transmittable power of the charging station at time t.

所述的步骤3)中,对微电网进行区域划分的具体分类包括:In the step 3), the specific classification of the regional division of the microgrid includes:

一级区域:内部没有任何类型开关装置的区域,该区域内一旦出现元件故障, 则对该区域进行整体隔离,并且在枚举故障时,以一级区域作为最小枚举单元,考 虑该区域的整体故障率;First-level area: an area without any type of switching device inside. Once a component failure occurs in this area, the area will be isolated as a whole. overall failure rate;

二级区域:以断路器为边界,区域内不含有断路器的区域,由多个一级区域组 合而成的同一支路区域。Second-level area: the area with circuit breaker as the boundary, without circuit breaker in the area, the same branch area composed of multiple first-level areas.

所述的步骤4)中,采取不同的开关动作方式进行故障隔离具体包括:In the step 4), adopting different switch action modes for fault isolation specifically includes:

当以隔离开关为边界的一级区域内发生故障时,该区域的所有上游方向断路器或智能开关首先动作,切断所有电源的供电电流,开断故障区域的隔离开关隔离故 障,重合断路器和智能开关,微电网无故障设备恢复正常运行;When a fault occurs in the first-level area with the isolation switch as the boundary, all upstream direction circuit breakers or intelligent switches in this area will act first to cut off the supply current of all power sources, disconnect the isolation switch in the fault area to isolate the fault, and reclose the circuit breaker and Intelligent switch, the fault-free equipment of the micro-grid resumes normal operation;

当以智能开关为边界的一级区域内故障时,只断开相应的智能开关;When there is a failure in the first-level area bounded by the smart switch, only the corresponding smart switch is disconnected;

当线路支路故障时,阻断电流后无需进行隔离开关的开断操作,同时断路器和 智能开关不再合上。When the line branch is faulty, it is not necessary to perform the disconnection operation of the isolating switch after the current is blocked, and at the same time, the circuit breaker and the intelligent switch are no longer closed.

所述的步骤5)具体包括以下步骤:Described step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:

51)读取原始数据,设定模拟时钟的初始值T=0,假定微电网所有元件初始为 正常工作状态;51) read the original data, set the initial value T=0 of the analog clock, assume that all elements of the microgrid are initially in normal working condition;

52)根据微电网中各元件的无故障工作时间TTF和故障修复时间TTR,得到 TTF时间序列表和TTR时间序列表;52) According to the fault-free working time TTF and fault repair time TTR of each element in the microgrid, obtain the TTF time series table and the TTR time series table;

53)枚举故障并选取TTF时间序列表中最小值TTFi对应的元件为故障元件;53) Enumerate the faults and select the element corresponding to the minimum value TTF i in the TTF time series table as the fault element;

54)获取从T到T+TTFi的仿真时间段内,微电网在电动汽车充电站接入与否 的不同时段内的运行状况,并累加仿真时间T=T+TTFi54) Obtain the operating conditions of the microgrid in different periods of time whether the electric vehicle charging station is connected or not in the simulation time period from T to T+TTF i , and accumulate the simulation time T=T+TTF i ;

55)判断故障类型及位置并确定故障影响区域;55) Judging the type and location of the fault and determining the area affected by the fault;

56)对故障后微电网进行故障隔离;56) Fault isolation of the microgrid after the fault;

57)在故障节点恢复正常运行前,根据隔离故障后的区域的运行状况确定是否 需进行负荷削减,若是,则累计被削减负荷的停电时间以及被削减的负荷功率,并 累加仿真时间T=T+TTRi57) Before the fault node resumes normal operation, determine whether load reduction is required according to the operating conditions of the isolated fault area, if so, accumulate the power outage time of the reduced load and the reduced load power, and accumulate the simulation time T=T +TTR i ;

58)获取受影响的负荷节点的停电时间;58) Obtain the power outage time of the affected load node;

59)判断时间是否达到规定时限,若否,则返回步骤52);若是,则继续下一 步;59) judge whether the time reaches the specified time limit, if not, then return to step 52); if so, continue to the next step;

510)根据微电网系统和负荷节点的可靠性评估指标进行可靠性评估。510) Reliability evaluation is performed according to the reliability evaluation indexes of the microgrid system and load nodes.

所述的步骤510)中,可靠性评估指标包括常规可靠性评估指标和含电动汽车 充电站的微电网可靠性评估指标。In the step 510), the reliability evaluation index includes the conventional reliability evaluation index and the reliability evaluation index of the microgrid containing the electric vehicle charging station.

所述的常规可靠性评估指标包括系统年平均停电频率SAIFI、系统年平均停电 时间SAIDI、用户年平均停电持续时间CAIDI和平均供电可用度ASAI。The conventional reliability evaluation indicators include system annual average power outage frequency SAIFI, system annual average power outage time SAIDI, user annual average power outage duration CAIDI and average power supply availability ASAI.

所述的含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估指标包括充电站的平均充电深 度ACD、平均放电深度ADD、平均负荷削减深度ALRD、无故障区域供电不足时 电动汽车充电站放电减少削减负荷力度η。The micro-grid reliability evaluation indicators including electric vehicle charging stations include the average charge depth ACD, average discharge depth ADD, average load reduction depth ALRD of the charging station, and the electric vehicle charging station's discharge reduction and load reduction strength when the power supply in the non-fault area is insufficient. n.

所述的含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估指标的计算式包括:The formula for calculating the reliability evaluation index of the microgrid including the electric vehicle charging station includes:

其中,分别为电动汽车充电站第i次充电和第j次放电的功率,CHT、 DIST分别为电动汽车充电站充电和放电的总次数,PGi为电动汽车充电站第i次充 电时,可再生能源可发出的功率,ALR为微电网内进行负荷削减的总次数,Pz为 第z次削减的负荷功率。in, Respectively, the i-th charge and j-th discharge power of the electric vehicle charging station, CHT, DIST are the total times of charging and discharging of the electric vehicle charging station, PG i is the electric vehicle charging station i-time charging, the renewable energy The power that can be generated, ALR is the total number of load reductions in the microgrid, and P z is the load power that is reduced for the zth time.

与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

本发明中根据园区内电动汽车用户的工作性质,根据不同类型的电动汽车的行驶特性提出了园区微电网在孤岛运行时,电动汽车充电站联合网内的储能系统与微 电网系统间的功率互动策略,考虑到了多种实际的运行状况(充电、故障、削减等)、 采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟法结合本发明提出的评估指标对含电动汽车充电站的微电 网运行可靠性进行评估,有效直观的反应出电动汽车参与V2G响应后对微电网运行 可靠性的影响,为后续的现实微电网的运行提供参考价值。In the present invention, according to the working nature of electric vehicle users in the park and the driving characteristics of different types of electric vehicles, the power between the energy storage system and the microgrid system in the electric vehicle charging station joint network is proposed when the microgrid in the park is running on an isolated island. The interaction strategy, taking into account a variety of actual operating conditions (charging, failure, reduction, etc.), adopts the sequential Monte Carlo simulation method in combination with the evaluation index proposed by the present invention to evaluate the operation reliability of the microgrid containing the electric vehicle charging station, It can effectively and intuitively reflect the influence of electric vehicles on the operation reliability of the microgrid after participating in the V2G response, and provide reference value for the subsequent operation of the actual microgrid.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的发明流程图。Fig. 1 is the invention flowchart of the present invention.

图2为两种类型电动汽车在工作日的不同时段的行驶状态。Figure 2 shows the driving status of two types of electric vehicles at different times of the working day.

图3为微电网内部功率互动运行策略。Figure 3 shows the internal power interaction operation strategy of the microgrid.

图4为实例中园区微电网仿真馈线系统。Figure 4 is the simulated feeder system of the park microgrid in the example.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

实施例Example

如图1所示,本发明提供一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠性的评估方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the operation reliability of a microgrid containing an electric vehicle charging station, comprising the following steps:

S1根据微网内电动汽车运行特性,计算各时间点电动汽车动力电池的荷电状 态;S1 calculates the state of charge of the power battery of the electric vehicle at each time point according to the operating characteristics of the electric vehicle in the microgrid;

S2根据微电网内部功率互动策略,建立互动响应功率计算模型;S2 establishes an interactive response power calculation model according to the internal power interaction strategy of the microgrid;

S3根据网络开关的位置以及不同类型开关开断特性,对微电网进行区域划分;S3 divides the microgrid according to the position of the network switch and the breaking characteristics of different types of switches;

S4根据微电网孤岛运行时内部故障点所在区域的不同,采取不同的开关动作 策略来进行故障隔离;S4 adopts different switching action strategies to isolate faults according to the different areas where the internal fault points are located when the microgrid is operating in an isolated island;

S5采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟算法对含电动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠性进行 评估。S5 uses a sequential Monte Carlo simulation algorithm to evaluate the operational reliability of a microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations.

步骤S1中根据微网内电动汽车运行特性,计算各时间点电动汽车动力电池的 荷电状态,其具体步骤为:In step S1, according to the operating characteristics of the electric vehicle in the microgrid, the state of charge of the power battery of the electric vehicle at each time point is calculated, and the specific steps are as follows:

步骤S11:根据园区内电动汽车用户的工作时间特性,对不同类型电动车辆的 行驶特性进行分析,图2为其在工作日不同时段的行驶状态示意图。其中N1为早 上电动班车从园区出发,在固定站点接上员工后返回园区的时间段;n1为员工早上 乘私家电动汽车从家到园区的时间段;N2(n2)为电动班车(私家电动汽车)停在园 区内充电站的时间段;N3为下午班车送员工到固定站点并返回园区的时间段,n3为 员工乘私家电动汽车从园区到家的时间段;N4为班车停在园区充电站的时间段,n4为私家电动汽车停在员工家里时间;Step S11: According to the working time characteristics of electric vehicle users in the park, the driving characteristics of different types of electric vehicles are analyzed. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the driving status at different times of the working day. Among them, N 1 is the time period when the electric shuttle bus departs from the park in the morning and returns to the park after picking up employees at a fixed station; n 1 is the time period when employees take their private electric cars from home to the park in the morning; N 2 (n 2 ) is the electric shuttle bus (private electric vehicles) parked at the charging station in the park; N 3 is the time period for the afternoon shuttle bus to send employees to the fixed station and return to the park; n 3 is the time period for employees to take private electric cars from the park to home; N 4 is The time period when the shuttle bus stops at the charging station in the park, n 4 is the time when the private electric car is parked at the employee's home;

步骤S12:为满足电动汽车用户的用车需求,各时间点动力电池的荷电状态需 满足的最低约束为:Step S12: In order to meet the needs of electric vehicle users, the minimum constraints to be met by the state of charge of the power battery at each time point are:

式中:T0、T′0分别为班车和私家电动汽车早上的出发时间点,并且T0<T′0; T1和T2分别为接入(上班)和离开(下班)的时间点;T3为班车返回园区后停 在充电站的时间点;T′3为私家EV到家的时间点;SOCmin(T0/T′0)、SOCmin(T1)、 SOCmin(T2)、SOCmin(T3/T′3)为在T0或T′0、T1、T2、T3或T′3时间点各电动车辆的荷 电状态;S1、S2分别为班车(私家电动汽车)在N1(n1)、N3(n3)时段行驶路 程(kM);W为电动汽车的每公里耗电量,Wed为电动汽车动力电池的额定电量; SOCsd·min为保证动力电池一定的使用寿命而设定的最低荷电状态阀值。In the formula: T 0 , T′ 0 are the departure time points of the shuttle bus and private electric cars in the morning respectively, and T 0 <T′ 0 ; T 1 and T 2 are the time points of connecting (to work) and leaving (off work) respectively ; T 3 is the time point when the shuttle bus stops at the charging station after returning to the park; T′ 3 is the time point when the private EV arrives home; SOC min (T 0 /T′ 0 ), SOC min (T 1 ), SOC min (T 2 ), SOC min (T 3 /T′ 3 ) is the state of charge of each electric vehicle at T 0 or T′ 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 or T′ 3 time points; S 1 and S 2 are respectively Shuttle bus (private electric vehicle) travel distance (kM) during N 1 (n 1 ) and N 3 (n 3 ); W is the power consumption per kilometer of the electric vehicle, and W ed is the rated power of the power battery of the electric vehicle; SOC sd·min is the minimum state of charge threshold set to ensure a certain service life of the power battery.

步骤S2中根据微电网内部功率互动策略,建立互动响应功率计算模型,具体 步骤为:In step S2, according to the internal power interaction strategy of the microgrid, an interactive response power calculation model is established, and the specific steps are:

步骤S21:判定微电网运行时段,即N1,N2,N3,N4Step S21: Determine the operating period of the microgrid, namely N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 ;

步骤S22:对无故障区域进行源、荷间功率平衡计算,源、荷间功率平衡式如 下:Step S22: Calculate the power balance between the source and the load in the fault-free area. The power balance formula between the source and the load is as follows:

Pph(t)=PWT(t)+PPV(t)-PL(t)P ph (t)=P WT (t)+P PV (t)-P L (t)

式中:PL(t)为微电网内的实时负荷功率;PWT(t)为风电机组在t时刻的发电总 功率,PPV(t)为光伏发电机组t时刻的发电总功率。In the formula: P L (t) is the real-time load power in the microgrid; P WT (t) is the total power generated by the wind turbine at time t, and P PV (t) is the total power generated by the photovoltaic generator at time t.

步骤S23:若Pph(t)>0。在N1和N3时段时,无电动汽车接入,微电网将仅对储 能电池进行充电。在N2和N4时段,为使在无电动汽车接入时,需要储能设备来维 持系统运行的稳定,其荷电状态应保有一定限制SOCESS·sd。其次再对电动汽车充电 站内的电动汽车进行充电;Step S23: If P ph (t)>0. During N 1 and N 3 periods, no electric vehicles are connected, and the microgrid will only charge the energy storage battery. In the N 2 and N 4 time periods, in order to ensure that the energy storage device is needed to maintain the stability of the system operation when no electric vehicle is connected, its state of charge should maintain a certain limit SOC ESS·sd . Secondly, charge the electric vehicles in the electric vehicle charging station;

步骤S24:若Pph(t)≤0。在N1和N3时段时,仅储能电池进行放电。在N2和N4时段,首先安排电动汽车进行放电。若Pph(t)+PEV·dis(t)<0,则储能电池也同时参与 放电操作。若储能电池、电动汽车充电站以及可再生能源联合出力都无法满足负荷 需求,即Pph(t)+PEV·dis(t)+PESS·dis(t)<0时,需根据网内负荷的重要级别来进行负荷削 减。当其中,PEV·dis(t)为t时刻充电站的放电功率,PESS·dis(t)为储能电池在t时刻 的放电功率。同时,应考虑电动汽车充电站的输出功率的变化。当输出功率减少到 零时还无法供电仍不足,则将进一步对该孤岛区域内的负荷进行削减。Step S24: If P ph (t)≤0. During N 1 and N 3 periods, only the energy storage battery is discharged. During N2 and N4 periods, electric vehicles are first arranged to discharge. If P ph (t)+P EV·dis (t)<0, the energy storage battery also participates in the discharge operation at the same time. If the combined output of energy storage batteries, electric vehicle charging stations, and renewable energy cannot meet the load demand, that is, when P ph (t)+P EV·dis (t)+P ESS·dis (t)<0, it is necessary to The importance level of the internal load is used for load reduction. Where P EV·dis (t) is the discharge power of the charging station at time t, and P ESS·dis (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage battery at time t. At the same time, changes in the output power of EV charging stations should be considered. When the output power is reduced to zero and the power supply is still insufficient, the load in the island area will be further reduced.

步骤S25:基于上述功率互动策略,储能设备在不同时段的充、放电功率计算 模型为:Step S25: Based on the above power interaction strategy, the calculation model of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at different time periods is:

式中:PESS·dis(t)为储能装置的放电功率,PESS·ch(t)为储能装置的充电功率,PESS·dis·max为储能装置的最大放电功率,PESS·ch·max为储能的最大充电功率,SOCESS(t)为 储能设备的荷电状态,SOCESS·sd是储能在电动汽车充电站无电动汽车时为维持后续 系统稳定所要保持的荷电状态。In the formula: P ESS dis (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage device, P ESS ch (t) is the charging power of the energy storage device, P ESS dis max is the maximum discharge power of the energy storage device, P ESS ch max is the maximum charging power of the energy storage, SOC ESS (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage device, and SOC ESS sd is the energy storage to maintain the stability of the subsequent system when there is no electric vehicle at the electric vehicle charging station state of charge.

步骤S26:在N1、N3时间段充电站内的电动汽车数量基本为零。因此,只考 虑在N2、N4时段电动汽车充电站与微电网间的互动功率情况:Step S26: The number of electric vehicles in the charging station is basically zero during the time periods N 1 and N 3 . Therefore, only consider the interactive power between the electric vehicle charging station and the microgrid during N 2 and N 4 periods:

当Pph(t)>0时,充电站充电功率:When P ph (t)>0, the charging power of the charging station:

当Pph(t)<0时,充电站放电功率:When P ph (t)<0, the charging station discharge power:

PEV·dis·max(t)=Ncar(t)·Pcar·dis+Nbus(t)·Pbus·dis P EV · dis · max (t) = N car (t) · P car · dis + N bus (t) · P bus · dis

式中:PEV·max为充电站与微电网连接的主线路最大允许流动功率,受线路参数 约束;PEV·dis·max(t)为充电站在t时刻得最大可送出功率,受该时刻站内可参与放电的 各类电动汽车数量Ncar(t)、Nbus(t)和单辆电动汽车放电功率Pcar·dis、Pbus·dis的约束。In the formula: P EV max is the maximum allowable flow power of the main line connecting the charging station to the microgrid, which is limited by the line parameters; P EV dis max (t) is the maximum transmittable power of the charging station at time t, which is limited by the The constraints on the number N car (t) and N bus (t) of various types of electric vehicles that can participate in the discharge in the time station and the discharge power P car·dis and P bus·dis of a single electric vehicle.

步骤S3中根据网络开关的位置以及不同类型开关开断特性,对微电网进行区 域划分,具体分类为:In step S3, according to the position of the network switch and the breaking characteristics of different types of switches, the area of the microgrid is divided, and the specific classification is as follows:

一级区域:内部不再有任何类型开关装置的区域。该区域内无论那个元件故障,将对该区域进行整体隔离。因此,在枚举故障时,以一级区域作为最小枚举单元, 考虑该区域的整体故障率。Level 1 area: An area that no longer has any type of switchgear inside. No matter which component fails in this area, the entire area will be isolated. Therefore, when enumerating faults, the first-level area is taken as the smallest enumeration unit, and the overall failure rate of this area is considered.

二级区域:以断路器为边界,区域内不再含有断路器的区域。一般由多个一级 区域组合而成的同一支路区域。Secondary area: with the circuit breaker as the boundary, the area no longer contains circuit breakers. Generally, the same branch area is composed of multiple first-level areas.

步骤S4中根据微电网孤岛运行时内部故障点所在区域的不同,采取不同的开 关动作策略来进行故障隔离,具体步骤为:In step S4, according to the different areas where the internal fault point is located when the microgrid is running in an island, different switching action strategies are adopted to isolate the fault. The specific steps are:

步骤S41:以隔离开关为边界的一级区域内发生故障时,该区域的所有上游方 向断路器或智能开关首先动作,切断所有电源的供电电流,开断故障区域的隔离开 关隔离故障,重合断路器和智能开关,微电网无故障设备恢复正常运行;Step S41: When a fault occurs in the first-level area bounded by the isolating switch, all upstream circuit breakers or intelligent switches in this area act first to cut off the supply current of all power sources, disconnect the isolating switch in the fault area to isolate the fault, and reclose and open the circuit Switches and smart switches, the fault-free equipment in the micro-grid resumes normal operation;

步骤S42:以智能开关为边界的一级区域内故障时,只需断开相应的智能开关 即可;Step S42: When there is a failure in the first-level area with the smart switch as the boundary, it is only necessary to disconnect the corresponding smart switch;

步骤S43:以线路支路故障时,阻断电流后无需进行隔离开关的开断操作,同 时断路器和智能开关不能再合上。Step S43: When there is a fault in the branch of the line, it is not necessary to open the disconnector after the current is blocked, and at the same time the circuit breaker and the intelligent switch cannot be closed again.

步骤S5中采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟算法对含电动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠 性进行评估,具体步骤为:In step S5, the sequential Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the operation reliability of the microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations. The specific steps are:

步骤S51:读取原始数据,设定模拟时钟的初始值T=0,假定所有元件初始为 正常工作状态;Step S51: read the original data, set the initial value T=0 of the analog clock, assuming that all components are initially in a normal working state;

步骤S52:计算网络中各元件的无故障工作时间(time to failure,TTF)和故障修复时间(time to repair,TTR),得出时间序列表:TTF,TTR;Step S52: Calculate the time to failure (TTF) and time to repair (TTR) of each component in the network to obtain a time series table: TTF, TTR;

步骤S53:枚举故障。选取TTF中最小值TTFi所对应的元件为故障元件;Step S53: Enumerate faults. Select the component corresponding to the minimum value TTF i in TTF as the faulty component;

步骤S54:分析仿真时间T到T+TTFi时间段,系统在电动汽车充电站接入与否 的不同时段内的运行状况,累加仿真时间T=T+TTFiStep S54: Analyze the simulation time T to T+TTF i time period, the operating status of the system in different time periods whether the electric vehicle charging station is connected or not, and the accumulated simulation time T=T+TTF i ;

步骤S55:判断故障类型及位置,确定故障影响区域;Step S55: determine the type and location of the fault, and determine the area affected by the fault;

步骤S56:对故障后微电网进行故障隔离;Step S56: performing fault isolation on the microgrid after the fault;

步骤S57:在故障节点恢复正常运行前,对隔离故障后的区域的运行状况进行 分析。确定是否需进行负荷削减。若是,则累计被削减负荷的停电时间,以及被削 减的负荷功率。并累计仿真时间T=T+TTRiStep S57: Before the faulty node resumes normal operation, analyze the operating status of the isolated faulty area. Determine if load shedding is required. If so, the power outage time of the reduced load and the reduced load power are accumulated. And accumulative simulation time T=T+TTR i ;

步骤S58:计算受影响的负荷节点的停电时间;Step S58: Calculate the outage time of the affected load nodes;

步骤S59:判断仿真时间是否达到规定仿真时限,若否,则返回步骤S62;若 是,则继续下一步;Step S59: Judging whether the simulation time has reached the prescribed simulation time limit, if not, then return to step S62; if yes, continue to the next step;

步骤S510:计算系统和负荷节点的可靠性评估指标。Step S510: Calculating reliability evaluation indexes of the system and load nodes.

可靠性评估指标具体包括:Reliability evaluation indicators specifically include:

微电网孤岛状态下的供电可靠性评估指标可以采取传统配电网的可靠性评估 指标(系统年平均停电频率SAIFI、系统年平均停电时间SAIDI、用户年平均停电 持续时间CAIDI和平均供电可用度ASAI)。同时,考虑EV充电站的接入后与微 电网系统间的功率互动状况,本发明在传统指标的基础上,又提出以下指标来分析 EV充电站接入后,对微电网运行可靠性的影响:The power supply reliability evaluation index in the island state of the microgrid can adopt the reliability evaluation index of the traditional distribution network (the system's annual average power outage frequency SAIFI, the system's annual average power outage time SAIDI, the user's annual average power outage duration CAIDI and the average power supply availability ASAI ). At the same time, considering the power interaction between the EV charging station and the microgrid system after the access, the present invention proposes the following indicators on the basis of the traditional indicators to analyze the influence of the EV charging station on the operation reliability of the microgrid :

(1)首先通过统计EV充电站在仿真周期中的充、放电次数(CHT、DIST), 以及充电站的平均充电深度(Average charging depth,ACD)(kW/次)、平均放电 深度(Averagedischarge depth,ADD)(kW/次)等参数,来分析EV充电站与微 电网间的亲密度。其中:(1) First, by counting the charging and discharging times (CHT, DIST) of the EV charging station in the simulation cycle, as well as the average charging depth (ACD) (kW/time) and the average discharge depth (Averagedischarge depth) of the charging station , ADD) (kW/time) and other parameters to analyze the intimacy between the EV charging station and the microgrid. in:

式中:分别为EV充电站第i次充电和第j次放电的功率;PGi为EV 电站第i次充电时,可再生能源可发出的功率。In the formula: Respectively, the power of the i-th charge and j-th discharge of the EV charging station; PG i is the power that the renewable energy can generate when the EV station is charged for the i-th time.

(2)通过计算微电网内进行负荷削减的次数(Average load reductions,ALR)(次/年)和平均负荷削减深度(Average load reduction depth,ALRD)(kW/次), 分析含有EV充电站与无EV充电站接入的微电网,在两种不同情况下网内负荷的 用电可靠性的差异,进一步分析EV充电站接入后对微电网供电可靠性的影响。其 中:(2) By calculating the number of load reductions (Average load reductions, ALR) (times/year) and the average load reduction depth (Average load reduction depth, ALRD) (kW/times) in the microgrid, the analysis of EV charging stations and The microgrid without EV charging station access, the difference in the reliability of power consumption of loads in the network under two different situations, and further analyze the impact of EV charging station access on the reliability of microgrid power supply. in:

式中:Pz为第z次削减的负荷功率。In the formula: P z is the load power reduced for the zth time.

(3)在网内无故障区域供电不足时,EV充电站参与放电,降低了网内缺供 电量,减少了削减的负荷功率,从而减少了停电的用户数。其效果可由下式表示:(3) When the power supply is insufficient in the fault-free area of the network, the EV charging station participates in the discharge, which reduces the lack of power supply in the network, reduces the reduced load power, and thus reduces the number of power outage users. Its effect can be expressed by the following formula:

实施例网络结构图如图4所示,以IEEE配电系统可靠性评估测试系统RTBS Bus 6的网络结构为基础,将负荷节点LP13-LP23所在区域作为微电网,通过PCC 开关接入配电网。The network structure diagram of the embodiment is shown in Figure 4, based on the network structure of the RTBS Bus 6 of the IEEE power distribution system reliability evaluation and testing system, the area where the load nodes LP13-LP23 are located is used as a microgrid, and connected to the distribution network through a PCC switch .

对微电网进行分区,分区情况如表1所示,共11个负荷一级区域,光伏和风 力发电机组作为两个电源一级区域分别接入①号和③号二级区域区域内。其中,光 伏装机容量为1.5MW,风电机组由3台0.8MW的风机组成。其中,风机的切入风 速为4m/s,额定风速为12.5m/s,切出风速为25m/s。储能电池ESS作为一个单独 的一级区域接入③号二级区域内,容量为5000kW·h。并且微电网区域内配电线 路均采用电缆。表2即为其相应的可靠性参数。Divide the microgrid, as shown in Table 1. There are 11 first-level load areas in total. Photovoltaic and wind turbines are connected to No. ① and No. ③ second-level areas as two power first-level areas respectively. Among them, the photovoltaic installed capacity is 1.5MW, and the wind turbine consists of three 0.8MW wind turbines. Among them, the cut-in wind speed of the fan is 4m/s, the rated wind speed is 12.5m/s, and the cut-out wind speed is 25m/s. The energy storage battery ESS, as a separate first-level area, is connected to No. ③ second-level area, with a capacity of 5000kW·h. And the distribution lines in the microgrid area all use cables. Table 2 is the corresponding reliability parameters.

表1微电网分区情况Table 1 Microgrid partition situation

表2可靠性参数Table 2 Reliability parameters

对于图4中EV1、EV2充电站,分别设有50个私家电动汽车充电桩和5个电 动班车充电桩,私家电动汽车假设统一为比亚迪E5车型,电动班车为宇通E8车 型,两种类型电动车的配置参数如表3所示。时间节点T0(T0‘)、T1、T2、T3(T3’)分别取 为7:00(7:30)、9:00、17:00、19:00(18:30)。For the EV1 and EV2 charging stations in Figure 4, there are 50 private electric vehicle charging piles and 5 electric shuttle charging piles respectively. The private electric vehicles are assumed to be BYD E5 models, and the electric shuttle buses are Yutong E8 models. The two types of electric vehicles The configuration parameters are shown in Table 3. Time nodes T 0 (T 0 '), T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 (T 3 ') are respectively taken as 7:00 (7:30), 9:00, 17:00, 19:00 (18:30 ).

表3两种类型电动车的配置参数Table 3 Configuration parameters of two types of electric vehicles

本算例对计及EV充电站接入和无EV充电站两种状况,分别进行了相关可靠 性指标的计算,结果如下表4所示。其中,本算例设定负荷节点LP13、LP17、LP19 的重要级别较低,可优先进行削减,后续相应负荷的削减则由负荷点与电源节点间 的电气距离决定,距离由远到近,依次削减。In this calculation example, the calculation of the relevant reliability indicators is carried out for the two situations of EV charging station access and no EV charging station, and the results are shown in Table 4 below. Among them, in this calculation example, the importance level of load nodes LP13, LP17, and LP19 is set to be low, and they can be cut first. The subsequent reduction of corresponding loads is determined by the electrical distance between the load point and the power node, and the distance is from farthest to shortest. reduce.

表4相关可靠性指标Table 4 Related Reliability Indexes

可靠性指标reliability index 不含EV充电站EV charging station not included 含EV充电站Including EV charging station SAIFI(次/户·年)SAIFI(time/household·year) 2.4492.449 2.2122.212 SAIDI(h/户·年)SAIDI(h/household·year) 14.29814.298 12.10312.103 ASAIASAI 0.996340.99634 0.99860.9986 ACD(kW/次)ACD(kW/time) ---- 0.20620.2062 ADD(kW/次)ADD(kW/time) ---- 0.19830.1983 ALR(次/年)ALR (times/year) 15771577 676676 ALRD(kW/次)ALRD(kW/time) 0.38420.3842 0.27630.2763 ηn ---- 0.4178 0.4178

从表4计算结果中可以看出,微电网孤岛运行状态下,考虑电动汽车充电站与 微电网间的功率互动情况,微电网系统的平均停电时间减少了0.237(次/户·年)、 平均停电次数减少了15.35%,负荷平均削减深度(ALRD)减少了约28.1%,负荷 削减次数(ALR)则降低了57.1%,有效反映出微电网在孤岛运行状态下对负荷的 供电质量的提高。电动汽车的充电深度指标(ACD)也反映出,充分利用电动汽 车充电站的V2G技术,在满足电动汽车充电需求的同时,也增大了系统对分布式 能源的消纳能力。在微电网内发电出力富裕时,对电动汽车充电,可有效降低系统 内的弃风、弃光率。It can be seen from the calculation results in Table 4 that under the island operation state of the microgrid, considering the power interaction between the electric vehicle charging station and the microgrid, the average power outage time of the microgrid system is reduced by 0.237 (times/household·year). The number of outages decreased by 15.35%, the average load reduction depth (ALRD) decreased by about 28.1%, and the load reduction times (ALR) decreased by 57.1%, effectively reflecting the improvement of the power supply quality of the microgrid to the load under the island operation state. The charging depth index (ACD) of electric vehicles also reflects that fully utilizing the V2G technology of electric vehicle charging stations can not only meet the charging needs of electric vehicles, but also increase the system's ability to absorb distributed energy. When the power generation in the microgrid is abundant, charging electric vehicles can effectively reduce the curtailment rate of wind and light in the system.

Claims (10)

1.一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. A microgrid reliability evaluation method containing electric vehicle charging station, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1)根据微网内电动汽车运行特性,获取各时间点电动汽车动力电池的荷电状态;1) Obtain the state of charge of the power battery of the electric vehicle at each time point according to the operating characteristics of the electric vehicle in the microgrid; 2)根据微电网内部功率互动策略,建立互动响应功率计算模型;2) According to the internal power interaction strategy of the microgrid, an interactive response power calculation model is established; 3)根据网络开关的位置以及不同类型开关开断特性,对微电网进行区域划分;3) According to the position of the network switch and the breaking characteristics of different types of switches, the microgrid is divided into regions; 4)根据微电网孤岛运行时内部故障点所在区域的不同,采取不同的开关动作方式来进行故障隔离;4) Depending on the area where the internal fault point is located when the microgrid is operating in an isolated island, different switch action methods are used to isolate the fault; 5)在考虑微电网内部功率互动和故障隔离下采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟法对含电动汽车充电站的微电网运行可靠性进行评估。5) Considering the internal power interaction and fault isolation of the microgrid, the sequential Monte Carlo simulation method is used to evaluate the operational reliability of the microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1)中,各时间点电动汽车动力电池的荷电状态满足以下约束:2. A method for evaluating the reliability of a microgrid containing electric vehicle charging stations according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the state of charge of the electric vehicle power battery at each time point satisfies the following constraints : 其中,T0、T′0分别为班车和私家电动汽车早上的出发时间点,并且T0<T′0,T1和T2分别为接入和离开的时间点,T3为班车返回园区后停在充电站的时间点,T′3为私家电动汽车到家的时间点,SOCmin(T0/T′0)、SOCmin(T1)、SOCmin(T2)、SOCmin(T3/T′3)分别为在T0或T′0、T1、T2、T3或T′3时间点电动车辆的荷电状态,S1为班车在N1、N3时段行驶路程,S2为私家电动汽车在n1、n3时段行驶路程,N1为早上电动班车从园区出发,在固定站点接上员工后返回园区的时间段,N2为电动班车停在园区内充电站的时间段,N3为下午班车送员工到固定站点并返回园区的时间段,N4为班车停在园区充电站的时间段,n1为员工早上乘私家电动汽车从家到园区的时间段,n2为私家电动汽车停在园区内充电站的时间段,n3为员工乘私家电动汽车从园区到家的时间段,n4为私家电动汽车停在员工家里时间,W为电动汽车的每公里耗电量,Wed为电动汽车动力电池的额定电量,SOCsd·min为保证动力电池一定的使用寿命而设定的最低荷电状态阀值。Among them, T 0 and T′ 0 are the departure time points of the shuttle bus and private electric cars in the morning respectively, and T 0 <T′ 0 , T 1 and T 2 are the time points of entering and leaving respectively, and T 3 is the time point of returning the shuttle bus to the park The time point when the private electric car stops at the charging station, T′ 3 is the time point when the private electric car arrives home, SOC min (T 0 /T′ 0 ), SOC min (T 1 ), SOC min (T 2 ), SOC min (T 3 /T′ 3 ) are the state of charge of the electric vehicle at T 0 or T′ 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 or T′ 3 respectively, and S 1 is the travel distance of the shuttle bus at N 1 and N 3 , S 2 is the driving distance of private electric cars in time periods n 1 and n 3 , N 1 is the time period when the electric shuttle bus departs from the park in the morning and returns to the park after picking up employees at a fixed station, N 2 is the time when the electric shuttle bus parks in the park for charging N3 is the time period for the afternoon shuttle bus to send employees to the fixed station and return to the park, N4 is the time period for the shuttle bus to stop at the charging station in the park, and n1 is the time for employees to take their private electric vehicles from home to the park in the morning , n 2 is the time period when the private electric car is parked at the charging station in the park, n 3 is the time period when the employee takes the private electric car from the park to home, n 4 is the time when the private electric car is parked at the employee’s home, W is the time period of the electric car Power consumption per kilometer, W ed is the rated power of the electric vehicle power battery, and SOC sd·min is the minimum state of charge threshold set to ensure a certain service life of the power battery. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)具体包括以下步骤:3. a kind of micro-grid reliability evaluation method containing electric vehicle charging station according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 2) specifically comprises the following steps: 21)确定微电网的运行时段,包括N1、N2、N3和N4时段;21) Determine the operating period of the microgrid, including N 1 , N 2 , N 3 and N 4 periods; 22)对无故障区域进行源、荷间功率平衡计算,则源、荷间功率平衡式为:22) Calculate the power balance between the source and the load in the fault-free area, then the power balance between the source and the load is: Pph(t)=PWT(t)+PPV(t)-PL(t)P ph (t)=P WT (t)+P PV (t)-P L (t) 其中,Pph(t)为区域平衡功率,PL(t)为微电网内的实时负荷功率;PWT(t)为风电机组在t时刻的发电总功率,PPV(t)为光伏发电机组t时刻的发电总功率;Among them, P ph (t) is the regional balance power, P L (t) is the real-time load power in the microgrid; P WT (t) is the total power generated by the wind turbine at time t, and P PV (t) is the photovoltaic power generation The total power generated by the unit at time t; 23)当Pph(t)>0且在N1和N3时段时,无电动汽车接入,微电网仅对储能装置进行充电,在N2和N4时段时,为使在无电动汽车接入时,需要储能设备来维持系统运行的稳定,电动汽车的荷电状态最少为SOCESS·sd,然后对电动汽车充电站内的电动汽车进行充电;23) When P ph (t)> 0 and during N 1 and N 3 periods, no electric vehicles are connected, and the microgrid only charges the energy storage device . When the car is connected, energy storage equipment is needed to maintain the stability of the system. The state of charge of the electric car is at least SOC ESS·sd , and then the electric car in the electric car charging station is charged; 24)当Pph(t)≤0且在N1和N3时段时,仅储能装置进行放电,在N2和N4时段,在电动汽车进行放电时,若Pph(t)+PEV·dis(t)<0,则储能装置同时参与放电操作,若储能装置、电动汽车充电站以及可再生能源联合出力都无法满足负荷需求,即Pph(t)+PEV·dis(t)+PESS·dis(t)<0时,则根据网内负荷的重要级别进行负荷削减,若输出功率减少到零时仍供电不足,则进一步对该孤岛区域内的负荷进行削减,其中,PEV·dis(t)为t时刻充电站的放电功率,PESS·dis(t)为储能装置在t时刻的放电功率;24) When P ph (t)≤0 and during N 1 and N 3 periods, only the energy storage device is discharged, and during N 2 and N 4 periods, when electric vehicles are discharging, if P ph (t)+P EV·dis (t)<0, the energy storage device participates in the discharge operation at the same time, if the joint output of the energy storage device, electric vehicle charging station and renewable energy cannot meet the load demand, that is, P ph (t)+P EV·dis When (t)+P ESS·dis (t)<0, the load reduction will be carried out according to the importance level of the load in the network. If the output power is reduced to zero and the power supply is still insufficient, the load in the island area will be further reduced. Among them, P EV dis (t) is the discharge power of the charging station at time t, and P ESS dis (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage device at time t; 25)基于步骤23)和24)的微电网内部功率互动策略,储能设备在不同时段的充、放电功率计算式为:25) Based on the internal power interaction strategy of the microgrid in steps 23) and 24), the calculation formula of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device in different periods is: 其中,PESS·dis(t)为储能装置的放电功率,PESS·ch(t)为储能装置的充电功率,PESS·dis·max为储能装置的最大放电功率,PESS·ch·max为储能的最大充电功率,SOCESS(t)为储能设备的荷电状态,SOCESS·sd是储能在电动汽车充电站无电动汽车时为维持后续系统稳定所要保持的荷电状态;Among them, P ESS dis (t) is the discharge power of the energy storage device, P ESS ch (t) is the charging power of the energy storage device, P ESS dis max is the maximum discharge power of the energy storage device, P ESS· ch max is the maximum charging power of the energy storage, SOC ESS (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage device, SOC ESS sd is the charge that the energy storage must maintain to maintain the stability of the subsequent system when there is no electric vehicle in the electric vehicle charging station. power state; 26)在N1、N3时间段充电站内的电动汽车数量近似为零,考虑在N2、N4时段电动汽车充电站与微电网间的互动功率情况,即互动响应功率计算模型为:26) The number of electric vehicles in the charging station during N 1 and N 3 is approximately zero. Considering the interactive power between the electric vehicle charging station and the microgrid during N 2 and N 4 , the interactive response power calculation model is: 当Pph(t)>0时,充电站充电功率:When P ph (t)>0, the charging power of the charging station: 当Pph(t)<0时,充电站放电功率:When P ph (t)<0, the charging station discharge power: PEV·dis·max(t)=Ncar(t)·Pcar·dis+Nbus(t)·Pbus·dis P EV · dis · max (t) = N car (t) · P car · dis + N bus (t) · P bus · dis 其中,PEV·max为充电站与微电网连接的主线路最大允许流动功率,PEV·dis·max(t)为充电站在t时刻得最大可送出功率。Among them, P EV·max is the maximum allowable flow power of the main line connecting the charging station to the microgrid, and P EV·dis·max (t) is the maximum transmittable power of the charging station at time t. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤3)中,对微电网进行区域划分的具体分类包括:4. a kind of microgrid reliability assessment method that contains electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3), the concrete classification that carries out regional division to microgrid comprises: 一级区域:内部没有任何类型开关装置的区域,该区域内一旦出现元件故障,则对该区域进行整体隔离,并且在枚举故障时,以一级区域作为最小枚举单元,考虑该区域的整体故障率;First-level area: An area without any type of switching device inside. Once a component failure occurs in this area, the area will be isolated as a whole, and when enumerating faults, the first-level area will be used as the smallest enumeration unit. overall failure rate; 二级区域:以断路器为边界,区域内不含有断路器的区域,由多个一级区域组合而成的同一支路区域。Second-level area: The area with circuit breakers as the boundary, without circuit breakers in the area, and the same branch area composed of multiple first-level areas. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤4)中,采取不同的开关动作方式进行故障隔离具体包括:5. A method for evaluating the reliability of a microgrid containing an electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, wherein, in the step 4), adopting different switch action modes for fault isolation specifically includes: 当以隔离开关为边界的一级区域内发生故障时,该区域的所有上游方向断路器或智能开关首先动作,切断所有电源的供电电流,开断故障区域的隔离开关隔离故障,重合断路器和智能开关,微电网无故障设备恢复正常运行;When a fault occurs in the first-level area with the isolation switch as the boundary, all upstream direction circuit breakers or intelligent switches in this area will act first to cut off the supply current of all power sources, disconnect the isolation switch in the fault area to isolate the fault, and reclose the circuit breaker and Intelligent switch, the fault-free equipment of the micro-grid resumes normal operation; 当以智能开关为边界的一级区域内故障时,只断开相应的智能开关;When there is a failure in the first-level area bounded by the smart switch, only the corresponding smart switch is disconnected; 当线路支路故障时,阻断电流后无需进行隔离开关的开断操作,同时断路器和智能开关不再合上。When the line branch fails, it is not necessary to perform the disconnection operation of the isolating switch after the current is blocked, and at the same time, the circuit breaker and the intelligent switch are no longer closed. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤5)具体包括以下步骤:6. A method for evaluating the reliability of a microgrid containing an electric vehicle charging station according to claim 1, wherein said step 5) specifically includes the following steps: 51)读取原始数据,设定模拟时钟的初始值T=0,假定微电网所有元件初始为正常工作状态;51) read the original data, set the initial value T=0 of the analog clock, assume that all elements of the microgrid are initially in a normal working state; 52)根据微电网中各元件的无故障工作时间TTF和故障修复时间TTR,得到TTF时间序列表和TTR时间序列表;52) Obtain the TTF time series table and the TTR time series table according to the fault-free working time TTF and fault repair time TTR of each component in the microgrid; 53)枚举故障并选取TTF时间序列表中最小值TTFi对应的元件为故障元件;53) Enumerate the faults and select the element corresponding to the minimum value TTF i in the TTF time series table as the fault element; 54)获取从T到T+TTFi的仿真时间段内,微电网在电动汽车充电站接入与否的不同时段内的运行状况,并累加仿真时间T=T+TTFi54) Obtain the operating conditions of the microgrid in different periods of time whether the electric vehicle charging station is connected or not in the simulation time period from T to T+TTF i , and accumulate the simulation time T=T+TTF i ; 55)判断故障类型及位置并确定故障影响区域;55) Judging the type and location of the fault and determining the area affected by the fault; 56)对故障后微电网进行故障隔离;56) Fault isolation of microgrid after fault; 57)在故障节点恢复正常运行前,根据隔离故障后的区域的运行状况确定是否需进行负荷削减,若是,则累计被削减负荷的停电时间以及被削减的负荷功率,并累加仿真时间T=T+TTRi57) Before the fault node resumes normal operation, determine whether load reduction is required according to the operating conditions of the isolated fault area, if so, accumulate the power outage time of the reduced load and the reduced load power, and accumulate the simulation time T=T +TTR i ; 58)获取受影响的负荷节点的停电时间;58) Obtain the power outage time of the affected load node; 59)判断时间是否达到规定时限,若否,则返回步骤52);若是,则继续下一步;59) determine whether the time reaches the specified time limit, if not, then return to step 52); if so, continue to the next step; 510)根据微电网系统和负荷节点的可靠性评估指标进行可靠性评估。510) Reliability evaluation is performed according to the reliability evaluation indexes of the microgrid system and load nodes. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤510)中,可靠性评估指标包括常规可靠性评估指标和含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估指标。7. A method for evaluating the reliability of a microgrid containing an electric vehicle charging station according to claim 6, characterized in that, in the step 510), the reliability evaluation indicators include conventional reliability evaluation indicators and electric vehicle charging stations Microgrid Reliability Evaluation Indicators for Charging Stations. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的常规可靠性评估指标包括系统年平均停电频率SAIFI、系统年平均停电时间SAIDI、用户年平均停电持续时间CAIDI和平均供电可用度ASAI。8. A method for evaluating the reliability of a microgrid with electric vehicle charging stations according to claim 7, wherein the conventional reliability evaluation indicators include the system annual average power outage frequency SAIFI, the system annual average power outage time SAIDI , the user's annual average power outage duration CAIDI and the average power supply availability ASAI. 9.根据权利要求7所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估指标包括充电站的平均充电深度ACD、平均放电深度ADD、平均负荷削减深度ALRD、无故障区域供电不足时电动汽车充电站放电减少削减负荷力度η。9. A method for evaluating the reliability of a micro-grid containing an electric vehicle charging station according to claim 7, wherein the reliability evaluation index of the micro-grid containing an electric vehicle charging station includes the average charging depth of the charging station ACD, average discharge depth ADD, average load reduction depth ALRD, electric vehicle charging station discharge reduction and load reduction strength η when the power supply in the non-fault area is insufficient. 10.根据权利要求9所述的一种含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估方法,其特征在于,所述的含电动汽车充电站的微电网可靠性评估指标的计算式包括:10. A method for evaluating the reliability of a micro-grid containing an electric vehicle charging station according to claim 9, wherein the calculation formula for evaluating the reliability of the micro-grid containing an electric vehicle charging station includes: 其中,分别为电动汽车充电站第i次充电和第j次放电的功率,CHT、DIST分别为电动汽车充电站充电和放电的总次数,PGi为电动汽车充电站第i次充电时,可再生能源可发出的功率,ALR为微电网内进行负荷削减的总次数,Pz为第z次削减的负荷功率。in, Respectively, the i-th charge and j-th discharge power of the electric vehicle charging station, CHT, DIST are the total number of charging and discharging times of the electric vehicle charging station, PG i is the renewable energy when the electric vehicle charging station is charged for the i-th time The power that can be generated, ALR is the total number of load reductions in the microgrid, and P z is the load power that is reduced for the zth time.
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