CN110244492B - 透明显示基板及透明显示装置 - Google Patents
透明显示基板及透明显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G02—OPTICS
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
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Abstract
本申请涉及显示技术领域,公开了一种透明显示基板及透明显示装置。透明显示基板,包括显示层和设置于所述显示层一侧的液晶光栅层,所述显示层包括黑矩阵及由所述黑矩阵界定的显示区,所述液晶光栅层背离所述显示层的一侧设置有背光单元,所述背光单元包括用于向所述显示层出射背光光线的背光层,以及至少用于将正对所述显示区位置的所述背光光线聚射至所述黑矩阵的聚光层。上述方案,在暗态显示时,通过聚光层将正对显示区位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵,使得显示区位置无背光光线透射,克服了暗态显示时出现漏光的问题,提高了显示对比度。
Description
技术领域
本申请一般涉及显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种透明显示基板及透明显示装置。
背景技术
现有的透明显示装置,通过自由曲面反射镜将LED光源的朗伯体光线调制以某一中心角度耦合入导光板,在导光板内全反射传输中,在导光板的上面或下面设置取光光栅,取光光栅的作用是将在导光板中全反射传播的大角度光线以准直角度取出,实现了高透过率的准直光源(背景光大部分可通过导光板);在取光光栅上方设置液晶光栅及遮光层阵列,出射准直光被遮光层吸收实现暗态(L0),在显示亮态(L255)时,给液晶光栅的液晶层一组电压信号,使液晶层形成预定的光栅,经液晶光栅的衍射后出射,给液晶层加不同的电压信号,可实现液晶光栅对入射光的不同衍射效率,以实现多灰阶显示。
但是,在加工过程中,由于光栅制备工艺原因,将会不可避免低导致非取光口区/显示透明区玻璃表面被刻蚀,以及导光板侧表面粗糙,导致暗态显示时出现漏光,降低了显示的对比度。
发明内容
本申请期望提供一种透明显示基板及透明显示装置,用以解决暗态显示时出现漏光,降低显示对比度的问题。
第一方面,本申请提供一种透明显示基板,包括显示层和设置于所述显示层一侧的液晶光栅层,所述显示层包括黑矩阵及由所述黑矩阵界定的显示区,所述液晶光栅层背离所述显示层的一侧设置有背光单元,所述背光单元包括用于向所述显示层出射背光光线的背光层,以及至少用于将正对所述显示区位置的所述背光光线聚射至所述黑矩阵的聚光层。
进一步地,所述背光层包括导光板,所述导光板朝向所述显示层的一侧形成有光栅层。
进一步地,所述聚光层包括阵列设置的凸透镜,各所述凸透镜的光轴经过所述黑矩阵,且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述凸透镜。
进一步地,所述聚光层包括阵列设置的菲涅尔波带片,各所述菲涅尔波带片的光轴经过所述黑矩阵,且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述菲涅尔波带片。
进一步地,所述凸透镜上设置有透光通孔,所述透光通孔正对所述取光光栅,所述透光通孔的口径大于等于所述取光光栅的宽度,且所述透光通孔的口径小于等于所述黑矩阵的宽度。
进一步地,所述导光板背离所述聚光层的一侧设置有散光层,所述散光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜,所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜一一正对设置,所述凸透镜的焦距与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
进一步地,所述背光层包括矩阵排列的LED光源,各所述LED光源正对所述黑矩阵,正对于各所述LED光源的位置设置有凹面结构的半反半透膜,所述半反半透膜的内凹面为反射面,且朝向所述LED光源及所述黑矩阵。
进一步地,所述半反半透膜的内凹面形成有凸透镜,所述半反半透膜的外凸面形成有凹透镜,所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
第二方面,本申请提供一种透明显示装置,包括上述的透明显示基板。
本申请提供的上述方案,在暗态显示时,通过聚光层将正对显示区位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵,使得显示区位置无背光光线透射,克服了暗态显示时出现漏光的问题,提高了显示对比度。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为本发明实施例提供的其中一种透明显示基板的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的凸透镜的俯视图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的凸透镜的立体图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的凹透镜对凸透镜进行补偿的原理图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的另外一种透明显示基板的结构示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的另外一种凹透镜对凸透镜进行补偿的原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供的透明显示基板,包括显示层2和设置于显示层2一侧的液晶光栅层3,显示层2包括黑矩阵15及由黑矩阵15界定的显示区A,显示区A也即形成像素的区域,液晶光栅层3背离显示层2的一侧设置有背光单元,背光单元包括用于向显示层出射背光光线的背光层,以及至少用于将正对显示区A位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵15的聚光层。
在暗态显示时,通过聚光层将正对显示区A位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵15,使得显示区A位置无背光光线透射,克服了暗态显示时出现漏光的问题,提高了显示对比度。
作为其中一种实现方式,背光单元包括用于向显示层2出射背光光线的背光层,背光层包括导光板13,导光板13朝向显示层的一侧形成有光栅层,导光板13的侧面设置有反光罩6,反光罩6用于将背光光源(例如LED光源7等)的朗伯体光线调制以某一中心角度耦合入导光板13,在导光板13内全反射传输中,在导光板13的上形成的光栅层的取光光栅12,将在导光板13中全反射传播的大角度光线以准直角度取出,实现了高透过率的准直光源。聚光层包括阵列设置的凸透镜4,例如但不限于,阵列设置的凸透镜4可以是一列多行的形式,采用此种形式的情况下,另参见图2、图3所示,凸透镜4采用条状的凸透镜4。各凸透镜4的光轴经过黑矩阵15,使得从导光板13中出射的背光光线可以汇集至黑矩阵15,则在暗态显示时,导光板13中出射的背光光线不能到达显示区A,克服了暗态显示时漏光的问题,提高了对比度。光栅层的各取光光栅12均对应一凸透镜4,即每一取光光栅12处都有一个凸透镜4,实际使用中,一个凸透镜4可以对应一个取光光栅12,也可以对应多个取光光栅12,如上述凸透镜4为条状结构时,沿着凸透镜4的条状延伸的方向可以对应设置多个取光光栅12。在聚光层上设置液晶光栅层3,液晶光栅层3在不加电的状态下,其相当于透明平板,液晶光栅层3在加电的状态下,呈现光栅状态,其对经过其的光线产生衍射作用,使得经过聚光层向黑矩阵15聚射的背光光线发生衍射,且随着电压的增高,衍射作用增强,通过对电压大小的控制,控制背光光线衍射至显示区A的背光光线量,实现灰阶L0-L255的变化,L0为暗态,L255为亮态。
作为其中一种可实现方式,导光板13上的取光光栅12可通过以下方式形成,首先在导光板13的其中一面刻蚀形成整面光栅,然后在整面光栅上覆盖掩膜,将整面光栅中的各光栅条刻蚀呈点状,已形成矩阵排布的取光光栅12。
进一步地,凸透镜4上设置有透光通孔5,优选地,透光通孔5位于凸透镜4的中心,也即凸透镜4的光轴经过该透光通孔5,透光通孔5正对取光光栅12,导光板13中全反射传输的背光光线,经取光光栅12出射准直光束,准直光束经透光通孔5射向黑矩阵15。透光通孔5的口径大于等于取光光栅12的宽度,使得经取光光栅12出射的准直光束可以全部经透光通孔5射向黑矩阵15。透光通孔5的口径小于等于黑矩阵15的宽度,使得黑矩阵15可以完成遮挡(吸收)经取光光栅12出射的准直光束。本文所指的口径是透光通孔5的最大尺寸,若透光通孔5为圆孔,则口径为透光通孔5的直径;若透光通孔5为矩形孔,则口径为矩形的长边尺寸;若透光通孔5为正六边形孔,则口径为正六边形最长的对角线尺寸。采用具有透光通孔5的凸透镜既可以将正对显示区A的背光光线聚射到黑矩阵15,又能够不影响取光光栅12取出的准直光束。
进一步地,另参见图4所示,为了避免因设置聚光层而使得透过该透明显示基板的环境光被汇聚,影响透视效果,则在导光板13背离聚光层的一侧设置有散光层,散光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜10,凸透镜4与凹透镜10一一正对设置,凸透镜4的焦距与凹透镜10的焦距相等。凹透镜10作为对环境光的补偿部件,环境光经过凹透镜10散射后在经凸透镜4汇聚,由于凸透镜4的焦距与凹透镜10的焦距相等,则凹透镜10对环境光的散射与凸透镜4对环境光的汇聚作用可以抵消,环境光顺次经过凹透镜10及凸透镜4后,其方向保持不变。
具体地,作为一种可实现方式,该透明显示基板包括第一透光层9。第一透光层9的顶面为外凸的结构,采用外凸的结构是为了在第一透光层9上形成矩阵排布的凹透镜10,在凹透镜10上形成第二透光层11,在第二透光层11上设置导光板13,导光板13背离第二透光层11的一侧设置有取光光栅12,在导光板13设置取光光栅12的一侧设置第三透光层14,第三透光层14作为导光板13设置取光光栅12一侧的平坦化层,在第三透光层14上形成阵列排布的凸透镜4,在凸透镜4上形成液晶光栅层3,液晶光栅层3的电极例如但不限于采用ADS(Advanced Super Dimension Switch,高级超维场转换技术)模式,即包括面状电极34,面状电极34上设置介电层33,介电层33上设置多条并排的条状电极32,条状电极32上设置液晶层31,利用边缘场效应,实现液晶光栅,在该实施例中,液晶层31中的液晶优选高折射率差的液晶,以提高液晶光效。液晶层31上形成显示层2,显示层2上形成上基板1,上基板1例如但不限于为玻璃基板,要求其具有较高的平整度及高透明性。导光板13的侧面设置有反光罩6,反光罩6用于将背光光源(例如LED光源7等)的朗伯体光线调制以某一中心角度耦合入导光板,在导光板13内全反射传输中。背光光源背离反光罩6的一侧设置有反射层8,反射层8用于将背向反光罩6传播的光线反射进反光罩6,以提高光源利用率。
第一透光层9、第二透光层11及第三透光层14均可以采用低折射率的树脂层,其折射率一般在1.3以下,以降低光线传播中在对应界面处因折射而带来的不利影响。
作为另外一种可实现方式,聚光层包括阵列设置的菲涅尔波带片,各菲涅尔波带片的光轴经过黑矩阵,且光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一菲涅尔波带片。也即,该实现方式采用菲涅尔波带片替换上述的凸透镜,其余的结构可以与上述实施例相同。
作为又一种可实现方式,如图5所示,背光层包括矩阵排列的LED光源17,一般地,要求LED光源17尺寸尽量小以降低其遮光的不利影响,光谱宽度窄,LED光源17还可以为micro-LED或micro-OLED。各LED光源17正对黑矩阵15,正对于各LED光源15的位置设置有凹面结构的半反半透膜20,半反半透膜20的内凹面为反射面,且朝向LED光源17及黑矩阵15。LED光源17发出的光经反射面聚射到黑矩阵15。
进一步地,另参见图6所示,半反半透膜20的内凹面形成有凸透镜18,半反半透膜20的外凸面形成有凹透镜21,凸透镜18与凹透镜21的焦距相等。凸透镜18与凹透镜21一方面作为形成半反半透膜20的承接结构,例如可以通过在凹透镜21的凹面或在凸透镜18的凸面镀半反半透膜20,另一方面焦距相等的凸透镜18与凹透镜21分置于半反半透膜20的两侧,形成了平板结构,即凹透镜21补偿了凸透镜18对外界环境光的光线调制效果,当外界环境光穿过时,不会受到任何影响。据此实现了透明显示的背光需求。
具体地,作为一种可实现方式,该透明显示基板包括第一透光层第一透光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜21,凹透镜21的凹面镀有半透半反膜20。在各半反半透膜20的凹面形成凸透镜18,在凸透镜18上设置下基板19,下基板19例如但不限于为玻璃基板,在下基板19上形成阵列排布的LED光源17,形成点阵背光结构,在下基板19上形成覆盖LED光源17的平坦化层16,平坦化层16可以采用低折射率的树脂层,其折射率一般在1.3以下,以降低光线传播中在对应界面处因折射而带来的不利影响。平坦化层16上形成液晶光栅层3,液晶光栅层3的电极例如但不限于采用ADS(Advanced Super Dimension Switch,高级超维场转换技术)模式,即包括面状电极34,面状电极34上设置介电层33,介电层33上设置多条并排的条状电极32,条状电极32上设置液晶层31,利用边缘场效应,实现液晶光栅,在该实施例中,液晶层31中的液晶优选高折射率差的液晶,以提高液晶光效。液晶层31上形成显示层2,显示层2上形成上基板1,上基板1例如但不限于为玻璃基板,要求其具有较高的平整度及高透明性。
另一方面,本发明实施例提供一种透明显示装置包括上述任一实施例的透明显示基板。透明显示装置例如可以是VR(Virtual Reality,虚拟现实)装置,AR(AugmentedReality,增强现实)装置、橱窗展示装置等。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,本申请中所涉及的发明范围,并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案,同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下,由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。
Claims (5)
1.一种透明显示基板,包括显示层和设置于所述显示层一侧的液晶光栅层,所述显示层包括黑矩阵及由所述黑矩阵界定的显示区,其特征在于,所述液晶光栅层背离所述显示层的一侧设置有背光单元,所述背光单元包括用于向所述显示层出射背光光线的背光层,以及至少用于将正对所述显示区位置的所述背光光线聚射至所述黑矩阵的聚光层,所述背光层包括导光板,所述导光板朝向所述显示层的一侧形成有光栅层,所述聚光层包括阵列设置的凸透镜,各所述凸透镜的光轴经过所述黑矩阵,且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述凸透镜,所述凸透镜上设置有透光通孔,所述透光通孔正对所述取光光栅,所述透光通孔的口径大于等于所述取光光栅的宽度,且所述透光通孔的口径小于等于所述黑矩阵的宽度,各所述凸透镜连续设置,用于在暗态显示时,将从导光板中出射的背光光线汇集至黑矩阵,而不能到达显示区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的透明显示基板,其特征在于,所述导光板背离所述聚光层的一侧设置有散光层,所述散光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜,所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜一一正对设置,所述凸透镜的焦距与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
3.根据权利要求1所述的透明显示基板,其特征在于,所述背光层包括矩阵排列的LED光源,各所述LED光源正对所述黑矩阵,正对于各所述LED光源的位置设置有凹面结构的半反半透膜,所述半反半透膜的内凹面为反射面,且朝向所述LED光源及所述黑矩阵。
4.根据权利要求3所述的透明显示基板,其特征在于,所述半反半透膜的内凹面形成有凸透镜,所述半反半透膜的外凸面形成有凹透镜,所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
5.一种透明显示装置,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的透明显示基板。
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