CN110244226A - A kind of power battery SOC estimation method - Google Patents
A kind of power battery SOC estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110244226A CN110244226A CN201910601310.1A CN201910601310A CN110244226A CN 110244226 A CN110244226 A CN 110244226A CN 201910601310 A CN201910601310 A CN 201910601310A CN 110244226 A CN110244226 A CN 110244226A
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- soc
- power battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of power battery SOC estimation methods, comprising: A: discharging under different current strength power battery, obtains the capacity of power battery and the relationship of current strength；B: at constant current discharging to power battery, and the stable state open-circuit voltage for obtaining power battery obtains the relationship between SOC value and stable state open-circuit voltage；C: SOC consumption of the vehicle driven using simulating table simulation using power battery under different acceleration and acceleration time；D: the ampere-hour integral algorithm for introducing S type function and dynamic capacity calculates SOC consumption, and the parameter of S type function is calculated by the SOC consumption that step C is obtained；E: demarcating the parameters relationship of the S type function under different acceleration, obtains S type function relevant to acceleration, and dynamic capacity and S type function are introduced on traditional ampere-hour integral algorithm, obtains the calculation formula of SOC.Power battery SOC estimation method provided by the invention reduces the calculation amount of algorithm while improving SOC estimation precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new-energy automobile people technical field of battery management more particularly to a kind of estimation sides power battery SOC
Method.
Background technique
The fast development of auto industry, so that the consumption of the non-renewable energy resources such as coal, petroleum, the natural gas in the whole world is sharply
Increase, the huge consumption of traditional fuel not only accelerates the exhausted speed of global energy, but also brings greatly to earth environment
It destroys.Continuous aggravating circumstances problem and energy crisis force automobile industry to be sent out towards cleaning, efficient, sustainability direction
Exhibition.
In recent years, as the environmental protection concept of people deepens continuously and be driven by electricity the successful application of carrier, so that with pure
Electrically driven (operated) automobile (Electric Vehicles) obtains development at full speed.Pure electric automobile is by its energy conservation, zero-emission, low
The advantages that noise, bottom radiate, are easy to operate, easy to maintain is classified as primary development strategy by the numerous countries in the whole world, puts into a large amount of people
Power, material resources are studied.Lithium ion battery has become the mainstream dynamic origin of new-energy automobile, to extend lithium battery
Service life, promotion lithium battery use safe, it is necessary to carry out scientific and effective management to it.Along with the supervision and use of battery
The quality for BMS (Battery Management System, the battery management system) design come into being directly affects vehicle
Performance and battery safety.The realization of each function depends on SOC (the State of of battery in battery management system
Charge, state-of-charge), the residual capacity that the SOC of battery is defined as battery accounts for the percentage of rated capacity, accurately estimates
The SOC of power battery is the important link of BMS system design.However, the value of SOC cannot be by directly measuring in practical applications
It obtains, it is desirable to obtain more accurately SOC value, it is necessary to such as by other external parameters, open-circuit voltage, end voltage, electric current, temperature
Deng being calculated indirectly.
Currently, battery management system SOC estimation mainly uses current integration method, and battery active volume by temperature, put
The influence of the factors such as electric multiplying power, service life.This estimation that will lead to SOC generates not under different discharge environments, different electric discharge operating conditions
With the error of degree, especially extremely temperature or current fluctuation it is violent in the case where, error is bigger.The precision of SOC estimation directly affects
The safety of vehicle traveling, comfort, economy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide one kind to eliminate the error in accelerator to improve
The power battery SOC estimation method of computational accuracy.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:
A kind of power battery SOC estimation method, comprising the following steps:
Step A: discharging to power battery under different current strength, obtains the total capacity and electric discharge electricity of power battery
The relationship of intensity of flow；
Step B: at constant current discharging to power battery, and the stable state of power battery is measured under different SOC values
Open-circuit voltage obtains the relationship between SOC value and stable state open-circuit voltage；
Step C: the vehicle driven using simulating table simulation using power battery is in different acceleration and acceleration time
Under SOC consumption；
Step D: the ampere-hour integral algorithm for introducing S type function and dynamic capacity calculates SOC consumption, and is obtained by step C
The SOC consumption arrived calculates the parameter of S type function；
Step E: demarcating the parameters relationship of the S type function under different acceleration, obtains S type function relevant to acceleration,
Dynamic capacity and S type function are introduced on traditional ampere-hour integral algorithm, obtain the calculation formula of SOC.
Preferably, the relationship of power battery total capacity and rate of discharge described in step A are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate total capacity of the power battery when discharge current is i, βxX ∈ [1, n] andIt is normal
Number.
Preferably, experiment is put completely to power battery with the constant discharge current of multiple groups respectively, obtains it and reaches electric discharge
Electric discharge total amount when blanking voltage is the total capacity under the electric current, is fitted to obtain formula by interpolation method using experimental data
(1) constant in.
Preferably, the relationship described in step B between SOC value and stable state open-circuit voltage are as follows:
Wherein, the SOC value that SOC (U) is steady state voltage when being U, φyY ∈ [1, n] andFor constant；
Step B obtains multiple groups SOC value and corresponding steady state voltage value by experiment, is then fitted by interpolation method
Constant in formula (2).
Preferably, acceleration and acceleration time { (a are selected in step Ck,tj) combination under the conditions of different SOC values into
Row n times discharge test, by stand after power battery steady state voltage determine electric discharge after SOC value, and with the SOC value before electric discharge
Compare to obtain SOC consumption Δ SOC.
Preferably, S type function and dynamic capacity are introduced in step DUtilize S type function and dynamic capacityAmpere-hour product
Divide algorithm that SOC consumption is calculated, and enable it equal with the Δ SOC in step C, i.e.,
Wherein, Δ SOCk,jFor in acceleration ak, acceleration time tjSOC consumption after n times of discharging under combination condition；To public affairs
Formula (3) is adjusted to obtain
By fk,j(t) it is expressed as with the relationship of working time t with mathematical function:
F (t)=θl,n·tn+θl,n-1·tn-1+…+θl,1·t+λl (5)
Wherein, l=1,2,3 ..., k, θl,kAnd λlFor constant.
Preferably, the constant in formula (5) is calculated by experimental data in step E, passes through the experiment in step C
Data, i.e. Δ SOC and { (ak,tj) corresponding relationship obtain the θ in different acceleration using least square methodl,kAnd λlNumber
Value, then fits θ using interpolation methodl,kAnd λlWith the functional relation of acceleration a, indicate are as follows:
The expression formula of S type function can be obtained based on formula (6), then the calculation formula of SOC is as follows:
Wherein,For dynamic capacity, Q is normal capacity, SOC (t0) be original state SOC value, t is working time, I
For current fluctuation upper limit value.
Preferably, the power battery carries out discharge test using programmable DC charge-discharge machine.
The advantages of power battery SOC estimation method provided by the invention, is: in the prior art using traditional ampere-hour
Integration method, which estimates not battery SOC, has the problem of discharge current fluctuation adaptability, is added by introducing S type function as vehicle
The penalty term of SOC fall off rate in fast driving process designs discharge test of the different acceleration under the different acceleration time, acquisition
The SOC variable quantity of electric discharge front and back every time carries out off-line identification to the parameter in S type function using least square method；According to identification
As a result fit the functional relation between acceleration and identified parameters, eliminate in accelerator because caused by big multiplying power discharging capacity subtract
Few caused calculating error, this method reduce the calculation amount of algorithm while improving SOC estimation precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of power battery SOC estimation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the relationship provided by the embodiment of the present invention between power battery rate of discharge and active volume
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the relational graph provided by the embodiment of the present invention between power battery SOC and stable state open-circuit voltage；
Fig. 4 is power battery complete vehicle test architecture diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is power battery simulation test acceleration provided by the embodiment of the present invention, acceleration time and S type function
Relational graph between parameter；
Fig. 6 is NEDC operating condition current diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the SOC estimation result schematic diagram under NEDC operating condition provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the SOC estimation error under NEDC operating condition provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiments providing a kind of power battery SOC estimation method, comprising the following steps:
Step A: Fig. 2 is referred to, discharges under different current strength power battery, obtains the total capacity of power battery
With the relationship of rate of discharge；
The relationship of the power battery total capacity and rate of discharge are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate total capacity of the power battery when discharge current is i, βxX ∈ [1, n] andIt is normal
Number.
Experiment is put completely to power battery with the constant discharge current of multiple groups respectively, it is obtained and reaches discharge cut-off voltage
When electric discharge total amount be total capacity under the electric current, to obtain multiple groupsNumerical relation corresponding with i, utilizes experiment
Data are fitted to obtain the constant in formula (1) by interpolation method.
In preferred embodiment, programmable DC charge-discharge machine is selected to discharge power battery, the electricity selected in experiment
Intensity of flow is respectively 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 3C, and blanking voltage is empirical value, by those skilled in the art according to battery when specific experiment
Actual conditions are selected.
Step B: at constant current discharging to power battery, and the stable state of power battery is measured under different SOC values
Open-circuit voltage obtains the relationship between SOC value and stable state open-circuit voltage, with reference to Fig. 3；
Relationship between the SOC value and stable state open-circuit voltage is expressed as:
Wherein, the SOC value that SOC (U) is steady state voltage when being U, φyY ∈ [1, n] andFor constant；
Step B carries out discharge test to power battery also by programmable DC charge-discharge machine, obtains multiple groups by experiment
Then SOC value and corresponding steady state voltage value fit the constant in formula (2) by interpolation method.In preferred embodiment
It is discharged with constant current strength 1C power battery under power battery fully charged state, and chooses 10% SOC as sampling
Interval, since the time interval of power battery constant-current discharge, electric discharge 10% is identical and can be calculated, thus can basis
Time interval measured respectively since fully charged state power battery SOC be 100%, 90%, 80% ..., 0% state when stand
Open-circuit voltage values after 1h pass through interpolation method using the corresponding relationship of SOC and stable state open-circuit voltage as its stable state open-circuit voltage
Fit the constant φ in formula (2)yY ∈ [1, n] and
Step C: referring to Fig. 4, the vehicle driven using simulating table simulation using power battery in different acceleration and
SOC consumption under acceleration time；
Select acceleration and acceleration time { (ak,tj) combination n times discharge test is carried out under the conditions of different SOC values,
The SOC value after electric discharge is determined by the power battery steady state voltage after standing, and is obtained SOC compared with the SOC value before electric discharge and disappeared
Consumption Δ SOC.
The combination that different acceleration and acceleration time are selected in preferred embodiment is respectively 80%, 50% and in SOC
N times discharge test is carried out when 20%, and records stable state open-circuit voltage every time after the test, and calculates this by formula (2)
When SOC value, so that Δ SOC be calculated.
Step D: the ampere-hour integral algorithm for introducing S type function and dynamic capacity calculates SOC consumption, and enables itself and step C
In Δ SOC it is equal.
Wherein, ampere-hour integral algorithm in the prior art is to calculate the capacity of battery by integrated current over time to disappear
Consumption, the SOC calculation formula based on ampere-hour integral are as follows:
In formula: Q is the normal capacity of battery, and i is battery charging and discharging electric current, SOC (t0) it is initial SOC value；The present embodiment
Middle introducing dynamic capacityAnd SOC consumption is equal with the Δ SOC in step C, it may be assumed that
Wherein, Δ SOCk,jFor in acceleration ak, acceleration time tjSOC consumption after n times of discharging under combination condition；To public affairs
Formula (3) is adjusted to obtain
By fk,j(t) it is expressed as with the relationship of working time t with mathematical function:
F (t)=θl,n·tn+θl,n-1·tn-1+…+θl,1·t+λl (5)
Wherein, l=1,2,3 ..., k, θl,kAnd λlFor constant.
Step E: demarcating the parameters relationship of the S type function under different acceleration, obtains S type function relevant to acceleration,
Dynamic capacity and S type function are introduced on traditional ampere-hour integral algorithm, obtain the calculation formula of SOC.
By the experimental data in step C, i.e. Δ SOC and { (ak,tj) corresponding relationship be converted to { (ak,tj) and f (t)
Corresponding relationship, such as Fig. 5 obtains the θ in different acceleration using least square methodl,kAnd λlNumerical value；
θ in formula (5) is fitted using interpolation methodl,kAnd λlWith the functional relation of acceleration a, indicate are as follows:
In preferred embodiment, for θl,kAnd λlWith the unconspicuous situation of trend that acceleration a changes, also can be used directly
Average is as parameter value.
The expression formula of S type function can be obtained based on formula (6), then the algorithm of SOC estimation are as follows:
Wherein, SOC (t0) be original state SOC value, t indicate the working time；Above-mentioned formula there is no consider temperature and
Capacity fluctuation caused by identical discharge current caused by the factors such as aging is different, thus the present embodiment introduces discharge current fluctuation
Upper limit I, for adjusting battery under different times, different application environment, the consistency of capacity fluctuation.
Under conditions of varying environment temperature, different degree of agings, battery capacity is caused to reduce the current fluctuation upper limit of Δ Q
I can be determined by offline discharge test, if introducing temperature and aging action in online calculating process, can be looked by off-line data
Table obtains.
SOC calculation formula after then optimizing is as follows:
Wherein,For dynamic capacity, Q is normal capacity.
The present embodiment on original ampere-hour integral algorithm by introducing dynamic capacity and S function, so that electric car bus
Electric current effectively cuts down SOC caused by its current fluctuation and calculates error under conditions of high magnification exports, and improves SOC estimation
Precision.The present embodiment is verified by vehicle dynamics simulation rack shown in Fig. 4, power of the prototype vehicle under NEDC operating condition
Battery power feeds output electric current calculates as shown in fig. 6, NEDC operating condition electric current is injected this paper algoritic module, and output SOC is calculated
Value is with true value as shown in fig. 7, the error of the present embodiment SOC calculated and true value is as shown in figure 8, error result shows
The present embodiment algorithm can effectively ensure that SOC estimation error within 0.11%, effectively raises SOC estimation precision, eliminate
Error is calculated caused by big multiplying power discharging.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step A: discharging to power battery under different current strength, and total capacity and the discharge current for obtaining power battery are strong
The relationship of degree；
Step B: at constant current discharging to power battery, and the stable state open circuit of power battery is measured under different SOC values
Voltage obtains the relationship between SOC value and stable state open-circuit voltage；
Step C: the vehicle driven using simulating table simulation using power battery is under different acceleration and acceleration time
SOC consumption；
Step D: the ampere-hour integral algorithm for introducing S type function and dynamic capacity calculates SOC consumption, and obtained by step C
The parameter of SOC consumption calculating S type function；
Step E: demarcating the parameters relationship of the S type function under different acceleration, obtains S type function relevant to acceleration, is passing
Dynamic capacity and S type function are introduced on the ampere-hour integral algorithm of system, obtain the calculation formula of SOC.
2. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: power electric described in step A
The relationship of pond total capacity and rate of discharge are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate total capacity of the power battery when discharge current is i, βx, x ∈ [1, n] andIt is constant.
3. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: constant with multiple groups respectively
Discharge current is completely put experiment to power battery, and the electric discharge total amount obtained when it reaches discharge cut-off voltage is in the electric current
Under total capacity, be fitted to obtain the constant in formula (1) by interpolation method using experimental data.
4. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: SOC value described in step B
With the relationship between stable state open-circuit voltage are as follows:
Wherein, the SOC value that SOC (U) is steady state voltage when being U, φy, y ∈ [1, n] andFor constant；
Step B obtains multiple groups SOC value and corresponding steady state voltage value by experiment, then fits formula by interpolation method
(2) constant in.
5. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: select acceleration in step C
With acceleration time { (ak,tj) combination n times discharge test is carried out under the conditions of different SOC values, pass through stand after power electric
Pond steady state voltage determines the SOC value after electric discharge, and SOC consumption Δ SOC is obtained compared with the SOC value before electric discharge.
6. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: introduce S type letter in step D
Several and dynamic capacityUtilize S type function and dynamic capacityAmpere-hour integral algorithm SOC consumption is calculated, and enable its with
Δ SOC in step C is equal, i.e.,
Wherein, Δ SOCk,jFor in acceleration ak, acceleration time tjSOC consumption after n times of discharging under combination condition；To formula
(3) it is adjusted to obtain
By fk,j(t) it is expressed as with the relationship of working time t with mathematical function:
F (t)=θl,n·tn+θl,n-1·tn-1+···+θl,1·t+λl (5)
Wherein, l=1,2,3 ..., k, θl,kAnd λlFor constant.
7. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: pass through step C in step E
In experimental data, i.e. Δ SOC and { (ak,tj) corresponding relationship obtain the θ in different acceleration using least square methodl,k
And λlThen numerical value fits θ using interpolation methodl,kAnd λlWith the functional relation of acceleration a, indicate are as follows:
The expression formula of S type function can be obtained based on formula (6), then the calculation formula of SOC is as follows:
Wherein,For dynamic capacity, Q is normal capacity, SOC (t0) be original state SOC value, t is the working time, and I is electric current
Fluctuate upper limit value.
8. a kind of power battery SOC estimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the power battery uses
Programmable DC charge-discharge machine carries out discharge test.
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