CN1102429C - Preparation of superfine zirconia with large specific surface area - Google Patents
Preparation of superfine zirconia with large specific surface area Download PDFInfo
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- CN1102429C CN1102429C CN00105554A CN00105554A CN1102429C CN 1102429 C CN1102429 C CN 1102429C CN 00105554 A CN00105554 A CN 00105554A CN 00105554 A CN00105554 A CN 00105554A CN 1102429 C CN1102429 C CN 1102429C
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910006220 ZrO(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910021512 zirconium (IV) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone oxime Chemical compound ON=C1CCCCC1 VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006237 Beckmann rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNKDXSUXDWGBGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;n-cyclohexylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.ON=C1CCCCC1 UNKDXSUXDWGBGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing superfine zirconium dioxide with a large specific surface area, which comprises: Zr(OH)4/ZrO(OH)2 gel is prepared; then, the Zr(OH)4/ZrO(OH)2 gel is boiled and aged, and then, through the steps of suction, filtration, washing, drying, calcination, etc., a sample of the superfine zirconium dioxide with a large specific surface area is prepared. The superfine ZrO2 with a large specific surface area can be prepared by controlling conditions of boiling temperature, time, system pH values, used alkaline properties, the temperature, the time and the atmosphere for drying and calcination, etc. The ZrO2 prepared by the present invention not only has the advantages of small crystal grain and large specific surface area, but also presents better catalytic performance and carrier effects in a lot of catalytic reactions.
Description
Background technology
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of superfine zirconia with large specific surface area, belong to the chemical catalyst preparing technical field.
Technical field
ZrO
2Because of have acidity, alkalescence and oxidation simultaneously, reducing property is widely used in catalysis technical field (Materials Chem.Phys., 1985,133:47; Catal.Today, 1994,20:185).ZrO
2Showing excellent catalytic performance as catalyst such as aromatic carboxylic acid hydrogenation preparing aldehyde, isomerisation of olefin, diene hydrogenation, alcohols dehydration and in by reaction systems such as synthesis gas preparation isomery hydro carbons separately, the reaction that has has obtained commercial Application.ZrO
2Also can be used as catalyst carrier and many catalyst systems demonstrate preferably carrier effect (Catal.Today, 1994,20:199).For example: JP 4,613, and 700 reports are with ZrO
2For catalyst has successfully been realized industrialization by right-p t butylbenzoic acid and right-corresponding aldehyde of methyl benzoic acid hydrogenation preparing; At ZrO
2The a small amount of SO of middle adding
4 2-Can obtain having the strong solid acid catalyst of super acids character, be used for catalysis isomerization of paraffins reaction (Topics inCatalysis, 1998,6:61); DE 9,400, and 513 reports load on ZrO with Pt
2Can be used for the reaction of preparing synthetic gas by reforming methane with carbon dioxide, used continuously 500 hours and keep active constant.Our laboratory is with " the pure ZrO of supercritical drying
2" the catalysis synthesis gas generates the reaction of isobutene, at 450 ℃, GHSV=1000 h
-1The time, the conversion ratio of CO and the selectivity of isobutene be respectively 29.1%, 35.5% (Proc.of XII Intern.Symp.Alcohol Fuels, Beijing, China, 1998:55).Should " pure ZrO
2" when being used as the catalyst of preparing synthetic gas by reforming methane with carbon dioxide, can make the conversion ratios of methane and carbon dioxide surpass 15% at 800 ℃; Use this ZrO
2When the catalyst of load Ni carries out this reforming reaction, not only show very high activity, and the catalyst anti-carbon deposition ability is strong, at 1030K, GHSV=2.4 * 10
4Under the reaction condition of ml/h.g-cat, used continuously 600 hours, active in decline, (CN 1,234,366A) to have favorable industrial application prospect.In addition, ZrO
2Load B
2O
3To the cyclohexanone oxime Beckmann rearrangement have good catalytic action (Appl.Catal., 1999,188:361).
As everyone knows, the specific area of catalyst is big more, and the catalytic active center that per surface provides is many more, helps the conversion of reactant.For some loaded catalysts, active component is many more in the dispersion amount of carrier surface, its catalytic performance good more (as active and selectivity height), and the specific area of the dispersion amount of active constituent and carrier is closely linked; In addition, the carrier of high-specific surface area has strengthened the appearance charcoal ability of catalyst.Therefore, preparation high-specific surface area ZrO
2Become and improved this class with ZrO
2Be one of approach of the catalyst performance of catalyst or carrier, yet up to now, relevant high-ratio surface ZrO
2The preparation method very few.CN 90108855.4 once disclosed a kind of preparation ZrO
2Method because more, the prepared ZrO of anion that this method is introduced
2Powder is mainly used in the optics purpose, and is not suitable for being applied to catalysis technical field, because most catalytic reaction is highstrung to impurity.People such as G.K.Chuah once attempted adding hot reflux Zr (OH) in ammonia spirit under normal pressure
4(the zirconium source is ZrCl to hydrogel
4) with preparation high-specific surface area ZrO
2(Appl.Catal., 1996,145:267), but prepared ZrO
2Presoma Zr (OH)
4Owing to after high-temperature roasting, very easily take place to reunite to cause prepared ZrO
2Crystal grain is big, specific area is still not high enough.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of ultra-fine high-specific surface area ZrO
2The preparation method, use prepared ZrO
2Make catalyst or catalyst carrier, obtain some chemical reaction is had the new catalyst of good catalytic effect.
The preparation method of the superfine zirconia with large specific surface area that the present invention proposes comprises following each step:
(1) water miscible zirconates being mixed with concentration is that the aqueous solution of 0.5～4mol/L is standby, and the solubility zirconates (is ZrO
2Raw material) can be ZrOCl
2, ZrO (NO
3)
2And various hydrates, other inorganic salts that also can be zirconium are (as ZrCl
4, Zr (NO
3)
4) etc.
(2) the preparation aqueous slkali is standby, and aqueous slkali comprises that concentration is the NH of 0.2-2mol/L
3, KOH and the NaOH aqueous solution or the mixed liquor of two or more alkali wherein.
(3) under the condition of continuous stirring, drop to the zirconium salt solution for preparing in the aqueous slkali or alkali lye dripped to zirconium salt solution with the speed of 2-3ml/min and make Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel.
(4) make Zr (OH) after suction filtration or the centrifugation
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Gel adds a certain amount of alkali lye again, or directly alkali lye is added to Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2In the hydrogel, the system pH value of making maintains 8.5-13.5, and continuous stirring speed be 100-500rpm, temperature 60-150 ℃ with pressure 0.1-0.5Mpa under boiling 5-100 hour.
(5) spend Zr (OH) after the deionised water boiling
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is to using 0.1M AgNO
3Solution detects less than Cl
-Till, or the ratio electricity of cleaning solution lead＜10
-5Ω
-1m
-1, suction filtration or centrifugation, then at temperature 60-150 ℃ in static state or flow air or N
2In dry 8-20 hour, last roasting gets the ZrO of ultra-fine high-specific surface area
2, roasting condition is: temperature 450-900 ℃, and heating rate 2-20 ℃/min, 4-15 hour constant temperature calcining time, static state or flow air or N
2In the atmosphere.
Can make the minimum ZrO with the specific area maximum of crystal grain up to now with the inventive method
2, and can control ZrO as required
2Grain size, crystalline phase and specific area.The prepared ZrO of the present invention
2In catalytic reactions such as gas phase cyclohexanone oxime Beckmann rearrangement synthesis of caprolactam, preparing synthetic gas by reforming methane with carbon dioxide, show excellent carrier effect.
The specific embodiment
Below introduce embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment 1: take by weighing 69.3g ZrOCl
28H
2O is mixed with the aqueous solution of 0.5M, and the concentrated ammonia liquor of 50ml mass concentration 25% is diluted to the solution of 0.2M, and the ammonia spirit of getting 200ml 0.2M places there-necked flask as precipitating reagent, under vigorous stirring, splashes into ZrOCl with 0.5ml/min
2The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is that the ammonia spirit of 0.2M adds to Zr (OH) then with concentration
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel makes the PH=8.5 of system, and be 100rpm, pressure 0.1MPa and 60 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 5 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 60 ℃ in moving air dry 8 hours, 450 ℃ of roastings 4 hours in moving air, 2 ℃/min of roasting heating rate, gained ZrO
2Specific area be 260m
2/ g, average grain diameter 8.3nm.
Embodiment 2: take by weighing 69.3g ZrOCl
28H
2O is mixed with the aqueous solution of 1.0M, and the concentrated ammonia liquor of 100ml mass concentration 25% is diluted to the solution of 0.6M, and the ammonia spirit of getting 200ml 0.6M places autoclave as precipitating reagent, under vigorous stirring, splashes into ZrOCl with 1ml/min
2The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is that the ammonia spirit of 0.6M adds to Zr (OH) then with concentration
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel makes system PH=9.5, and be 200rpm, pressure 0.2MPa and 80 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 15 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 80 ℃ in flowing nitrogen dry 8 hours, at 500 ℃ of roastings 10 hours in flowing nitrogen, 5 ℃/min of roasting heating rate.Gained ZrO
2Specific area be 285m
2/ g, average grain diameter 7.8nm.
Embodiment 3: take by weighing 69.3g ZrO (NO
3)
2Be mixed with the aqueous solution of 1.5M, the concentrated ammonia liquor of 100ml mass concentration 25% is diluted to the solution of 1.0M, and mixes, get this mixed liquor of 200ml and place autoclave as precipitating reagent with the NaOH solution of isopyknic 1.0M, under vigorous stirring, splash into ZrO (NO with 1.5ml/min
3)
2The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel adds mixed alkali liquor then to Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel makes system PH=10.5, and be 300rpm, pressure 0.3MPa and 90 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 30 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 100 ℃ in flowing nitrogen dry 13 hours, at 600 ℃ of roastings 12 hours in moving air, 10 ℃/min of roasting heating rate.Gained ZrO
2Specific area be 325m
2/ g, average grain diameter 6.2nm.
Embodiment 4: take by weighing 69.3g Zr (NO respectively
3)
4Be mixed with the Zr (NO of 2.0M with 40g NaOH
3)
4The NaOH aqueous solution of solution and 1.5M is diluted to the solution of 1.5M with the concentrated ammonia liquor of 100ml mass concentration 25%, gets this ammoniacal liquor of 200ml and places autoclave as precipitating reagent, under vigorous stirring, splashes into Zr (NO with 2.0ml/min
3)
4The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is that the NaOH solution of 1.5M adds to Zr (OH) then with concentration
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel makes system PH=11.5, and be 400rpm, pressure 0.4MPa and 110 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 50 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 120 ℃ in still air dry 16 hours, at 700 ℃ of roastings 12 hours in moving air, 14 ℃/min of roasting heating rate.Gained ZrO
2Specific area be 295m
2/ g, average grain diameter 7.6nm.
Embodiment 5: take by weighing 69.3g Zr (NO
3)
4Be mixed with the aqueous solution of 2.0M, 40g NaOH is mixed with the solution of 2.0M, get this NaOH solution of 200ml and place autoclave, under vigorous stirring, splash into Zr (NO with 3.0ml/min as precipitating reagent
3)
4The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is that 2.0MNaOH adds to Zr (OH) then with concentration
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel maintenance system PH=12.5, in continuous stirring speed is 500rpm, pressure 0.5MPa and 130 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 70 hours, at last 140 ℃ in moving air dry 18 hours, at 800 ℃ of roastings 15 hours in flowing nitrogen, 20 ℃/min of roasting heating rate.Gained ZrO
2Specific area be 250m
2/ g, average grain diameter 8.7nm.
Embodiment 6: take by weighing 69.3g ZrOCl
28H
2O is mixed with the aqueous solution of 0.5M, the concentrated ammonia liquor of 80ml mass concentration 25% is diluted to the solution of 2M, and mixes, get this mixed alkali liquor of 200ml and place there-necked flask as precipitating reagent with the KOH solution of isopyknic 2M, under vigorous stirring, splash into ZrOCl with 3ml/min
2The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel, and then add mixed alkali liquor to Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel maintenance system PH=13.5, and be 500rpm, pressure 0.1MPa and 100 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 80 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 150 ℃ in moving air dry 20 hours, 900 ℃ of roastings 15 hours in moving air, 20 ℃/min of roasting heating rate, gained ZrO
2Specific area be 200m
2/ g, average grain diameter 9.7nm.
Embodiment 7: take by weighing 69.3g ZrOCl
28H
2O is mixed with the aqueous solution of 4M, and 56g KOH is mixed with 2M, gets 200ml and places autoclave as precipitating reagent, under vigorous stirring, splashes into ZrOCl with 3ml/min
2The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel, and then to add concentration be that the KOH solution of 2M is to Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel maintenance system PH=13.0, and be 400rpm, pressure 0.1MPa and 150 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 100 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 150 ℃ in moving air dry 10 hours, 800 ℃ of roastings 15 hours in moving air, 20 ℃/min of roasting heating rate, gained ZrO
2Specific area be 210m
2/ g, average grain diameter 9.4nm.
Embodiment 8: take by weighing 69.3g ZrCl
4Be mixed with the aqueous solution of 2.0M, 40g NaOH is mixed with the solution of 2.0M, get 200ml and place autoclave, under vigorous stirring, splash into Zr (NO with 1.5ml/min as precipitating reagent
3)
4The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel adds to Zr (OH) with concentration for 2.0M NaOH then
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel maintenance system PH=12.5, and be 350rpm, pressure 0.2MPa and 150 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 100 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 140 ℃ in moving air dry 20 hours, at 500 ℃ of roastings 15 hours in moving air, 10 ℃/min of roasting heating rate.Gained ZrO
2Specific area be 350m
2/ g, average grain diameter 6.0nm.
Embodiment 9: take by weighing 69.3g Zr (NO
3)
4Be mixed with the aqueous solution of 4.0M, 60g KOH is made into the solution of 1.5M, get 200ml and place there-necked flask, under vigorous stirring, splash into ZrOCl with 3ml/min as precipitating reagent
2The aqueous solution makes Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is that the KOH solution of 1.5M adds to Zr (OH) then with concentration
2/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel makes system PH=13.5, and be 500rpm, 0.1MPa and 100 ℃ of following boilings of temperature 80 hours in continuous stirring speed, at last 150 ℃ in moving air dry 10 hours, 450 ℃ of roastings 10 hours in moving air, 7 ℃/min of roasting heating rate, gained ZrO
2Specific area be 450m
2/ g, average grain diameter 5.0nm.
Embodiment 10: measure the ZrO that a certain amount of 4% boric acid aqueous solution dipping 3g makes according to embodiment 9 described methods
2, stirring under the room temperature after 2 hours, rotary evaporation is to doing, and 600 ℃ of roastings 10 hours in still air, makes B then
2O
3/ ZrO
2(chemical titration is analyzed B to catalyst
2O
3Percentage by weight is 20%, and specific surface area of catalyst is 260m
2/ g), with B
2O
3/ ZrO
2Behind the catalyst compressing tablet, be broken into 40～80 purpose particles, getting 1.6g, to place internal diameter be the glass reactor of 10ml, carries out the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime on self-built reaction unit, before the reaction earlier at 350 ℃ of N
2Pretreatment catalyst is 1.5 hours under the atmosphere, is cooled to 300 ℃ then, and uses CO
210% cyclohexanone oxime benzole soln is brought in the reactor, and the air speed of reactant cyclohexanone oxime is WHSV=0.32h
-1Reaction result is: the initial conversion of cyclohexanone oxime reaches 100%, the caprolactam selectivity reaches 97%, keeping the cyclohexanone oxime conversion ratio is not less than 85% and is not less than one way reaction time of 95% with the caprolactam selectivity and is not less than 30 hours, decaying catalyst is after regeneration repeatedly, performance is constant substantially, and the accumulation reaction time is above 200 hours.
Embodiment 11: take by weighing given commodity Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O is mixed with 10% the aqueous solution, with this Ni (NO
3)
2Solution impregnation is according to the ZrO of embodiment 9 described method preparations
2, the dipping system is in stirring at room after 2 hours, and rotary evaporation is to doing, then in 110 ℃ of dryings 12 hours.Dried sample moves into Muffle furnace 650 ℃ of roastings 5 hours, makes nickel content (Ni wt%) and be 15% Ni/ZrO
2Catalyst, its specific area are 210m
2/ g.With this catalyst α-Al
2O
3After 2: 5 dilution proportion, grind compressing tablet, be broken into 20～40 purpose particles, getting 700mg, to place internal diameter be the quartz tube reactor of 10ml, carries out the evaluation of preparing synthetic gas by reforming methane with carbon dioxide reactivity on self-built atmospheric fixed bed flow reactor.Catalyst is used H before reaction
2/ N
2The gaseous mixture of (1: 9) is warming up to 757 ℃ then in 700 ℃ of reduction 3 hours.Under normal pressure, with the flow velocity of 80ml/min with CO
2/ CH
4(1: 1) feeds reactor, air speed GHSV=2.4 * 10
4Ml/hg-cat, gas chromatographic detection tail gas is formed.Reaction result shows that methane conversion is 90%, and after catalyst used 100 hours, not seeing had any decline.
Comparative Examples 1: the commodity zirconium oxychloride ZrOCl that will contain the crystallization water
28H
2It is that the aqueous solution of 0.05～0.5mol/L is standby that O is mixed with concentration, is the solution that 25% commodity ammoniacal liquor is diluted to 2M with concentration, under the condition of continuous stirring, with the speed of 3ml/min with the ZrOCl for preparing
2The aqueous solution is added drop-wise in this precipitating reagent, and the final pH value of controlling solution simultaneously is 9.5.Dropwise the back and continue to stir 0.5 hour, left standstill aging 12 hours, suction filtration, being washed till with deionized water does not have Cl substantially
-1, obtain Zr (OH) behind the suction filtration
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel.Then at 600 ℃ of roastings 10 hours, gained ZrO
2Specific area be 100m
2/ g, granular size is 80nm.
Comparative Examples 2: measure the ZrO that a certain amount of 4% boric acid aqueous solution dipping 3g makes according to Comparative Examples 1 described method
2, stirring under the room temperature after 2 hours, rotary evaporation is to doing, and 600 ℃ of roastings 10 hours in still air, makes B then
2O
3/ ZrO
2(chemical titration is analyzed B to catalyst
2O
3Percentage by weight is 20%, and specific surface area of catalyst is 65m
2/ g), with B
2O
3/ ZrO
2Behind the catalyst compressing tablet, be broken into 40～80 purpose particles, getting 1.6g, to place internal diameter be the glass reactor of 10ml, carries out the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime on self-built reaction unit, before the reaction earlier at 350 ℃ of N
2Pretreatment catalyst is 1.5 hours under the atmosphere, is cooled to 300 ℃ then, and uses CO
210% cyclohexanone oxime benzole soln is brought in the reactor, and the air speed of reactant cyclohexanone oxime is WHSV=0.32h
-1Catalyst performance evaluation result is: reacted preceding 1 hour, and cyclohexanone oxime conversion ratio 100%, caprolactam selectivity 90%, and keep the cyclohexanone oxime conversion ratio and be not less than 85% and be not less than 90% and reach 6 hours with the caprolactam selectivity; After the decaying catalyst regeneration 3 times, the cyclohexanone oxime initial conversion has reduced to 80% and 85% in the caprolactam selectivity, and keep the cyclohexanone oxime conversion ratio be not less than 80% and the caprolactam selectivity be not less than 85% and reach 4 hours.
Comparative Examples 3: get given commodity Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O is mixed with 10% the aqueous solution, with this Ni (NO
3)
2Solution impregnation is by the ZrO of Comparative Examples 1 described method preparation
2, the dipping system is in stirring at room after 2 hours, rotary evaporation as for, then 110 ℃ of dryings are 12 hours.Dried sample moves into Muffle furnace 650 ℃ of roastings 5 hours, makes nickel content (Ni wt%) and be 15% Ni/ZrO
2Catalyst, the specific area of this catalyst are 45m
2/ g.With this catalyst α-Al
2O
3After 2: 5 dilution proportion, grind compressing tablet, be broken into 20～40 purpose particles, getting 700mg, to place internal diameter be the quartz tube reactor of 10ml, carries out the evaluation of preparing synthetic gas by reforming methane with carbon dioxide reactivity on self-built atmospheric fixed bed flow reactor.Catalyst is used H before reaction
2/ N
2The gaseous mixture of (1: 9) is warming up to 757 ℃ then in 700 ℃ of reduction 3 hours.Under normal pressure, with the flow velocity of 80ml/min with CO
2/ CH
4(1: 1) feeds reactor, air speed GHSV=2.4 * 10
4Ml/hg-cat, gas chromatographic detection tail gas is formed.Reaction result shows that the initial conversion of methane is 87%, but after using 50 hours, methane conversion drops to 60%.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of preparation method of superfine zirconia with large specific surface area is characterized in that, this method comprises following each step:
(1) water miscible zirconates being mixed with concentration is that the aqueous solution of 0.5～4mol/L is standby;
(2) the preparation aqueous slkali is standby, and aqueous slkali comprises that a kind of concentration is the NH of 0.2-2mol/L
3, KOH and NaOH the aqueous solution or the mixed liquor of two or more alkali wherein;
(3) under the condition of continuous stirring, drop to the zirconium salt solution for preparing in the aqueous slkali or alkali lye dripped to zirconium salt solution with the speed of 2-3ml/min and make Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel;
(4) make Zr (OH) after suction filtration or the centrifugation
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Gel adds a certain amount of alkali lye again, or directly alkali lye is added to Zr (OH)
4/ ZrO (OH)
2In the hydrogel, the system pH value of making maintains 8.5-13.5, and continuous stirring speed be 100-500rpm, temperature 60-150 ℃ with pressure 0.1-0.5Mpa under boiling 5-100 hour;
(5) spend Zr (OH) after the deionised water boiling
4/ ZrO (OH)
2Hydrogel is to using 0.1M AgNO
3Solution detects less than Cl
-Till, or the ratio electricity of cleaning solution lead＜10
-5Ω
-1m
-1, suction filtration or centrifugation, then at temperature 60-150 ℃ in static state or flow air or N
2In dry 8-20 hour, at last at temperature 450-900 ℃, heating rate 2-20 ℃/min, static state or flow air or N under the constant temperature
2In the atmosphere roasting 4-15 hour, promptly get the ZrO of ultra-fine high-specific surface area of the present invention
2
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| CN100336730C (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2007-09-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Preparation process for superfine powder of zirconium oxide |
| EP1669325A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-14 | Kerr-McGee Pigments GmbH | Fine Lead-Zirkonium-Titanates and Zirconium-Titanates and method of production using Titaniumdioxide hydrate particles with a specific surface >50 m^2/g |
| CN103290352B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-09-09 | 广西旭腾实业集团有限公司 | A kind of spraying method prepares the method for Zirconium oxide heat barrier coating |
| CN111217606A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-02 | 东莞市永笃纳米科技有限公司 | Zirconia micro-bead nano material and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5380691A (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1995-01-10 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Catalytic microporous zirconia particulates |
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