CN110238698B - Machining method and machining equipment for automatically matching workpiece machining program - Google Patents

Machining method and machining equipment for automatically matching workpiece machining program Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110238698B
CN110238698B CN201910439185.9A CN201910439185A CN110238698B CN 110238698 B CN110238698 B CN 110238698B CN 201910439185 A CN201910439185 A CN 201910439185A CN 110238698 B CN110238698 B CN 110238698B
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workpiece
size
processing
actual
actual size
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CN110238698A (en
Inventor
胡斌
李本章
赵志毅
戴畅
邓超
赵剑
陈根余
陈焱
高云峰
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Han's laser intelligent equipment technology (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
Han s Laser Technology Industry Group Co Ltd
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Han s Laser Technology Industry Group Co Ltd
Hans Laser Smart Equipment Group Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/38Removing material by boring or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the field of industrial automatic production and discloses a processing method and processing equipment for automatically matching a workpiece processing program, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: the control system is preset with a plurality of processing programs which are within a set size range and correspond to different size sections, controls the clamping mechanism to clamp the workpiece, measures and calculates the actual size of the workpiece through the data acquisition assembly, compares the actual size of the workpiece with the set size range, and selects the processing program of the corresponding size section to process according to the actual size of the workpiece if the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range. The invention matches the optimal processing program by means of detection and screening to reduce or eliminate the actual processing error of the workpiece.

Description

Machining method and machining equipment for automatically matching workpiece machining program
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of industrial automatic production, and particularly relates to a processing method and processing equipment for automatically matching a workpiece processing program.
Background
At present, a plurality of domestic pipe production processes are not ideal enough, the nominal pipe specification is often not matched with the actual size (the pipe with the same specification can have the deviation of dozens of wires), and the processing program operated by a common numerical control system of the laser pipe cutting machine is programmed according to the standard pipe specification in advance, so that the size and the size of a processed workpiece have the deviation, the contour position precision does not reach the standard, even the workpiece is directly scrapped and cannot be used, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve at least one of the above problems and provides a processing method and a processing apparatus for automatically matching a workpiece processing program, which match an optimal processing program by means of detection and screening to reduce or eliminate an actual processing error of a workpiece.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a processing method for automatically matching a workpiece processing program comprises the following steps: the control system is preset with a plurality of processing programs which are within a set size range and correspond to different size sections, controls the clamping mechanism to clamp the workpiece, measures and calculates the actual size of the workpiece through the data acquisition assembly, compares the actual size of the workpiece with the set size range, and selects the processing program of the corresponding size section to process according to the actual size of the workpiece if the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range.
Optionally, the data acquisition assembly is operable to measure the actual size of the workpiece as follows:
the data acquisition assembly acquires analog quantity data of the workpiece and calculates the actual size of the workpiece according to the formula y ═ ax + b, wherein x is the analog quantity data, a is 0.029, and b is 135.4.
Optionally, the analog data includes width analog data and height analog data of the workpiece.
Alternatively, a plurality of size segments are divided at set intervals within the set size range, and a corresponding machining program is set for an intermediate value of each of the size segments.
Optionally, the set size range is the standard size of the workpiece plus an allowable size deviation, and the absolute values of the upper deviation and the lower deviation of the size deviation are equal.
Optionally, the dimensional deviation is 1mm, with an upper deviation of +0.5mm and a lower deviation of-0.5 mm.
Alternatively, the operation of selecting the machining program of the corresponding size section according to the actual size of the workpiece is as follows:
comparing the actual size of the workpiece with the standard size of the workpiece to obtain a comparison difference, judging whether the comparison difference is within the allowable size deviation of the workpiece, if so, screening out a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece from a plurality of size sections, finally calling a machining program corresponding to the size section for machining, and if not, stopping machining;
or comparing the actual size of the workpiece with the set size range, judging whether the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range, if the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range, screening a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece from the multiple size sections, and finally calling a machining program corresponding to the size section for machining.
Alternatively, if the actual size of the workpiece is outside the set size range, the machining is stopped.
The invention also provides a processing device, which comprises a clamping mechanism with a workpiece clamping function, wherein the clamping mechanism is provided with a data acquisition assembly for measuring and calculating the actual size of the workpiece, the processing device also comprises a control system which is preset with a plurality of processing programs within a set size range and corresponding to different size sections and selects the processing program of the corresponding size section according to the actual size of the workpiece for processing, and the data acquisition assembly is in communication connection with the control system.
Optionally, the data acquisition assembly includes a horizontal data acquisition unit for acquiring workpiece width data analog quantity and a vertical data acquisition unit for acquiring workpiece height data analog quantity, and the horizontal data acquisition unit and the vertical data acquisition unit are linear displacement sensors or ultrasonic sensors.
The invention provides a processing method and processing equipment for automatically matching workpiece processing programs. The invention has the following advantages:
1. the product diversity is good, and the method can be suitable for workpieces of various specifications;
2. errors caused by non-standard raw material workpieces can be effectively reduced or eliminated, the machining precision is improved, meanwhile, wrong workpiece types can be prevented from being machined, and the safety and reliability are good;
3. the practicability and the flexibility are good, the installation is simple, the use is simple and convenient, and the matching rule can be flexibly set.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a processing method for automatically matching a workpiece processing program according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping mechanism in a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a linear relationship diagram of x and y in the formula y ═ ax + b in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, directly disposed or connected, or indirectly disposed or connected through intervening elements or intervening structures.
In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, if there are terms of orientation or positional relationship indicated by "longitudinal direction", "lateral direction", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the conventional placement state or use state, and it does not indicate or imply that the structures, features, devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation or positional relationship or must not be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, it is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The various features and embodiments described in the embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, for example, different embodiments may be formed by combining different features/embodiments, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations of features/embodiments in the present invention will not be described in detail.
The embodiment of the invention provides a processing method for automatically matching workpiece processing programs, which comprises the following steps: the automatic processing mode of the processing equipment is started, a plurality of processing programs which are within a set size range and correspond to different size sections are preset in a control system, a clamping mechanism 1 automatically clamps a workpiece 2 under the control of the control system, the actual size of the workpiece 2 is measured and calculated through a data acquisition assembly 3, the actual size of the workpiece is compared with the set size range, if the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range, the size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece 2 is screened out of the size sections, the processing program corresponding to the size section is called to process the workpiece 2, the processing error caused by the fact that the size of the workpiece is not standard is reduced, and the processing precision is effectively improved.
Optionally, the operation of the data acquisition assembly 3 to estimate the actual size of the workpiece 2 is as follows:
the data acquisition assembly 3 acquires analog quantity data of the workpiece 2, and calculates the actual size of the workpiece 2 according to the formula y ═ ax + b, wherein x is the analog quantity data acquired by the data acquisition assembly 3, x is a negative value, a is 0.029, b is 135.4, and y is the actual size and has the unit of mm.
In one embodiment, the data acquisition assembly 3 acquires the diameter analog data x of the round pipe, and the actual diameter of the round pipe can be calculated according to the formula y of 0.029x +135.4, and the linear relationship between x and y is shown in fig. 3, wherein the abscissa represents the analog data, the ordinate represents the actual size, and the specific values of x and y are as follows:
x y
analog data Actual length (mm)
-4324.127931 10
-3979.310345 20
-3634.482759 30
-3289.655172 40
-2944.827586 50
-2600 60
-2255.172414 70
-1910.344828 80
-1565.517241 90
-1220.689655 100
Optionally, the analog quantity data includes width analog quantity data and height analog quantity data of the workpiece 2, and comprehensiveness of acquisition of the analog quantity data is ensured, so that actual dimensional accuracy of the workpiece 2 is ensured. In practical application, when the workpiece is a circular pipe, the width analog quantity data and the height analog quantity data are both diameter analog quantity data.
Optionally, a plurality of size sections are equally divided at set intervals in the set size range, a corresponding machining program is set according to the intermediate value of each size section, the set range of the workpiece 2 is further divided in detail, the optimal size section can be matched according to the actual size, and the machining precision is effectively improved.
In another embodiment, the allowable dimensional deviation of the workpiece is divided equally into a plurality of deviation sections at set intervals, and a corresponding machining program is set at the median value of each deviation section.
Alternatively, the set interval may be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.5mm, or the like.
Optionally, the set size range is the standard size of the workpiece plus an allowable size deviation, the absolute values of an upper deviation and a lower deviation of the size deviation are equal, the size deviation is 1mm, the upper deviation is +0.5mm, and the lower deviation is-0.5 mm. Of course, it is understood that the allowable dimensional deviation of the workpiece 2 may be different according to the actual processing requirement, and may also be other suitable values, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, etc.
Alternatively, the operation of selecting the machining program of the corresponding size section according to the actual size of the workpiece 2 is as follows:
comparing the actual size of the workpiece 2 with the standard size of the workpiece to obtain a comparison difference, and determining whether the comparison difference is within the allowable size deviation of the workpiece 2, if so, for example: the actual size of the circular tube is 52.6mm, the standard size of the circular tube is 53mm, the allowable size deviation is +/-0.5 mm, the comparison difference value between the actual size of the workpiece 2 and the standard size of the workpiece is-0.4 mm, and the comparison difference value of-0.4 mm is in the range of +/-0.5 mm, so that the actual size of the workpiece 2 meets the processing requirement, in order to ensure the processing precision, the actual size of the workpiece 2 needs to be further confirmed, a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece 2 is screened out from a plurality of size sections in the set size range, and a processing program corresponding to the size section is called for processing;
in practical applications, the allowable dimensional deviation of the workpiece 2 may be divided into a plurality of deviation sections at regular intervals, and a corresponding machining program is set according to the median value of each deviation section, and the operation of further confirming the actual dimension of the workpiece 2 is as follows: a deviation section matching the comparison difference (i.e., a deviation section closest to the comparison difference) is selected from a plurality of deviation sections within the allowable dimensional deviation of the workpiece 2, and a machining program corresponding to the deviation section is called to machine the workpiece 2.
Or, directly comparing the actual size of the workpiece 2 with the set size range, and determining whether the actual size of the workpiece 2 is within the set size range, if the actual size of the workpiece 2 is within the set size range, for example: the actual size of the round pipe is 52.6mm, the standard size of the round pipe is 53mm, and the allowable size deviation is +/-0.5 mm, namely the set size range of the round pipe is 52.5mm-53.5mm, and the actual size of the round pipe is 52.6 mm-53.5mm, which indicates that the actual size of the workpiece 2 meets the processing requirement, in order to ensure the processing precision, the actual size of the workpiece 2 needs to be further confirmed, a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece 2 is screened out from a plurality of size sections in the set size range, and a processing program corresponding to the size section is called for processing.
Alternatively, if the actual size of the workpiece 2 is outside the set size range, i.e., the actual size of the workpiece 2 does not meet the machining requirement, the machining apparatus issues an alarm and stops.
In the invention, a round pipe with a standard diameter of 63mm is taken as an example, the processing flow refers to fig. 1, wherein the allowable size deviation of the round pipe is +/-0.5 mm, namely the set size range is 62.5mm-63.5mm, the set size range is 0.1mm as an interval, the set size range is divided equally to obtain ten diameter sections, a control system records the ten diameter sections and manufactures ten processing programs with different diameters according to the middle value of each diameter section, during processing, a clamping mechanism clamps and fixes the round pipe, diameter analog quantity data of the round pipe are acquired through horizontal linear displacement sensing and vertical linear displacement sensing, the control system calculates the actual size of the round pipe according to the formula y of 0.029x +135.4, the actual size of the round pipe is compared with the set size range in the control system, whether the actual diameter of the round pipe is within the range of 62.5mm-63.5mm is judged, if the actual diameter of the round pipe is in the range of 62.5mm-63.5mm, the control system screens out a diameter section which is closest to the actual diameter of the round pipe from the ten diameter sections, and calls a processing program corresponding to the diameter section to process the round pipe. And if the actual diameter of the round pipe is out of the range of 62.5mm-63.5mm, the processing equipment alarms and stops. The specific matching form of the actual diameter of the circular tube and each diameter section is as follows:
when 62.5mm < actual diameter <62.6mm, matching the processing program with the diameter of 62.55 mm;
when 62.6mm < actual diameter <62.7mm, matching the machining program with the diameter of 62.65 mm;
when 62.7mm < actual diameter <62.8mm, matching the processing program with the diameter of 62.75 mm;
when 62.8mm < actual diameter <62.9mm, matching the machining program with the diameter of 62.85 mm;
when 62.9mm < actual diameter <63.0mm, matching a machining program with the diameter of 62.95 mm;
when the diameter of 63.0mm is less than the actual diameter of 63.1mm, a machining program with the diameter of 63.05mm is matched;
when the diameter of 63.1mm < the actual diameter <63.2mm, matching a machining program with the diameter of 63.15 mm;
when the diameter of 63.2mm < the actual diameter <63.3mm, matching a machining program with the diameter of 63.25 mm;
when the diameter of 63.3mm < the actual diameter <63.4mm, matching a machining program with the diameter of 63.35 mm;
when 63.4mm < actual diameter <63.5mm, a machining program with a diameter of 63.45mm is matched.
In practice, the allowable dimensional deviations and the setting intervals of the workpiece 2 can be preset and programmed by the control system.
The invention also provides a processing device, which comprises a clamping mechanism 1 with a workpiece 2, wherein the clamping mechanism 1 is provided with a data acquisition component 3 for measuring and calculating the actual size of the workpiece 2, the processing device also comprises a control system which is preset with a plurality of processing programs within a set size range and corresponding to different size sections and selects the processing program of the corresponding size section according to the actual size of the workpiece for processing, and the data acquisition component 3 is in communication connection with the control system. When the clamping mechanism works, the clamping mechanism 1 automatically clamps the workpiece 2 under the control of the control system, after the workpiece 2 is clamped and fixed, the analog quantity data of the workpiece 2 is collected through the data collection assembly 3, the actual size (such as the width and height size of the workpiece 2) of the workpiece 2 is calculated according to the analog quantity data, the actual size of the workpiece 2 is compared with the set size range, whether the type or/and size of the workpiece meets the machining requirement is determined, if the actual size of the workpiece 2 is within the set size range, the workpiece 2 meets the machining requirement is indicated, the control system screens out a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece 2, a machining program corresponding to the size section is called to machine the workpiece 2, and if the actual size of the workpiece 2 is out of the set size range, the control system gives an alarm and controls the machining equipment to stop. The invention reduces or eliminates the processing error by matching the optimal processing program in a detection and screening mode, and effectively improves the processing precision. The processing equipment can be a numerical control machine tool with a computer numerical control function, numerical control milling equipment and the like.
Optionally, the data acquisition assembly 3 includes a horizontal data acquirer 31 for acquiring width data analog quantity of the workpiece 2 and a vertical data acquirer 32 for acquiring height data analog quantity of the workpiece 2, so as to ensure comprehensiveness of analog quantity data acquisition, and the horizontal data acquirer 31 and the vertical data acquirer 32 are linear displacement sensors or ultrasonic sensors, which have high detection accuracy and good stability.
Alternatively, the linear displacement sensor or the ultrasonic sensor may be fixed to the holding mechanism 11 by a mounting bracket.
Alternatively, the clamping mechanism 1 may be a chuck.
According to the processing method and the processing equipment for automatically matching the workpiece processing program, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the analog quantity data of the workpiece 2 is acquired through the data acquisition component 3, the actual size of the workpiece 2 is calculated, the actual size of the workpiece 2 is compared with a plurality of size sections within a set size range for analysis, the size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece is screened out, and the processing program corresponding to the size section is called for processing. The invention has the following advantages:
1. the product diversity is good, and the method can be suitable for workpieces of various specifications;
2. errors caused by non-standard raw material workpieces can be effectively reduced or eliminated, the machining precision is improved, meanwhile, wrong workpiece types can be prevented from being machined, and the safety and reliability are good;
3. the practicability and the flexibility are good, the installation is simple, the use is simple and convenient, and the matching rule can be flexibly set.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A processing method for automatically matching a workpiece processing program is characterized by comprising the following steps: the control system is preset with a plurality of processing programs which are within a set size range and correspond to different size sections, controls the clamping mechanism to clamp the workpiece, measures and calculates the actual size of the workpiece through the data acquisition assembly, compares the actual size of the workpiece with the set size range, and selects the processing program of the corresponding size section to process according to the actual size of the workpiece if the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range; the data acquisition assembly is used for measuring and calculating the actual size of the workpiece as follows: the data acquisition assembly acquires analog quantity data of the workpiece and calculates the actual size of the workpiece according to the formula y ═ ax + b, wherein x is the analog quantity data, a is 0.029, and b is 135.4.
2. The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the analog data includes width analog data and height analog data of the workpiece.
3. The machining method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of size sections are divided at set intervals within the set size range, and a corresponding machining program is set according to a median value of each of the size sections.
4. A machining method according to claim 3 in which said set range of dimensions is the workpiece standard dimension plus an allowable dimensional deviation, the absolute values of the upper and lower deviations of said dimensional deviation being equal.
5. The machining method according to claim 4, wherein the dimensional deviation is 1mm, wherein the upper deviation is +0.5mm, and the lower deviation is-0.5 mm.
6. A processing method of automatically matching a processing program of a workpiece as set forth in claim 4, wherein the operation of selecting the processing program of the corresponding size section according to the actual size of the workpiece is as follows: comparing the actual size of the workpiece with the standard size of the workpiece to obtain a comparison difference, judging whether the comparison difference is within the allowable size deviation of the workpiece, if so, screening out a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece from a plurality of size sections, finally calling a machining program corresponding to the size section for machining, and if not, stopping machining; or comparing the actual size of the workpiece with the set size range, judging whether the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range, if the actual size of the workpiece is within the set size range, screening a size section matched with the actual size of the workpiece from the multiple size sections, and finally calling a machining program corresponding to the size section for machining.
7. A processing method of automatically matching a processing program of a workpiece as set forth in claim 1, wherein the processing is stopped if the actual size of the workpiece is out of the set size range.
8. The processing equipment is characterized by comprising a clamping mechanism for clamping a workpiece, a control system and a data acquisition component, wherein the clamping mechanism is provided with the data acquisition component for measuring and calculating the actual size of the workpiece, the control system is preset with a plurality of processing programs which are within a set size range and correspond to different size sections and selects the processing program corresponding to the size section according to the actual size of the workpiece for processing, and the data acquisition component is in communication connection with the control system; in the processing process of the data acquisition assembly, the operation of measuring and calculating the actual size of the workpiece is as follows: the data acquisition assembly acquires analog quantity data of the workpiece and calculates the actual size of the workpiece according to the formula y ═ ax + b, wherein x is the analog quantity data, a is 0.029, and b is 135.4.
9. The processing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the data acquisition assembly comprises a horizontal data acquisition unit for acquiring analog quantity of width data of the workpiece and a vertical data acquisition unit for acquiring analog quantity of height data of the workpiece, and the horizontal data acquisition unit and the vertical data acquisition unit are linear displacement sensors or ultrasonic sensors.
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