CN110238346A - The method of green casting vehicle turbocharger shell - Google Patents
The method of green casting vehicle turbocharger shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110238346A CN110238346A CN201910648902.9A CN201910648902A CN110238346A CN 110238346 A CN110238346 A CN 110238346A CN 201910648902 A CN201910648902 A CN 201910648902A CN 110238346 A CN110238346 A CN 110238346A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
- B22C21/02—Sectional flasks, i.e. with divided, articulated, or interchangeable side sections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/086—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/088—Feeder heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
- B22C9/108—Installation of cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/20—Stack moulds, i.e. arrangement of multiple moulds or flasks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
- B22D15/02—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of green casting vehicle turbocharger shell, can significantly save roughing sand resource using the present invention, reduce foundry engieering difficulty.The technical scheme is that: moulding is carried out using traditional tide mould sand, in sand mold centered on sprue, is arranged symmetrically one case four sandbox；Sprue is connected to cope and drag box, and cross gate is arranged in sprue bottom end, and the well that vertical sectional shape is rectangle is arranged in end, while in cross gate distal end setting ingate, and each volute casting passes through two ingates and is connected to volute casting；The core under the sand core on symmetrical sprue both sides places ceramic filter and with type chill, completes coremaking；The heat energy-saving position mutually passed through in each volute bottom with runner is placed with type chill；In conjunction with the analog result of comparison Shrinkage cavity defect, optimal processing parameter is determined；In intermediate frequency furnace, molten metal is entered from top to bottom by sprue cup, enters type chamber from different ingates, type is filled in completion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method technology of field of turbochargers, especially automobile turbocharger housing necks
A kind of domain, and in particular to green casting method for producing automobile turbocharger housing.
Background technique
Turbocharger is widely used in large-scale agricultural, engineering, mining machinery truck, motorbus and ship
On.Turbocharger can be such that automobile engine power improves, and oil consumption reduces, and noise and blowdown are reduced, be effectively improved start it is motor-driven
Power, economical and environmentally friendly performance.On many vapour, diesel engine, the effect of in order to which its engine is continuously improved, reaches and reduce exhaust gas row
The purpose with saving fuel oil is put, technology for Turbocharger Manufacturing can be used.Turbocharging (Turbocharger) is a kind of using internal combustion
The technology for the exhaust gas driven air compressor (Air-compressor) that machine running generates.In simple terms, turbocharger is one
Kind air compressor, increases air inflow by compressed air.It is pushed using the exhaust gas inertia impulsive force of engine discharge
The indoor turbine of turbine, turbine drive coaxial impeller again, and the air that impeller force feed is sent by air cleaner pipeline is allowed to increase
It is pressed into cylinder.The use of booster technology is the effective hand for improving engine efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, reducing exhaust gas discharge
Section, it can effectively improve engine power and fuel economy, and power can be improved 30% or more, and fuel consumption can reduce
20% or more.But some incorrect uses easily cause its premature wear, decline diesel engine power, or even cannot normally transport
Turn, diesel engine starting is difficult when serious, and diesel engine application of load emits blue smoke after starting, and turbocharger failure makes diesel engine can not
Work.
Turbocharger is mainly made of turbine portion and volute part, specifically by compressor casing, turbocharger housing,
The part such as compressor impeller, turbine, intermediate and nozzle ring is constituted.
During turbocharger operation, turbine shroud is always subject to change and the temperature of variation with engine crankshaft corner
Load, under the coupling of alternating temperature-changing and alternate stress, the plastic deformation that turbine shroud is constantly accumulated is easy to cause crackle
Germinating, extension are even broken.The destruction of turbine shroud is mainly due under the coupling of alternating temperature-changing and alternate stress, no
The plastic deformation of disconnected accumulation cause crack initiation, extension and cause.Due to turbocharger operation bad environments, usually at 500 DEG C
It works under the above high temperature and 10~200,000 revs/min of high revolving speed and and shares a set of lubricating system, lubricating condition with engine
Difference is easily damaged if working service is improper, can not work normally engine.Volute is the key part of turbocharger,
The effect of energy conservation and vent gas treatment is mainly related with air flue shape, and the material of volute generallys use spheroidal graphite cast-iron or the casting of nickelic spheroidal graphite
Iron.Volute pressurization device hull shape is complicated, turbine high speed rotation at high temperature, it is desirable that material has good casting character, together
When need that there is good high-temperature behavior.Material will not undergo phase transition or reduce to the greatest extent as far as possible phase transformation, because phase transformation will cause production
The variation of product volume is allowed to generate internal stress or deformation, influences service performance and the service life of product.Turbine case is in process
Since process dispersion and geometric tolerance are difficult to ensure, it is unqualified that the leakage processing of intermediate shell-side pin hole will lead to product quality, existing
Temperature-room type plasticity is lower, 850 DEG C or more the insufficient and difficult processing of oxidation resistance.Work in-process, turbocharger components are especially
Shell is an important factor for influencing its quality and processing cost.With the exploitation and application of the technology, the exhaust gas of petrol engine
Temperature is promoted to 1050 DEG C or more by original hundreds of degree, in this way, turbocharger housing (abbreviation volute) must have height
Elevated temperature strength, creep resistance, inoxidizability, corrosion resistance and dimensional stability etc..Obviously, traditional ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron and height
The not competent above-mentioned performance of silicon-molybdenum ductile iron, it is necessary to select and develop the excellent alloy of high-temperature comprehensive property to meet volute manufacture
Harsh material requirement.Can ensure cast iron that the components such as turbocharger housing work normally under high temperature harsh environment,
The heat-resisting materials such as heat-resisting alloy steel, although superior performance, being widely used, its intensity height, good toughness, processing hardening phenomenon are tight
Equal difficult processing characteristics bring great challenge to cutting tool product again, therefore the turbine case of turbocharger must be able to
It is worked normally within the scope of 850 DEG C to 1,300 DEG C or more of temperature.Operation must select high-temperature alloy under this thermal extremes
Material, such as 1.4826,1.4837,1.4848 and 1.4849 typical heat-resisting alloy materials.Although High-temperature resistant alloy material pole
The earth improves the performance and quality of turbocharger, but its hardness height, good toughness, difficult cutting characteristic but also to process tool
Stern challenge is brought, along with the External Shape of turbine case itself is extremely irregular, rigidity and clamping stability are poor, cause
Cutter life is very low.
Turbocharger housing is complex-shaped in automobile engine, and material is often spheroidal graphite cast-iron, and technical requirements are high, open
Degree of raising difficult questions is big.Volute casting has particular/special requirement in function surface, and micropore only allows to have 4 on datum level, and single micropore allows
Size is not more than 2mm, and minimum edge is away from answering big 1mm between micropore, the micropore less than 0.5mm.Using positive-pressure gating system, cast gate
Than for ∑ F it is straight: ∑ F is horizontal: in ∑ F=2: 1.5: 1, wherein sprue area of section is 1200mm2, cross gate area of section is
900mm2, ingate area of section is 600mm2.Hot side riser diameter is 65mm, is highly 100mm, riser neck is having a size of 23mm
×33mm；Top riser diameter is 50mm, is highly 70mm, riser neck is having a size of 10mm × 25mm.And volute casting is filling type
The defects of initial stage, there are a degree of turbulent flows, but filling velocity is lower, and gas, slag inclusion are wrapped up in generation；Shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity sensitizing range is main
It is the quickest at the geometry thermal center for being distributed at geometry thermal center and runner flange root etc., and mutually being passed through with runner with volute bottom
Sense.If being also easy to produce chromium oxide using chrome content high heat-resistance stainless steel in casting process and being mingled with, aluminium alloy flowing is often led to
Property reduce, to generate the casting flaws such as cold shut and elephant skin.Also, alloy body shrinking percentage and linear shrinkage ratio are larger, are also easy to produce contracting
The defects of hole, shrinkage porosite and hot tearing.And high-Ni-Cr cast iron nickel content is high, casting process iron liquid viscosity is high, poor fluidity, and linear shrinkage and
Body shrinks tendency and is all larger than common magnesium iron.When pouring temperature is too low, the defects of volute is also easy to produce misrun, cold shut and black slag；
Pouring temperature is excessively high and the defects of being easy to produce shrinkage cavity and porosity and stomata.
Turbine shroud material generallys use spheroidal graphite cast-iron (high-nickel austenite, ferrite ductile cast iron), and casting technique is usual
For lost foam process, green-sand technique or resin self-setting sand technique.Turbine shroud is the key part of booster, air flue shape
Significantly affect energy conservation and vent gas treatment effect.The key of turbine case lost foam casting is the manufacture of its foaming mould.Due to outside it
The gentle road shape of shape is sufficiently complex, using traditional wooden model casting technique, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of foaming mould；Using NC
(Numerical control) processing and electrical discharge machining, then the period is long, at high cost.Turbine case casting also has using green-sand
High pressure moulding technique and horizontal parting removable flask moulding process program, this will be depending on product and technological reserve situation, turbine material
Material is generally nickel-base alloy.Blank production mostly uses paraffin precision casting process and vacuum induction melting pouring technology.Using shell
Type machine and 4 sets of middle frequency furnace of 500 kilograms of core shooter and capacity produce turbocharger turbine shell and intermediate casting.
Turbocharger housing is one of critical component of automobile turbocharger, very high to casting requirement, especially
Impeller housing figure chamber and non-generic arc surface, but the curved surface of similar spiral of Archimedes, impeller in this type of intracavitary rotation,
Revolving speed is up to 100,000 turns/min, and the required precision of surface profile reaches 0.1mm, and curved surface reaches the surface profile of 0.1mm precision,
It generallys use die cast and carries out numerical control processing again later.With increasingly mature, the turbocharger housing of turbocharging technology
As the important part of turbocharger, demand is growing day by day, and performance requirement is also increasingly harsh.Turbocharger housing casting
Though part is the light casting of shape less complex, the casting quality and technical requirements are high, and dimension precision requirement is high, especially to runner
Three-dimension curved surface dimension precision requirement it is very high, must be with section runner corresponding in three-dimensional by defined 27 section passage curves
Curve fits like a glove.To reduce flow resistance, runner position surface quality of continuous castings must meet product standard, surface roughness
Ra1215, casting be not allow for shrinkage cavity and porosity, stomata, be mingled with, cold shut the defects of.Alloy content is high, carbon amounts is low, smelting and pouring
Temperature is high, and Production Practice of Casting Technologies is poor, therefore, correctly selects suitable casting technique particularly significant.Currently, domestic turbocharger
There are more than 100 families in the manufacturer of shell, casting technique be usually lost foam process, green-sand technique, resin self-setting sand technique or
Other casting techniques.Casting method, a kind of vapour such as a kind of shell spheroidal graphite cast-iron turbocharger of prior art use
The resin sand shell moulded casting method of vehicle turbocharger housing part and the vapour of a kind of heat-resistance stainless steel or ductile Ni-resist cast iron material
The casting method (lost wax process) of vehicle turbocharger housing part, and use iron die sand casting process Foundry Production
Heat resisting cast steel turbocharger turbine shell.The casting technique or method of above-mentioned use, exist casting process is complicated, need using
Tooling device costly is easy to produce casting flaw, the deficiencies of 1 production cost of volute casting is higher.Therefore, if can use
The simple casting technique of low in cost and process, such as produces turbocharger housing volute using traditional sand mould casting method
Casting 1, will necessarily make that production cost substantially reduces, production efficiency greatly improves.But due to the performance of turbocharger housing
It is required that it is high, and volute casting 1 is complex, wall unevenness is even, and the place of thin-walled is more, and thickness is with a thickness of 15mm, minimal wall
About 2.8 millimeters at thickness, belong to Complex Thin Shell casting.Turbocharger housing castings desire has good air-tightness,
Surfaces externally and internally is without Shrinkage cavity defect, and surface smoothness is high, and size is accurate, and spheroidal graphite cast-iron or high-alloy steel are in actually casting
Mobility it is poor.Therefore, it is produced using traditional sand mould casting method, it is high to the design requirement of running gate system 4, hold very much
Easily lead to occur turbulent flow because the design of running gate system 4 is unreasonable, fill that type is unstable, feeding is insufficient, to cold shut, contracting occur
The defects of hole, shrinkage porosite, scab, lead to problems such as produce volute casting 1 defect it is too many, qualification rate is low, poor product quality, institute
With the producer for producing turbocharger housing volute casting 1 using traditional sand mould casting method at present is few.For this purpose, existing
There is technology to propose a kind of turbocharger housing green casting method of three-cavity moulding, inclined casting, this method is in certain journey
The common problem of sand casting production turbocharger housing is overcome on degree, reduces defect, but still there are following
Problem: 1) due to using three-cavity moulding, process complexity is considerably increased, is also easy to lead to volute because mould assembling is bad
The dislocation of 1 shape of casting；2) using the pouring type for tilting 15 °, labor intensity artificial when casting is increased, while also because removing
It moves sandbox and easily leads to drop；3) one is only produced one case, production efficiency is low, and placer iron is relatively high, it is unfavorable for reducing production cost,
Save sand resource.
Green-sand is most popular, most convenient formative method, accounts about the 60~70% of all sand mold usage amounts,
But this method is also not suitable for very big or very thick and solid casting at present.Skin dried mold and dry type ratio, can save baker, save
Fuel and electric power shorten the production cycle.The basic characteristics of green casting method are sand mold (cores) without drying, and there is no hardened
Journey.Its major advantage is that production chains are big, and productivity is high, with short production cycle, is convenient for tissue flow line production, it is easy to accomplish raw
The mechanization and automation of production process；The cost of material is low；Save drying equipment, fuel, electric power and Workshop Production area；Extend
Sandbox service life etc..But currently used green casting, it is easy that casting is made to generate some casting flaws, such as: burning into sand,
It scabs, rat-tail, viscous sand, stomata, sand holes, buckle etc..Green-sand is made of according to a certain ratio roughing sand, clay, additives and water
's.Common charging sequence is first to mix the siccatives such as return sand and fresh sand, clay powder, coal dust, adds water the water mixed to requiring
Point.The maximum roughing sand of usage amount is the natural silica Sand with quartz for main mineral component in Foundry Production.Natural silica Sand resource is rich
Richness, distributed pole is wide, is easy to exploit, cheap, is able to satisfy the requirement for casting upper most cases.Clay is the main viscous of green-sand
Tie agent.Clay has caking property and plasticity after being readily wetted by water, and hardens after drying, has dry strength.And the clay to harden adds water
It can restore caking property and plasticity again afterwards, thus there is preferable reusability.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the problem in the prior art and deficiency, a kind of inexpensive, high quality is provided
The method of green casting vehicle turbocharger shell.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of method of green casting vehicle turbocharger shell, has as follows
Technical characteristic:
A. moulding: moulding is carried out using traditional tide mould sand, preparation has the sprue 10 of pouring basin 9, utilizes two-part mo(u)lding work
Skill is arranged symmetrically one case four sandbox in sand mold centered on sprue 10；Sprue 10 is connected to cope and lower sand
Cross gate is arranged in case, 10 bottom end of sprue, and the well 11 that vertical sectional shape is rectangle is arranged in end, while in cross gate distal end
Ingate is set, and each volute casting 1 enters water riser 2 ingate is connected to volute casting 1 again by two two；
B. coremaking: after carrying out moulding using traditional tide mould sand, the core under the sand core 8 on symmetrical 10 both sides of sprue places ceramics
Filter 3 and with type chill 7, completes coremaking；
C. it is set as C 1300 with type chill 7 and 1 coefficient of heat conduction of volute casting, it is equal at each ingate circular flat of turbine room
One piece of ceramic filter 3 is placed, while the geometry heat energy-saving position mutually passed through in each volute bottom with runner places respective model
With type chill 7；Each ceramic filter 3 symmetrically enters the connected muff 5, Mei Gebao equipped with riser 6 of water riser 2 by both sides
Temperature 5 connected volute casting 1 of set；
D. mould assembling: cope 14 is clamped using mechanical arm, then closes and arrives drag box 15；
E. alloy melting and casting: optimal processing parameter is determined in conjunction with the analog result of comparison Shrinkage cavity defect, determines casting
1400 DEG C of temperature, 1050 DEG C of shell temperature use out molten steel solidus temperature for 1740 DEG C, 1760 DEG C of liquidus temperature, casting
1650~1610 DEG C of temperature, the duration of pouring is 5~7s, latent heat 200KJ/Kg, average 1630 DEG C of pouring temperature, in intermediate frequency sense
It answers in furnace, volute casting 1 is melted, ingate is full of, and two strands of molten metals continue to fill from top to bottom after crossing, gold
Belong to liquid to be entered from top to bottom by sprue cup, enters type chamber from different ingates, type is filled in completion.
Compared with the prior art the present invention, has the following effects that and advantage:
1, the present invention produces turbocharger housing using the tide mould sand green casting technology of traditional low-cost, inside turbine room
Placing at circular flat eliminates the riser neck region microporosity of the volute casting 1 of production with type chill 7.Pass through technique shape
Morphotype is quasi- and actual production comparison, chill play a key effect to the microdefect for solving spiral case thermal center region.Analog result is aobvious
Show, cavity filling process is steady, turbulent flow phenomenon does not occur；From temperature field as it can be seen that riser temperature is always highest, be conducive to feeding.
Analog result shows that modeling and simulation of solidification spiral case thin-walled position first solidifies, and riser is final solidified region, and hot side riser finally coagulates
Gu playing the role of feeding, consecutive solidification is realized.Profile-followed chill 7, solidification simulation are placed at turbine room inner circular plane
It has been shown that, the small isolated liquid phase region in solidification latter stage riser neck distal end are eliminated.Actual production is as the result is shown: the solid rate of ingate is far below
Casting is whole, and ingate ensure that smooth feeding.Riser neck region microporosity is eliminated, and is matched with simulation.Thus with use
Other Modeling Materials are compared with complicated casting method, are simplified production technology, are shortened the production cycle, and production effect is improved
Rate, and production cost can be made to reduce by 40%, while reducing the capital investment of turbocharger housing building of production line, make general
Logical foundry enterprise can all produce turbocharger housing, be conducive to meet the market demand.
2, the present invention in the design process using Magma casting process simulation analysis software to the running gate system 4 of Preliminary design into
Row simulation, analysis and optimization, and combine and the measures such as metallographic observation and scanning analysis are carried out to trial-production volute casting 1 to examination casting sample
The defects of carry out qualitative research.Then, in conjunction with Foundry Production reality, using fish-bone analytic approach by dividing defect cause
Analysis, and the foundation optimized result is analyzed as running gate system 4, ultimately form mass steady production turbocharger housing whirlpool
The replenishment of process of shell casting 1 can be reduced discarded and fresh sand the investment of old sand so that the old sand proportion in Modeling Material is very high,
Therefore limited roughing sand resource can be saved, greatly reduces foundry engieering difficulty, shortens product development cycle.
3, the present invention for turbocharger housing volute casting 1 production in presently, there are the above problem, utilize cost
Minimum traditional sand mould casting method analyzes software pair using Magma casting process simulation by carrying out special casting Technology Design
Running gate system 4 is analyzed, using CATIA Software Create 3-D geometric model, turbine shroud subdivision tetrahedral grid, pedestal,
Bolt and connecting plate component subdivision hexahedral mesh, node total number is about 20.1 ten thousand, and grid sum is about 77.5 ten thousand；And to turbine
Housing parts multidomain treat-ment, applies the test area Suo Geige thermal boundary condition, and foundation completes limited element calculation model.By right
Corresponding physical parameter, initial and boundary condition is arranged in running gate system subdivision, obtains the temperature field of spiral case casting process, fills type, is solidifying
Solid mathematical model, analyze the defect being likely to occur, improve the foresight of casting defect, to process program determine provide
Reference frame, substantially reduces the new product development period.And running gate system 4 and technological parameter are optimized on this basis,
Based on Shrinkage cavity analog result, Shrinkage cavity is further eliminated, on the basis of optimizing casting program, selection casting temperature
Under conditions of 1400 DEG C, 1050 DEG C of shell temperature of degree, casting verifying is carried out, comparatively ideal 4 design scheme of running gate system has been obtained,
Obtain the ideal casting of quality.It is 1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430 DEG C by choosing pouring temperature, chooses shell
Temperature is 900,950,1000,1050,1100,1150 DEG C of progress orthogonal tests, determines 1400 DEG C of pouring temperature, shell temperature
At 1050 DEG C, casting quality is best.Using the running gate system of optimization, Shrinkage cavity Defect Modes are carried out using optimal processing parameter
It is quasi-, it is poured with the teeming bikini after verifying optimizing application, is completed under the conditions of 1400 DEG C of pouring temperature, 1050 DEG C of shell temperature
Vacuum high-temperature casting, obtains casting.Casting of appearance of cast any surface finish, quality are good, carry out nondestructive inspection detection by x-ray,
Cast-internal is without Shrinkage cavity defect, and using the running gate system 4 after optimization, 1 rejection rate of volute casting be can control within 8%,
It is horizontal far below the rejection rate of other producers.Realize the high quality of production of turbocharger housing volute casting 1.
4, running gate system according to the present invention is provided with the special cast gate that vertical sectional shape is rectangle in sprue end
Nest, the common and traditional hemispherical well of substitution.It is proved through Magma sunykatuib analysis and actual production, using this cast gate
After nest, for casting overwhelming majority position solid rate 0.773 or more, the solid rate of ingate is whole far below casting therefore interior
Cast gate ensure that smooth feeding, and molten steel fills that type is steady in casting process, avoids traditional hemispherical well 11 and is easy
The generation of the defects of existing turbulent flow, stomata, slag inclusion, cold shut.
5, the present invention using the pouring type that high temperature speed is poured, and disposes filter to improve mold-filling capacity in sand mold
With pushing off the slag.Moulding, coremaking are carried out using traditional tide mould sand, made sand mold contains the running gate system of unique design, especially its
In well 11 use the vertical sectional shape that liquid turbulent flow can be greatly reduced as the special designing of rectangle；Rationally to adjust temperature
Field is spent, riser 6 is provided at sand mold necessity and with type chill 7, efficiently solves and holds at turbocharger housing pipeline thin-walled
The problem of dreg defect and flange surface being also easy to produce are also easy to produce shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity because final solidified, while solving clay
The scab and sand holes defect that green-sand high frequency occurs.
1050 DEG C of exhaust temperatures can be withstood up to using the turbine case of Foundry Production of the present invention, and the shell cast can be suitble to
In a variety of materials of casting, can make to make shell have the characteristics that thermal inertia is low, it is easier to will be other more than the wall thickness of turbine case subtracts 50%
Port valve is incorporated in shell.
After volute casting 1 of the present invention is cooled to room temperature, through polishing cleaning and defects detection, the volute casting 1 of the batch casting
Qualification rate is 94.5%, realizes the high quality of production of turbocharger housing volute casting 1.Meanwhile realizing the close of blank
Net type molding, machine-finish allowance greatly reduce, avoid the waste of material, reduce the consumption of the energy.Due to technological preparation
Time and expense greatly reduce so that single-piece trial-production, small lot production period and cost substantially reduce, especially suitable for new
The exploitation of product and the production of single and mini-batch production part.It is combined with conventional method, it can be achieved that quick cast, rapid mold manufacture
Etc. functions.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing provides a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes part of specification, with the embodiment of the present invention
Together for understanding the present invention, it is not construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is the casting technique main view that green casting of the embodiment of the present invention produces automobile turbocharger shell.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is longitudinal three-dimensional figure of Fig. 1 turbocharger housing casting die.
Fig. 4 is the main view of the volute casting 1 of single turbocharger housing in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4.
In figure: 1 volute casting, 2 enter water riser, and 3 ceramic filters, 4 running gate systems, 5 muffs, 6 riser, 7 is cold with type
Iron, 8 sand cores, 9 pouring basins, 10 sprues, 11 wells, 12 cross gates, 13 ingates, 14 copes, 15 drag boxs.
Embodiment is given below so that the present invention to be specifically described.It is necessarily pointed out that following embodiment
It is served only for that invention is further explained, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention.The technology in the field is ripe
Practice personnel's some nonessential modifications and adaptations that content makes the present invention according to the present invention, still falls within protection model of the invention
It encloses.
Specific embodiment
- Fig. 2 refering to fig. 1.According to the present invention, implement as follows:
A. moulding: moulding is carried out using traditional tide mould sand, preparation has the sprue 10 of pouring basin 9, utilizes two-part mo(u)lding work
Skill centered on sprue 10, is arranged symmetrically one case four sandbox in sand mold；Sprue 10 be connected to cope 14 and
Cross gate 12 is arranged in drag box 15,10 bottom end of sprue, and the well 11 that vertical sectional shape is rectangle is arranged in end, while in cross
Ingate 13 is distally arranged in running channel 12, and each volute casting 1 is connected to by two ingates with volute casting 1；
B. coremaking: after carrying out moulding using traditional tide mould sand, the core under the sand core 8 on symmetrical 10 both sides of sprue places ceramics
Filter 3 and with type chill 7, completes coremaking；
C. it is set as C 1300 with type chill 7 and 1 coefficient of heat conduction of volute casting, at each 13 circular flat of ingate of turbine room
One piece of ceramic filter 3 is placed, while the geometry heat energy-saving position mutually passed through in each volute bottom with runner places respective model
With type chill 7；Each ceramic filter 3 is connected by the symmetrical water riser 2 in both sides is equipped with the muff 5, Mei Gebao of riser 6
Temperature 5 connected volute casting 1 of set；
D. mould assembling: cope 14 is clamped using mechanical arm, then closes and arrives drag box 15；
E. alloy melting and casting: optimal processing parameter is determined in conjunction with the analog result of comparison Shrinkage cavity defect, determines casting
1400 DEG C of temperature, 1050 DEG C of shell temperature use out molten steel solidus temperature for 1740 DEG C, 1760 DEG C of liquidus temperature, casting
1650~1610 DEG C of temperature, the duration of pouring is 5~7s, latent heat 200KJ/Kg, average 1630 DEG C of pouring temperature.In intermediate frequency sense
It answers in furnace, volute casting 1 is melted, ingate is full of, and two strands of molten metals continue to fill from top to bottom after crossing, gold
Belong to liquid to be entered from top to bottom by pouring basin 9, enters the completion of type chamber from different ingates and fill type, in 1400 DEG C of pouring temperature, shell
Vacuum high-temperature casting is completed under the conditions of 1050 DEG C of temperature.
Refering to Fig. 3.In turbocharger housing casting die, sprue 10 by the well 11 at the middle part of cross gate 12 to
Under extend to bottom end, upper top forward connects pouring basin 9, is connected to the bottom of 9 stepped hole of pouring basin, while during sprue 10 passes through
The perforation orthogonal with left and right sides cross gate 12 of the well 11 in portion.The cross gate 12 of 11 two sides of well crosslinking passes through ceramics first
Filter 3 forward penetrates through at least two ingates 13 being collectively aligned, and the enter water riser 2 upward with 13 tail end of ingate is connected,
And each ingate 13 is parallel with close to the rectangular surfaces of ceramic filter 3 of 10 two sides of sprue, radial with sprue 10
It is orthogonal.Each ingate 13 is provided with the ceramic filter 3 of symmetrical cross gate 12.
Refering to Fig. 4, Fig. 5.In each volute casting 1, it is provided at the top of spiral case casting 1 and both sides heat energy-saving position
Riser 6 is provided with muff when necessary around riser 6, while in 1 ring cavity bottom of spiral case casting, top needed position and ring
Cavity surface is provided with profile-followed chill 7, enters water riser 2 and is arranged in ingate 13, ceramic filter 3 is placed in entering for ingate 13
At mouthful, the ingate of ingate is arranged in Turbine Casting ring cavity marginal center.
Embodiment 1:
Moulding is carried out using traditional tide mould sand, with two-part mo(u)lding technique, one case four, be centrosymmetric arrangement.In sand mold
Portion is provided with the sprue 10 of a connection cope and drag box；10 bottom end of sprue is provided with cross gate；In sprue 10
End is provided with the special well 11 that vertical sectional shape is rectangle；Cross gate distal end is provided with ingate.Wherein, each whirlpool
Shell casting 1 is connected to by two ingates with volute casting 1.In modeling process, the tide mould sand component proportion of use is by weight
Percentages are as follows: fresh sand 70%, old sand 26.8%, moisture 2.6%, component A0.6%, component B0%.Wherein, component A is 53%
Artificial+27% coal dust of sodium base of natural sodium base+20%, component B are 30% artificial+70% coal dust of sodium base.
To ensure to fill type stationarity under the conditions of Quick pouring, unchoked running system 4 is taken, the ratio between sectional area is sprue
10: cross gate 12: ingate 13=1: 1.75: 4.70.Each ingate places ceramic filter 3 in 1 proximal end of volute casting,
To make up the problem of 4 pushing off the slag performance deficiency of unchoked running system.The well 11 is different from traditional hemispherical shape, and
It is the special well 11 for using vertical sectional shape as rectangle.According to 1 shape of corresponding site volute casting and position, cast in volute
The larger position of 1 wall thickness of part or heat energy-saving position are arranged riser 6 or with type chills 7.Since the cavity filling of high alloy cast steel can be poor, pour
Note mode is poured using high temperature speed, the method for type is filled when casting, using high temperature and quickly to guarantee that aluminium alloy fills type with good
Ability.
In coremaking, the component proportion that core sand uses, by weight percentage are as follows: with fresh sand 90%-96.0%, moisture
2%-2.6%, component A0.3%-0.6%, component B0.8% prepare core sand, wherein component A is 53% natural+20% people of sodium base
+ 27% coal dust of work sodium base, component B are 30% artificial+70% coal dust of sodium base.8 surface of sand core separately coats coating.
C. it plays core and places ceramic filter 3, with type chill 7: mo(u)ld bottom half will be arrived under sand core 8, and specific in each ingate
One piece of ceramic filter 3 is placed at position, while in heat energy-saving position placement respective model with type chill 7.
Mould assembling: cope is clamped using mechanical arm, then closes and arrives drag box.
Alloy melting and casting: in an alternate embodiment of the invention, 1 material of volute casting is 2520 chromium nickel stainless steels, by weight
Percentages: with C0.3~0.5%, Si1.0~1.5%, Mn≤2.0%, P≤0.040%, S≤0.030%, Ni19.0~
21.0%, Cr24.0~27.0%, Mo≤0.50%, Nb1.2~1.7%, Cu≤0.25%, Co≤1.0%, W≤1.6%, V
≤ 0.12%, remaining is Fe, and alloy melting chromium nickel stainless steel carries out melting using intermediate frequency furnace, and casting prepares volute casting
1, it is 0.08% aluminum shot as deoxidier that weight percent is added before casting into liquid iron liquid.Liquid steel temperature is 1750 out
℃；Metal Weight 1000Kg out；1640 DEG C of pouring temperature；The duration of pouring is 5s.
After volute casting 1 is cooled to room temperature, through polishing cleaning and defects detection, the conjunction of the volute casting 1 of the batch casting
Lattice rate is 93%, realizes the high quality of production of turbocharger housing volute casting 1.
Embodiment 2:
In moulding, moulding is carried out using traditional tide mould sand.Using two-part mo(u)lding technique, one case four, be centrosymmetric cloth
It sets.The sprue 10 of one connection cope of setting and drag box in the middle part of sand mold；In 10 bottom end of sprue, cross gate is set；Straight
The special well 11 that vertical sectional shape is rectangle is arranged in 10 end of running channel；In cross gate distal end setting ingate.
The above is present pre-ferred embodiments, it has to be noted that the present invention will be described for above-described embodiment, so
And the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can be designed when being detached from scope of the appended claims
Alternative embodiment.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention,
Various changes and modifications can be made therein, these variations and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
The above is present pre-ferred embodiments, it has to be noted that the present invention will be described for above-described embodiment, so
And the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can be designed when being detached from scope of the appended claims
Alternative embodiment.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention,
Various changes and modifications can be made therein, these variations and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of green casting vehicle turbocharger shell has following technical characteristic:
A. moulding: moulding is carried out using traditional tide mould sand, preparation has the sprue 10 of pouring basin 9, utilizes two-part mo(u)lding work
Skill centered on sprue 10, is arranged symmetrically four spiral case casting 1 in sand mold in a sandbox 16；Sprue 10 is connected to
Cross gate is arranged in cope and drag box, 10 bottom end of sprue, and the well 11 that vertical sectional shape is rectangle is arranged in end, simultaneously
In cross gate distal end setting ingate, and each volute casting 1 enters water riser 2 by two and is connected to again with ingate 13；
B. coremaking: after carrying out moulding using traditional tide mould sand, the core under the sand core 8 on symmetrical 10 both sides of sprue places ceramics
Filter 3 and with type chill 7, completes coremaking；
C. it is set as C 1300 with type chill 7 and 1 coefficient of heat conduction of volute casting, it is equal at each ingate circular flat of turbine room
One piece of ceramic filter 3 is placed, while the geometry heat energy-saving position mutually passed through in each volute bottom with runner places respective model
With type chill 7；Each ceramic filter 3 symmetrically enters the connected muff 5, Mei Gebao equipped with riser 6 of water riser 2 by both sides
Temperature 5 connected volute casting 1 of set；
D. mould assembling: cope 14 is clamped using mechanical arm, then closes and arrives drag box 15；
E. alloy melting and casting: optimal processing parameter is determined in conjunction with the analog result of comparison Shrinkage cavity defect, determines casting
1400 DEG C of temperature, 1050 DEG C of shell temperature use out molten steel solidus temperature for 1740 DEG C, 1760 DEG C of liquidus temperature, casting
1650~1610 DEG C of temperature, the duration of pouring is 5~7s, latent heat 200KJ/Kg, average 1630 DEG C of pouring temperature, in intermediate frequency sense
Answer in furnace, volute casting 1 (chromium nickel stainless steel alloy) melted, ingate is full of, two strands of molten metals continue after crossing into
Row is filled from top to bottom, and molten metal is entered from top to bottom by sprue cup, enters type chamber from different ingates, type is filled in completion.
2. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that using open
Running gate system 4, the ratio between sectional area of running gate system 4 be sprue 10: cross gate 12: ingate 13=1: 1.75: 4.70.
3. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each ingate
Ceramic filter 3 is placed in 1 proximal end of volute casting, to make up the problem of 4 pushing off the slag performance deficiency of unchoked running system.
4. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the well
11 use vertical sectional shape for rectangle well.
5. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in volute casting
The larger position of 1 wall thickness or heat energy-saving position are provided with riser 6 or with type chill 7.
6. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in coremaking,
The component proportion that core sand uses, by weight percentage are as follows: with fresh sand 90%-96.0%, moisture 2%-2.6%, component
A0.3%-0.6%, component B0.8% prepare core sand, wherein component A is 53% artificial+27% coal of sodium base of natural sodium base+20%
Powder, component B are 30% artificial+70% coal dust of sodium base.
7. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that percentage by weight
Than meter: with C0.3~0.5%, Si1.0~1.5%, Mn≤2.0%, P≤0.040%, S≤0.030%, Ni19.0~
21.0%, Cr24.0~27.0%, Mo≤0.50%, Nb1.2~1.7%, Cu≤0.25%, Co≤1.0%, W≤1.6%, V
≤ 0.12%, remaining is Fe, and melting chromium nickel stainless steel carries out melting using intermediate frequency furnace, and casting prepares volute casting 1, pours
It is 0.08% aluminum shot as deoxidier that weight percent is added before note into liquid iron liquid.
8. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in turbocharging
In device shell cast mould, sprue 10 extends downward into bottom end by the well 11 at 12 middle part of cross gate, and upper top forward connects
Pouring basin 9 is connect, is connected to the bottom of 9 stepped hole of pouring basin, while sprue 10 is horizontal by the well 11 at middle part and the left and right sides
The orthogonal perforation of running channel 12.
9. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that 11 liang of well
The cross gate 12 of top-cross connection forward penetrates through at least two ingates 13 being collectively aligned by ceramic filter 3 first, pours with interior
The upward water riser 2 that enters of 13 tail end of road is connected, and the ceramic filter 3 of each ingate 13 and close 10 two sides of sprue
Rectangular surfaces it is parallel, it is radial orthogonal with sprue 10.
10. the method for green casting vehicle turbocharger shell as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that poured in each
Road 13 is provided with the ceramic filter 3 of symmetrical cross gate 12.
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| CN110941916A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-31 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Method for predicting microscopic shrinkage cavity of aluminum alloy casting based on casting simulation software |
| CN112371923A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-19 | 溧阳市新力机械铸造有限公司 | Precision casting for agricultural harvesting and bundling machine |
| CN112548031A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-26 | 天津达祥精密工业有限公司 | Production process of green sand of chromium-manganese-nitrogen austenite heat-resistant steel turbine shell |
| CN114346168A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-15 | 甘肃酒钢集团西部重工股份有限公司 | Casting mold and casting method for heat-resistant cast iron cooling wall |
| CN114367637A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-19 | 苏州勤堡精密机械有限公司 | High-strength green sand pouring system of oversized traction sheave casing |
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| CN110941916A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-31 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Method for predicting microscopic shrinkage cavity of aluminum alloy casting based on casting simulation software |
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| CN112371923A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-19 | 溧阳市新力机械铸造有限公司 | Precision casting for agricultural harvesting and bundling machine |
| CN114367637A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-19 | 苏州勤堡精密机械有限公司 | High-strength green sand pouring system of oversized traction sheave casing |
| CN114367637B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-05-07 | 苏州勤堡精密机械有限公司 | High-strength tide mould sand pouring system of oversized traction sheave casing |
| CN114523075A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-24 | 威斯卡特工业（中国）有限公司 | Process for manufacturing heat-resistant steel of variable-section turbocharger shell |
| CN114523075B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2024-04-19 | 威斯卡特工业（中国）有限公司 | Production process of heat-resistant steel for variable-section turbocharger shell |
| CN114346168A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-15 | 甘肃酒钢集团西部重工股份有限公司 | Casting mold and casting method for heat-resistant cast iron cooling wall |
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Application publication date: 20190917 |