CN110237724B - Preparation method and application of carbon-based Janus film - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of carbon-based Janus film Download PDF

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CN110237724B
CN110237724B CN201910583353.1A CN201910583353A CN110237724B CN 110237724 B CN110237724 B CN 110237724B CN 201910583353 A CN201910583353 A CN 201910583353A CN 110237724 B CN110237724 B CN 110237724B
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janus
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CN110237724A (en
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王刚
周庆欣
马生华
王惠
白晋涛
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Northwest University
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
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    • B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
    • B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
    • B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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    • B01D71/06—Organic material
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract

A preparation method and application of a carbon-based Janus film relate to a preparation method and application of a Janus film. The invention aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption, expensive equipment and inconvenient maintenance of the traditional water treatment method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing MgCO3Fibers; secondly, preparing graphene fibers; thirdly, preparing a Janus solution; and fourthly, adding the graphene fibers into the Janus solution, stirring again, and performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain the carbon-based Janus film. The method for preparing the carbon-based Janus film is simple, convenient and quick, the carbon-based Janus film is convenient to carry, has the advantages of good recycling and the like, and is mainly applied to the fields of new energy and water treatment. The invention can obtain a carbon-based Janus film.

Description

Preparation method and application of carbon-based Janus film
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a Janus membrane.
Background
With the continuous progress of human society, resources are in short supply, fresh water resources are scarce, water pollution is increased, and the problems are widely regarded by countries in the world. Among a plurality of water treatment methods, the sunlight local heat generates water vapor which is a simple, effective and high-cost-performance method, so that the method has wide application prospect. In order to overcome the defects of high energy consumption, expensive equipment and inconvenient maintenance of the traditional method, the photo-thermal technology of fully utilizing sunlight is produced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption, expensive equipment and inconvenient maintenance of the traditional water treatment method, and provides a preparation method and application of a carbon-based Janus membrane.
The preparation method of the carbon-based Janus film is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing MgCO3Fiber:
NaCO with the concentration of 0.5mol/L to 1.5mol/L3The solution is dripped into MgCL with the concentration of 1 mol/L-2 mol/L2·6H2Stirring and drying in O solution to obtain MgCO3Fibers;
the NaCO with the concentration of 0.5-1.5 mol/L in the step one3The solution and MgCL with the concentration of 1 mol/L-2 mol/L2·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is (20-3000) to (20-3000);
secondly, preparing graphene fibers:
firstly, uniformly paving MgCO in a quartz boat3Fibres which will then be laid with MgCO3Transferring the fiber quartz boat into a horizontal CVD furnace, introducing argon into the horizontal CVD furnace, heating the horizontal CVD furnace from room temperature to 800-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 4-15 ℃/min under the protection of argon, stopping introducing the argon, introducing hydrogen and absolute ethyl alcohol into the horizontal CVD furnace, finally reacting for 0.5-1 h at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ in the hydrogen atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a reaction product;
MgCO described in step two3The volume ratio of the mass of the fiber to the absolute ethyl alcohol is (0.2 g-50 g) to (5 mL-1500 mL);
soaking the reaction product in hydrochloric acid for 10-14 h, taking out, cleaning the reaction product with distilled water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is 7, and drying to obtain graphene fibers;
thirdly, preparing a Janus solution:
uniformly mixing N, N-dimethylformamide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene glycol to obtain a Janus solution;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three is (1 g-3 g) to 100 mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyethylene glycol to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three (0.05 g-0.15 g) is 100 mL;
fourthly, preparing a composite film:
adding graphene fibers into the Janus solution, and stirring to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into a Buchner funnel with filter paper, and performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a filter membrane, namely the carbon-based Janus membrane;
the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the step four (3-12 mg) is 5 mL;
the thickness of the carbon-based Janus film in the fourth step is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
the preparation method mainly adopts a Chemical vapor deposition (Chemical vapor deposition CVD) technology to prepare high-performance Graphene Fibers (Graphene Fibers GFs), the prepared Graphene Fibers have a large length-diameter ratio which is 13-20, and the carbon-based Janus film is prepared from the Fibers; because the prepared fiber has the advantages of porosity and large length-diameter ratio, the prepared carbon-based Janus film has good effects of light grabbing and capillary transportation; meanwhile, the prepared carbon-based Janus film can float on a water interface, so that the carbon-based Janus film has a good local thermal effect; a test is carried out by using a xenon lamp to simulate sunlight, and the result shows that the carbon-based Janus film prepared by the invention has an excellent water evaporation effect;
secondly, the method for preparing the carbon-based Janus film is simple, convenient and quick, the carbon-based Janus film is convenient to carry, has the advantages of good recycling and the like, and is mainly applied to the fields of new energy and water treatment (seawater desalination, water pollution and the like).
The invention can obtain a carbon-based Janus film.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a TEM image of a graphene fiber prepared in example step two;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of graphene fibers prepared in one step two of the example;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of the flexibility of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in accordance with example one;
FIG. 5 is a SEM of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one at 5000 Xmagnification;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one at 3000 times magnification;
fig. 7 is a diagram of a carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in example one of the experimental groups of application example one when pure water is evaporated, and fig. 1 is a diagram of a carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in example one of the experimental groups of application example one;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the temperature change of pure water evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one in a control group of application example, wherein 1 is the carbon-based Janus film, and 2 is the temperature of water at the bottom of a beaker;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the temperature change in evaporating pure water in a control group of the application example, wherein 1 is the temperature of the liquid surface of the beaker, and 2 is the temperature of the water at the bottom of the beaker;
FIG. 10 is a photograph taken by a Fourier Infrared imaging device of an infrared thermal imaging process performed when pure water is evaporated for 30min by using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one in the experimental group of example one;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the evaporation of pure water and 5% by mass NaCl solution using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one; in the figure, 1 is an evaporation amount curve when pure water is evaporated in a control group of application example, 2 is an evaporation amount curve when pure water is evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in the first example in an experimental group of application example, and 3 is an evaporation amount curve when a NaCl solution with a mass fraction of 5% is evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in the first example in an application example;
FIG. 12 shows the intensity of light at 6kW/m2The evaporation amount of pure water under the conditions of (1) is a curve showing the change with time of pure water, 2 is a curve showing the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example two is covered on the surface of pure water, 3 is a curve showing the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one is covered on the surface of pure water, 4 is a curve showing the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example three is covered on the surface of pure water, 5 is a curve showing the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example four is covered on the surface of pure water, and 6 is a curve showing the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in comparative example four is covered on the surface of pure waterThe prepared Janus film covers the change curve of the evaporation amount of pure water with time on the surface of the pure water.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the carbon-based Janus film is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing MgCO3Fiber:
NaCO with the concentration of 0.5mol/L to 1.5mol/L3The solution is dripped into MgCL with the concentration of 1 mol/L-2 mol/L2·6H2Stirring and drying in O solution to obtain MgCO3Fibers;
the NaCO with the concentration of 0.5-1.5 mol/L in the step one3The solution and MgCL with the concentration of 1 mol/L-2 mol/L2·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is (20-3000) to (20-3000);
secondly, preparing graphene fibers:
firstly, uniformly paving MgCO in a quartz boat3Fibres which will then be laid with MgCO3Transferring the fiber quartz boat into a horizontal CVD furnace, introducing argon into the horizontal CVD furnace, heating the horizontal CVD furnace from room temperature to 800-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 4-15 ℃/min under the protection of argon, stopping introducing the argon, introducing hydrogen and absolute ethyl alcohol into the horizontal CVD furnace, finally reacting for 0.5-1 h at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ in the hydrogen atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a reaction product;
MgCO described in step two3The volume ratio of the mass of the fiber to the absolute ethyl alcohol is (0.2 g-50 g) to (5 mL-1500 mL);
soaking the reaction product in hydrochloric acid for 10-14 h, taking out, cleaning the reaction product with distilled water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is 7, and drying to obtain graphene fibers;
thirdly, preparing a Janus solution:
uniformly mixing N, N-dimethylformamide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene glycol to obtain a Janus solution;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three is (1 g-3 g) to 100 mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyethylene glycol to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three (0.05 g-0.15 g) is 100 mL;
fourthly, preparing a composite film:
adding graphene fibers into the Janus solution, and stirring to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into a Buchner funnel with filter paper, and performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a filter membrane, namely the carbon-based Janus membrane;
the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the step four (3-12 mg) is 5 mL;
the thickness of the carbon-based Janus film in the fourth step is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
The principle and advantages of the embodiment are as follows:
firstly, in the embodiment, high-performance Graphene Fibers (Graphene Fibers GFs) are prepared mainly by using a Chemical vapor deposition (Chemical vapor deposition CVD) technology, the prepared Graphene Fibers have a large length-diameter ratio which is 13-20, and a carbon-based Janus film is prepared by using the Fibers; because the prepared fiber has the advantages of porosity and large length-diameter ratio, the prepared carbon-based Janus film has good effects of light grabbing and capillary transportation; meanwhile, the carbon-based Janus film prepared by the embodiment can float on a water interface, so that the carbon-based Janus film has a good local thermal effect; the xenon lamp is used for simulating sunlight for testing, and the result shows that the carbon-based Janus film prepared by the embodiment has an excellent water evaporation effect;
secondly, the method for preparing the carbon-based Janus film is simple, convenient and quick, the carbon-based Janus film is convenient to carry, has the advantages of good recycling and the like, and is mainly applied to the fields of new energy and water treatment (seawater desalination, water pollution and the like).
This embodiment can obtain a carbon-based Janus membrane.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the stirring speed in the step one is 50 r/min-400 r/min, and the stirring time is 0.5 h-1.5 h. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the drying temperature in the step one is 35-65 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-3.5 h. The other steps are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: and the flow rate of the argon in the second step is 30 mL/min-50 mL/min. The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the flow rate of the hydrogen in the second step is 50 mL/min-70 mL/min. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the flow rate of the absolute ethyl alcohol in the second step is 10 mL/min-30 mL/min. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the second step is 1-6 mol/L. The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to seventh embodiments is: the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol in the third step is 1500-4000. The other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between this embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is: the stirring speed in the fourth step is 50r/min to 450r/min, and the stirring time is 0.5h to 1.5 h. The other steps are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: this embodiment is a carbon-based Janus membrane for water treatment.
The first embodiment is as follows: a preparation method of a carbon-based Janus film is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing MgCO3Fiber:
adding NaCO with the concentration of 1mol/L3The solution was added dropwise to a concentration of 1.5mol/L MgCL2·6H2Stirring in O solution at 350r/min for 0.5 hr, and oven drying at 60 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain MgCO3Fibers;
the NaCO with the concentration of 1mol/L in the step one3The solution is mixed with MgCL with the concentration of 1.5mol/L2·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is 1: 1;
secondly, preparing graphene fibers:
firstly, uniformly paving MgCO in a quartz boat3Fibres which will then be laid with MgCO3Transferring the fiber quartz boat into a horizontal CVD furnace, introducing argon into the horizontal CVD furnace at the flow rate of 40mL/min, heating the horizontal CVD furnace to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min under the protection of the argon, stopping introducing the argon, introducing hydrogen and absolute ethyl alcohol into the horizontal CVD furnace at the flow rate of 60mL/min and the flow rate of 20mL/min, finally reacting for 0.5h at the temperature of 850 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a reaction product;
MgCO described in step two3The volume ratio of the mass of the fiber to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.2g:10 mL;
soaking the reaction product in hydrochloric acid for 12 hours, taking out the reaction product, washing the reaction product with distilled water until the pH value of the washing liquid is 7, and drying to obtain graphene fibers;
the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the second step is 2 mol/L;
the length-diameter ratio of the graphene fibers in the third step is 10-20:
thirdly, preparing a Janus solution:
uniformly mixing N, N-dimethylformamide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene glycol to obtain a Janus solution;
the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol in the third step is 4000;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three is 2g:100 mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyethylene glycol to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three is 0.1g to 100 mL;
fourthly, preparing a composite film:
adding the graphene fibers into the Janus solution, and stirring for 0.5h at the stirring speed of 300r/min to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into a Buchner funnel with filter paper, and performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a filter membrane, namely the carbon-based Janus membrane;
the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the fourth step is 6mg:5 mL;
the carbon-based Janus film described in step four has a thickness of 2 mm.
Example two: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the fourth step is 3mg:5 mL. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example three: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the fourth step is 9mg:5 mL. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example four: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the fourth step is 12mg:5 mL. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Comparative example: the Janus film is prepared by the following steps:
firstly, preparing a Janus solution:
uniformly mixing N, N-dimethylformamide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene glycol to obtain a Janus solution;
the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol in the first step is 4000;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride to the volume of the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step one is 2g:100 mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyethylene glycol to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step one is 0.1g to 100 mL;
secondly, preparing a composite film:
pouring the Janus solution into a Buchner funnel with filter paper, and performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a filter membrane, namely the Janus membrane;
the thickness of the Janus film in the second step is 2 mm.
Fig. 1 is a TEM image of a graphene fiber prepared in example step two;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of graphene fibers prepared in one step two of the example;
as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the morphology of the graphene fiber is pore (TEM) and fiber (SEM); the porous property of the material can capture more sunlight, so that the sunlight absorption rate is increased; the fibrous nature provides a channel for water transport on the one hand and on the other hand constantly replenishes water lost due to surface steam generation due to its capillary action.
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of the flexibility of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in accordance with example one;
as can be seen from fig. 3 to 4, the Janus film prepared in the first embodiment has a double-layer structure, and the upper layer is a black graphene fiber layer, and the lower layer is a filter paper layer; after a certain degree of curling, the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one has no obvious structural change and is convenient to carry.
FIG. 5 is a SEM of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one at 5000 Xmagnification;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one at 3000 times magnification;
as can be seen from fig. 5 to 6, the carbon-based Janus film prepared in the first embodiment is microscopically observed as a porous fibrous structure, and a porous structure is beneficial to capturing sunlight and accelerating evaporation of water vapor; the fibrous structure is beneficial to water transmission due to the capillary action, and can continuously provide moisture for solar evaporation.
The first application embodiment: the effect of evaporating pure water using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one under the conditions of room temperature and simulated sunlight using a xenon lamp:
taking two cups of pure water containing the same volume at the temperature of 23 ℃, wherein the surface of one cup of pure water is covered with a carbon-based Janus film to serve as an experimental group; another cup of pure water was used as a control;the xenon lamp is used for simulating sunlight, and the light intensity of the experimental group and the control group is 6kW/m2The evaporation capacity of pure water of the experimental group and the control group is calculated by illumination under the condition of (1); the results show that the evaporation amount of pure water per hour in the experimental group evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in the first embodiment can reach 5.77kg/m2The evaporation amount of the control group for evaporating pure water per hour can reach 1.22kg/m2. The evaporation amount of pure water of the experimental group was about 5 times that of the control group. Simultaneously, a Fourier infrared phase former is used for measuring the change of the liquid level temperature of the experimental group and the control group, and the changes are shown in figures 7-10;
fig. 7 is a diagram of a carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in example one of the experimental groups of application example one when pure water is evaporated, and fig. 1 is a diagram of a carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in example one of the experimental groups of application example one;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the temperature change of pure water evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one in a control group of application example, wherein 1 is the carbon-based Janus film, and 2 is the temperature of water at the bottom of a beaker;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the temperature change in evaporating pure water in a control group of the application example, wherein 1 is the temperature of the liquid surface of the beaker, and 2 is the temperature of the water at the bottom of the beaker;
as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the temperature of the carbon-based Janus membrane reached 80 ℃ in a short 7 minutes, while that of the control group was only 35 ℃. It can also be seen from fig. 8 that the carbon based Janus membrane surface temperature was maintained at a high temperature above 80 ℃ during one hour of photography, while the beaker bottom temperature increased slowly, but only to 50 ℃ after one hour, also indicating that the carbon based Janus membrane is a localized hot water evaporation.
FIG. 10 is a photograph taken by a Fourier Infrared imaging device of an infrared thermal imaging process performed when pure water is evaporated for 30min by using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one in the experimental group of example one;
as can be seen from fig. 10, after 30min xenon lamp exposure, the temperature of the liquid surface was highest, while the temperature at the bottom of the beaker was much lower than the liquid surface, indicating that the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one indeed generated steam using localized heat.
Application example two: effect of evaporating brine using carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in example one under simulated sunlight conditions using xenon lamp at room temperature:
taking two cups of saline water containing the same volume at the temperature of 23 ℃, wherein the saline water is a NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 5%; wherein the surface of one cup of brine is covered with a carbon-based Janus film as an experimental group; another cup of saline served as a control group; the xenon lamp is used for simulating sunlight, and the light intensity of the experimental group and the control group is 6kW/m2Under the condition of (1), calculating the evaporation capacity of the saline of the experimental group and the control group; the results show that the evaporation amount of brine evaporated by the experimental group by using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in the first embodiment per hour can reach 5.8kg/m2The control group evaporated brine only 1.2kg/m per hour2See fig. 11; the evaporation capacity of the brine of the experimental group is about 5 times that of the control group, so that the brine solution with a certain concentration hardly influences the evaporation capacity of the carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in the first example, and the carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in the first example can be used for seawater purification, water pollution treatment and the like.
FIG. 11 is a graph of the evaporation of pure water and 5% by mass NaCl solution using the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one; in the figure, 1 is an evaporation amount curve when pure water is evaporated in a control group of application example, 2 is an evaporation amount curve when pure water is evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in the first example in an experimental group of application example, and 3 is an evaporation amount curve when a NaCl solution with a mass fraction of 5% is evaporated by using the carbon-based Janus membrane prepared in the first example in an application example;
as can be seen from fig. 11, there is little difference in the evaporation efficiency of the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one for evaporating pure water and NaCl solution with an evaporation mass fraction of 5% under light irradiation, and it is also demonstrated that the carbon-based Janus film in example one has a stable structure under the condition of salt solution, can stably perform water treatment, and can condense light with a thin lens for higher intensity of sunlight and improved light utilization, increasing the evaporation amount of water.
FIG. 12 shows the intensity of light at 6kW/m2The evaporation amount of pure water under the conditions (1) is pure water, 2 is a change in the evaporation amount of pure water with time when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example two is coated on the surface of pure water, and 3 isThe change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example one was coated on the surface of pure water, 4 was the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example three was coated on the surface of pure water, 5 was the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in example four was coated on the surface of pure water, and 6 was the change with time of the evaporation amount of pure water when the carbon-based Janus film prepared in comparative example was coated on the surface of pure water.
As can be seen from fig. 12, a single comparative experiment was designed under the same conditions of other experiments, and only the content of graphene fibers in the carbon-based Janus film in the experiment was changed. Comparing the curve 1 and the curve 6, it can be seen that the Janus film without the added graphene fibers has little influence on the evaporation rate of water, and is basically close to the evaporation rate of pure water; the comparison of the curve 1 with the curves 2, 3, 4 and 5 shows that the evaporation rate of the Janus film to water is improved by times after the graphene fibers are added; as can be seen from the comparison of curves 2, 3, 4 and 5, the more the graphene fiber is added, the better the graphene fiber is, and when the graphene fiber is added beyond a certain limit, the amount of evaporated water is not optimal although the amount of evaporated water is still doubled.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a carbon-based Janus film is characterized in that the preparation method of the carbon-based Janus film is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing MgCO3Fiber:
NaCO with the concentration of 0.5mol/L to 1.5mol/L3The solution is dripped into MgCL with the concentration of 1 mol/L-2 mol/L2·6H2Stirring and drying in O solution to obtain MgCO3Fibers;
the NaCO with the concentration of 0.5-1.5 mol/L in the step one3The solution and MgCL with the concentration of 1 mol/L-2 mol/L2·6H2The volume ratio of the O solution is (20-3000) to (20-3000);
secondly, preparing graphene fibers:
firstly, uniformly paving MgCO in a quartz boat3Fibres which will then be laid with MgCO3Transferring the quartz boat of the fiber into a horizontal CVD furnace, and introducing argon into the horizontal CVD furnaceHeating the horizontal CVD furnace from room temperature to 800-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-15 ℃/min under the protection of argon, stopping introducing argon, introducing hydrogen and absolute ethyl alcohol into the horizontal CVD furnace, finally reacting for 0.5-1 h at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a reaction product;
MgCO described in step two3The volume ratio of the mass of the fiber to the absolute ethyl alcohol is (0.2 g-50 g) to (5 mL-1500 mL);
soaking the reaction product in hydrochloric acid for 10-14 h, taking out, cleaning the reaction product with distilled water until the pH value of the cleaning solution is 7, and drying to obtain graphene fibers;
thirdly, preparing a Janus solution:
uniformly mixing N, N-dimethylformamide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene glycol to obtain a Janus solution;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three is (1 g-3 g) to 100 mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the polyethylene glycol to the N, N-dimethylformamide in the step three (0.05 g-0.15 g) is 100 mL;
the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol in the third step is 1500-4000;
fourthly, preparing a composite film:
adding graphene fibers into the Janus solution, and stirring to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into a Buchner funnel with filter paper, and performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a filter membrane, namely the carbon-based Janus membrane;
the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene fiber to the Janus solution in the step four (3-12 mg) is 5 mL;
the thickness of the carbon-based Janus film in the fourth step is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
2. The method for preparing a carbon-based Janus film according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed in the first step is 50 r/min-400 r/min, and the stirring time is 0.5 h-1.5 h.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step one is 35-65 ℃ and the drying time is 0.5-3.5 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow rate of argon in step two is in the range of 30-50 mL/min.
5. The method for preparing a carbon-based Janus membrane according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen in the second step is 50mL/min to 70 mL/min.
6. The method for preparing a carbon-based Janus membrane according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the absolute ethyl alcohol in the second step is 10mL/min to 30 mL/min.
7. The method for preparing a carbon-based Janus film according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the second step is 1-6 mol/L.
8. The method for preparing a carbon-based Janus film according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed in the fourth step is 50r/min to 450r/min, and the stirring time is 0.5h to 1.5 h.
9. Use of a carbon-based Janus membrane prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein a carbon-based Janus membrane is used for water treatment.
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