CN110236540A - 基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置 - Google Patents

基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置 Download PDF

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CN110236540A
CN110236540A CN201910581665.9A CN201910581665A CN110236540A CN 110236540 A CN110236540 A CN 110236540A CN 201910581665 A CN201910581665 A CN 201910581665A CN 110236540 A CN110236540 A CN 110236540A
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张伟
刘志朋
殷涛
周晓青
马任
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Abstract

一种基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，包括有治疗床，所述治疗床设置在用于改变治疗床位置的线性平移台上，对应于治疗床上病人的病灶分别设置有用于产生静磁场的静磁场产生装置和用于生成脉冲磁场的脉冲磁场产生装置，位于所述病灶的上方设置有用于采集病灶表面不同位置超声信号的超声信号采集装置，还设置有控制计算机，其中，所述超声信号采集装置的信号输出端依次通过信号放大器、采集卡连接控制计算机，所述的控制计算机还通过控制总线连接所述线性平移台、静磁场产生装置、脉冲磁场产生装置以及超声信号采集装置的控制端。本发明将磁性纳米粒子作为溶栓药物注入患者，能够实现血栓显影，可对溶栓情况进行实时评估。

Description

基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种深静脉血栓的清除装置，特别是涉及一种基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置。
背景技术
在深静脉系统血管内由纤维蛋白、血小板、红细胞等血液成分凝结的血块被称为深静脉栓塞(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)，是常见的周围血管疾病。深静脉栓塞多发生于下肢深静脉，阻塞静脉管腔，导致静脉回流障碍，引起远端静脉高压、肢体肿胀、疼痛及浅静脉扩张等临床症状，如不能得到及时治疗，会导致下肢深静脉阻塞或静脉瓣膜功能不全及并发的肺栓塞，是对病人生命安全的一大危害。
常用的急性期治疗方式包括抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗、手术取栓和下腔静脉滤器置入。抗凝治疗采用普通肝素，低分子肝素，华法林等药物，这种治疗方式不适用于有出血倾向或凝血功能方面问题的患者。溶栓治疗指的是药物的机理而非治疗结果，最新的国际ACCP血栓治疗指南里并没有推荐溶栓为下肢深静脉血栓的首选治疗。其原因为：一是静脉血栓的临床表现滞后，溶栓药物对机化的血栓无效；二是溶栓药物的出血风险很大，尤其是高龄病人可能发生致命性脑溢血。在手术取栓方面，并没有使用哪种机械取栓装置的定论，总体感觉机械取栓能明显加速溶栓过程。通过穿刺健侧股静脉和右侧颈内静脉进行下腔静脉滤器置入进行治疗，有腔静脉穿孔发生的危险，当滤器严重倾斜或下腔静脉血栓机化包裹滤器时，由于无法捕捉到滤器回收钩，会导致回收失败。
磁声耦合效应是指当目标体放置于静磁场和脉冲磁场中时，脉冲磁场在目标体中产生感应电流，感应电流在静磁场作用下生成洛伦兹力(Lorentz Force)，引发目标体发生超声振动。当前，磁声耦合效应的应用主要集中于无损生物组织电特性功能成像，通过对超声信号的采集，重建出目标体内的电导率参数空间分布，可以先于生物组织结构变化，提供更有效的组织功能信息用于早期疾病诊断。
在溶栓操作时，采用磁性纳米粒子，纳米粒子在静磁场作用下可以积聚吸附于目标周围，在瞬变磁场作用下发生振动。磁声耦合效应用于血栓消溶的原理主要包括：(1)机械振动：高频洛伦兹力驱使下的栓子纤维蛋白结构松散，充分暴露纤溶酶的作用点，增加酶与纤维蛋白的结合，提高溶栓效应。(2)热效应：局部温度升高，分子布朗运动加快，有利于纤维蛋白溶解酶发挥溶解作用。(3)空化作用：在血栓周围瘀滞的血液中产生大量的微气泡，这种空泡的稳定性较差，产生后迅速崩解，崩解的瞬间产生高压冲击波、射流等对血栓产生机械剪切作用。
血栓显影：同时，基于磁声耦合效应的显影方法，可以通过收集目标体表面溢出的超声信息，重建内部磁性纳米粒子分布情况，实时评估深部静脉内的血栓消溶情况，因此采用磁声耦合效应进行深静脉溶栓和成像评估是有巨大优势的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种能够实现深部静脉血栓消溶并实时进行血栓显影的装置的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，包括有治疗床，所述治疗床设置在用于改变治疗床位置的线性平移台上，对应于治疗床上病人的病灶分别设置有用于产生静磁场的静磁场产生装置和用于生成脉冲磁场的脉冲磁场产生装置，位于所述病灶的上方设置有用于采集病灶表面不同位置超声信号的超声信号采集装置，还设置有控制计算机，其中，所述超声信号采集装置的信号输出端依次通过信号放大器、采集卡连接控制计算机，所述的控制计算机还通过控制总线连接所述线性平移台、静磁场产生装置、脉冲磁场产生装置以及超声信号采集装置的控制端。
所述的静磁场产生装置是在所述病灶前后两侧各设置一个亥姆霍兹线圈，所述的亥姆霍兹线圈的控制输入端连接所述的控制计算机，用于控制亥姆霍兹线圈在病灶处产生静磁场的强度。
所述的脉冲磁场产生装置包括有设置在所述病灶一侧且位于所述的静磁场产生装置之间的用于生成脉冲磁场的激励线圈，以及与所述激励线圈相连用于输出激励信号的激励源，所述激励源的控制输入端连接所述的控制计算机，用于控制激励源使激励线圈产生脉冲磁场的脉冲宽度和强度。
所述激励源所产生的激励信号频率选为20kHz～1MHz。
所述的超声信号采集装置包括有：设置在所述病灶上方的依次通过信号放大器、采集卡连接控制计算机用于采集病灶表面的超声信号的声换能器，以及用于支撑所述的声换能器在所述病灶表面不同位置进行超声信号采集的支撑机构，所述的支撑机构是由能够控制声换能器上下移动的升降台，设置在所述升降台上的用于控制声换能器测量角度的旋转台，以及固定在所述旋转台上的用于支撑所述声换能器的台架，所述升降台、旋转台和声换能器的控制信号输入端通过控制总线与所述的控制计算机相连，用于进行高度、角度和信号测量的参数控制。
本发明的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，将磁性纳米粒子作为溶栓药物注入患者，纳米粒子随血液在体内循环流动，在静磁场作用下，磁性粒子在血栓病患区积聚吸附。在高频瞬变磁场作用下，纳米粒子产生感应电流，静磁场中的感应电流受到洛伦兹力，引发纳米粒子发生高频振动，这种振动可有效作用于栓塞血管内发挥溶栓作用。同时，深部静脉内粒子的高频振动产生超声波动，经患者体表传导到超声换能器，基于声压波动方程建模，设计声信号重建电导率算法，对深部静脉内吸附于血栓的纳米粒子空间分布进行重建，从而实现血栓显影，可对溶栓情况进行实时评估。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置的整体结构示意图。
图中
1：升降台 2：旋转台
3：台架 4：声换能器
5：治疗床 6：线性平移台
7：亥姆霍兹线圈 8：静磁场
9：激励源 10：激励线圈
11：脉冲磁场 12：病灶
13：信号放大器 14：采集卡
15：控制计算机 16：控制总线
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的一种基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置做出详细说明。
本发明的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，通过在稳恒磁场中加载激励磁场产生洛伦兹力引起吸附于目标体的磁性纳米粒子同频振动，同频振动引发的超声振动，能够被体表的超声换能器检测，根据声压波动方程重建体内血管中磁性纳米粒子分布，从而达成对溶栓效果的实时评估。本发明只使用一套磁声耦合效应发生装置实现超声振动和显影两种效果。
如图1所示，本发明包括有治疗床5，所述治疗床5设置在用于改变治疗床5位置的线性平移台6上，对应于治疗床5上病人的病灶12，分别设置有用于产生静磁场8的静磁场发生装置和用于生成脉冲磁场11的脉冲磁场产生装置，位于所述病灶12的上方设置有用于采集病灶12表面不同位置超声信号的超声信号采集装置，还设置有控制计算机15，其中，所述超声信号采集装置的信号输出端依次通过信号放大器13、采集卡14连接控制计算机15，所述的控制计算机15还通过控制总线16连接所述线性平移台6、静磁场产生装置、脉冲磁场产生装置以及超声信号采集装置的控制端。
所述的静磁场产生装置是在所述病灶12前后两侧各设置一个亥姆霍兹线圈7，所述的亥姆霍兹线圈7的控制输入端连接所述的控制计算机15，用于控制亥姆霍兹线圈7在病灶12处产生静磁场8的强度。
所述的脉冲磁场产生装置包括有设置在所述病灶12一侧且位于所述的静磁场产生装置之间的用于生成脉冲磁场的激励线圈10，以及与所述激励线圈10相连用于输出激励信号的激励源9，所述激励源9的控制输入端连接所述的控制计算机15，用于控制激励源9使激励线圈10产生脉冲磁场11的脉冲宽度和强度。所述激励源9所产生的激励信号频率选为20kHz～1MHz。
所述的超声信号采集模块包括：设置在所述病灶12上方的依次通过信号放大器13、采集卡14连接控制计算机15，用于采集病灶12表面的超声信号的声换能器4，以及用于支撑所述的声换能器4在所述病灶12表面不同位置进行超声信号采集的支撑机构，所述声换能器4获得的超声信号首先经过信号放大器13进行放大，后通过采集卡14存入控制计算机15。所述的支撑机构是由能够控制声换能器4上下移动的升降台1，设置在所述升降台1上的用于控制声换能器4测量角度的旋转台2，以及固定在所述旋转台2上的用于支撑所述声换能器4的台架3，所述升降台1、旋转台2和声换能器4的控制信号输入端通过控制总线16与所述的控制计算机15相连，用于进行高度、角度和信号测量的参数控制。
激励信号频率选为20kHz～1MHz，此频率范围的超声具有波长较长、声能吸收少、容易穿透组织、对正常组织损伤小等特点。本发明能够利用磁声耦合效应进行深静脉血栓清除及显影装置的理论依据是：
交变磁场在病患位置附近产生感应电流J(r，t)，根据欧姆定律J(r，t)＝σ(r)E(r，t)，σ(r)为r处电导率，E(r，t)为感应电场强度。静磁场中，磁性纳米粒子受到的洛伦兹力为F(r，t)＝J(r，t)×B0(r，t)。
根据磁声耦合效应声压波动方程：
其中，p(r，t)为磁声耦合声信号，静磁场为B0(r，t)，cs为介质中的声速。从方程(1)中可见，在磁声耦合声信号中反映电导率变化边界位置信息。与人体组织相比，血栓以及附着于其周围的磁性纳米粒子电导率较高，从而能够由电导率边界信息获得准确的血管内血栓结构轮廓。
本发明的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，是磁性纳米粒子受洛伦兹力驱动的同时，通过声换能器对体表的超声信号进行采集，重建磁性纳米粒子分布，实现纳米粒子显影。使用方法如下：
1)将目标区域即病灶12放置于如图1所示的两个亥姆霍兹线圈7之间，注入磁性纳米粒子，通过移动线性平移台6将亥姆霍兹线圈7形成的均匀磁场，磁性纳米粒子聚集吸附于病灶12周围，声换能器4沿垂直方向放置于病灶12部位表面；
2)激励线圈10垂直放置于病灶12，使用1MHz频率的正弦脉冲电压激励输出，使激励线圈10产生交变磁场，磁性纳米粒子生成感生电流，受到洛伦兹力作用，产生超声振动；
3)通过移动声换能器4来接收病灶12表面超声信号，采用1MHz中心频率的声换能器收集信号，通过计算机控制旋转台2的角度，获得各采集点处的磁声信号；
4)求解方程
得到磁声信号重建电导率边界的算法，重建磁性纳米粒子分布，实现对病灶12尺寸的实时评估；
5)通过磁性纳米粒子分布情况，得到病灶12边界图像，调节激励线圈信号强度和位置，提高洛伦兹力振动效果，直至达到满意的目标尺寸。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，包括有治疗床(5)，其特征在于，所述治疗床(5)设置在用于改变治疗床(5)位置的线性平移台(6)上，对应于治疗床(5)上病人的病灶(12)分别设置有用于产生静磁场(8)的静磁场产生装置和用于生成脉冲磁场(11)的脉冲磁场产生装置，位于所述病灶(12)的上方设置有用于采集病灶(12)表面不同位置超声信号的超声信号采集装置，还设置有控制计算机(15)，其中，所述超声信号采集装置的信号输出端依次通过信号放大器(13)、采集卡(14)连接控制计算机(15)，所述的控制计算机(15)还通过控制总线(16)连接所述线性平移台(6)、静磁场产生装置、脉冲磁场产生装置以及超声信号采集装置的控制端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，其特征在于，所述的静磁场产生装置是在所述病灶(12)前后两侧各设置一个亥姆霍兹线圈(7)，所述的亥姆霍兹线圈(7)的控制输入端连接所述的控制计算机(15)，用于控制亥姆霍兹线圈(7)在病灶(12)处产生静磁场(8)的强度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，其特征在于，所述的脉冲磁场产生装置包括有设置在所述病灶(12)一侧且位于所述的静磁场产生装置之间的用于生成脉冲磁场的激励线圈(10)，以及与所述激励线圈(10)相连用于输出激励信号的激励源(9)，所述激励源(9)的控制输入端连接所述的控制计算机(15)，用于控制激励源(9)使激励线圈(10)产生脉冲磁场(11)的脉冲宽度和强度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，其特征在于，所述激励源(9)所产生的激励信号频率选为20kHz～1MHz。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁声耦合效应的深静脉血栓清除及显影装置，其特征在于，所述的超声信号采集装置包括有：设置在所述病灶(12)上方的依次通过信号放大器(13)、采集卡(14)连接控制计算机(15)用于采集病灶(12)表面的超声信号的声换能器(4)，以及用于支撑所述的声换能器(4)在所述病灶(12)表面不同位置进行超声信号采集的支撑机构，所述的支撑机构是由能够控制声换能器(4)上下移动的升降台(1)，设置在所述升降台(1)上的用于控制声换能器(4)测量角度的旋转台(2)，以及固定在所述旋转台(2)上的用于支撑所述声换能器(4)的台架(3)，所述升降台(1)、旋转台(2)和声换能器(4)的控制信号输入端通过控制总线(16)与所述的控制计算机(15)相连，用于进行高度、角度和信号测量的参数控制。
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