CN110233642B - Power carrier communication system and method for optimizing coverage - Google Patents
Power carrier communication system and method for optimizing coverage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110233642B CN110233642B CN201910480728.1A CN201910480728A CN110233642B CN 110233642 B CN110233642 B CN 110233642B CN 201910480728 A CN201910480728 A CN 201910480728A CN 110233642 B CN110233642 B CN 110233642B
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- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
- H04B1/715—Interference-related aspects
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Abstract
The power carrier communication system and method for optimizing the coverage range, which realize the power carrier communication with strong anti-interference capability and wide communication range coverage, comprises: the repeater is installed on a power line, the repeater is used for receiving a terminal signal and sending the signal to the terminal, the repeater is configured to judge the distance between the terminal and the repeater according to the communication time, and the repeater is configured to perform frequency hopping communication with the terminal according to the distance between the terminal and the repeater.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication system and method, and more particularly, to a power line carrier communication system and method for optimizing a coverage area.
Background
Power line carrier communication (power line carrier communication) is power system communication in which a power transmission line is a transmission medium of a carrier signal. Because the transmission line has a very firm supporting structure and is provided with more than 3 conductors (generally comprising three-phase good conductors and one or two overhead ground wires), the transmission line is used for transmitting carrier signals while transmitting power frequency current, and is economical and very reliable. This comprehensive utilization has long been the preferred communication means for all power departments in the world.
One of the most fundamental tasks in the power line carrier communication system is to select different modulation schemes according to different communication channels.
Generally, a baseband signal contains a direct current component and a frequency component with a lower frequency, and is often not directly transmitted in a channel as a transmission signal, and therefore, the baseband signal must be converted into a band-pass signal (modulated signal) with a very high frequency relative to the baseband frequency to be suitable for channel transmission.
The quality of a communication system depends to a large extent on the modulation scheme used. The modulation scheme is selected based on the channel characteristics in the system in order to match the signal characteristics to the channel characteristics. Obviously, different types of modulation schemes exist for different types of channel characteristics.
In a method adopted by general power carrier communication, because of the existence of the transformers, the transformers can isolate signals, an independent communication area is formed under each transformer, and external signals cannot be transmitted, so that devices in the area can communicate with each other.
The terminal equipment is installed on the power line, but because the phases are isolated from each other, a repeater is required to be installed on the power line, and the repeater is communicated with all the phase lines.
The existing modulation mode depending on power carrier communication has the following defects:
the power line has its own impulse disturbances. When the currently used alternating current has 50HZ and 60HZ, the period is 20ms and 16.7ms, and in each alternating current period, two peak values appear, which can bring about two pulse interferences, namely, the power line has fixed 100HZ or 120HZ pulse interferences, and the interference time is about 2ms, so the interferences must be processed;
when a plurality of communication devices exist in the same communication area and need to communicate with each other, once the devices operate simultaneously, the devices will interfere with each other to influence the communication quality;
the power line causes a high reduction in the carrier signal. When the load on the power line is heavy, the line impedance can reach below 1 ohm, resulting in high reduction of the carrier signal. In practice, when the power line is empty, the point-to-point carrier signal can be transmitted over several kilometers. But when the load on the power line is heavy, only tens of meters can be transmitted.
The invention content is as follows:
the present invention solves one or more of the problems set forth above by providing a power carrier communication system and method that optimizes coverage.
The power carrier communication system with optimized coverage comprises: the repeater is arranged on the power line and used for receiving a terminal signal and sending the signal to the terminal, the repeater is configured to record time information used for finishing communication, and the repeater is configured to carry out frequency hopping communication with the terminal according to the communication time of the terminal and the repeater.
The repeater and the terminal adopt a frequency hopping technology, and other interference on a power line is eliminated by utilizing the anti-interference characteristic of the frequency hopping technology, so that the communication quality is ensured.
In some embodiments, there are two or more repeaters in the system, with fixed frequency communication between the repeaters.
In some embodiments, there are three or more repeaters in the system, and the repeaters communicate with each other in a cascade manner.
The fixed communication frequency is matched with a cascading mode, so that stable communication can be ensured for two relays which are far away.
In some embodiments, the repeater screens the terminals in the region according to the frequency and the threshold value of the received terminal signal, and determines all the terminals in the region according to the communication time and determines the topology.
A plurality of repeaters and communication terminals are distributed in a communication range, and it is necessary to determine which terminal devices need to communicate through the repeaters in an area to which each repeater belongs after determining a topological structure.
The power carrier communication system with optimized coverage comprises: the terminal is configured to receive the repeater signal, the repeater signal comprises communication time information of the terminal and the repeater, the terminal determines a frequency hopping communication method according to the communication time information, and frequency hopping communication is carried out between the terminal and the repeater.
The repeater and the terminal adopt a frequency hopping technology, and other interference on a power line is eliminated by utilizing the anti-interference characteristic of the frequency hopping technology, so that the communication quality is ensured.
In some embodiments, when a plurality of repeaters are present in the system, the terminal determines a repeater closest to itself according to the communication time information and then performs frequency hopping communication therewith.
The closer the distance, the less interference and the better the communication quality.
The power carrier communication method for optimizing the coverage area comprises the following steps:
s1: the repeater sends instruction signals to all terminal devices, wherein the instruction signals comprise acquisition table number instructions, initial device numbers and communication intervals;
s2: all terminals on the phase lines receive the instruction signals, analyze the equipment number ID and calculate the own time for uploading the table number;
s3: the terminal sends a signal to the repeater according to the instruction requirement, wherein the signal comprises the ID of the terminal;
s4: the repeater receives the terminal signal, stores the signal information and simultaneously stores the communication time for finishing the communication;
s5: the repeater sends communication time information to all terminals, and the terminals receive the communication time information;
s6: the repeater and the terminal determine a frequency hopping method according to the communication time information;
s7: and the repeater and the terminal carry out frequency hopping communication according to a frequency hopping method.
The repeater and the terminal adopt a frequency hopping technology, and other interference on a power line is eliminated by utilizing the anti-interference characteristic of the frequency hopping technology, so that the communication quality is ensured.
In some embodiments, the communication between the repeater and the terminal is performed using a fixed frequency point in steps S1 to S5.
Before the frequency hopping method is not determined, the repeater and the terminal need to communicate by means of fixed frequency.
In some embodiments, after step S4, the method further includes:
s41: the repeater determines a terminal within a communication range according to the frequency of the received signal and a threshold value;
s42: after the repeater determines the terminal in the communication range, the repeater determines the terminal belonging to the area according to the communication time, and a topological structure is formed.
A plurality of repeaters and terminals are distributed in a communication range, the repeaters can distribute the terminals to each other only by determining a topological structure, and terminal equipment in the areas to which the repeaters belong is determined to form a topology in which one repeater is connected with a plurality of terminals.
In some embodiments, after step S6, the method further includes:
s61: the terminal determines the nearest repeater to the terminal and takes the nearest repeater as a communication object of the terminal.
The terminal also needs to determine the frequency hopping communication repeater with itself.
In some embodiments, when there are multiple repeaters in the system, after step S7, the method further includes:
s8: the relays adopt fixed frequency to communicate;
when the communication range is large, a plurality of repeaters need to be deployed, and communication is performed between the repeaters through a fixed frequency, so that the communication range is expanded.
In some embodiments, when there are three or more repeaters in the system, after step S7, the method further includes:
s8: the repeater 1 and the repeater 2 determine a communication frequency point F12, the repeater 2 and the repeater 3 determine communication frequency points F23 and … …, and the repeater n +1 determine a communication frequency point F (n) (n + 1);
s9: any two repeaters communicate with each other in a cascade mode.
When the repeater uses fixed frequency communication, the communication range is limited, so that the communication range needs to be expanded in a cascading manner.
Has the advantages that:
the device judges the distance by calculating the communication time between the repeater and the terminal without calculating the actual distance, determines the frequency hopping connection mode through the communication time, and performs frequency hopping communication connection according to the mode.
Frequency hopping is one of the most commonly used spread spectrum methods, and the operating principle thereof is a communication method in which the carrier frequencies of signals transmitted by both the transmitter and the receiver are discretely changed according to a predetermined rule, that is, the carrier frequencies used in communication are randomly hopped under the control of a pseudo-random change code. In terms of implementation of communication technology, "frequency hopping" is a communication method using code sequences to perform multi-frequency shift keying, and is also a communication system using code-controlled carrier frequency hopping. The frequency hopping communication has good anti-interference capability, and even if some frequency points are interfered, normal communication can still be carried out on other frequency points which are not interfered.
Therefore, for the power carrier communication, the communication range is limited, and once the communication distance is too long, the interference in the line becomes large, so that the interference can be improved by the frequency hopping communication, the communication range is increased, and the communication quality is improved.
The system and the method can well solve the problems in power carrier communication:
for peak pulse interference, the frequency band of the interference is fixed, namely 100HZ or 120HZ, and the interference is only interference of partial frequency points for frequency hopping communication and cannot generate larger influence on the frequency hopping communication;
because different frequency hopping modes are adopted between the repeater and different terminals, the influence of mutual interference of the repeater and different terminals is greatly reduced;
for a power communication system with a larger range, even if the load on a line is larger and the carrier wave is reduced, the problem of larger-range communication can be solved by cascade connection of a plurality of repeaters with shorter distance.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a repeater and a terminal in a power line carrier communication system with optimized coverage according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication method between a repeater and a terminal in the power carrier communication method for optimizing the coverage of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of multiple repeaters in a power carrier communication system with optimized coverage according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-repeater communication method in the power carrier communication method with optimized coverage according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of distance measurement in the power carrier communication method with optimized coverage according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
Specific example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a repeater is installed in the power range of a transformer and corresponds to a plurality of terminals. For example, if the street lamps in a school or a cell need to be controlled, the street lamps are manually controlled to be turned on and off.
The method is characterized in that a relay is arranged on a three-phase circuit, the relay is communicated with all three-phase phases, different terminals (street lamp switch controllers in the scene) are arranged on different quadrants, and the relay and the other terminals form a communication system in the area because other electric power communication equipment does not exist in an electric power circuit under the transformer.
When networking communication is needed, the system carries out communication through the following steps:
s1: the repeater sends instruction signals to all terminal devices, wherein the instruction signals comprise acquisition table number instructions, initial device numbers and communication intervals;
s2: all terminals on the phase lines receive the instruction signals, analyze the equipment number ID and calculate the own time for uploading the table number;
s3: the terminal sends a signal to the repeater according to the instruction requirement, wherein the signal comprises the ID of the terminal;
s4: the repeater receives a terminal signal to obtain communication time information;
s5: the repeater sends communication time information to all terminals, and the terminals receive the communication time information;
s6: the repeater and the terminal determine a frequency hopping method according to the communication time information;
s7: and the repeater and the terminal carry out frequency hopping communication according to a frequency hopping method.
The communication method is divided into two main stages, the first stage is S1-S5, the repeater and the terminal need to communicate with each other to determine the distance (i.e. communication time) and the communication method, at this time, the communication frequency between the repeater and the terminal is fixed, and the frequency is the carrier fundamental frequency of the repeater.
The second stage is S6-S7, the repeater and the terminal determine the frequency hopping mode to carry out the frequency hopping communication, and the frequency hopping communication mode is as follows:
and determining M frequency points and incremental quantity M under the fundamental frequency on the basis of the repeater carrier fundamental frequency Fx.
Both the UE (terminal equipment) and the Relay have a hierarchical counter for generating local time information and generating the next frequency point through a feedback shift register (LFSR). The hierarchical counters include a clock counter, a slot counter, and a frame counter. The clock counter is used for recording the number of clocks in each time slot; the time slot counter counts according to the carry mark of the clock counter, and records the number of time slots in each frame; the frame counter is used for recording the frame number as a local time information value.
The real-time communication data frame is divided into a plurality of time slots for transmission, and the time slots comprise 1 synchronous time slot and a plurality of service time slots. The synchronous time slot data packet stores the time information of the transmitting terminal, and the service time slot data packet stores the effective data to be transmitted. During the synchronous time slot, the receiving end receives the time information from the transmitting end, corrects the local time information, clears the grading counter, and uses the received time information value as the initial value of the feedback shift register. During the service time slot, the transmitting end and the receiving end shift and update the frequency point through respective feedback shift registers, so that the frequency hopping communication modes of the transmitting end and the receiving end are consistent, and the frequency hopping synchronization is realized.
Specific example 2:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the communication range of the power carrier communication is large, that is, one repeater cannot cover all terminals, multiple repeaters and multiple terminals are needed to cooperate with each other, so as to form a complete coverage of the communication range.
The repeaters are installed in a distributed mode during installation, and the repeaters communicate with each other through fixed frequency, so that the distance between the repeaters and the repeaters is ensured to be within a communication range during installation, each repeater is fixedly responsible for an area, and all terminals in the area communicate with the repeater.
Since there are multiple repeaters and terminals in the communication network, it is first necessary for the repeaters to identify the network, and on the basis of embodiment 1, after step S4, the method further includes:
s41: the repeater determines a terminal within a communication range according to the frequency of the received signal and a threshold value;
s42: after the repeater determines the terminal in the communication range, the repeater determines the terminal belonging to the area according to the distance, and a topological structure is formed.
The high-frequency signal of carrier communication is generally carried on the voltage signal, and the waveform of the voltage signal of each phase does not change much (the current difference is large) theoretically under the same transformer, so that the high-frequency signal of carrier communication is taken as the theoretical basis of carrier transmission.
But with different distances, the high frequency signals carried on the ac voltage will have a subtle attenuation or interference with distance. Wherein the attenuation determines the distance; the interference determines the area (one for each repeater).
Therefore, the repeater determines whether the terminal device exists according to the frequency and the threshold of the received signal during the receiving process, and determines whether the terminal device belongs to the local area according to the communication time information.
After each repeater determines the terminal in the area, the topology of the communication network, i.e. the combination of the star topologies, is defined.
The terminal also needs to determine the repeater communicating with itself, so there are:
step S61: the terminal determines the nearest repeater to the terminal and takes the nearest repeater as a communication object of the terminal.
So far, all the devices in the network complete networking work.
During communication, each repeater has different frequency points, N repeaters exist in a certain scene, and the fundamental frequencies of the repeaters are F1 and F2 … Fn;
after the UE determines the nearest Relay Fx of the connection, the fundamental frequency of the connection is determined. There are M bins above and below the fundamental frequency, generally increasing in HZ to the next bin.
If the fundamental frequency of a certain repeater is 22.5KHZ, and each incremental frequency is 2.25KHZ, the signal frequency points near the fundamental frequency have:
(22.5K-2.25*4K)HZ、
(22.5K-2.25*3K)HZ、
(22.5K-2.25*3K)HZ、
(22.5K-2.25*1K)HZ
(22.5K)HZ
(22.5K+2.25*1K)HZ
(22.5K+2.25*2K)HZ
(22.5K+2.25*3K)HZ
(22.5K+2.25*4K)HZ
the repeater and the terminal in the area are in frequency hopping communication through the fundamental frequency of 22.5KHZ and the signal frequency point under the fundamental frequency.
Specific example 3:
because fixed frequency communications are employed between repeaters, the range of communications between repeaters is still limited.
Therefore, if the communication range is further expanded compared to embodiment 2, there is a problem that the quality of direct communication between some two repeaters is not good.
Then, on the basis of the specific embodiment 2, there is further the step of:
s8: the repeater 1 and the repeater 2 determine a communication frequency point F12, the repeater 2 and the repeater 3 determine communication frequency points F23 and … …, and the repeater n +1 determine a communication frequency point F (n) (n + 1);
s9: any two repeaters communicate with each other in a cascade mode.
Specifically to the application scenario:
as shown in fig. 3, when the communication is performed in the cascade manner:
example 1: assuming that the application scene is a street lamp on a line, a linear distribution is presented among the repeaters, that is, the repeaters on the physical layer are arranged in the sequence of power lines one by one.
The power line of the street lamp is provided with a repeater 1, a repeater 2 and a repeater 3 … …, and during communication:
repeater n-1-repeater n, fixed frequency point Fn-1;
when the repeater 1 communicates with the repeater 3, communication needs to be performed through the repeater 3, that is, the repeater 1, the repeater 2, and the repeater 3.
Example 2: suppose that two communication areas exist in the application scene, the repeater 1 and the repeater 3 are respectively responsible for the areas, but the repeater 1 and the repeater 3 cannot be directly connected through a fixed frequency point due to distance limitation. Then, a repeater 3 needs to be added between the repeater 1 and the repeater 2, and the communication system is:
repeater 1-repeater 2-repeater 3
The added repeater 2 is a common superordinate repeater of the repeater 1 and the repeater 3.
On this basis, if there are additional identical cascading systems in the communication system, for example: although there are repeater 5, repeater 6 and repeater 7, if direct communication cannot be performed between repeater 6 and repeater 2, it is necessary to add repeater 8 as a common upper stage of repeater 2 and repeater 6.
When the repeater 1 communicates with the repeater 5, the communication link is:
repeater 1-repeater 2-repeater 8-repeater 6-repeater 5.
Embodiment 4:
the communication time of the terminal and the repeater is equivalent to the distance information.
The carrier communication is data transmitted in a wired manner in a low-voltage power supply manner, so that taking fig. 5 as an example, different devices establish communication, the total time Ta + Tb + Tc in the whole communication process is different, and based on this, the repeater completes the ID number acquisition of the nearest power device in a manner that the communication completion time is equivalent to the distance corresponding to the communication completion time, and stores the ID number.
That is, assuming that a basic communication time is 1ms, the repeater sends a signal to the terminal, and then the terminal sends a signal to the repeater, and the total time of the process is 2.3ms, the distance between the terminal and the repeater is 2.3ms, and the repeater can judge the distance according to the time data without actually calculating the distance between the repeater and the terminal.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A power carrier communication system with optimized coverage, comprising:
at least one repeater mounted on a power line;
the repeater is used for receiving a terminal signal and sending the signal to the terminal, and the repeater is configured to record communication time for the repeater and the terminal to finish communication;
the repeater is configured to perform frequency hopping communication with the terminal according to the communication time between the terminal and the repeater;
two or more of the repeaters are present in the system, the repeaters communicate with each other via a fixed frequency;
when three or more repeaters exist in the system, the repeaters communicate with each other in a cascade mode.
2. The optimized coverage power carrier communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the repeater screens the terminals in the region according to the frequency and the threshold value of the received terminal signal;
and the repeater determines all terminals in the region according to the communication time and determines the topological structure.
3. A power carrier communication system with optimized coverage, comprising:
at least one terminal, wherein the terminal is configured to send a signal to the repeater according to the repeater instruction requirement, and the signal contains the self ID;
the terminal is configured to receive a repeater signal, wherein the repeater signal comprises communication time between the terminal and a repeater;
and the terminal determines a frequency hopping communication method according to the communication time, and frequency hopping communication is carried out between the terminal and the repeater.
4. The optimized coverage power carrier communication system as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
when a plurality of repeaters exist in the system, the terminal determines the closest repeater according to the time information;
and the terminal and the repeater closest to the terminal carry out frequency hopping communication.
5. The power carrier communication method for optimizing the coverage area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the repeater sends instruction signals to all terminal devices, wherein the instruction signals comprise acquisition table number instructions, initial device numbers and communication intervals;
s2: all terminals on the phase lines receive the instruction signals, analyze the equipment number ID and calculate the own time for uploading the table number;
s3: the terminal sends a signal to the repeater according to the instruction requirement, wherein the signal comprises the ID of the terminal;
s4: the repeater receives the terminal signal, stores the signal information and simultaneously stores the communication time for finishing the communication;
s5: the repeater sends communication time information to all terminals, and the terminals receive the communication time information;
s6: the repeater and the terminal determine a frequency hopping method according to the communication time information;
s7: carrying out frequency hopping communication between the repeater and the terminal according to a frequency hopping method;
and in the steps S1-S5, the repeater and the terminal adopt fixed frequency points for communication.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein after the step S4, the method further comprises:
s41: the repeater determines a terminal within a communication range according to the frequency of the received signal and a threshold value;
s42: after the repeater determines the terminal in the communication range, the repeater determines the terminal belonging to the area according to the communication time information to form a topological structure.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein after the step S6, the method further comprises:
s61: the terminal determines the nearest repeater to the terminal and takes the nearest repeater as a communication object of the terminal.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein when there are multiple repeaters in the system, the step S7 is followed by further comprising:
s8: the repeaters communicate with each other at a fixed frequency.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein when there are three or more repeaters in the system, the method further comprises, after step S7:
s8: the repeater 1 and the repeater 2 determine a communication frequency point F12, the repeater 2 and the repeater 3 determine communication frequency points F23 and … …, and the repeater n +1 determine a communication frequency point F (n) (n + 1);
s9: any two repeaters communicate with each other in a cascade mode.
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| CN109756245A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-14 | 杭州海兴电力科技股份有限公司 | Multifrequency point frequency-hopping communication method based on power line carrier |
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