CN110231174B - Method for rapidly diagnosing carbon deposition degree of engine combustion chamber - Google Patents
Method for rapidly diagnosing carbon deposition degree of engine combustion chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN110231174B CN110231174B CN201910519095.0A CN201910519095A CN110231174B CN 110231174 B CN110231174 B CN 110231174B CN 201910519095 A CN201910519095 A CN 201910519095A CN 110231174 B CN110231174 B CN 110231174B
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a method for rapidly diagnosing the degree of carbon deposition in an engine combustion chamber, which is characterized in that a light source assembly and a photoelectric receiving assembly are arranged at corresponding positions of an engine, different current signals are obtained to judge the degree of carbon deposition in the engine combustion chamber by utilizing the fact that the reflected and diffused light rays are different after the light rays are irradiated in the engine combustion chamber when the degree of carbon deposition in the engine combustion chamber is different, the signal precision is better, the effect of double-limit error comparison is adopted during the comparison of the current signals, namely, the maximum value and the minimum value are respectively compared, the two comparison results are processed by a mathematical method, and the diagnosis accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of maintenance and diagnosis of automobile engine parts, in particular to a method for quickly diagnosing the degree of carbon deposition in an engine combustion chamber.
Background
With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the total market volume of the automobile warranty equipment industry is showing a rapid increase trend, and the demand of people on convenient and good-universality engine diagnosis tools is increasing day by day;
after the engine is used for a long time, carbon deposits usually occur in a combustion chamber of the engine, because when the power of the engine comes from the downward movement of a piston, a mixture of gasoline and air is sucked into a cylinder, then the upward moving piston compresses the oil gas into highly combustible gas, finally a spark plug is ignited to detonate the highly combustible gas, the piston is pushed by the strong explosive force, and the engine generates power. The source of power, namely mixed gas, must enter a combustion chamber through an inlet valve; a small amount of gasoline can be attached to the intake valve, hydrocarbon, paraffin and colloid which cannot be completely combusted in the gasoline can be burnt into colloidal carbon substances when the gasoline meets the high temperature of the combustion chamber, and if the oil nozzle is polluted, the sprayed gasoline is not good in atomization state, the gasoline and air are not uniformly mixed, and the amount of the gasoline condensed on the intake valve can be increased. What is worse, the colloidal carbon has the characteristic of absorbing gasoline, so the layer of carbon deposit can absorb gasoline, the absorbed gasoline is burnt into the colloidal carbon to form thicker carbon deposit, and the thicker carbon deposit can absorb more gasoline, thus vicious circulation is carried out until an inlet valve cannot be tightly closed due to too much carbon deposit, and an engine cannot run.
The cylinder wall, the piston up end, the cylinder cap medial surface that constitute the combustion chamber to and the valve surface all can produce the carbon deposit, in order to diagnose the carbon deposit condition, traditional practice only is with whole the dismantling hoist and mount of engine from the engine compartment, then with cylinder cap and cylinder body separation, in order to look over the condition of combustion chamber, but the process of demolising is very consuming time, and can influence the mounted position of cylinder cap and cylinder body and the sealing performance before both, probably lead to the performance degradation of engine after reinstallating, therefore traditional carbon deposit diagnostic mode is comparatively laggard.
The current new diagnostic technology is an engine endoscope, and the working principle of the engine endoscope is that a spark plug at the upper end of a cylinder cover is pulled out without detaching the cylinder cover, then the endoscope with a camera is inserted into a combustion chamber from a spark plug seat, and then the carbon deposition condition in the combustion chamber is diagnosed according to image or video data. However, the severity of the carbon deposition is judged by the experience of technicians during diagnosis, the observation is limited by the visual range of a camera, the carbon deposition on the surface of a valve is difficult to see, the engine is prohibited after the endoscope is inserted, the endoscope needs to be moved slowly and observed carefully if accurate diagnosis is needed due to different upward positions of pistons in cylinders, the diagnosis process usually takes about thirty minutes, if the number of cylinders of the engine is large, such as a V6 or V8 diesel engine, the diagnosis process takes longer, the endoscope diagnosis mode is usually carried out after the engine cannot work or has a large problem, and the routine engine maintenance does not have the item.
However, the formation time of the carbon deposit of the engine is not fixed according to the influence of factors such as the use habits of a driver, the environment, oil products and the like, so the carbon deposit condition of the combustion chamber should be diagnosed after the engine is used for a certain distance, and the existing disassembly type diagnosis or endoscope diagnosis mode only can adopt a mode of diagnosis after a fault due to long time consumption and cannot meet the use requirements of the existing automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for quickly diagnosing the degree of carbon deposition in the combustion chamber of an engine, which is convenient to use.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: 1. a method for quickly diagnosing the degree of carbon deposition in a combustion chamber of an engine comprises the following steps of firstly defining one or more engines which can be normally used and have complete parts as test engines, wherein the surfaces of a valve, the inner side wall of an air cylinder body and the upper surface of a piston in the test engines are in a normal state without carbon deposition, and the engines can be normally started; the test engine is normally installed on the corresponding type of automobile;
then replacing the normal state valve or cylinder block or piston of one or more positions in the test engine with a fault state valve or fault state cylinder block or fault state piston, wherein the engine is defined as a fault engine; the failure state is that carbon deposition is adhered on the surfaces of the valve, the cylinder body or the piston respectively; according to the adhesion degree of the carbon deposit, the fault states are classified into mild, moderate and severe; after the replacement is finished, the fault engine is normally installed on the automobile with the corresponding model;
defining an engine with unknown state to be diagnosed as an engine to be detected, wherein the engine to be detected is directly installed on a vehicle to be diagnosed and is not detached;
the method is characterized in that: the rapid diagnosis method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing an automobile transmission provided with a test engine in a neutral gear; removing all spark plugs on a cylinder cover of the test engine, mounting a photoelectric receiving assembly on one spark plug seat, and mounting a corresponding number of light source assemblies on the remaining one or more spark plugs; a bolt with the same specification as the thread of the spark plug is arranged on the spark plug seat which is not provided with the photoelectric receiving assembly or the light source assembly; then the following steps are carried out in sequence:
a. turning on an LED lamp in the light source component; igniting by using an automobile key or a key starting button for a period of time, wherein the spark plug is detached, and the engine is driven by the starting motor to rotate at a low speed; the piston in the combustion chamber moves up and down, and the intake valve and the exhaust valve are opened or closed periodically, and the light of the LED lamp positioned in the combustion chamber is transmitted to the vicinity of the photoelectric receiving component in a reflection or diffusion mode in the combustion chamber; when the rotating speed r of the engine exceeds a certain value r1, a photoelectric sensor in the photoelectric receiving assembly starts to receive light illumination to form a current signal, the current signal is sent to the microcomputer through the A/D conversion module, and the signal receiving is stopped after a certain time T;
b. the test engine is replaced by a fault engine, and the number, position and degree of faults in the fault engine are arranged and combined to obtain n fault engines in different states and needing to be tested; repeating the step a for each faulty engine in the permutation and combination mode;
c. replacing the failed engine with the engine to be tested, and repeating the step a;
d. and c, comparing the data obtained in the step c with the data obtained in the step a and the step b, and defining the engine state with the closest comparison result as the state of the engine to be tested.
Preferably, in the step a, the microcomputer takes the collected current signal as a training sample, and performs EMD adaptive decomposition on the current signal x (t) in the training sample, wherein the decomposition method is as follows:
in the above formula, n is the number of decomposed IMF components; cjRepresents the jth IMF component, j = 1,2,3.., n; r isnIs the residual component;
decomposing the mixture to obtain n CjAfter the components, each C is calculated separatelyjSelecting two C with the highest kurtosis value and the second highest kurtosis valuejPerforming linear superposition to obtain a current signal of the characteristic highlight after EMD noise reduction, and then averagely dividing the obtained current signal of the characteristic highlight into m sections according to the time length, and recording the m sections as S1-Sm;
extracting a current wave crest value Imax and a current wave trough value Imin from S1-Sm to obtain S1- [ Imax-0, Imin-0], S2- [ Imax-0, Imin-0] … … Sm- [ Imax-0, Imin-0], and storing data into a database;
in the step b, the faulty engine in the first permutation and combination mode obtains data S1- [ Imax-1, Imin-1], S2- [ Imax-1, Imin-1] … … Sm- [ Imax-1, Imin-1], and so on, and the faulty engine in the nth permutation and combination mode obtains data S1- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ], S2- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ] … … Sm- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ]; and storing the data into a database;
in the step c, data S1- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ], S2- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] … … Sm- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] obtained by the engine to be tested;
in the step d, the [ Imax-x and Imin-x ] are respectively compared with the [ Imax-0 and Imin-0] … … [ Imax-n and Imin-n ].
Preferably, in the step d, the absolute value of the subtraction between Imax-x in the S1 th engine to be tested and Imax-0 in the S1 th database is defined as Δ max-0, and the absolute value of the subtraction between Imin-x in the S1 th engine to be tested and Imin-0 in the S1 th database is defined as Δ min-0; then calculated as follows:
replacing S1 with S2 … … Sm to give Δ 2 … … Δ m;
d, calculating the delta 1-delta m obtained in the step d according to the following formula:
sequentially replacing [ Imax-0 and Imin-0] in the step d with [ Imax-1 and Imin-1] … … [ Imax-n and Imin-n ], and repeating the steps to obtain mu 1 … … mu n; and taking the minimum value mu-min in mu 0-mu n, and marking the state of the engine corresponding to the mu-min as the state of the engine to be tested.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method comprises the steps that different current signals are obtained to judge the carbon deposition degree of the engine combustion chamber by utilizing the fact that the reflected and diffused light rays irradiated inside the engine combustion chamber have different intensities when the carbon deposition degree in the engine combustion chamber is different, the judging process is rapid, fewer disassembled parts are needed, and the diagnosis time period is short; the effect of double-limit error comparison is adopted during current signal comparison, namely the maximum value and the minimum value are respectively compared and the two comparison results are processed by a mathematical method, so that the accuracy of the comparison results is high, and after multi-section comparison is adopted and the comparison errors are appropriately combined, the data result is still correct, so that the diagnosis accuracy is also high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a light source assembly mounted on a spark plug socket;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the photoelectric receiving assembly mounted on the spark plug seat;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the diagnostic device performing a diagnosis.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, the method for rapidly diagnosing the degree of carbon deposition in the combustion chamber of the engine includes firstly defining one or more engines which can be normally used and have complete parts as test engines, wherein the upper surfaces of a valve, an air cylinder body and a piston in the test engines are all in a normal state without carbon deposition, and the engines can be normally started; the test engine is normally installed on the corresponding type of automobile;
then replacing the normal state valve or cylinder block or piston of one or more positions in the test engine with a fault state valve or fault state cylinder block or fault state piston, wherein the engine is defined as a fault engine; the failure state is that carbon deposition is adhered on the surfaces of the valve, the cylinder body or the piston respectively; for example, the failure positions may be valve carbon deposition, cylinder wall carbon deposition, and piston top carbon deposition, or the three parts may be in a failure state at the same time, or any two of the parts may be in a failure state; according to the adhesion degree of the carbon deposit, the fault states are classified into mild, moderate and severe; after the replacement is finished, the fault engine is normally installed on the automobile with the corresponding model;
defining an engine with unknown state to be diagnosed as an engine to be detected, wherein the engine to be detected is directly installed on a vehicle to be diagnosed and is not detached;
the rapid diagnosis method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing an automobile transmission provided with a test engine in a neutral gear; removing all spark plugs on a cylinder cover of the test engine, mounting a photoelectric receiving assembly on one spark plug seat, and mounting a corresponding number of light source assemblies on the remaining one or more spark plugs; a bolt with the same specification as the thread of the spark plug is arranged on the spark plug seat which is not provided with the photoelectric receiving assembly or the light source assembly; then the following steps are carried out in sequence:
a. turning on an LED lamp in the light source component; igniting by using an automobile key or a one-key starting button for a period of time, wherein the recommended ignition duration time range is 2s-4s, the spark plug is removed at the moment, and the engine is driven by a starting motor to rotate at a low speed; the piston in the combustion chamber moves up and down, and the intake valve and the exhaust valve are opened or closed periodically, and the light of the LED lamp positioned in the combustion chamber is transmitted to the vicinity of the photoelectric receiving component in a reflection or diffusion mode in the combustion chamber; the microcomputer is also in communication connection with an OBD diagnosis interface installed on the automobile through an OBD special data line and reads the rotating speed of the engine in real time; when the rotating speed r of the engine exceeds a certain value r1, a photoelectric sensor in the photoelectric receiving assembly starts to receive light illumination to form a current signal, the current signal is sent to the microcomputer through the A/D conversion module, and the signal receiving is stopped after a certain time T; the microcomputer and the automobile OBD interface can be connected by directly installing a wireless signal type OBD data diagnostic instrument on the automobile OBD interface, wireless data signals started by the data diagnostic instrument are transmitted to a wireless signal receiving module additionally installed on the microcomputer, and all the OBD wireless signal sending/receiving modules are mature products and can be directly purchased in the market.
The microcomputer 24 takes the collected current signal as a training sample, and performs EMD adaptive decomposition on the current signal x (t) in the training sample, and the EMD method is a method often used in current signal analysis, and can be theoretically applied to decomposition of any type of time series (signals), so that the method has obvious advantages in processing non-stationary and non-linear data compared with the conventional stationary method. The decomposition method comprises the following steps:
in the above formula, n is the number of decomposed IMF components; cjRepresents the jth IMF component, j = 1,2,3.., n; r isnIs the residual component;
in the above formula, the basic process of decomposition of x (t) is as follows:
finding out all maximum value points of the original data sequence x (t), and fitting by using a cubic spline interpolation function to form an upper envelope line of the original data;
finding out all minimum value points, and fitting all the minimum value points through a cubic spline interpolation function to form a lower envelope curve of the data;
taking the mean value of the upper envelope and the lower envelope as c1, and subtracting the average value c1 from x (t) to obtain a new data sequence r 1;
x（t）-c1=r1
if new data after the envelope averaging is subtracted from the original data, and a negative local maximum and a positive local minimum exist, which indicates that the new data is not an eigenmode function, and the "screening" needs to be continued, r1 is decomposed again, so that r1-c2= r2,
at this time x (t) = c1+ c2+ r2
By analogy in sequence, can obtain
The EMD self-adaptive decomposition process can directly call an EMD module in matlab software to calculate;
decomposing the mixture to obtain n CjAfter the components, each C is calculated separatelyjSelecting two C with the highest kurtosis value and the second highest kurtosis valuejPerforming linear superposition to obtain a current signal of the characteristic highlight after EMD noise reduction, and then averagely dividing the obtained current signal of the characteristic highlight into m sections according to the time length, and recording the m sections as S1-Sm; the time value of each m section is not less than the time length of one period of the engine cycle work;
extracting a current wave crest value Imax and a current wave trough value Imin from S1-Sm to obtain S1- [ Imax-0, Imin-0], S2- [ Imax-0, Imin-0] … … Sm- [ Imax-0, Imin-0], and storing data into a database;
b. the test engine is replaced by a fault engine, and the number, position and degree of faults in the fault engine are arranged and combined to obtain n fault engines in different states and needing to be tested; repeating the steps a to c for each faulty engine in the permutation and combination mode, obtaining data S1- [ Imax-1, Imin-1], S2- [ Imax-1, Imin-1] … … Sm- [ Imax-1, Imin-1] by the faulty engine in the first permutation and combination mode, and the like, obtaining data S1- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ], S2- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ] … … Sm- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ] by the faulty engine in the nth permutation and combination mode; and storing the data into a database;
c. replacing the failed engine with an engine to be tested, and repeating the steps a to c to obtain S1- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ], S2- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] … … Sm- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ];
d. defining the absolute value of subtraction between Imax-x in the S1 th engine to be tested and Imax-0 in the S1 corresponding to the database as delta max-0, and defining the absolute value of subtraction between Imin-x in the S1 th engine to be tested and Imin-0 in the S1 corresponding to the database as delta min-0; then calculated as follows:
replacing S1 with S2 … … Sm to give Δ 2 … … Δ m;
g. d, calculating the delta 1-delta m obtained in the step d according to the following formula:
d, sequentially replacing [ Imax-0 and Imin-0] in the step d with [ Imax-1 and Imin-1] … … [ Imax-n and Imin-n ], and repeating the steps to obtain mu 1 … … mu n; taking the minimum value mu-min in mu 0-mu n, and marking the state of the fault engine corresponding to mu-min as the state of the engine to be tested;
and finishing the diagnosis.
Examples of the above diagnostic method are as follows:
example one
Selecting a Jetta 2016 type automatic transmission car, wherein the engine type is EA113, the engine displacement is 1.6L, the four cylinders are arranged in a straight line, and internal parts of the engine are in a normal state; removing 4 spark plugs, installing a light source assembly at an inlet in front of a throttle valve, and then performing steps a to c, wherein the ignition duration is 4 s; when the rotation speed r of the engine is 120/min at 0.5, the data acquisition is started after 0.5s, the data acquisition time is 3s, the current signals acquired by the photoelectric sensor 22 are averagely divided into 5 sections according to the time period, the total time length of the current signals is 3s, and the time length of each section of signals is 0.6 s; obtaining [ Imax-0, Imin-0] of the S1-S5 section;
step b: four pistons in the test engine are replaced by fault pistons, the fault degree is mild in carbon deposition, and all air valves and air cylinder bodies are normal; the replaced fault engine is installed back to the original vehicle to obtain [ Imax-1, Imin-1] of the S1-S5 section;
four pistons in the test engine are replaced by fault pistons, the fault degree is moderate in carbon deposition, and all the air valves and the air cylinder bodies are normal; the replaced fault engine is installed back to the original vehicle to obtain [ Imax-2, Imin-2] of the S1-S5 section;
replacing four pistons in the test engine with fault pistons, wherein the fault degree is moderate carbon deposition, all inlet valves are replaced with fault valves, and the fault degree is moderate carbon deposition; the replaced fault engine is installed back to the original vehicle to obtain [ Imax-3, Imin-3] of the S1-S5 section;
and c, performing the step: replacing an automobile with the same engine type and the same vehicle type again, wherein the automobile has the driving mileage of 2.5 kilometers, and the engine fault does not occur; taking the vehicle engine as an engine to be tested to obtain [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] of S1-S5 sections; data results are shown in table 1.
The sections S1-S5 in Table 1 correspond to Imax and Imin under different faults respectively
Then according to the data obtained in table 1, performing step d; the resulting parameters are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 u value results
According to table 2, μ 0 is the smallest, so that the fault degree of the automobile [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] to be tested is consistent with the engine state corresponding to [ Imax-1, Imin-1], that is, the engine is normal, the automobile engine is disassembled after the diagnosis of the condition without carbon deposition, the surfaces of the valve and the cylinder block in the combustion chamber of the automobile engine are bright, the peripheries of the top ends of the pistons of the 1 cylinder and the 3 cylinder are slightly carbon deposited, it can also be explained that μ 0 is closer to μ 1 in the diagnosis data, and meanwhile, the calculation result is consistent with the actual condition.
According to the process, an accurate database of the degree of carbon deposition in the engine cylinder is established in advance, and during subsequent use, the carbon deposition condition in each cylinder combustion chamber of the engine can be accurately diagnosed only by measuring the engine to be tested and comparing the measured engine with the database data, so that corresponding maintenance strategies are worked out, for example, light carbon deposition and medium carbon deposition can be removed by using an additive combustion mode, and heavy carbon deposition needs to be removed by disassembling the engine for cleaning and repairing.
The method has the advantages that different current signals are obtained to judge the carbon deposition degree of the engine combustion chamber by utilizing the fact that the reflected and diffused light rays irradiated inside the engine combustion chamber have different intensities when the carbon deposition degree in the engine combustion chamber is different, the judging process is rapid, fewer disassembled parts are needed, the diagnosis time period is short, and the flow is simple; as long as the number of fault models in the database is enough, the diagnosis efficiency is high, EMD noise reduction processing is performed before comparison of current signals, the signal precision is better, a double-limit error comparison effect is adopted during comparison of the current signals, namely, the maximum value and the minimum value are respectively compared, and two comparison results are processed by a mathematical method, so that the accuracy of the comparison results is high, even if the result measured in a certain Sm time period is not accurate enough, for example, the maximum value of S3- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] data in the experiment is slightly larger than that in other time periods, the data results are still correct after multi-section comparison and proper combination processing of the comparison errors are adopted, and therefore, the diagnosis accuracy is also high.
In the actual diagnosis process, the rotating speed of the engine in the data acquisition time period fluctuates, and the rotating speed in each test cannot be completely equal, but the diagnosis method segments the data, and detects the maximum value and the minimum value of the circuit in each segment, so that the fluctuation of the rotating speed only influences the current fluctuation frequency in the segment, the influence on the peak value and the trough value of the current is almost zero, and the fluctuation can be ignored, therefore, the diagnosis method has better practical application value, and the accuracy of the calculation result can be higher as long as the ignition duration is long enough during diagnosis; the requirements on diagnostic personnel are not high, and ordinary maintenance personnel and even automobile drivers can easily master the use method.
In addition, it should be noted that some automobile engines are embedded with cylinder sleeves in detachable cylinder bodies, so that the replacement is convenient, if the cylinder bodies of the engines are not detachable, the cylinder bodies need to be ground in a test engine firstly, and then the cylinder bodies are put into the cylinder sleeves with corresponding sizes for training, and the two types of engines can be directly diagnosed.
According to the method for rapidly diagnosing the carbon deposition degree of the engine combustion chamber, the corresponding diagnosis device comprises a light source component and a photoelectric receiving component, the light source component comprises a plug rod 11, the shape of the plug rod 11 is consistent with that of an engine spark plug, external threads are arranged on the outer side face of one end of the plug rod 11, the plug rod 11 can be installed on a spark plug seat of an engine cylinder cover, the other end of the plug rod 11 is connected with an electric push rod 12 through a bolt or a buckle, an extension rod of the electric push rod 12 penetrates through a through hole formed in the axial direction of the plug rod 11, and an LED lamp 13 is adhered or welded at the end of the; the photoelectric receiving assembly comprises a hollow cylindrical support 21, and the outer side of the support 21 is provided with a thread matched with a spark plug seat; a photoelectric sensor 22 is arranged in a middle through hole of the support 21 and can be bonded or connected in a buckling mode; the end of the photoelectric sensor 22 extends out of the support 21 and enters the combustion chamber; the signal wire of the photoelectric sensor 22 extends out of the support 21 and is in communication connection with the microcomputer 24 through the A/D conversion module; the microcomputer 24 is also in communication connection with the control lines of the electric push rod 12 and the LED lamp 13 respectively; the microcomputer is also in communication connection with an OBD diagnosis interface installed on the automobile through an OBD special data line and reads the rotating speed of the engine in real time; the power lines of the microcomputer 24, the electric push rod 12 and the LED lamp 13 are respectively connected with the battery 14.
The battery 14 is a long lithium battery or a cylindrical lithium battery, the LED lamp 13 is a circular or regular polygonal lamp group formed by arranging a plurality of LED lamp beads on the mounting base plate, or one LED lamp bead, and a circular or regular polygonal lampshade is arranged outside the lamp beads. The LED lamp 13 can be a BMS-G4G9LED lamp bead of Bomingshi, or a TELESKY 1206 LED lamp, or can be a high-brightness LED illuminating lamp bead or lamp post of other types; the electric push rod 12 and the LED lamp 13 can also be connected with a storage battery carried by the automobile or a storage battery carried by the automobile;
the photoelectric sensor 22 is a phototriode or a photodiode, the model can be an E18-D80NK photoelectric sensor module, or a ZH-E3K-DJ7M1 direct current 10-30VDC photoelectric sensor, or other models, the A/D conversion module 23 can be a Jenton D-150-M2 model, or a world communication ADC0832CCNDIP-8/8 bit resolution/dual-channel A/D module, or other models; the microcomputer 24 can be a small computer host for the research IBOX-208 type industry, can also be a Siemens/PLC/6 ES7288-1SR20 host, and can also be an at89c51-24pi type singlechip; the electric push rod can be a CNXCI direct current electric push rod XC860, a Wxtg constant force electric push rod, or other types;
when the sensor, the electric push rod and other electronic equipment are selected and the microcomputer is selected, communication connection can be carried out according to the specifications or connection diagrams of related products.
Claims (3)
1. A method for quickly diagnosing the degree of carbon deposition in a combustion chamber of an engine comprises the following steps of firstly defining one or more engines which can be normally used and have complete parts as test engines, wherein the surfaces of a valve, the inner side wall of an air cylinder body and the upper surface of a piston in the test engines are in a normal state without carbon deposition, and the engines can be normally started; the test engine is normally installed on the corresponding type of automobile;
then replacing the normal state valve or cylinder block or piston of one or more positions in the test engine with a fault state valve or fault state cylinder block or fault state piston, wherein the engine is defined as a fault engine; the failure state is that carbon deposition is adhered on the surfaces of the valve, the cylinder body or the piston respectively; according to the adhesion degree of the carbon deposit, the fault states are classified into mild, moderate and severe; after the replacement is finished, the fault engine is normally installed on the automobile with the corresponding model;
defining an engine with unknown state to be diagnosed as an engine to be detected, wherein the engine to be detected is directly installed on a vehicle to be diagnosed and is not detached;
according to the method for rapidly diagnosing the carbon deposition degree of the engine combustion chamber, the corresponding diagnosis device comprises a light source assembly and a photoelectric receiving assembly, the light source assembly comprises a plug rod (11) with the shape consistent with that of an engine spark plug, an external thread is arranged on the outer side face of one end of the plug rod (11), so that the plug rod (11) can be installed on a spark plug seat of an engine cylinder cover, the other end of the plug rod (11) is connected with an electric push rod (12) through a bolt or a buckle, an extension rod of the electric push rod (12) penetrates into a through hole axially arranged along the plug rod (11), and an LED lamp (13) is adhered or welded at the end of the extension rod of the electric push rod; the photoelectric receiving assembly comprises a hollow cylindrical support (21), and the outer side of the support (21) is provided with a thread matched with a spark plug seat; a photoelectric sensor (22) is arranged in a middle through hole of the support (21); the end of the photoelectric sensor (22) extends out of the support (21) and enters the combustion chamber;
the method is characterized in that: the rapid diagnosis method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing an automobile transmission provided with a test engine in a neutral gear; removing all spark plugs on a cylinder cover of the test engine, mounting a photoelectric receiving assembly on one spark plug seat, and mounting a corresponding number of light source assemblies on the remaining one or more spark plugs; a bolt with the same specification as the thread of the spark plug is arranged on the spark plug seat which is not provided with the photoelectric receiving assembly or the light source assembly; then the following steps are carried out in sequence:
a. turning on an LED lamp in the light source component; igniting by using an automobile key or a key starting button for a period of time, wherein the spark plug is detached, and the engine is driven by the starting motor to rotate at a low speed; the piston in the combustion chamber moves up and down, and the intake valve and the exhaust valve are opened or closed periodically, and the light of the LED lamp positioned in the combustion chamber is transmitted to the vicinity of the photoelectric receiving component in a reflection or diffusion mode in the combustion chamber; when the rotating speed r of the engine exceeds a certain value r1, a photoelectric sensor in the photoelectric receiving assembly starts to receive light illumination to form a current signal, the current signal is sent to the microcomputer through the A/D conversion module, and the signal receiving is stopped after a certain time T;
b. the test engine is replaced by a fault engine, and the number, position and degree of faults in the fault engine are arranged and combined to obtain n fault engines in different states and needing to be tested; repeating the step a for each faulty engine in the permutation and combination mode;
c. replacing the failed engine with the engine to be tested, and repeating the step a;
d. and c, comparing the data obtained in the step c with the data obtained in the step a and the step b, and defining the engine state with the closest comparison result as the state of the engine to be tested.
2. The diagnostic method for rapidly diagnosing the degree of soot in the combustion chamber of the engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the microcomputer takes the collected current signal as a training sample, and EMD self-adaptive decomposition is carried out on the current signal x (t) in the training sample, wherein the decomposition method comprises the following steps:
in the above formula, n is the number of decomposed IMF components; cjRepresents the jth IMF component, j = 1,2,3.., n; r isnIs the residual component;
decomposing the mixture to obtain n CjAfter the components, each C is calculated separatelyjSelecting two C with the highest kurtosis value and the second highest kurtosis valuejLinear superposition is carried out to obtain electricity with highlighted characteristics after EMD noise reductionDividing the acquired current signal with the highlighted characteristics into m sections according to the time length, and recording as S1-Sm;
extracting a current wave crest value Imax and a current wave trough value Imin from S1-Sm to obtain S1- [ Imax-0, Imin-0], S2- [ Imax-0, Imin-0] … … Sm- [ Imax-0, Imin-0], and storing data into a database;
in the step b, the faulty engine in the first permutation and combination mode obtains data S1- [ Imax-1, Imin-1], S2- [ Imax-1, Imin-1] … … Sm- [ Imax-1, Imin-1], and so on, and the faulty engine in the nth permutation and combination mode obtains data S1- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ], S2- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ] … … Sm- [ Imax-n, Imin-n ]; and storing the data into a database;
in the step c, data S1- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ], S2- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] … … Sm- [ Imax-x, Imin-x ] obtained by the engine to be tested;
in the step d, the [ Imax-x and Imin-x ] are respectively compared with the [ Imax-0 and Imin-0] … … [ Imax-n and Imin-n ].
3. The diagnostic method for rapidly diagnosing the degree of soot in the combustion chamber of the engine as set forth in claim 2, wherein: in the step d, the absolute value of the subtraction between Imax-x in the S1 of the engine to be tested and Imax-0 in the S1 corresponding to the database is defined as delta max-0, and the absolute value of the subtraction between Imin-x in the S1 of the engine to be tested and Imin-0 in the S1 corresponding to the database is defined as delta min-0; then calculated as follows:
replacing S1 with S2 … … Sm to give Δ 2 … … Δ m;
d, calculating the delta 1-delta m obtained in the step d according to the following formula:
sequentially replacing [ Imax-0 and Imin-0] in the step d with [ Imax-1 and Imin-1] … … [ Imax-n and Imin-n ], and repeating the steps to obtain mu 1 … … mu n; and taking the minimum value mu-min in mu 0-mu n, and marking the state of the engine corresponding to the mu-min as the state of the engine to be tested.
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