CN110224217A - 一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线 - Google Patents

一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线 Download PDF

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CN110224217A
CN110224217A CN201910601106.XA CN201910601106A CN110224217A CN 110224217 A CN110224217 A CN 110224217A CN 201910601106 A CN201910601106 A CN 201910601106A CN 110224217 A CN110224217 A CN 110224217A
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樊明延
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线属于无线通信领域,本发明创造性的提出了双枝辐射臂天线单元结构,可以使天线等效的电路谐振电路由“单谐振”模式变为“双谐振”模式,在不增大天线尺寸的基础上,有效的展宽了天线带宽。同时,天线采用了微带线的分布匹配技术,通过U型短路微带线对天线单元进行匹配;这样就无需在天线辐射枝上增加接地结构,天线板和馈电电路板只需要馈电柱连接即可,馈电柱既作为馈电结构又可以作为两个电路板之间的支撑结构,一物二用,大大简化了天线结构;并且,由于匹配结构是采用二维的平面电路实现,也非常易于加工和调试。在450MHz的频段该天线的典型尺寸长度可以缩短至18cm;工作频段比同尺寸下的PIFA圆阵天线增加30‑50%。

Description

一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线
技术领域
本发明属于无线通信领域,具体的说是涉及一种用于物联网UHF频段无线通信中集中器、读写器、路由器等设备的一种新型宽带结构设计的一种电小宽带圆极化天线。
技术背景
由于物联网通信技术发展日新月异,目前对物联网无线通信中天线的一些定义还没有形成统一标准。我们借鉴移动通信的一些基本概念,把应用于传感器、标签的天线统称为物联网终端天线,将应用于集中器、读写器、路由器上的天线,我们统称为物联网基站天线。
在物联网发展的初期,物联网基站天线相对简单,一般为全向线极化天线,传感器、标签上的也基本采用线极化单天线。由于传感器、标签等终端设备的安装环境的复杂度很高,无法保证终端天线在实际使用的时候能保证极化。这样基站天线和终端天线很多情况下存在较大的极化损失,大大降低的通信的可靠性、减少了基站覆盖距离、并且加大了终端的通信功耗。如果基站天线、终端采用线极化天线,虽然会恒定有3dB左右的极化损耗;但是这个损耗会远低于两个线极化天线极化严重失配时带来的损耗。因此,在物联网感知层采用圆极化天线来改善和提高通信性能,不失为一种高性价比的方法。
目前圆极化天线一般采用平面贴片天线结构,但是这种天线的典型尺寸在二分之一波长左右,以450MHz频率为例,典型天线尺寸在33cm以上。这样的天线尺寸在实际应用中是困难的。
另外,采用四单元平面倒F天线组成圆阵结构,也是目前较为普遍的天线结构。但是这种天线结构较为复杂,每个天线单元除了馈电结构外,还有需要有对地进行短路匹配的三维结构,不便于实际的加工与调试;而且该种天线的带宽较窄,也影响了该种天线的使用范围。
如何设计一种圆极化、宽频段、尺寸小,结构紧凑,成本低、一致性好,便于安装调试的物联网基站天线,是UHF频段物联网基站天线设计中的难点问题。
发明内容
针对上述技术的缺陷,本发明提供了一种新型宽带结构设计的平面电小圆极化天线,该天线尺寸小、易于集成、一致性好,适用于物联网基站天线领域的新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线。
本发明提供的一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线是由天线单元、天线介质基板、馈电电路板、馈电网络、天线馈电点、天线底板覆铜组成;
进一步说明:天线单元由天线单元双枝辐射臂、天线单元馈电柱、天线单元微带匹配电路组成;
进一步说明:天线单元双枝辐射臂是由两个水平单振子成一定角度叠加而成;
进一步说明:天线单元微带匹配电路由U型微带线和对地短路通孔组成;
进一步说明:馈电网络包含馈电网络功分移相电路、馈电网络第一端口、馈电网络第二端口、馈电网络第三端口、馈电网络第四端口;
进一步说明:天线单元采用印刷电路工艺加工在天线介质基板的顶层上;馈电网络中的馈电网络功分移相电路、馈电网络第一端口、馈电网络第二端口、馈电网络第三端口、馈电网络第四端口与天线单元微带匹配电路、天线馈电点采用印刷电路工艺加工在馈电电路板上,天线底板覆铜则加工在馈电电路板的底层,其中天线单元双肢辐射臂与天线单元馈电柱顶端相连,天线单元馈电柱底端与馈电电路板上的馈电网络中对应的馈电网络端口相连,同时,天线单元馈电柱与U型微带线相连,U型微带线通过对地短路通孔与底板覆铜相连。
一种新型宽带结构设计的平面电小圆极化天线为圆阵列结构,采用4个相同的天线单元,相隔90度均匀分布在圆周上,4个天线单元通过4个天线单元馈电柱分别与对应的馈电网络中的4个馈电网络端口相连,通过馈电网络功分移相电路,从馈电网络的4个端口对与天线馈电点的输入功率进行等幅功率分配,并依次产生为0,-90度,-180度,-270度的相位差。
有益效果:本发明天线不同于一般的圆极化天线。创造性的提出了双枝辐射臂天线单元结构,相比于单枝结构,可以使天线等效的电路谐振电路由“单谐振”模式变为“双谐振”模式,在不增大天线尺寸的基础上,有效的展宽了天线带宽。同时,天线采用了微带线的分布匹配技术,通过U型短路微带线对天线单元进行匹配;这样就无需像PIFA天线那样在天线辐射枝上增加接地结构,天线板和馈电电路板只需要馈电柱连接即可,馈电柱既作为馈电结构又可以作为两个电路板之间的支撑结构,一物二用,大大简化了天线结构;并且,由于匹配结构是采用二维的平面电路实现,也非常易于加工和调试。在450MHz的频段该天线的典型尺寸长度可以缩短至18cm;工作频段比同尺寸下的PIFA圆阵天线增加30-50%。
附图说明
图1本发明天线立体结构示意图
图2本发明馈电层的平面俯视示意图
图3本发明天线的微带匹配结构局部图
如图所示:1、天线单元:1-1、天线单元双枝辐射臂;1-2、天线单元馈电柱; 1-3、天线单元微带匹配电路;1-3-1、U型微带线;1-3-2、对地短路通孔;2、天线介质基板;3、馈电电路板;4、馈电网络:4-1、馈电网络功分移相电路;4-2、馈电网络第一端口;4-3、馈电网络第二端口;4-4、馈电网络第三端口;4-5、馈电网络第四端口;5、天线馈电点;6、天线底板覆铜;
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明结合附图1、附图2、附图3作进一步具体实施说明:一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线是由天线单元1、天线介质基板2、馈电电路板3、馈电网络4;天线馈电点5;天线底板覆铜6组成,
进一步说明:天线单元1由天线单元双枝辐射臂1-1、天线单元馈电柱 1-2、天线单元微带匹配电路1-3组成;
进一步说明:天线单元双枝辐射臂是由两个水平单振子成一定角度叠加而成;
进一步说明:天线单元微带匹配电路1-3由U型微带线1-3-1和对地短路通孔1-3-2组成;
进一步说明:馈电网络4包含馈电网络功分移相电路4-1、馈电网络第一端口4-2、馈电网络第二端口4-3、馈电网络第三端口4-4、馈电网络第四端口 4-5;
进一步说明:天线单元1采用印刷电路工艺加工在天线介质基板2的顶层上;馈电网络4中的馈电网络功分移相电路4-1、馈电网络第一端口4-2、馈电网络第二端口4-3、馈电网络第三端口4-4、馈电网络第四端口4-5与天线单元微带匹配电路1-3、天线馈电点5采用印刷电路工艺加工在馈电电路板3上,天线底板覆铜6则加工在馈电电路板3的底层。其中天线单元双肢辐射臂1-1 与天线单元馈电柱1-2顶端相连,天线单元馈电柱1-2底端与馈电电路板3上的馈电网络4中对应的馈电网络端口相连,同时,天线单元馈电柱1-2与U型微带线1-3-1相连,U型微带线1-3-1通过对地短路通孔1-3-2与底板覆铜6相连。
一种新型宽带结构设计的平面电小圆极化天线为圆阵列结构,采用4个相同的天线单元1,相隔90度均匀分布在圆周上,4个天线单元1通过天线单元馈电柱1-2分别与天线馈电网络4中的馈电网络第一端口4-2、馈电网络第二端口4-3、馈电网络第三端口4-4和馈电网络第四端口4-5的4个端口相连,通过馈电网络功分移相电路4-1,从馈电网络第一端口到馈电网络第四端口的4个端口对与天线馈电点5的输入功率进行等幅功率分配,并依次产生为0,-90度, -180度,-270度的相位差。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴,本发明专利的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (3)

1.一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线,主要是由天线单元、天线介质基板、馈电电路板、馈电网络、天线馈电点、天线底板覆铜组成,其特征在于:天线单元由天线单元双枝辐射臂、天线单元馈电柱、天线单元微带匹配电路组成,天线单元微带匹配电路由U型微带线和对地短路通孔组成;馈电网络包含馈电网络功分移相电路、馈电网络第一端口、馈电网络第二端口、馈电网络第三端口、馈电网络第四端口;天线单元采用印刷电路工艺加工在天线介质基板的顶层上;馈电网络中的馈电网络功分移相电路、馈电网络第一端口、馈电网络第二端口、馈电网络第三端口、馈电网络第四端口与天线单元微带匹配电路、天线馈电点采用印刷电路工艺加工在馈电电路板上,天线底板覆铜则加工在馈电电路板的底层,其中天线单元双枝辐射臂与天线单元馈电柱顶端相连,天线单元馈电柱底端与馈电电路板上的馈电网络中对应的馈电网络端口相连,同时,天线单元馈电柱与U型微带线相连,U型微带线通过对地短路通孔与底板覆铜相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线,其特征在于:天线单元双枝辐射臂是由两个水平单振子成一定角度叠加而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型平面电小宽带圆极化天线,其特征在于:一种新型宽带结构设计的平面电小圆极化天线为圆阵列结构,采用4个相同的天线单元,相隔90度均匀分布在圆周上,4个天线单元通过4个天线单元馈电柱分别与对应的天线馈电网络中的4个网络端口相连,通过馈电网络功分移相电路,从馈电网络的4个端口对与天线馈电点的输入功率进行等幅功率分配,并依次产生为0,-90度,-180度,-270度的相位差。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108172984A (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-06-15 北京北方联星科技有限公司 一种由多个pifa天线组成的圆极化天线

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