CN110221226B - Test method and test system for consistency of battery capacity - Google Patents
Test method and test system for consistency of battery capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110221226B CN110221226B CN201910362022.5A CN201910362022A CN110221226B CN 110221226 B CN110221226 B CN 110221226B CN 201910362022 A CN201910362022 A CN 201910362022A CN 110221226 B CN110221226 B CN 110221226B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and provides a method and a system for testing consistency of battery capacity. The method for testing the consistency of the battery capacity comprises the following steps: under the condition that the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage, stopping charging, and collecting the charging voltage of each battery cell at a first preset moment before the charging is stopped; stopping discharging under the condition that the voltage of any one of the battery cells reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage, and collecting the discharge voltage of each battery cell at a second preset moment before the discharging is stopped; respectively calculating the charging cut-off voltage offset and the discharging cut-off voltage offset of the battery pack based on the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cell; and determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the charging cut-off voltage deviation and the discharging cut-off voltage deviation both belong to the preset defective rate range. The invention can accurately test the consistency of the capacity of the battery pack, thereby prolonging the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method and a system for testing consistency of battery capacity.
Background
The capacity is one of the important performance indexes of the power battery, and the capacity of a single battery cell can be tested when the single battery cell leaves a factory, and the battery cell capacities are different due to the inconsistency of materials, processes and environments. Therefore, the capacity of the battery cells can be graded according to a certain control line before the single-core factory leaves, the battery cells in the same grade can be assembled into a battery pack, and the subsequent cycle life of the battery pack with good battery cell capacity consistency is longer than that of the battery pack with poor consistency.
The conventional method for testing the capacity of the battery pack in mass production is generally based on an ampere-hour integral formula, but the consistency of the capacity of the battery pack is not tested. Therefore, a method capable of accurately measuring the consistency of the battery pack content is urgently needed at present so as to prolong the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to a method for testing consistency of battery capacity, so as to accurately test consistency of battery pack capacity, thereby improving subsequent cycle life of the entire battery pack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for testing consistency of battery capacity comprises the following steps: under the condition that the voltage of any one battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage, stopping charging the battery pack, and acquiring the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cell in the battery pack at a first preset moment before the charging is stoppedCharging of electricity(ii) a Stopping discharging the battery pack when the voltage of any one battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage, and acquiring the discharge voltage U (i) of each battery cell in the battery pack at a second preset moment before the discharge is stoppedDischarge of electricity(ii) a Based on charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge(ii) a And at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified when a first consistency condition is met, wherein the first consistency condition is that the charging cut-off voltage is deviated by delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to the range of the predetermined reject ratio.
Further, the test method further comprises: respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cellmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin(ii) a Determining the charging powers respectivelyMaximum value of pressure UmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminIdentification of the corresponding cell; and at a maximum value U of said charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding cell identification meets a second consistency condition, wherein the second consistency condition is the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminThe corresponding electric core marks are different marks.
Further, the test method further comprises: the method comprises the steps of collecting the discharge time of the battery pack, and determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the discharge time of the battery pack meets a third consistency condition, wherein the third consistency condition is that the discharge time of the battery pack is larger than a preset discharge time, and the preset discharge time is related to the discharge current of the battery pack.
Further, the predetermined defective rate range includes: the method comprises the following steps of determining the capacity consistency grade of a battery pack according to the following method under the condition that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified: at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the first preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs achieves strong consistency; at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the second preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches second-strength consistency; and at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd under the condition that the battery packs belong to the third preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches weak consistency.
Further, the charging voltage based on each battery cell U (i)Charging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeThe method comprises the following steps: respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cellmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin(ii) a Based on charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricityMaximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminCalculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeThe following equations are satisfied, respectively:
wherein, U (i)Charging of electricityCharging voltage for the ith cell, U (i)Discharge of electricityIs the discharge voltage of the ith cell, and N is the number of cells in the battery pack.
Compared with the prior art, the method for testing the consistency of the battery capacity has the following advantages:
(1) firstly, under the condition that the voltage of any electric core in a battery pack reaches a preset charge and discharge cut-off voltage, stopping charging and discharging the battery pack, and acquiring the charge and discharge voltages of each electric core in the battery pack at a preset moment before the charge and discharge are stopped; then, respectively calculating the charging cut-off voltage offset and the discharging cut-off voltage offset of the battery pack based on the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cell; and finally, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the charging cut-off voltage deviation and the discharging cut-off voltage deviation meet consistency conditions. The testing method can prevent the testing under the condition of over-charge or over-discharge of the battery, further avoid influencing the service life of the battery pack, and accurately and visually reflect whether the consistency of the battery capacity is qualified or not according to the charge and discharge cut-off voltage deviation, thereby improving the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack.
(2) And respectively determining the identifications of the corresponding battery cells based on the maximum value of the charging voltage and the minimum value of the discharging voltage of each battery cell, and determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the identifications of the battery cells corresponding to the battery cells are different and the charging cut-off voltage deviation and the discharging cut-off voltage deviation meet consistency conditions. The test method can eliminate the situation that the charging voltage is maximum and the discharging voltage is minimum in the same battery cell, so that the consistency of the capacity of the battery pack can be tested more conveniently.
(3) Through the comparison result of the charging and discharging cut-off voltage deviation and the first preset fraction defective range, the second preset fraction defective range and the third preset fraction defective range, the capacity consistency grade of the battery pack can be determined, so that the battery cores belonging to the same grade can be assembled in one battery pack, and the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack can be further prolonged.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a system for testing the capacity consistency of a battery pack, so as to accurately test the capacity consistency of the battery pack, thereby improving the subsequent cycle life of the entire battery pack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a system for testing the consistency of battery capacity comprising: control means for performing the following operations: stopping charging the battery pack under the condition that the voltage of any one battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage; or under the condition that the voltage of any electric core in the battery pack reaches the preset discharge cut-off voltage, stopping discharging the battery pack, and acquiring the first preset voltage before stopping charging by using a charging voltage acquisition deviceCharging voltage U (i) of each battery cell in the battery pack at any momentCharging of electricity(ii) a The discharge voltage acquisition device is used for acquiring discharge voltages U (i) of all the battery cells in the battery pack at a second preset moment before discharging is stoppedDischarge of electricity(ii) a A computing device based on the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge(ii) a And a conformity determination device for determining the deviation Δ V of the charge cut-off voltageCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified when a first consistency condition is met, wherein the first consistency condition is that the charging cut-off voltage is deviated by delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to the range of the predetermined reject ratio.
Further, the test system further includes: a screening device for screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cell respectivelymaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin(ii) a And the battery cell identification determining unit is used for respectively determining the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminThe corresponding electric core identification, and the consistency qualification determination device is also used for determining the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding cell identification meets a second consistency condition, wherein the second consistency condition is the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminThe corresponding electric core marks are different marks.
Further, the test system further includes: the consistency qualification determination device is further used for determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified when the discharge time of the battery pack meets a third consistency condition, wherein the third consistency condition is that the discharge time of the battery pack is greater than a preset discharge time, and the preset discharge time is related to the discharge current of the battery pack.
Further, the predetermined defective rate range includes: the first default rate scope, the second default rate scope and the third default rate scope, wherein, arbitrary value in the first default rate scope all is less than arbitrary value in the second default rate scope, arbitrary value in the second default rate scope all is less than arbitrary value in the third default rate scope, test system still includes, and uniformity grade determination device for carry out one of following operation: at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the first preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs achieves strong consistency; at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the second preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches second-strength consistency; and at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd under the condition that the battery packs belong to the third preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches weak consistency.
Compared with the prior art, the test system for the consistency of the battery pack capacity and the test method for the consistency of the battery pack capacity have the same advantages, and are not repeated herein.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a machine-readable storage medium for accurately testing the consistency of the capacity of a battery pack, so as to improve the subsequent cycle life of the entire battery pack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to perform the above-described method for testing consistency of battery pack capacity.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the machine-readable storage medium and the method for testing the consistency of the battery capacity are the same, and are not described herein again.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the available capacity of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for testing consistency of battery capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for testing consistency of battery capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a scatter diagram of the charge/discharge cut-off voltages of the battery cells in the battery pack according to the embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a system for testing consistency of battery capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10 control device 20 charging voltage acquisition device
30 discharge voltage acquisition device 40 computing device
50 conformity determination device 100 battery pack
Detailed Description
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Before the technical scheme of the invention is introduced, the relationship between the cell capacity and the charge and discharge cutoff voltage is described. Assuming that the capacity of a single cell is a fixed value, the charge and discharge cutoff voltages and the capacity consistency determine the available capacity of the battery pack (as shown in fig. 1). The offset of the charging and discharging cut-off voltage of each electric core in the battery pack is in negative correlation with the available capacity of the battery pack: the larger the charging and discharging cut-off voltage deviation is, the smaller the available capacity of the battery pack is; the smaller the charge and discharge cutoff voltage deviation is, the larger the available capacity of the battery pack is. Therefore, the consistency of the battery pack capacity can be reflected visually by the offset of the charging and discharging cut-off voltage.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for testing consistency of battery capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the testing method may include the steps of:
step S201, stopping charging the battery pack when the voltage of any battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage, and acquiring the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cell in the battery pack at a first preset moment before the charging is stoppedCharging of electricity。
For example, the battery pack may be charged in a constant current charging manner, and because the capacity difference of each battery cell in the battery pack is that not all the battery cells reach the preset charge cut-off voltage at the same time, the battery pack may be stopped being charged as long as the charge voltage of one of the battery cells reaches the preset charge cut-off voltage. The preset charging cut-off voltage is smaller than the allowed maximum charging cut-off voltage, and the setting of the preset charging cut-off voltage can prevent any electric core in the battery pack from being overcharged, so that the safety of the battery pack is ensured.
In this embodiment, the charging voltage u (i) of each cell in the battery pack may be collected 1 second before the charging is stoppedCharging of electricity。
Step S202, stopping discharging the battery pack under the condition that the voltage of any battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage, and collecting a second preset time before stopping dischargingThe discharge voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is U (i)Discharge of electricity。
For example, the battery pack may be discharged by means of constant current discharge (e.g., 1C) after stopping charging the battery pack and after standing for half an hour (after standing for half an hour, the voltage of each cell in the battery pack becomes stable, and after the voltage is stable, other operations are not performed). Because the capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack is different, not all the battery cells reach the preset discharge cut-off voltage at the same time, the battery pack can be stopped to discharge as long as the discharge voltage of one battery cell reaches the preset discharge cut-off voltage. The preset discharging cut-off voltage is larger than the allowable minimum charging cut-off voltage, and the preset discharging cut-off voltage can prevent any electric core in the battery pack from being over-discharged, so that the safety of the battery pack is ensured.
In this embodiment, the discharge voltage u (i) of each cell in the battery pack may be collected 1 second before stopping dischargingDischarge of electricity。
Step S203, based on the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge。
Charging voltage U (i) from each battery cellCharging of electricityAnd discharge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricityRespectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin. Wherein the charge cut-off voltage is shifted by Δ VCut-off for chargingAverage value of charging voltage of each battery cell
The maximum value U of the charging voltage of each battery cellmaxAssociating; the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAverage value of discharge voltage of each battery cell
Minimum value U of discharge voltage of each battery cellminAnd (4) associating.
Specifically, the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ VCut-off for chargingSatisfy the equation
The discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeSatisfy the equation
Wherein, U (i)Charging of electricityCharging voltage for the ith cell, U (i)Discharge of electricityIs the discharge voltage of the ith cell, and N is the number of cells in the battery pack.
Step S204, in the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd under the condition that a first consistency condition is met, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified.
Wherein the first consistency condition is the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to the range of the predetermined reject ratio. The range of the preset reject ratio can be (0, 6.68 percent)]Interval when the charge cut-off voltage is shifted by Δ VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeBelongs to [0, 6.68%]And when the interval is reached, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified.
The testing method can prevent the testing under the condition of over-charge or over-discharge of the battery, further avoid influencing the service life of the battery pack, and accurately and visually reflect whether the consistency of the battery capacity is qualified or not according to the charge and discharge cut-off voltage deviation, thereby improving the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack.
In a preferred embodiment, except that the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ V is requiredCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeBesides the first consistency condition, a second consistency condition can be set, so that the charging of each battery cell is realizedMaximum value U of the electrical voltagemaxAnd minimum value U of discharge voltageminAnd determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified when the second consistency condition is met.
Specifically, the test method may further include: respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cellmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin(ii) a Determining the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminIdentification of the corresponding cell; and at a maximum value U of said charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminAnd determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding battery core identifier meets a second consistency condition. Wherein the second consistency condition is a maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminThe corresponding electric core marks are different marks.
For example, each battery cell may be numbered according to the position of each battery cell in the battery pack, the number of the battery cell corresponds to the position of the battery cell one by one, and accordingly, the charging (or discharging) voltage of each battery cell acquired by the charging voltage acquisition device (or discharging voltage acquisition device) also corresponds to the number and the position of the battery cell one by one. Firstly, screening to obtain the maximum value U of the charging voltage based on the collected charging voltage signals of each battery cell with different numbersmaxMinimum value of discharge voltage Umin(ii) a Then, U is determinedmax、UminThe number of the corresponding battery cell indicates U if the two numbers are differentmax、UminThe corresponding battery cells are battery cells at different positions. At the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeSatisfies a first consistency condition and Umax、UminAnd determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding battery cells are at different positions. The test method can eliminate the maximum charging voltage of the same battery cellThe case where the discharge voltage is minimum occurs, so that the consistency of the capacity of the battery pack can be tested more readily.
In a more preferred embodiment, except that the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ V is requiredCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeSatisfies a first consistency condition and a maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminBesides the corresponding identification of the battery cell meets the second consistency condition, a third consistency condition can be set, so that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is determined to be qualified under the condition that the discharge time of the battery pack meets the third consistency condition.
Specifically, the test method may further include: the method comprises the steps of collecting the discharge time of the battery pack, and determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the discharge time of the battery pack meets a third consistency condition, wherein the third consistency condition is that the discharge time of the battery pack is larger than a preset discharge time, and the preset discharge time is related to the discharge current of the battery pack. For example, the product of the preset discharge time and the discharge current of the battery pack is a preset capacity value, and the preset discharge time may be set to be 1 hour when the discharge current of the battery pack is 1C; when the discharge current at the battery pack is 3/C, the preset discharge time may be set to 3 hours. Therefore, the capacity of each battery cell is ensured to be larger than the preset capacity value. So that the charge cut-off voltage is deviated by DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeA first consistency condition is satisfied, and a maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminAnd determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding identification of the battery cell meets a second consistency condition and the discharge time of the battery pack is greater than the preset discharge time.
When the capacity consistency of the battery pack is determined to be qualified, the grade of the capacity consistency of the battery pack can be further classified according to the values of the charging and discharging cut-off voltage deviation.
Specifically, the predetermined defective rate range may include: the first predetermined defective rate scope, the second predetermined defective rate scope and the third predetermined defective rate scope, wherein, the arbitrary value in the first predetermined defective rate scope all is less than the arbitrary value in the second predetermined defective rate scope, the arbitrary value in the second predetermined defective rate scope all is less than the arbitrary value in the third predetermined defective rate scope. For example, for the preset defective rate range of [0, 6.68% ] interval, the first preset defective rate range may be [0, 2% ] interval, the second preset defective rate range may be (2%, 4% ] interval, and the third preset defective rate range may be (4%, 6.68% ] interval.
The testing method may further include, in a case where it is determined that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified, determining a capacity consistency level of the battery pack according to the following method: at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the first preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs achieves strong consistency; at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the second preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches second-strength consistency; and at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd under the condition that the battery packs belong to the third preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches weak consistency.
Through the comparison result of the charging and discharging cut-off voltage deviation and the first preset fraction defective range, the second preset fraction defective range and the third preset fraction defective range, the capacity consistency grade of the battery pack can be determined, so that the battery cores belonging to the same grade can be assembled in one battery pack, and the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack can be further prolonged.
In addition, in the preferred embodimentIn an example, the testing method may further include: charging voltage U (i) to each cell in the battery packCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricityA charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingDischarge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd displaying the level of the capacity consistency so that related workers can visually identify the specific data of each battery cell in the battery pack and the specific situation of the capacity consistency of the battery pack. For example, the above data can be presented through a terminal device, which may include a mobile phone, a notebook, or a computer.
Specifically, taking a battery pack composed of 32 cells with a rated capacity of 100AH as an example, a process for testing the capacity consistency of the battery pack is explained and explained in detail.
As shown in fig. 3, the process of testing the capacity consistency of the battery pack is as follows:
step S301, charging the battery pack, and stopping charging the battery pack when the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage.
Step S302, collecting charging voltage U (i) of 32 cells in the battery pack before charging is stopped for 1 secondCharging of electricity。
Specifically, for the charging process, the battery pack is charged in a constant-current charging manner, and meanwhile, the voltage of 32 battery cells is collected by the charging voltage collecting device, and when the voltage of any one of the 32 battery cells reaches the preset charging cut-off voltage, the battery pack is controlled to stop being charged, and the charging voltage of each battery cell 1 second before the charging is stopped is recorded, as shown in table 1.
| Battery cell number (or position) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Charging voltage | 4.2820 | 4.2870 | 4.2920 | 4.2880 | 4.2870 | 4.2850 | 4.2860 | 4.2870 |
| Battery cell number (or position) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| Charging voltage | 4.2910 | 4.2920 | 4.2800 | 4.2950 | 4.2820 | 4.2840 | 4.2900 | 4.2820 |
| Battery cell number (or position) | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Charging voltage | 4.2840 | 4.2810 | 4.2930 | 4.2850 | 4.2840 | 4.2840 | 4.2850 | 4.2830 |
| Battery cell number (or position) | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 |
| Charging voltage | 4.2800 | 4.2910 | 4.2840 | 4.2940 | 4.2930 | 4.2820 | 4.2890 | 4.2920 |
Table 1 charging voltage of each battery cell having different numbers in the battery pack
Step S303, discharging the battery pack, stopping charging the battery pack when the voltage of any one electric core in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage, and meanwhile collecting the discharging time T of the battery pack.
Step S304, collecting charging voltages U (i) of 32 cells in the battery pack before discharging is stopped for 1 secondCharging of electricity。
Specifically, after standing for half an hour, the battery pack is discharged by means of constant current discharge (for example, 1C), and meanwhile, the voltage of 32 cells is collected by the discharge voltage collecting device, when the voltage of any one of the 32 cells reaches the preset discharge cut-off voltage, the battery pack is controlled to stop discharging, and the discharge voltage of each cell before the discharge is stopped for 1 second is recorded, as shown in table 2.
| Battery cell number (or position) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Discharge voltage | 3.0120 | 3.0310 | 2.9830 | 3.0200 | 2.9810 | 2.9980 | 2.9770 | 3.0270 |
| Battery cell number (or position) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| Discharge voltage | 3.0090 | 2.9940 | 2.9970 | 2.7750 | 2.9550 | 3.0270 | 3.0570 | 3.0160 |
| Battery cell number (or position) | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Discharge voltage | 3.0280 | 3.0500 | 2.9500 | 2.9970 | 3.0790 | 3.1250 | 3.0800 | 3.0740 |
| Battery cell number (or position) | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 |
| Discharge voltage | 3.0380 | 3.0500 | 3.0910 | 3.1310 | 3.0800 | 3.0640 | 3.0160 | 3.0500 |
Table 2 discharge voltage of each cell having different number in the battery pack
Step S305, respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the 32 battery cellsmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin。
As can be seen from Table 1, cell No. 12 (N)max12) maximum charging voltage, i.e. maximum value U of said charging voltagemax＝4.2950。
As can be seen from Table 2, cell No. 12 (N)min12) minimum discharge voltage, i.e. minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin＝2.7750。
Step S306, respectively determining the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminNumber N of corresponding battery cellmax、Nmin。
Maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe number of the battery cell corresponding to 4.2950 is No. 12, and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminThe number of the corresponding battery cell is also 12.
Step S307, based on the charging voltage U (i) of the 32 battery cellsCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricityMaximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminCalculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd a stationThe discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge。
Can be calculated based on the data of table 1,
can be calculated based on the data of table 2,
step S308, determining the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeWhether the defect rate meets the preset defect rate range or not, if so, executing the step S309; otherwise, step S313 is performed.
For example, the predetermined defect rate range may be in the interval of [0, 6.68% ].
Step S309, judging the number N of the battery cellmax、NminIf yes, go to step S310; otherwise, step S313 is performed.
Step S310, judging whether the discharge time T of the battery pack is greater than preset discharge time, if so, executing step S311; otherwise, step 313 is performed.
For example, when the discharge current is 1C, the preset discharge time may be 1 hour; when the discharge current is 3/C, the preset discharge time may be 3 hours.
And step S311, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified.
Step S312, according to the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeDetermines a level of capacity uniformity of the battery pack.
At Δ VCut-off for charging、ΔVDischarge of electricityCut-offAre all [0, 2%]When the battery pack is in the interval, determining that the level of the capacity consistency of the battery pack is strong consistency; at Δ VCut-off for charging、ΔVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to (2%, 4%]When the battery pack is in the interval, determining the level of the capacity consistency of the battery pack as second-strength consistency; or at Δ VCut-off for charging、ΔVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to (4%, 6.68%)]And when the battery pack is in the interval, determining that the level of the capacity consistency of the battery pack is weak consistency.
And step 313, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is unqualified.
In addition, the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the 32 battery cells in table 1 and table 2 can also be shown on the terminal equipment. As shown in FIG. 4, the maximum value is 4.3mV, and the unit is 0.05mV, taking the data of the charging voltage as the X axis; the data of the discharge voltage is used as the Y axis, the minimum value is 2.7mV, and the unit is 0.05mV, so that related workers can conveniently monitor the specific conditions of each battery cell.
Of course, the technical solution claimed in the present invention is not limited to the sequence of the steps defined in the above embodiment, and may be executed according to other reasonable step sequences. For example, after steps S301 and S302, data of 32 battery cells may be processed to determine the maximum value U of the discharge voltagemaxAnd the number of the corresponding battery cell, and obtaining the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd then discharging the battery pack, and executing other steps.
In summary, the present invention creatively stops charging and discharging the battery pack when the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack reaches the preset charge and discharge cutoff voltage, and collects the charge and discharge voltages of each battery cell in the battery pack at the preset time before the charge and discharge are stopped; then, respectively calculating the charging cut-off voltage offset and the discharging cut-off voltage offset of the battery pack based on the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cell; and finally, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the charging cut-off voltage deviation and the discharging cut-off voltage deviation meet consistency conditions. The testing method can prevent the testing under the condition of over-charge or over-discharge of the battery, further avoid influencing the service life of the battery pack, and accurately and visually reflect whether the consistency of the battery capacity is qualified or not according to the charge and discharge cut-off voltage deviation, thereby improving the subsequent cycle life of the whole battery pack.
Accordingly, as shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for testing capacity consistency of a battery pack, where the system for testing capacity consistency of a battery pack may include: the device comprises a control device 10, a charging voltage acquisition device 20, a discharging voltage acquisition device 30, a calculation device 40 and a consistency qualification determination device 50.
Wherein the control device 10 is configured to perform the following operations: stopping charging the battery pack 100 when the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack 100 reaches a preset charge cut-off voltage; or when the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack 100 reaches a preset discharge cutoff voltage, stopping discharging the battery pack 100.
The charging voltage collecting device 20 is configured to collect charging voltages u (i) of the battery cells in the battery pack 100 at a first preset time before the charging is stoppedCharging of electricity. The discharge voltage collecting device 30 is configured to collect discharge voltages u (i) of the battery cells in the battery pack 100 at a second preset time before stopping dischargingDischarge of electricity。
Wherein the computing device 40 is based on the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation Δ V of the battery pack 100Cut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge。
Wherein the conformity determination means 50 determines the charging cut-off voltage deviation Δ V at the time of the chargingCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeWhen the first consistency condition is satisfied, it is determined that the capacity consistency of the battery pack 100 is qualified. Wherein the first consistency condition is the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to the range of the predetermined reject ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the test system for the consistency of the battery pack capacity and the test method for the consistency of the battery pack capacity have the same advantages, and are not repeated herein.
Accordingly, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium, which stores instructions for causing a machine to execute the above-mentioned method for testing consistency of battery pack content.
The machine-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Phase Change Random Access Memory (PRAM, also known as RCM/PCRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Flash Memory (Flash Memory) or other Memory technology, compact disc read only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, and various media capable of storing program code.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for testing consistency of battery capacity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
under the condition that the voltage of any one battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage, stopping charging the battery pack, and acquiring the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cell in the battery pack at a first preset moment before the charging is stoppedCharging of electricity；
Stopping discharging the battery pack when the voltage of any one battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset discharge cut-off voltage, and acquiring the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack at a second preset moment before the discharging is stoppedDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricity；
Based on charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge(ii) a And
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified when a first consistency condition is met,
wherein the first consistency condition is the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to the range of the preset defective rate,
wherein the charging voltage based on each battery cell U (i)Charging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeThe method comprises the following steps:
respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cellmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin；
Based on charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricityMaximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminCalculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeThe following equations are satisfied, respectively:
wherein, U (i)Charging of electricityCharging voltage for the ith cell, U (i)Discharge of electricityIs the discharge voltage of the ith cell, and N is the number of cells in the battery pack.
2. The method of testing battery capacity consistency of claim 1, further comprising:
respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cellmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin；
Determining the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminIdentification of the corresponding cell; and
at a maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding cell identification meets a second consistency condition,
wherein the second consistency condition is a maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminThe corresponding electric core marks are different marks.
3. The method of testing battery capacity consistency of claim 1, further comprising: collecting the discharge time of the battery pack,
determining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified in the case that the discharge time of the battery pack satisfies a third consistency condition,
wherein the third consistency condition is that a discharge time of the battery pack is greater than a preset discharge time, which is related to a discharge current of the battery pack.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined reject ratio range comprises: a first predetermined defective rate range, a second predetermined defective rate range and a third predetermined defective rate range, wherein any value in the first predetermined defective rate range is smaller than any value in the second predetermined defective rate range, any value in the second predetermined defective rate range is smaller than any value in the third predetermined defective rate range,
the testing method further comprises the step of determining the capacity consistency grade of the battery pack according to the following method when the capacity consistency of the battery pack is determined to be qualified:
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the first preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs achieves strong consistency;
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the second preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches second-strength consistency; and
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd under the condition that the battery packs belong to the third preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches weak consistency.
5. A system for testing the consistency of battery capacity, the system comprising:
control means for performing the following operations:
stopping charging the battery pack under the condition that the voltage of any one battery cell in the battery pack reaches a preset charging cut-off voltage; or
Stopping discharging the battery pack when the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the battery pack reaches a preset discharge cutoff voltage,
charging voltage acquisition device for acquisition stopCharging voltage U (i) of each battery cell in the battery pack at a first preset moment before charging stoppingCharging of electricity；
The discharge voltage acquisition device is used for acquiring discharge voltages U (i) of all the battery cells in the battery pack at a second preset moment before discharging is stoppedDischarge of electricity；
A computing device based on the charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of discharge(ii) a And
conformity determination means for determining the deviation Δ V of the charge cut-off voltageCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified when a first consistency condition is met,
wherein the first consistency condition is the charge cut-off voltage shift Δ VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAll belong to the range of the preset defective rate,
the computing device is used for charging voltage U (i) based on each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricitySeparately calculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaV of the battery packCut-off for chargingAnd discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeThe method comprises the following steps:
respectively screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cellmaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin；
Based on charging voltage U (i) of each battery cellCharging of electricityDischarge voltage U (i)Discharge of electricityMaximum value U of the charging voltagemaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminCalculating the charge cut-off voltage deviation delta VCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeThe following equations are satisfied, respectively:
wherein, U (i)Charging of electricityCharging voltage for the ith cell, U (i)Discharge of electricityIs the discharge voltage of the ith cell, and N is the number of cells in the battery pack.
6. The system for testing battery pack capacity uniformity of claim 5, further comprising:
a screening device for screening out the maximum value U of the charging voltage from the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of each battery cell respectivelymaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltagemin(ii) a And
a cell identifier determination unit for determining the maximum value U of the charging voltage respectivelymaxAnd a minimum value U of said discharge voltageminThe identity of the corresponding cell is identified,
the conformity determination means is also adapted to determine the maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminDetermining that the capacity consistency of the battery pack is qualified under the condition that the corresponding cell identification meets a second consistency condition,
wherein the second consistency condition is a maximum value U of the charging voltagemaxThe corresponding electric core identification and the minimum value U of the discharge voltageminThe corresponding electric core marks are different marks.
7. The system for testing battery pack capacity uniformity of claim 5, further comprising:
a time acquisition device for acquiring the discharge time of the battery pack,
the consistency-eligibility determination means is further configured to determine that the capacity of the battery pack is consistent and eligible in a case where the discharge time of the battery pack satisfies a third consistency condition,
wherein the third consistency condition is that a discharge time of the battery pack is greater than a preset discharge time, which is related to a discharge current of the battery pack.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the predetermined defect rate range comprises: a first predetermined defective rate range, a second predetermined defective rate range and a third predetermined defective rate range, wherein any value in the first predetermined defective rate range is smaller than any value in the second predetermined defective rate range, any value in the second predetermined defective rate range is smaller than any value in the third predetermined defective rate range,
the test system further comprises a consistency level determination means for performing one of the following operations:
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the first preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs achieves strong consistency;
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeUnder the condition that the battery packs belong to the second preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches second-strength consistency; and
at the charge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off for chargingAnd the discharge cut-off voltage deviation DeltaVCut-off of dischargeAnd under the condition that the battery packs belong to the third preset defective rate range, determining that the capacity consistency of the battery packs reaches weak consistency.
9. A machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to perform the method of testing battery pack content consistency of any of claims 1-4.
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| CN112014748B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2023-03-17 | 宁波维科电池有限公司 | Method and system for testing battery cell capacity |
| CN112505557A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-16 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for dynamically evaluating consistency of battery cells |
| CN112816893B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-11-01 | 上海理工大学 | Method for rapidly estimating capacity of battery pack based on residual charging capacity of battery pack monomer |
| CN113589174B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-06-02 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method and device for predicting consistency of battery cells of lithium ion power battery system |
| CN116774092B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2024-04-09 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Battery detection method, circuit, device, chip and readable storage medium |
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