CN110220472B - Optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behavior of early-age panel - Google Patents
Optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behavior of early-age panel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110220472B CN110220472B CN201910662064.0A CN201910662064A CN110220472B CN 110220472 B CN110220472 B CN 110220472B CN 201910662064 A CN201910662064 A CN 201910662064A CN 110220472 B CN110220472 B CN 110220472B
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 53
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behavior of an early-age panel, which comprises an elastic rod arranged in a metal tube; the surface of the elastic rod is provided with an optical fiber winding groove; the optical fiber winding groove is internally provided with an optical fiber which is clung to the surface of the elastic rod; the tail end of the optical fiber is provided with a free end FBG2 which is not contacted with the surface of the elastic rod; a first grating area for temperature compensation is arranged at the free end FBG2; a second grating area is arranged at the FBG1 of the optical fiber middle section in the optical fiber winding groove; the center wavelengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are different; the invention can ensure that the designed sensor has high precision and range, high survival rate, long-term stability and high compatibility with concrete, and combines the construction environment and service condition of the pavement slab to ensure the convenience of the sensor installation and use and the adaptability of the sensor with the whole monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data sensing for monitoring mechanical behaviors of road boards, in particular to an optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behaviors of early-age boards.
Background
Since the last time, many researchers have found that the long-term durability of concrete structures is closely related to their behavior and character characteristics at the early age stage. Therefore, monitoring and analyzing early-age behavior of concrete structures is very necessary. Early age deformation monitoring research is earlier at home and abroad (1983), pavement early age monitoring is carried out earlier in 1994, the state of the art investigation situation of monitoring at home and abroad is synthesized, cement concrete pavement early age behavior monitoring is over twenty years from 1994, and the monitoring technology closely related to related research results is not perfect.
Warp behavior is an important part of the early-age behavior of pavement boards, and has a significant effect on the long-term service performance of pavement boards. The monitoring of warp behavior is the vertical displacement of each position of the panel. The sensors selected in the previous warp behavior monitoring method are mainly vibrating wire strain gauges and LVDTs. The key technical index of the vibrating wire strain gauge sensor is generally 0.00015mm in precision and 0.45mm in measuring range, and the using method is that the vibrating wire strain gauge sensor is pre-buried between a base layer and a surface layer, one end of the vibrating wire strain gauge sensor is placed in the base layer, and the other end of the vibrating wire strain gauge sensor extends into the surface layer. The key technical parameters of the LVDT sensor are generally 0.001mm precision and 2mm measuring range, and the using method is that a measuring probe is attached to the top of a panel, and then a sensor main body is fixed.
Both types of sensors have amplified highlights in previous warp behavior studies, however they each have limitations: the vibrating wire strain gauge is convenient to use, high in precision and capable of achieving timing automatic acquisition. However, when used for warp behavior monitoring, the survival rate and long-term stability are low. Moreover, the maximum range is only 0.45mm, the magnitude of warpage in numerical analysis and actual measurement can reach 1mm, and the reliability of data is doubtful; the accuracy range of the LVDT can meet the early-age monitoring requirement of the pavement slab. However, the sensor is arranged outside the pavement slab, so that disturbance is easy to generate in severe weather conditions during service of the pavement slab, and measurement errors are generated. Moreover, the internal structure is not installed between the pavement slab and the base layer because the sensor is easy to fail when the internal structure encounters uncured concrete slurry.
To sum up, the existing early-age monitoring of cement concrete pavement slabs also has the following problems:
(1) Early-age pavement slab support status monitoring is difficult. The supporting state comprises a contact supporting state of the plate bottom and the base layer in the concrete curing process, and warping behavior under the influence of vehicle load and environmental factors after the vehicle is passed through. The current research focuses on the warpage research in the curing process, and the measurement points are few (generally in the plate, the plate angle, the plate edge and 1/4 plate), and the actual measurement result shows that the asymmetric warpage phenomenon has larger deviation from the numerical analysis.
(2) The survival rate of the sensor is low. When the vibrating wire strain gauge is used for monitoring vertical displacement, the survival rate of the sensor for measuring the vertical displacement is low due to the influence of severe service environment and dynamic load of a vehicle in long-term monitoring.
(3) The sensor has low precision and range. The traditional monitoring means can not solve the contradiction between the measuring range and the precision.
(4) Does not have long-term stability. Under the condition of environmental load, the warping behavior of the pavement slab is continuously developed in the first 7 days, and the pavement slab tends to be stable in the 7 th to 14 th days. However, the warp behavior of the road deck after service is less studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring the warping behavior of an early-age panel, which can ensure that the designed sensor has high precision and range, high survival rate, long-term stability and high compatibility with concrete, and combines the construction environment and service condition of a road panel to ensure the convenience of the sensor installation and use and the adaptability of an integral monitoring system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
An optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring early-age panel warpage behavior, the sensor comprising an elastic rod disposed within a metal tube; the surface of the elastic rod is provided with an optical fiber winding groove; the optical fiber winding groove is internally provided with an optical fiber which is clung to the surface of the elastic rod; the tail end of the optical fiber is provided with a free end FBG2 which is not contacted with the surface of the elastic rod; a first grating area for temperature compensation is arranged at the free end FBG2; a second grating area is arranged at the FBG1 of the optical fiber middle section in the optical fiber winding groove; the center wavelengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are different.
The optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber.
The lengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are 10mm; the accuracy of the sensor is controlled below 0.01mm, and the measuring range is more than or equal to 1mm.
The elastic rod is a rubber rod; the metal pipe is a stainless steel pipe; one end of the stainless steel tube is provided with a tail fiber hole for leading out the free end FBG 2.
The two ends of the stainless steel tube are shielded by stainless steel sheets; and two ends of the rubber rod are contacted with stainless steel sheets at two ends of the stainless steel tube.
The stainless steel sheets at the two ends of the stainless steel tube apply pressure to the rubber rod and form prestress.
The sensor is buried in the surface layer and the base layer of the pavement slab, and forms a roadbed and pavement sensing monitoring network based on the Internet of things technology according to the mechanical behaviors and information to be monitored, and the roadbed and pavement sensing monitoring network is used for observing the physical state, mechanical response and structural deformation indexes of the pavement slab.
The optical fiber displacement sensor is connected with the real-time acquisition device; the real-time acquisition device acquires monitoring data of the road surface plate and the roadbed through the optical fiber displacement sensor and uploads the data to the remote processing mechanism through wireless transmission equipment.
The preparation of the optical fiber displacement sensor comprises the following steps of;
step S1: polishing two ends of the rubber rod to enable the end surfaces of the two ends to be horizontal and smooth;
step S2: the rubber rod is subjected to a smooth grooving process to prevent the optical fiber from dislocating in the groove. The optical fiber is then wound into a groove; the optical fiber is clung to the surface of the rubber rod as much as possible;
step S3: fixing the wound optical fiber, uniformly coating the prepared adhesive on the end heads of the optical fiber, which are close to the two sides of the rubber rod, and the two ends of the grating area respectively, and waiting for solidification;
step S4: 1 stainless steel sheet is taken, and adhesive is uniformly smeared at the center of the wafer. After a part of the rubber rod is solidified, the rubber rod is placed in the center of the adhesive, and the rubber rod is required to be vertical to the stainless steel sheet in the step after the adhesive is completely solidified;
step S5: the rubber rod passes through a stainless steel tube with a semicircular tail fiber hole at one end, the center axis of the steel tube is kept to coincide with the center axis of the rubber rod, and a stainless steel sheet is fixed at the orifice of the stainless steel tube by using an adhesive; the method comprises the steps that an optical fiber is required to be protected outside a rubber rod to serve as a first grating area for temperature compensation, and the free end FBG2 optical fiber is prevented from being adhered to an adhesive to influence compensation precision;
step S6: sealing the tail end of the optical fiber from the tail fiber Kong Qianchu by using a plastic pipe and an insulating adhesive tape, and keeping the tail end of the extended optical fiber in a free and unstressed state so as to avoid being fixed by an adhesive;
step S7: taking another stainless steel sheet, finishing the installation of the stainless steel sheet at the other end of the stainless steel pipe according to the method of the step S4, and simultaneously ensuring that the rubber rod after the stainless steel sheet is installed is slightly longer than the stainless steel pipe;
step S8: applying prestress to the end of the rubber rod beyond the stainless steel pipe, and taking care to ensure that the stress of the rubber rod is uniform and the rubber rod is kept perpendicular to the steel sheet during loading; after the stainless steel sheet at the end touches the end of the stainless steel tube, the stainless steel sheet is fixed at the end of the stainless steel tube by using an adhesive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can ensure that the designed sensor has high precision and measuring range. As the vertical displacement in the early-age warp monitoring of the panel is more than 0, the main monitoring parameter of the selected sensor is comprehensively considered to be less than or equal to 0.01mm in precision, the measuring range is more than or equal to 1mm, and the test result shows that the precision of the self-made optical fiber displacement sensor can reach 0.0090mm and the calibrating range is 1.009612mm, so that the problem of contradiction between the measuring range and the precision in the early-age monitoring can be solved.
(2) The invention can ensure that the survival rate of the designed sensor is high. The traditional displacement sensor cannot be well adapted to the severe environment in panel construction, and various deactivation conditions often appear, but the optical fiber displacement sensor provided by the invention has the survival rate of 100% as shown by field test results of outdoor platelets.
(3) The invention can ensure that the designed sensor has long-term stability and high compatibility with concrete. The conventional sensor is easy to deactivate or is deactivated in a short service time, and the optical fiber displacement sensor has long-term stability through test detection, combines the construction environment of a pavement slab and service conditions, and can ensure the convenience of the sensor installation and use and the adaptability of the sensor with an integral monitoring system.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the preparation flow of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-stainless steel sheet; 2-stainless steel tube; 3-a rubber rod; 4-single mode optical fiber; 5-a first grating region; 6-a second grating region; 7-pigtail holes.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, a fiber optic displacement sensor for monitoring early age panel warp behavior, the sensor comprising an elastomeric rod disposed within a metal tube; the surface of the elastic rod is provided with an optical fiber winding groove; the optical fiber winding groove is internally provided with an optical fiber which is clung to the surface of the elastic rod; the tail end of the optical fiber is provided with a free end FBG2 which is not contacted with the surface of the elastic rod; a first grating area 5 for temperature compensation is arranged at the free end FBG2; a second grating area 6 is arranged at the FBG1 of the optical fiber middle section in the optical fiber winding groove; the center wavelengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are different.
The optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber 4.
The lengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are 10mm; the accuracy of the sensor is controlled below 0.01mm, and the measuring range is more than or equal to 1mm.
The elastic rod is a rubber rod; the metal pipe is a stainless steel pipe; one end of the stainless steel tube is provided with a pigtail hole 7 for leading out the free end FBG 2.
The two ends of the stainless steel tube 2 are shielded by stainless steel sheets 1; the two ends of the rubber rod 3 are contacted with stainless steel sheets at the two ends of the stainless steel tube.
The stainless steel sheets at the two ends of the stainless steel tube apply pressure to the rubber rod and form prestress.
The sensor is buried in the surface layer and the base layer of the pavement slab, and forms a roadbed and pavement sensing monitoring network based on the Internet of things technology according to the mechanical behaviors and information to be monitored, and the roadbed and pavement sensing monitoring network is used for observing the physical state, mechanical response and structural deformation indexes of the pavement slab.
The optical fiber displacement sensor is connected with the real-time acquisition device; the real-time acquisition device acquires monitoring data of the road surface plate and the roadbed through the optical fiber displacement sensor and uploads the data to the remote processing mechanism through wireless transmission equipment.
The preparation of the optical fiber displacement sensor comprises the following steps of;
step S1: polishing two ends of the rubber rod to enable the end surfaces of the two ends to be horizontal and smooth;
step S2: the rubber rod is subjected to a smooth grooving process to prevent the optical fiber from dislocating in the groove. The optical fiber is then wound into a groove; the optical fiber is clung to the surface of the rubber rod as much as possible;
step S3: fixing the wound optical fiber, uniformly coating the prepared adhesive on the end heads of the optical fiber, which are close to the two sides of the rubber rod, and the two ends of the grating area respectively, and waiting for solidification;
step S4: 1 stainless steel sheet is taken, and adhesive is uniformly smeared at the center of the wafer. After a part of the rubber rod is solidified, the rubber rod is placed in the center of the adhesive, and the rubber rod is required to be vertical to the stainless steel sheet in the step after the adhesive is completely solidified;
step S5: the rubber rod passes through a stainless steel tube with a semicircular tail fiber hole at one end, the center axis of the steel tube is kept to coincide with the center axis of the rubber rod, and a stainless steel sheet is fixed at the orifice of the stainless steel tube by using an adhesive; the method comprises the steps that an optical fiber is required to be protected outside a rubber rod to serve as a first grating area for temperature compensation, and the free end FBG2 optical fiber is prevented from being adhered to an adhesive to influence compensation precision;
step S6: sealing the tail end of the optical fiber from the tail fiber Kong Qianchu by using a plastic pipe and an insulating adhesive tape, and keeping the tail end of the extended optical fiber in a free and unstressed state so as to avoid being fixed by an adhesive;
step S7: taking another stainless steel sheet, finishing the installation of the stainless steel sheet at the other end of the stainless steel pipe according to the method of the step S4, and simultaneously ensuring that the rubber rod after the stainless steel sheet is installed is slightly longer than the stainless steel pipe;
step S8: applying prestress to the end of the rubber rod beyond the stainless steel pipe, and taking care to ensure that the stress of the rubber rod is uniform and the rubber rod is kept perpendicular to the steel sheet during loading; after the stainless steel sheet at the end touches the end of the stainless steel tube, the stainless steel sheet is fixed at the end of the stainless steel tube by using an adhesive.
Example 1:
the optical fiber displacement sensor is prepared from the following materials: 2 stainless steel sheets with the size phi of 40mm multiplied by 5mm;1 hollow stainless steel tube with the dimension phi 22mm multiplied by 1.5mm multiplied by 120mm;
polyurethane rubber rod produced by Shenzhen Jiang Yue plastics Inc. with the size of phi 15mm multiplied by 122mm and the Poisson's ratio of 0.47;
single-mode quartz optical fiber produced by Shenzhen City, shengjia optical communication technology Co., ltd., has an elastic light coefficient Pe of 0.22, and the optical fiber connector is an FC/APC standard connector;
a modified polyacrylic acid adhesive; plastic pipe and insulating adhesive tape.
Example 2:
the optical fiber displacement sensor in the embodiment is implemented in an embedded mode, the base of the optical fiber displacement sensor is a circular plane, the bottom of the optical fiber displacement sensor is fixed by epoxy resin, and the displacement meter is integrally bound on the screw rod.
The method comprises the following steps: before the base layer is poured, marks are made on the original panel, holes are drilled at specific positions on the original panel by electric hammers, screws with the diameters equal to the diameters of the holes are inserted, the screws are kept perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and a small amount of cement mortar is used for fixing the screws. After the cement mortar is solidified, the displacement sensor is firmly bound with the screw rod. When the base layer is poured and vibrated, the position of the sensor is avoided as much as possible, and the sensor is prevented from being damaged.
Example 3:
in the embedded sensor in embodiment 2, when the panel warps, the rubber rod deforms along with the deformation, so that the corresponding light transmission index of the single-mode fiber is changed, the real-time acquisition device is connected with the single-mode fiber, and the deformation of the panel warp is evaluated by measuring the index change of the single-mode fiber.
Claims (6)
1. An optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behavior of an early-age panel, which is characterized in that: the sensor comprises an elastic rod arranged in a metal tube; the surface of the elastic rod is provided with an optical fiber winding groove; the optical fiber winding groove is internally provided with an optical fiber which is clung to the surface of the elastic rod; the saidThe tail end of the optical fiber is provided with a free end FBG which is not contacted with the surface of the elastic rod 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The free end FBG 2 A first grating area for temperature compensation is arranged at the position; fiber intermediate section FBG in fiber winding groove 1 A second grating area is arranged at the position; the center wavelengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are different;
the optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber;
the lengths of the first grating region and the second grating region are 10mm; the precision of the sensor is controlled below 0.01mm, and the measuring range is more than or equal to 1mm;
the elastic rod is a rubber rod; the metal pipe is a stainless steel pipe; one end of the stainless steel tube is provided with an FBG for leading out the free end 2 Is arranged on the tail fiber hole of the fiber.
2. A fiber optic displacement sensor for monitoring early-age panel warp behavior as recited in claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the stainless steel tube are shielded by stainless steel sheets; and two ends of the rubber rod are contacted with stainless steel sheets at two ends of the stainless steel tube.
3. A fiber optic displacement sensor for monitoring early-age panel warp behavior as recited in claim 2, wherein: the stainless steel sheets at the two ends of the stainless steel tube apply pressure to the rubber rod and form prestress.
4. A fiber optic displacement sensor for monitoring early-age panel warp behavior as recited in claim 2, wherein: the sensor is buried in the surface layer and the base layer of the pavement slab, and forms a roadbed and pavement sensing monitoring network based on the Internet of things technology according to the mechanical behaviors and information to be monitored, and the roadbed and pavement sensing monitoring network is used for observing the physical state, mechanical response and structural deformation indexes of the pavement slab.
5. A fiber optic displacement sensor for monitoring early-age panel warp behavior as recited in claim 4, wherein: the optical fiber displacement sensor is connected with the real-time acquisition device; the real-time acquisition device acquires monitoring data of the road surface plate and the roadbed through the optical fiber displacement sensor and uploads the data to the remote processing mechanism through wireless transmission equipment.
6. A fiber optic displacement sensor for monitoring early-age panel warp behavior as recited in claim 2, wherein: the preparation of the optical fiber displacement sensor comprises the following steps of;
step S1: polishing two ends of the rubber rod to enable the end surfaces of the two ends to be horizontal and smooth;
step S2: carrying out smooth grooving treatment on the rubber rod so as to prevent the optical fiber from moving in the groove;
the optical fiber is then wound into a groove; the optical fiber is clung to the surface of the rubber rod as much as possible;
step S3: fixing the wound optical fiber, uniformly coating the prepared adhesive on the end heads of the optical fiber, which are close to the two sides of the rubber rod, and the two ends of the grating area respectively, and waiting for solidification;
step S4: 1 stainless steel sheet is taken, and adhesive is uniformly smeared at the center of the wafer;
after a part of the rubber rod is solidified, the rubber rod is placed in the center of the adhesive, and the rubber rod is required to be vertical to the stainless steel sheet in the step after the adhesive is completely solidified;
step S5: the rubber rod passes through a stainless steel tube with a semicircular tail fiber hole at one end, the center axis of the steel tube is kept to coincide with the center axis of the rubber rod, and a stainless steel sheet is fixed at the orifice of the stainless steel tube by using an adhesive; this step requires protection of the fiber outside the rubber rod as a temperature compensated first grating region and protection of the free end FBG 2 The optical fiber is adhered to the adhesive to influence the compensation precision;
step S6: sealing the tail end of the optical fiber from the tail fiber Kong Qianchu by using a plastic pipe and an insulating adhesive tape, and keeping the tail end of the extended optical fiber in a free and unstressed state so as to avoid being fixed by an adhesive;
step S7: taking another stainless steel sheet, finishing the installation of the stainless steel sheet at the other end of the stainless steel pipe according to the method of the step S4, and simultaneously ensuring that the rubber rod after the stainless steel sheet is installed is slightly longer than the stainless steel pipe;
step S8: applying prestress to the end of the rubber rod beyond the stainless steel pipe, and taking care to ensure that the stress of the rubber rod is uniform and the rubber rod is kept perpendicular to the steel sheet during loading; after the stainless steel sheet at the end touches the end of the stainless steel tube, the stainless steel sheet is fixed at the end of the stainless steel tube by using an adhesive.
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| CN112781632A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-05-11 | 北京信息科技大学 | Spiral optical fiber sensing method for super-elastic soft material |
| CN113720270B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-06-20 | 广州大学 | Method, system, device and storage medium for online measurement of warpage of board type device |
| CN113959527B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-11-24 | 南昌大学 | Liquid level sensor prepared based on plastic optical fiber macrobending method |
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| CN105612410A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-05-25 | 莱恩特拉公司 | Sensor for monitoring rheologically complex flows |
| CN208254423U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-18 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of monitoring concrete entirety freeze thawing expansion strain sensor |
| CN209945270U (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2020-01-14 | 福州大学 | Optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behavior of panel in early age |
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| CN101701450B (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-12-21 | 法尔胜集团公司 | Bridge intelligent cable system with built-in fiber grating sensor |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105612410A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-05-25 | 莱恩特拉公司 | Sensor for monitoring rheologically complex flows |
| CN208254423U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-18 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of monitoring concrete entirety freeze thawing expansion strain sensor |
| CN209945270U (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2020-01-14 | 福州大学 | Optical fiber displacement sensor for monitoring warping behavior of panel in early age |
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