CN110218034A - A kind of method of building waste recovery processing - Google Patents
A kind of method of building waste recovery processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110218034A CN110218034A CN201910535682.9A CN201910535682A CN110218034A CN 110218034 A CN110218034 A CN 110218034A CN 201910535682 A CN201910535682 A CN 201910535682A CN 110218034 A CN110218034 A CN 110218034A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- recycled aggregate
- common brick
- aggregate
- millimeter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of building waste recovery processing; the present invention is by construction waste crushing and screening; recycled aggregate is made; it is made mortar with cement, sand, water again, when preparation, reduces the exploitation to natural resources; urban building waste can be subjected to innoxious, recycling treatment; rubbish is reduced to the pressure in city, building, industry, domestic garbage resource is solved the problems, such as using low, has achieved the effect that turn waste into wealth, protected environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building waste processing technology field, espespecially a kind of method of building waste recovery processing.
Background technique
With the continuous quickening of urbanization process, the generation of building waste and discharge quantity are also in rapid growth in city.
People are while enjoying urban civilization also worried by urban building waste bring: reconstruction of village-in-city is torn open to face and demolishes squatter buildings, is old
The engineering constructions paces such as city transformation are constantly accelerated, and while city becomes more and more U.S., building waste yield is but all with day
Increase, becomes a big difficulty again of environmental protection.Building waste is mainly by inorganic species such as gravel-concrete, broken brick, broken sandy and stony soils
It constitutes, chemical component is silicate, oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, sulfide and sulfate etc., and it is very good to have
Intensity, hardness, wearability, shock resistance flexibility, frost resistance, water resistance etc., i.e., intensity is high, stability is good.Building waste like
The association " sore " of urban construction, both appropriation of land, also seriously affected surrounding enviroment generation, or even bring the trouble in besieged city, was easy
Security risk is generated, the sustainable development of resource and the recycling and reusing of resource are unfavorable for；And the heap of building waste releases meeting
Water resource is polluted, air quality is influenced, if effectively administering not in time, will be had endless trouble.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of building waste recovery processing.
To achieve the goals above, technical solution of the invention are as follows: a kind of method of building waste recovery processing, packet
Include following steps:
(1) is sorted: by wooden unit, the waste plastic, waste paper, steel in common brick class building waste or discarded concrete class building waste
Muscle etc. sorts out, and carries out Classification Management, storage, central selling；
(2) raw material is broken: discarded common brick class building waste or discarded concrete class building waste transport to plant area from removal scene
Afterwards, tentatively broken through jaw crusher row respectively, the building waste coarse fodder of generation by Belt Conveying to hammer mill carry out into
Being crushed for one step, respectively obtains common brick recycled aggregate and regenerative bone material by concrete with certain partial size；
(3) is sieved: broken common brick class recycled aggregate and coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate are sieved through drum screen respectively again,
Screen out the broken common brick class of 5~20 millimeters, 0.16~5 millimeter and 0~0.16 millimeter dust, three kinds of different-grain diameter ranks
Recycled aggregate and coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate carry out classification classification and store respectively, and the aggregate beyond 20 millimeters of partial sizes returns to hammer
Broken crusher machine；
(4) common brick class recycled aggregate coagulation is made using using 5~40 millimeters of common brick class recycled aggregates and cement, middle sand, water in
Soil；Coagulation great soil group regenerated aggregate concrete is made using using 5~40 millimeters of common brick class recycled aggregates and cement, middle sand, water；
(5) utilizes 0.16~5 millimeter of common brick class recycled aggregate and 0~0.16 millimeter of common brick class recycled aggregate and cement, sand, water
Common brick class recycled aggregate mortar is made；Again using 0.16~5 millimeter of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate and 0~0.16 millimeter of coagulation great soil group
Coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate mortar is made in raw aggregate and cement, sand, water.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention by construction waste crushing and screening, is made recycled aggregate, then with cement,
Sand, water are made mortar, when preparation, reduce the exploitation to natural resources, urban building waste can be carried out innoxious, resource
Change processing, reduces rubbish to the pressure in city, solves the problems, such as building, industry, domestic garbage resource using low, reaches
The effect of environment of turning waste into wealth, protect.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method of building waste recovery processing, comprising the following steps:
(1) is by wooden unit, waste plastic, the waste paper, reinforcing bar equal part in common brick class building waste or discarded concrete class building waste
It sorts out and, carry out Classification Management, storage, central selling；
(2) discards common brick class building waste or discarded concrete class building waste passes through respectively after transporting to plant area from removal scene
Jaw crusher row is tentatively broken, and the building waste coarse fodder of generation is further broken by Belt Conveying to hammer mill
It is broken, respectively obtain common brick recycled aggregate and regenerative bone material by concrete with certain partial size；
(3) the broken common brick class recycled aggregate of and coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate are sieved through drum screen respectively again, are screened out
The broken common brick class recycled aggregate of 5~40 millimeters, 0.16~5 millimeter and 0~0.16 millimeter three kinds of different-grain diameter ranks and
Coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate carries out classification classification and stores respectively, and the aggregate beyond 20 millimeters of partial sizes returns to hammer crushing crusher machine；
(4) common brick class recycled aggregate coagulation is made using using 5~40 millimeters of common brick class recycled aggregates and cement, middle sand, water in
Soil；Coagulation great soil group regenerated aggregate concrete is made using using 5~40 millimeters of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregates and cement, middle sand, water；
1) proportion by weight of the coagulation great soil group regenerated aggregate concrete described in are as follows: 11~13 parts of cement, 27~42 parts of middle sand, 5
~40 millimeters of 51~54 parts of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregates, 10~11 parts of water.
2) proportion by weight of the common brick class regenerated aggregate concrete described in are as follows: 8~11 parts of cement, 26~30 parts of middle sand,
5~40 millimeters of 48~51 parts of common brick class recycled aggregates, 11.5~12.5 parts of water.
(5) using 0.16~5 millimeter of common brick class recycled aggregate and 0~0.16 millimeter of common brick class recycled aggregate and cement,
Common brick class recycled aggregate mortar is made in sand, water；Utilize 0.16~5 millimeter of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate and 0~0.16 millimeter of coagulation
Coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate mortar is made in great soil group recycled aggregate and cement, sand, water.
1) proportion by weight of the common brick class recycled aggregate mortar described in are as follows: 12~14.5 parts, 0.16~5 millimeter of cement
78~80 parts, 0~0.16 millimeter 3~5 parts of common brick class recycled aggregate of common brick class recycled aggregate, 10~12 parts of water.
2) proportion by weight of the coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate mortar described in are as follows: 12~15 parts of cement, 0~7 part of middle sand,
0.16~5 millimeter of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate 72~79 parts, 0~0.16 millimeter 4~6 parts of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate, water 9~10
Part.
The above, embodiment is only that preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described, not to of the invention
Range is defined, and under the premise of not departing from the spirit of the technology of the present invention, this field engineers and technicians are to skill of the invention
The various changes and improvements that art scheme is made, should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of building waste recovery processing, comprising the following steps:
(1) is by wooden unit, waste plastic, the waste paper, reinforcing bar equal part in common brick class building waste or discarded concrete class building waste
It sorts out and, carry out Classification Management, storage, central selling；
(2) discards common brick class building waste or discarded concrete class building waste passes through respectively after transporting to plant area from removal scene
Jaw crusher row is tentatively broken, and the building waste coarse fodder of generation is further broken by Belt Conveying to hammer mill
It is broken, respectively obtain common brick recycled aggregate and regenerative bone material by concrete with certain partial size；
(3) the broken common brick class recycled aggregate of and coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate are sieved through drum screen respectively again, are screened out
The broken common brick class recycled aggregate of 5~40 millimeters, 0.16~5 millimeter and 0~0.16 millimeter three kinds of different-grain diameter ranks and
Coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate carries out classification classification and stores respectively, and the aggregate beyond 20 millimeters of partial sizes returns to hammer crushing crusher machine；
(4) common brick class recycled aggregate coagulation is made using using 5~40 millimeters of common brick class recycled aggregates and cement, middle sand, water in
Soil；Coagulation great soil group regenerated aggregate concrete is made using using 5~40 millimeters of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregates and cement, middle sand, water；
(5) utilizes 0.16~5 millimeter of common brick class recycled aggregate and 0~0.16 millimeter of common brick class recycled aggregate and cement, sand, water
Common brick class recycled aggregate mortar is made；Again using 0.16~5 millimeter of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate and 0~0.16 millimeter of coagulation great soil group
Coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate mortar is made in raw aggregate and cement, sand, water.
2. the method for a kind of building waste recovery processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coagulation great soil group is again
The proportion by weight of raw aggregate concrete are as follows: 27~42 parts, 5~40 millimeters 11~13 parts of cement, middle sand coagulation great soil group Regenerated Bones
51~54 parts, 10~11 parts of water of material；
The proportion by weight of the common brick class regenerated aggregate concrete are as follows: 8~11 parts of cement, 26~30 parts of middle sand, 5~40 millis
48~51 parts, 11.5~12.5 parts of water of silver pink brick class recycled aggregate.
3. the method for a kind of building waste recovery processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the common brick class regenerates
The proportion by weight of aggregate mortar are as follows: 12~14.5 parts, 0.16~5 millimeter 78~80 parts of common brick class recycled aggregate of cement, 0~
0.16 millimeter of 3~5 parts of common brick class recycled aggregate, 10~12 parts of water；
The proportion by weight of the coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate mortar are as follows: 12~15 parts of cement, 0~7 part of middle sand, 0.16~5
72~79 parts, 0~0.16 millimeter 4~6 parts of coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate of millimeter coagulation great soil group recycled aggregate, 9~10 parts of water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910535682.9A CN110218034A (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | A kind of method of building waste recovery processing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910535682.9A CN110218034A (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | A kind of method of building waste recovery processing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110218034A true CN110218034A (en) | 2019-09-10 |
Family
ID=67814334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910535682.9A Pending CN110218034A (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | A kind of method of building waste recovery processing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110218034A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112174591A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-05 | 北京鼎创科技环保集团有限公司 | Production of ultra-high performance concrete by using construction waste micropowder |
| CN112609526A (en) * | 2020-12-12 | 2021-04-06 | 深圳市宝安湾建筑废弃物循环利用有限公司 | Assembled ecological self-drainage runoff foundation block |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030046564A (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-18 | 요업기술원 | A fine-grained lightweight aggregate by use of the waste glass and the method for producing it |
| CN101099974A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-01-09 | 华南理工大学 | Method for treating and regenerating reuse building waste |
| CN102873072A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-01-16 | 深圳市华威环保建材有限公司 | Mobile production system capable of demolishing buildings selectively on site and recycling construction waste |
| CN104671685A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 深圳市华威环保建材有限公司 | Production method of recycled aggregates of building wastes |
| CN108558303A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-21 | 同济大学 | A kind of regeneration concrete bulk and its production method |
| CN108569854A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 广东怡兴食品有限公司 | The application of building waste treatment process and gained recycled fine aggregate and reclaimed sand |
-
2019
- 2019-06-20 CN CN201910535682.9A patent/CN110218034A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030046564A (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-18 | 요업기술원 | A fine-grained lightweight aggregate by use of the waste glass and the method for producing it |
| CN101099974A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-01-09 | 华南理工大学 | Method for treating and regenerating reuse building waste |
| CN102873072A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-01-16 | 深圳市华威环保建材有限公司 | Mobile production system capable of demolishing buildings selectively on site and recycling construction waste |
| CN104671685A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 深圳市华威环保建材有限公司 | Production method of recycled aggregates of building wastes |
| CN108558303A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-21 | 同济大学 | A kind of regeneration concrete bulk and its production method |
| CN108569854A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 广东怡兴食品有限公司 | The application of building waste treatment process and gained recycled fine aggregate and reclaimed sand |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112174591A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-05 | 北京鼎创科技环保集团有限公司 | Production of ultra-high performance concrete by using construction waste micropowder |
| CN112609526A (en) * | 2020-12-12 | 2021-04-06 | 深圳市宝安湾建筑废弃物循环利用有限公司 | Assembled ecological self-drainage runoff foundation block |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101099974B (en) | Method for treating and regenerating reuse building waste | |
| CN103755188B (en) | Building waste Ecological treatment technology | |
| CN106694526A (en) | Method for on-site treatment and resource utilization of architectural ornament rubbish | |
| CN106111665A (en) | A kind of building waste processing method | |
| CN201150926Y (en) | Builders rubbish comprehensive processing and utilizing system | |
| CN102115313A (en) | Method for producing reclaimed machine-made sand with building rubbish | |
| CN110218034A (en) | A kind of method of building waste recovery processing | |
| CN1727301A (en) | Buring free, steaming free bearing building blocks or bricks prepared from tailing sand of iron ore, and manufacturing process | |
| CN107540254A (en) | A kind of method to building waste integrated treatment | |
| CN103962366A (en) | Construction waste treating and recycling method | |
| CN101767945A (en) | Method for preparing low soil content reclaimed aggregate | |
| CN1107558C (en) | Process for treating and reclaiming construction garbage | |
| CN106746820A (en) | The production technology that a kind of road engineering slag gathers materials | |
| CN109020430A (en) | A kind of construction refuse regenerated mixture of two ash stability and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108395128B (en) | Full-circulation recycling method for urban construction waste, machine-made sand, concrete and building blocks thereof prepared by full-circulation recycling method | |
| CN108527586A (en) | Building waste cycling and reutilization technique | |
| CN103359965A (en) | Method for producing sand for making brick from construction waste | |
| CN106830792A (en) | Concrete mixed with useless brick and regeneration coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101683653A (en) | Municipal refuse treatment method | |
| CN110903044A (en) | System and method for cooperatively treating construction waste by using cement kiln | |
| KR20100110051A (en) | Apparatus for sorting prticles from construction waste | |
| CN106007502A (en) | Method for enhancing mechanical properties of paste filling material by using plastic waste | |
| CN109776012A (en) | The regeneration method of discarded concrete mixture | |
| CN107640939A (en) | A kind of spray anchor concrete prepared using building waste | |
| CN101244925A (en) | Building board manufactured with municipal garbage and agricultural wastes, and method for manufacturing same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190910 |