CN110216936B - High-heat-preservation garment material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-heat-preservation garment material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110216936B CN110216936B CN201910398183.XA CN201910398183A CN110216936B CN 110216936 B CN110216936 B CN 110216936B CN 201910398183 A CN201910398183 A CN 201910398183A CN 110216936 B CN110216936 B CN 110216936B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/08—Animal fibres, e.g. hair, wool, silk
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
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- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-heat-preservation garment material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-heat-preservation garment material comprises an inner layer, a surface layer and an interlayer; the sandwich layer sequentially comprises a polyimide fiber fabric, a composite aerogel material and a camel hair fiber fabric from outside to inside, the composite aerogel material comprises quartz fiber and modified aerogel, and the modified aerogel is formed by gelation of a reinforcing material formed by nano silicon dioxide, graphene and aramid pulp and alcosol. The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, graphene, aramid pulp and nano-silica free particles are used as a supporting framework and a reinforcing material to be matched with the nano-network structure of the aerogel, so that the heat-insulating property, compressive strength, flexibility, elasticity and stability of the aerogel are improved; the composite thermal insulation material is compounded with polyimide fiber fabric and camel hair fabric with thermal insulation function, so that the phenomena of composite aerogel breakage and particle shedding are effectively avoided, and the thermal insulation performance and comfort of the thermal insulation layer are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation and application of clothing materials, in particular to a high-heat-preservation clothing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The low-temperature operation requires that workers work in an environment below zero or even tens of degrees below zero for a long time, and the common fabric cannot meet the cold resistance of people. In contrast, the cotton velvet clothes with extremely thick thickness are selected by some people, but the cotton velvet clothes have the defects of being too bulky and inconvenient and poor in flexibility; metal cotton is also selected as a heat-insulating material, but the moisture permeability, the moisture conductivity and the flexibility of the metal cotton are poor; still others have used better synthetic film thermal insulation materials to make thermal insulation garments, but they have the disadvantages of air impermeability, moisture impermeability, poor perforation effect, poor skin feel, and the like.
The aerogel is a product obtained by drying a solvent in the gel under the condition of keeping the structural integrity of the gel skeleton, and is an amorphous low-density material with a nano porous structure. Silica aerogel is by far the best insulating material. The prior art silicon aerogel has the phenomena of insufficient flexibility and easy falling of particles due to low strength and high brittleness, so that the silicon aerogel is limited in use. In order to improve the defect, a method of adding reinforcing fibers is usually adopted to make up for the defect, but the function of common reinforcing fibers is single, the difference of the effects among similar reinforcing fibers is not large, and the performance improvement of the silica aerogel is not obvious.
In the prior art, for example, a patent of Chinese invention with an issued publication number of CN 105150641B discloses a super thermal garment material, which consists of three layers, namely a surface layer, a middle layer and an inner layer, wherein the surface layer and the inner layer are respectively compounded on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the middle layer, the surface layer is a protective layer, the middle layer is a thermal insulation layer, and the inner layer is a comfort layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aerogel thermal clothing material which has the advantages of thermal insulation, air permeability, moisture permeability, skin friendliness, comfort, good elasticity, high flexibility and strong stability and a preparation method of the aerogel thermal clothing material aiming at the defects of the prior art.
Aiming at the problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for preparing high thermal insulation clothing material comprises preparing high thermal insulation clothing material comprising an inner layer, a surface layer and an interlayer, wherein the interlayer is arranged between the inner layer and the surface layer;
the manufactured interlayer is an insulating layer which is a three-layer structure fabric, the manufactured three-layer structure fabric sequentially comprises a polyimide fiber fabric, a composite aerogel material and a camel hair fiber fabric from outside to inside, and the manufactured composite aerogel material comprises quartz fibers and modified aerogel;
the composite aerogel material is made into knitted, woven or non-woven fabric by a conventional method, and the inner layer, the surface layer and the interlayer are compounded by adopting a needling or bonding compounding process to form the three-layer structure heat-insulating fabric.
The composite aerogel material has a nano-scale space network structure, contains a large number of nano pores, has the pore size of 2-50nm and is smaller than the mean free path (70nm) of air molecules, so that air in air holes can not flow freely, the air hole walls are isolated from heat radiation, the convective heat transfer and the radiative heat transfer are greatly reduced, and the thermal conductivity is extremely low, so that the heat preservation and insulation effect is extremely good, meanwhile, the aerogel of the composite graphene, aramid fiber and nano silicon dioxide free particle reinforced material has good pressure resistance, flexibility, elasticity and stability, and is compounded with a polyimide fiber fabric and a camel hair fabric which have flame retardant and super-heat preservation functions, the phenomena of composite aerogel breakage and particle falling are effectively avoided, the heat preservation and insulation performance and comfort of a heat preservation layer are further improved, and the composite aerogel is matched with a waterproof fabric, a windproof fabric and a skin-friendly fabric of an inner layer, the whole garment material has the excellent functions of skin-friendly comfort, thinness, warmth retention, wind prevention and water prevention.
A method for preparing high-heat-preservation clothing material, the prepared composite aerogel material has a nano-porous structure, the pore size is between 2 and 50nm, and the heat conductivity is not lower than 0.05W (m.K).
A method for preparing high-heat-preservation clothing material adopts a protective layer as a surface layer and adopts waterproof, windproof and breathable fabric as a fabric of the protective layer.
A method for preparing high-heat-preservation clothing material adopts a skin-friendly layer as an inner layer, and a functional fiber fabric which is skin-friendly, heat-dissipating, moisture-conducting and soft is adopted as a skin-friendly layer fabric.
A preparation method of a high-heat-preservation garment material comprises the following steps:
mixing water glass or alkoxy silane with absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the mixture to be in an alcohol sol state, adding a reinforcing material to strengthen a silicon dioxide framework, and preparing modified alcohol sol; the reinforcing material comprises nano silicon dioxide, graphene and aramid pulp; the aerogel has a nano-scale spatial network structure, most of the nano-pore size is distributed between 2-50nm, a pure silicon dioxide aerogel matrix is fragile, aramid pulp has low density and high compressive strength, the flexibility of the aramid fiber is also good, graphene is a basic carbon structural unit, the single-layer thickness of the graphene is only 0.335nm, the aramid fiber pulp has good strength, flexibility property and thermal conductivity, the graphene, the aramid pulp and the nano-silicon dioxide free particles are used as a supporting framework and are well matched with the nano-network structure of the aerogel as a reinforcing material, the microscopic reinforcing performance of the graphene, the aramid pulp and the nano-silicon dioxide free particles is effectively exerted, the graphene, the aramid pulp and the nano-silicon dioxide free particles are dispersed in alcohol sol, and the composite aerogel obtained along with the sol-gel process improves the heat insulation performance of the aerogel, The heat conductivity coefficient is reduced, the compressive strength is enhanced, the mechanical property is improved, and the flexibility, the elasticity and the stability are improved;
introducing the modified alcohol sol into n-hexane for solvent replacement to gelatinize the modified alcohol sol to prepare modified aerogel; in the normal pressure drying process, when heating the gel, the surface tension that its inside solvent migration produced leads to the increase of capillary force, very easily lead to the shrink and the collapse of aerogel structure, surface tension is big more, capillary force is big more, and the surface tension of n-hexane is the minimum in the common solvent, only be 18.4mN/m, use n-hexane to replace solvent in the sol, very big reduction the surface tension that produces in the gel drying process, also corresponding capillary force that reduces, avoid the shrink of aerogel structure, collapse and the phenomenon of ftractureing, thereby improve the shape structure and the elasticity of aerogel, increase pliability and stability.
And (3) putting the quartz fiber into a mold, introducing the modified aerogel, drying at normal pressure, and removing the mold to obtain the composite aerogel material. Compared with supercritical drying, the normal pressure drying equipment is simple and cheap, the capillary force is weakened by using solvent replacement, the obtained aerogel product can reach the product performance even higher than that of the supercritical drying, and the normal pressure drying can be used for large-scale production.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-heat-preservation garment material, in the preparation step of the composite aerogel, the addition amount of the used reinforcing material is 3-15% by mass of the alcohol sol.
Further preferably, in the preparation step of the composite aerogel, the used reinforcing material comprises nano silicon dioxide, graphene and aramid pulp, and the preparation method of the used reinforcing material comprises the following steps: weighing the nano silicon dioxide aqueous solution, the graphene aqueous solution and the aramid pulp according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-1.5) to 3-5, adding CTAB, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the reinforcing material.
Further preferably, in the preparation method of the high thermal insulation clothing material, in the preparation step of the composite aerogel, the graphene is redox graphene; the surface and the edge of the redox graphene have a large number of functional groups, such as epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups and the like, so that the redox graphene has good hydrophilicity and can be uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution to form a stable solution.
Still further preferably, in the preparation method of the high thermal insulation clothing material, in the preparation step of the composite aerogel, the used nano-silica is amorphous silica with the particle size of 1-300 nm.
More preferably, in the preparation method of the high-heat-preservation garment material, in the preparation step of the composite aerogel, the replacement time of the used solvent is 4-8 hours, and the replacement is repeated for 2-4 times.
The invention also discloses a high-heat-preservation garment material prepared by the preparation method of the high-heat-preservation garment material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the high-heat-preservation garment material comprises an inner layer, a surface layer and an interlayer; the prepared interlayer comprises a polyimide fiber fabric, a composite aerogel material and a camel hair fiber fabric from outside to inside in sequence; the heat preservation and insulation effect, the pressure resistance, the flexibility, the elasticity and the stability of the composite aerogel material are fully utilized to be compounded with the polyimide fiber fabric and the camel wool fabric which have the flame-retardant and heat preservation functions, so that the phenomena of composite aerogel crushing and particle falling are effectively avoided, the heat preservation and insulation performance and the comfort of a heat preservation layer are further improved, and the whole garment fabric has the excellent functions of skin friendliness, comfort, thinness, heat preservation, wind prevention and water prevention by matching with the waterproof and windproof fabric on the surface layer and the skin-friendly fabric on the inner layer;
2) according to the invention, the nano-silica, graphene and aramid pulp modified alcosol is used, and the graphene, aramid pulp and nano-silica free particles are used as a supporting framework and a reinforcing material to be well matched with the nano-network structure of the aerogel, so that the microscopic reinforcing performance of the graphene, aramid pulp and nano-silica free particles is effectively exerted, the heat preservation and insulation performance of the aerogel is improved, the heat conductivity coefficient is reduced, the compressive strength is enhanced, the mechanical property is improved, and the flexibility, the elasticity and the stability are improved;
3) according to the invention, normal hexane is adopted for carrying out solvent replacement of the alcosol, so that the surface tension of the gel generated in the normal pressure drying process is reduced, the capillary force is correspondingly reduced, and the phenomena of shrinkage, collapse and cracking of the aerogel structure are avoided, so that the shape structure and elasticity of the aerogel are improved, the flexibility and stability are increased, and the equipment used for normal pressure drying is simple, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
a method for preparing a high-heat-preservation garment material,
1) preparing a reinforcing material: weighing amorphous nano silicon dioxide aqueous solution with the particle size of 1-300nm, redox graphene aqueous solution and aramid pulp according to the mass ratio of 1:3:3.5, adding 0.35% CTAB, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a reinforcing material;
2) adding 2.5 times of absolute ethyl alcohol into water glass or alkoxy silane, stirring to be in an alcohol sol state, adding 10% of reinforcing material to strengthen a silicon dioxide framework, and preparing modified alcohol sol;
3) adding the modified alcohol sol into a container containing normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement time is 6 hours, repeating the replacement for 4 times until the solvent is completely replaced, then introducing the replaced modified alcohol sol into radio frequency aging equipment, and performing radio frequency aging to prepare modified aerogel;
4) putting quartz fiber into a mold, introducing the modified aerogel, drying at 50 ℃ under normal pressure for 8h, and removing the mold to obtain a composite aerogel material;
5) the composite aerogel material is made into knitted, woven or non-woven cloth by a conventional method, the polyimide fiber fabric, the composite aerogel material and the camel hair fiber fabric are compounded into the three-layer structure heat-insulation fabric by a needling compounding process, and the inner layer, the surface layer and the interlayer formed by the three-layer structure heat-insulation fabric are compounded into the high-heat-insulation garment material by a bonding process.
The high-heat-preservation garment material prepared by the preparation method is provided by the embodiment.
Example 2:
a method for preparing a high-heat-preservation garment material,
1) preparing a reinforcing material: weighing amorphous nano silicon dioxide aqueous solution with the particle size of 1-300nm, redox graphene aqueous solution and aramid pulp according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 3, adding 0.35% CTAB, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a reinforcing material;
2) adding 2 times of absolute ethyl alcohol into water glass or alkoxy silane, stirring to be in an alcohol sol state, adding 10% of reinforcing material to strengthen a silicon dioxide framework, and preparing modified alcohol sol;
3) adding the modified alcohol sol into a container containing normal hexane for solvent replacement, wherein the replacement time is 4 hours, repeating the replacement for 2 times until the solvent is completely replaced, then introducing the replaced modified alcohol sol into radio frequency aging equipment, and performing radio frequency aging to prepare modified aerogel;
4) putting quartz fiber into a mold, introducing the modified aerogel, drying at 50 ℃ under normal pressure for 6h, and removing the mold to obtain a composite aerogel material;
5) the composite aerogel material is made into knitted, woven or non-woven cloth by a conventional method, the polyimide fiber fabric, the composite aerogel material and the camel hair fiber fabric are compounded into the three-layer structure heat-insulation fabric by a needling compounding process, and the inner layer, the surface layer and the interlayer formed by the three-layer structure heat-insulation fabric are compounded into the high-heat-insulation garment material by a bonding process.
The high-heat-preservation garment material prepared by the preparation method is provided by the embodiment.
Example 3:
and (3) measuring the thermal conductivity: the results are shown in Table 1.
Sample preparation: processing the aerogel composite block into 300X 100mm by using a blade with a blade angle of about 20-25 DEG3As a measurement sample. In order to ensure the surface parallelism, the measurement sample was shaped with a #1500 or more sandpaper as necessary. The test sample was dried at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes and naturally cooled to room temperature for use.
The test method comprises the following steps: the measurement conditions were atmospheric pressure and an average temperature of 25 ℃. The measurement sample obtained as described above was sandwiched between an upper heater and a lower heater with a load of 0.3MPa, the temperature difference Δ T was set to 20 ℃, the upper surface temperature, the lower surface temperature, and the like of the measurement sample were measured while adjusting the temperature to a one-dimensional heat flow by a guard heater, and the measurement sample was obtained by the following equationThermal resistance RS。
RS＝N((TU-TL)/Q)-R0
In the formula, TUDenotes the temperature, T, of the upper surface of the measured sampleLDenotes the temperature of the lower surface of the measurement sample, R0The contact thermal resistance of the upper and lower interfaces is shown, and Q represents the output power of the calorimeter. N is a proportionality coefficient and is obtained in advance using a calibration sample.
Based on the resulting thermal resistance RSThe thermal conductivity λ of the measurement sample was obtained by the following equation.
λ＝d/RS
In the formula, d represents the thickness of the measurement sample.
TABLE 1 determination of the thermal conductivity λ of the samples
| Assay sample | Thermal conductivity lambda (W (m.K)) |
| Example 1 | 0.031 |
| Example 2 | 0.042 |
As can be seen from table 1, the thermal conductivities of the high thermal insulation garment materials prepared in the examples 1 and 2 as the test samples are less than 0.05W (m · K), wherein the thermal conductivity of the example 1 is smaller than that of the example 2, which indicates that the thermal conductivity of the high thermal insulation garment material prepared by the preparation method of the high thermal insulation garment material is very low, and suggests that the high thermal insulation garment material prepared by the preparation method of the high thermal insulation garment material has excellent thermal insulation effect.
Conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a high-heat-preservation garment material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-heat-preservation garment material comprises an inner layer, a surface layer and an interlayer, wherein the interlayer is positioned between the inner layer and the surface layer;
the sandwich layer is an insulating layer, the insulating layer is a three-layer structure fabric, the three-layer structure fabric sequentially comprises a polyimide fiber fabric, a composite aerogel material and a camel wool fiber fabric from outside to inside, and the composite aerogel material comprises quartz fibers and modified aerogel;
preparing the composite aerogel material into knitted, woven or non-woven fabric by adopting a conventional method, and compounding the inner layer, the surface layer and the interlayer by adopting a needling or bonding compounding process to form a three-layer structure heat-insulating fabric;
the preparation method of the composite aerogel material comprises the following steps:
1) mixing water glass or alkoxy silane with absolute ethyl alcohol, adjusting the mixture to be in an alcohol sol state, adding a reinforcing material to strengthen a silicon dioxide framework, and preparing modified alcohol sol; the reinforcing material comprises nano silicon dioxide, graphene and aramid pulp; the addition amount of the reinforcing material is 3-15% by mass of the alcohol sol;
2) introducing the modified alcohol sol into n-hexane for solvent replacement to gelatinize the modified alcohol sol to prepare modified aerogel; the solvent replacement time is 4-8 hours, and the replacement is repeated for 2-4 times;
3) putting quartz fiber into a mold, introducing the modified aerogel, drying at normal pressure, and removing the mold to obtain a composite aerogel material; the composite aerogel material has a nano porous structure, the pore size is 2-50nm, and the thermal conductivity is not lower than 0.05W/(m.K);
after the solvent replacement step, introducing the replaced modified alcohol sol into radio frequency aging equipment, and performing radio frequency aging to prepare modified aerogel;
the operation conditions of the normal pressure drying are as follows: the temperature is 50 ℃, and the time is 8 h;
the preparation method of the reinforced material comprises the following steps: weighing nano silicon dioxide aqueous solution, graphene aqueous solution and aramid pulp according to the mass ratio of 1 (2-3.5) to (3-5), adding CTAB, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a reinforcing material;
the graphene is redox graphene; the nano silicon dioxide is amorphous silicon dioxide, and the particle size is 1-300 nm.
2. The method for preparing the high-heat-preservation garment material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the surface layer is a protective layer, and the fabric adopted by the protective layer is waterproof, windproof and breathable.
3. The method for preparing the high-heat-preservation garment material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner layer is a skin-friendly layer, and the skin-friendly layer fabric is a functional fiber fabric which is skin-friendly, heat-dissipating, moisture-conducting and soft.
4. A high thermal garment material made by the method of making a high thermal garment material according to any one of claims 1-3.
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| CN111850729A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-30 | 吴炅 | Thin warm type aerogel textile fiber fabric and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102501485A (en) * | 2011-10-29 | 2012-06-20 | 常熟市福嘉丽织造有限公司 | Cold-proof and health care fabric |
| CN105150641B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-08-25 | 深圳市中盛丽达贸易有限公司 | A kind of insulation garment material |
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